CN105924202B - 一种柴油机尾气后处理用scr催化剂载体的制备技术 - Google Patents
一种柴油机尾气后处理用scr催化剂载体的制备技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备技术，它是主要由预先烧制的一次钛酸铝矿物相和二次反应生成的次生钛酸铝矿物相及微量莫来石相组成，并采用蜂窝陶瓷生产工艺制成以钛酸铝矿物相为主莫来石相为辅的低膨胀蜂窝陶瓷载体。该产品的膨胀系数低于0.8×10‑6℃‑1，孔密度400目/英寸2，壁厚0.15‑0.17mm,载体直径大于300mm，A轴抗压强度大于20Mpa,B轴抗压强度大于1.8Mpa，吸水率23‑25%，其膨胀系数低、抗压强度高、钛酸铝热稳定性好，可更好地满足柴油机尾气处理用SCR催化剂载体的高技术高性能需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂载体领域，具体为一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备技术。
背景技术
进入二十世纪九十年代以来，能源危机和环境污染两大问题，严重危害人类社会的可持续发展，日益受到各国政府和民间的重视。随着柴油机工业的发展，柴油车保有量的增加，对能源和环境的压力日益加剧，新的排放法规的要求日趋严格，研究开发低排放、低油耗的汽车新技术势在必行。柴油机作为一种高效节能的动力机械，在机动车动力中占据着越来越重要的地位。柴油机尾气排放的主要污染物为NOx。随着尾气排放法规的日益严格，排气后处理技术成为了减少尾气污染的重要手段。
在柴油机尾气排放后处理技术中，SCR技术是目前世界各国特别是欧盟各国普遍采用的控制柴油机尾气排放的一项成熟技术。SCR的基本工作原理是系统将尿素溶液喷射到柴油机的尾气管中，尿素分解产生的氨与尾气混合，经过催化反应器还原NOx生成氮气和水，达到净化尾气的目的。目前生产使用的催化反应器有两种：一种是蜂窝陶瓷载体，另一种是蜂窝金属载体。由于蜂窝陶瓷载体的各项性能远高于蜂窝金属载体，在国内外已大量使用。就蜂窝陶瓷载体材料而言，堇青石和钛酸铝是目前最主要的材料，钛酸铝材料与堇青石比较具有更低的膨胀系数和更突出的热稳定性和化学稳定性，越来越受到人们的广泛重视。而在我们国产的钛酸铝质载体目前还处于开发阶段，虽然也有研究机构开发出样品，但最终的产品性能很难推广应用。因此开发一种膨胀系数低、抗压强度高、钛酸铝热稳定性好，可更好地满足柴油机尾气处理用SCR催化剂载体的高技术高性能需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于克服上述不足，提供了一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备技术，具体包含下列步骤：
（1）钛酸铝预制粉的制备：取摩尔比1:1的工业氧化铝粉和钛白粉，外加摩尔百分比为1-2%的轻烧镁粉和摩尔百分比为1-3%的氧化镧粉作为稳定剂和增强剂， 以纤维素醚、豆油等有机物作为成型助剂，并加入适量水进行捏合，采用挤出成型工艺获得坯体，热风干燥排出水分后切割成规则产品，经过1450-1500℃进行烧结处理。然后经过粉碎加工、分级处理后得到平均粒径1-4um的钛酸铝预制粉。
（2）泥料制备：取钛酸铝预制粉70-80%、二氧化钛粉7-9%、高温氧化铝粉8-10%、生高岭土粉5-8%、氧化硅粉0.5-1%、滑石粉4-6%准确配料后进行无重力干粉混合，添加2.8-3.5%纤维素醚作为成型助剂、加水20-25%、表面活性剂1-2%和润滑剂1-2%后混炼成泥。
（3）将步骤（2）的泥料加入真空炼泥机中进行炼泥，然后困料24小时；
（4）将步骤（3）混炼后的泥料经挤压机挤压成型得到蜂窝陶瓷载体的湿坯，规格为孔密度400目/英寸2，壁厚0.15-0.17mm,载体直径330mm；
（5）将步骤（4）的湿坯微波定型，并按曲线进行热风干燥成干坯；
（6）将步骤（5）的干坯经1450℃的温度下焙烧，保温2-3小时，冷却后得到成品。
本发明的有益效果为：按本发明中的制备技术得到的载体主要由预先烧制的一次钛酸铝矿物相和反应生成的次生钛酸铝矿物相及微量莫来石相组成，并采用蜂窝陶瓷生产工艺制成以钛酸铝矿物相为莫来石相为辅的低膨胀蜂窝陶瓷载体，保留了钛酸铝材料低膨胀和耐高温的特性，同时由于少量的次生钛酸铝和莫来石相分散在一次钛酸铝相的缝隙中，即克服了钛酸铝蜂窝载体难以烧结的强度低的问题，同时也抑制了钛酸铝的分解，提高钛酸铝的稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备技术，具体包含下列步骤：
（1）钛酸铝预制粉的制备：取摩尔比1:1的工业氧化铝粉和钛白粉，外加摩尔百分比为1-2%的轻烧镁粉和摩尔百分比为1-3%的氧化镧粉作为稳定剂和增强剂， 以纤维素醚、豆油等有机物作为成型助剂，并加入适量水进行捏合，采用挤出成型工艺获得坯体，热风干燥排出水分后切割成规则产品，经过1450-1500℃进行烧结处理。然后经过粉碎加工、分级处理后得到平均粒径1-4um的钛酸铝预制粉。
（2）泥料制备：取钛酸铝预制粉70%、二氧化钛粉7%、高温氧化铝粉10%、生高岭土粉8%、氧化硅粉1%、滑石粉4%准确配料后进行无重力干粉混合，添加2.8%纤维素醚作为成型助剂、加水20%、表面活性剂1%和润滑剂1%后混炼成泥。
（3）将步骤（2）的泥料加入真空炼泥机中进行炼泥，然后困料24小时；
（4）将步骤（3）混炼后的泥料经挤压机挤压成型得到蜂窝陶瓷载体的湿坯，规格为孔密度400目/英寸2，壁厚0.15-0.17mm,载体直径330mm；
（5）将步骤（4）的湿坯微波定型，并按曲线进行热风干燥成干坯；
（6）将步骤（5）的干坯经1450℃的温度下焙烧，保温2-3小时，冷却后得到成品。
实施例2
一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备技术，具体包含下列步骤：
（1）钛酸铝预制粉的制备：取摩尔比1:1的工业氧化铝粉和钛白粉，外加摩尔百分比为1-2%的轻烧镁粉和摩尔百分比为1-3%的氧化镧粉作为稳定剂和增强剂， 以纤维素醚、豆油等有机物作为成型助剂，并加入适量水进行捏合，采用挤出成型工艺获得坯体，热风干燥排出水分后切割成规则产品，经过1450-1500℃进行烧结处理。然后经过粉碎加工、分级处理后得到平均粒径1-4um的钛酸铝预制粉。
（2）泥料制备：取钛酸铝预制粉80%、二氧化钛粉8%、高温氧化铝粉8%、生高岭土粉7.5%、氧化硅粉0.5%、滑石粉6%准确配料后进行无重力干粉混合，添加3.5%纤维素醚作为成型助剂、加水25%、表面活性剂2%和润滑剂2%后混炼成泥。
（3）将步骤（2）的泥料加入真空炼泥机中进行炼泥，然后困料24小时；
（4）将步骤（3）混炼后的泥料经挤压机挤压成型得到蜂窝陶瓷载体的湿坯，规格为孔密度400目/英寸2，壁厚0.15-0.17mm,载体直径330mm；
（5）将步骤（4）的湿坯微波定型，并按曲线进行热风干燥成干坯；
（6）将步骤（5）的干坯经1450℃的温度下焙烧，保温2-3小时，冷却后得到成品。
实施例3
一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备技术，具体包含下列步骤：
（1）钛酸铝预制粉的制备：取摩尔比1:1的工业氧化铝粉和钛白粉，外加摩尔百分比为1-2%的轻烧镁粉和摩尔百分比为1-3%的氧化镧粉作为稳定剂和增强剂， 以纤维素醚、豆油等有机物作为成型助剂，并加入适量水进行捏合，采用挤出成型工艺获得坯体，热风干燥排出水分后切割成规则产品，经过1450-1500℃进行烧结处理。然后经过粉碎加工、分级处理后得到平均粒径1-4um的钛酸铝预制粉。
（2）泥料制备：取钛酸铝预制粉71%、二氧化钛粉9%、高温氧化铝粉9%、生高岭土粉5%、氧化硅粉1%、滑石粉5%准确配料后进行无重力干粉混合，添加3.2%纤维素醚作为成型助剂、加水22%、表面活性剂1.5%和润滑剂1.5%后混炼成泥。
（3）将步骤（2）的泥料加入真空炼泥机中进行炼泥，然后困料24小时；
（4）将步骤（3）混炼后的泥料经挤压机挤压成型得到蜂窝陶瓷载体的湿坯，规格为孔密度400目/英寸2，壁厚0.15-0.17mm,载体直径330mm；
（5）将步骤（4）的湿坯微波定型，并按曲线进行热风干燥成干坯；
（6）将步骤（5）的干坯经1450℃的温度下焙烧，保温2-3小时，冷却后得到成品。
按以上方法制备的载体的膨胀系数低于0.8×10-6℃-1，孔密度400目/英寸2，壁厚0.15-0.17mm,载体直径大于300mm，A轴抗压强度大于20Mpa,B轴抗压强度大于1.8Mpa，吸水率23-25%，其膨胀系数低、抗压强度高、钛酸铝热稳定性好，可更好地满足柴油机尾气处理用SCR催化剂载体的高技术高性能需求。
Claims (2)
1.一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法中的原料配方为，钛酸铝预制粉70-80%、二氧化钛粉7-9%、高温氧化铝粉8-10%、生高岭土粉5-8%、氧化硅粉0.5-1%、滑石粉4-6%； 制备方法为，上述原料经过配料后进行无重力干粉混合，添加2.8-3.5%纤维素醚作为成型助剂、加水20-25%、表面活性剂1-2%和润滑剂1-2%后混炼成泥，然后经过困料、真空练泥、挤出、微波定型、烘干、烧成工序，制得一种柴油机尾气处理用SCR催化剂载体； 所述钛酸铝预制粉的制备方法为：取摩尔比1:1的工业氧化铝粉和钛白粉，外加摩尔百分比为1-2%的轻烧镁粉和摩尔百分比为1-3%的氧化镧粉作为稳定剂和增强剂， 以纤维素醚、豆油作为成型助剂，并加入适量水进行捏合，采用挤出成型工艺获得坯体，热风干燥排出水分后切割成规则产品，经过1450-1500℃进行烧结处理；然后经过粉碎加工、分级处理后得到平均粒径1-4um的钛酸铝预制粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种柴油机尾气后处理用SCR催化剂载体的制备方法所制得的载体，其特征在于：所述的载体由预先烧制的一次钛酸铝矿物相和反应生成的次生钛酸铝矿物相及微量莫来石相组成。
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