CN105920345A - 一种用于麻醉止痛的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于麻醉止痛的药物及制备方法,属中药领域;本发明药物有效成分的原料组成为:穿根藤、甘草、徐长卿、大枣、青天葵、石蕊、鸡屎藤、西番莲、毛稔、手掌参、兔毛蒿、栗子、川防风、白芥子、丁香和巨紫堇;本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜,相得益彰,诸药相合具有清热解毒、镇痛安神、缓急止痛、益肾健脾、理气和血、抗菌消炎等功效,诸药相合能直接到达麻醉部位,在临床手术治疗中具有显著麻醉止痛效果,具有见效快、安全方便、无毒副作用的优点,且价格便宜,容易制备,是一种理想的局部麻醉产品。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,尤其涉及一种用于麻醉止痛的药物及制备方法。
背景技术
一般认为,麻醉是由药物或其他方法产生的一种中枢神经和(或)周围神经系统的可逆性功能抑制,这种抑制的特点主要是感觉特别是痛觉的丧失。麻醉,顾名思义,麻为麻木麻痹,醉为酒醉昏迷。因此,麻醉的含义是用药物或其他方法使患者整体或局部暂时失去感觉,以达到无痛的目的进行手术治疗。
麻醉主要包括全身麻醉和局部麻醉。全身麻醉是指将麻醉药通过吸入、静脉、肌肉注射或直肠灌注进入体内,使中枢神经系统受到抑制,致使患者意识消失而周身无疼痛感觉的过程。局部麻醉是利用局部麻醉药如普鲁卡因、利多卡因等,注射在相应部位使脊神经、神经丛或神经干以及更细的周围神经末梢受到阻滞,使身体的某一部位暂时失去感觉。局部麻醉的特点就是麻醉局限在身体的“局部”,患者的意识是清醒的。
目前,各大医院普遍采用注射普鲁卡因和利多卡因进行局部麻醉。这种麻醉方式操作比较繁琐,同时还具有麻醉风险。此外其他麻醉产品其组成成分中大多含有激素及人工合成药剂,副作用大,对人体有较大影响,容易造成后遗症。且麻醉时间长、效果差、费用高。为此,我们急需研制一种中药以更好的实施局部麻醉。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于麻醉止痛的药物及制备方法;本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜,相得益彰,诸药相合具有清热解毒、镇痛安神、缓急止痛、益肾健脾、理气和血、抗菌消炎等功效,诸药相合能直接到达麻醉部位,在临床手术治疗中具有显著麻醉止痛效果,具有见效快、安全方便、无毒副作用的优点,且价格便宜,容易制备,是一种理想的局部麻醉产品。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案实施如下:
一种用于麻醉止痛的药物,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
一种用于麻醉止痛的药物的制备方法,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将穿根藤捣碎,绞汁,过滤,留汁液备用;
(2)将甘草、大枣、青天葵、石蕊、西番莲、毛稔、兔毛蒿、川防风和丁香放入容器中,加入蒸馏水煮沸提取3次,首次加10-15倍量蒸馏水浸泡4-5小时,加热煮沸3-4小时,提取;第二次加8-10倍量蒸馏水加热煮沸2-3小时,提取;第三次加6-8倍量蒸馏水加热煮沸1-2小时,提取;合并提取液,滤过,得滤液备用;
(3)将徐长卿、鸡屎藤和手掌参研末后,浸入体积浓度为90%酒精溶液,静置4小时,取出上层清液,沉淀下来的浸膏备用;
(4)将栗子、白芥子和巨紫堇洗净,微火烘至半干,切片,放入锅内,加入0.3倍量黄酒拌匀吸干,文火炒至干燥,取出,晾干,研末,得到过120目的细粉,备用;
(5)将步骤(1)-步骤(4)制得的汁液、滤液、浸膏和细粉混合,制成药膏,即为所述的用于麻醉止痛的药物。
本发明所用中药的药性如下:
穿根藤:味苦、辛,性平;归肝、心经。祛风湿,舒筋活络,消肿止痛。主风湿关节痛,手足麻木,腰肌劳脶,坐骨神经痛,多发性痈肿,骨结核,跌打损伤,骨折,毒蛇咬伤。《广西药植名录》载:“全株:治头痛、气痛、小儿疳积。茎、叶:消炎,解毒,去腐,接骨,祛风湿,治跌伤。”
甘草:味甘,性平;归脾、胃、心、肺经。益气补中,缓急止痛,润肺止咳,泻火解毒,调和诸药。主倦怠食少,肌瘦面黄,心悸气短,腹痛便溏,四肢挛急疼痛,脏躁,咳嗽气喘,咽喉肿痛,痈疮肿痛,小儿胎毒,及药物、食物中毒。《日华子本草》载:“安魂定魄。补五劳七伤,一切虚损、惊悸、烦闷、健忘。通九窍,利百脉,益精养气,壮筋骨,解冷热。”现代医学研究证实,甘草对中枢神经系统呈现抑制作用,可引起镇静、催眠、呼吸抑制等。
徐长卿:味辛,性温;归肝、胃经。镇痛,止咳,利水消肿,活血解毒。治胃痛,牙痛,风湿疼痛,经期腹痛,慢性气管炎,腹水,水肿,痢疾,肠炎,跌打损伤,湿疹,荨麻疹,毒蛇咬伤。《吉林中草药》载:“利尿,强壮,镇静止痛,驱寒散瘀,解蛇毒,通络和血。治脚气,水肿,腹水,胀满,寒性腹痛。”
大枣:味甘,性温;归脾、胃经。补脾胃,益气血,安心神,调营卫,和药性。主脾胃虚弱,气血不足,食少便溏,倦怠乏力,心悸失眠,妇人脏躁,营卫不和。《本经》载:“主心腹邪气,安中养脾,助十二经。平胃气,通九窍,补少气、少津液,身中不足,大惊,四肢重,和百药。”
青天葵:味甘,性凉。润肺止咳,清热解毒,散瘀止痛。主肺痨咯血,肺热咳嗽,口腔炎,咽喉肿痛,瘰疬,疮疡肿毒,跌打损伤。《云南思茅中草药选》载:“散瘀消肿,镇静止痛。治精神病,跌打损伤,结肿瘀痛。”
石蕊:味甘,性平;归肺、胃、肾经。止咳平喘,活血祛瘀,接骨。主肺热喘咳,胃脘痛,跌打损伤,骨折。
鸡屎藤:味甘、酸,性平;归心、肝、脾、肾经。祛风除湿,消食化积,解毒消肿,活血止痛。主治风湿痹痛,食积腹胀,小儿疳积,腹泻,痢疾,中暑,黄疸,肝炎,肝脾肿大,咳嗽,瘰疬,肠痈,无名肿毒,脚湿肿烂,烫火伤,湿疹,皮炎,跌打损伤,蛇蛟蝎螫。《上海常用中草药》载:“祛风,活血,止痛,消肿。治风湿酸痛,跌打损伤,肝脾肿大,无名肿毒。”
西番莲:味苦,性温。除风,除湿,活血,止痛。主感冒头痛,鼻塞流涕,风湿关节痛,痛经,神经痛,失眠,下痢,骨折。王殿翔《生药学》载:“用于神经痛,失眠症,月经痛及下痢等症,有麻醉及镇静作用。”
毛稔:味苦、涩,性凉;归脾、肝经。解毒止痛,生肌止血。主痧气腹痛,痢疾,便血,月经过多,疮疖,跌打肿痛,外伤出血。《广西药植名录》载:“根:治痧气,蛇伤,跌打损伤;叶:凉血,消肿,止血,止痛,生新。”
手掌参:味甘,性平;归肺、脾、胃经。止咳平喘,益肾健脾,理气和血,止痛。主肺虚咳喘,虚劳消瘦,神经衰弱,肾虚腰腿酸软,阳痿,滑精,尿频,慢性肝炎,久泻,失血,带下,乳少,跌打损伤。《陕西中草药》载:“滋补强壮,补脾润肺,安神镇惊,益气止痛。治身体虚弱,神经衰弱,劳伤,咳嗽,气喘。”
兔毛蒿:味苦,性寒。清热解毒,抗菌消炎,安神镇惊,调经止血。主治传染病高热,内服对心跳、失眠、神经衰弱效果显着,对月经过多,月经不调也有一定疗效。外用治肿痈,臁疮(下肢慢性溃疡)、中耳炎及其它外科化脓性感染疾病。实验证明,兔毛蒿全成分、水煎液(母液)和纯挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌有高度抑菌作用,对乙型链球菌、伤寒杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌中度敏感,对肺炎链球菌、绿脓杆菌等均不敏感,对青霉素耐药金黄色葡萄球菌仍有较好的抑菌作用。
栗子:味甘、微咸,性平;归脾、肾经。益气健脾,补肾强筋,活血消肿,止血。主脾虚泄泻,反胃呕吐,脚膝酸软,筋骨折伤肿痛,瘰疬,吐血,衄血,便血。《食性本草》载:“理筋骨风痛。”
川防风:味辛、微甘,性微温;归肺、膀胱肝、脾经。发表,祛风,胜湿,止痛。主风寒感冒,感冒夹湿,头痛,昏眩,寒湿腹痛,泄泻,风湿痹痛,四肢拘挛,破伤风,目赤,疮疡,疝瘕,疥癣,风疹。
白芥子:味辛,性温;归肺、肝、脾、胃、心包经。化痰逐饮,散结消肿。主咳喘痰多,胸满胁痛,肢体麻木,关节肿痛,湿痰流注,阴疽肿毒。《东北药植志》载:“大量用可作麻醉剂。”
丁香:味辛,性温;归脾、胃、肾经。温中降逆,温肾助阳。主呃逆,脘腹冷痛,食少叶泻,肾虚阳痿,腰膝酸冷,阴疽。《开宝本草》载:“温脾胃,止霍乱。(治)壅胀,风毒诸肿,齿疳匿。”现代医学研究证实,丁香具有止痛作用。
巨紫堇:味苦,性寒;归肺、心、肝经。镇痛镇静,抗菌消炎。主各种疼痛。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
本发明药物所选药材配伍相宜,相得益彰,诸药相合具有清热解毒、镇痛安神、缓急止痛、益肾健脾、理气和血、抗菌消炎等功效,诸药相合能直接到达麻醉部位,在临床手术治疗中具有显著麻醉止痛效果,具有见效快、安全方便、无毒副作用的优点,且价格便宜,容易制备,是一种理想的局部麻醉产品。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
本发明药物制备方法的工艺步骤为:
(1)将穿根藤捣碎,绞汁,过滤,留汁液备用;
(2)将甘草、大枣、青天葵、石蕊、西番莲、毛稔、兔毛蒿、川防风和丁香放入容器中,加入蒸馏水煮沸提取3次,首次加10-15倍量蒸馏水浸泡4-5小时,加热煮沸3-4小时,提取;第二次加8-10倍量蒸馏水加热煮沸2-3小时,提取;第三次加6-8倍量蒸馏水加热煮沸1-2小时,提取;合并提取液,滤过,得滤液备用;
(3)将徐长卿、鸡屎藤和手掌参研末后,浸入体积浓度为90%酒精溶液,静置4小时,取出上层清液,沉淀下来的浸膏备用;
(4)将栗子、白芥子和巨紫堇洗净,微火烘至半干,切片,放入锅内,加入0.3倍量黄酒拌匀吸干,文火炒至干燥,取出,晾干,研末,得到过120目的细粉,备用;
(5)将步骤(1)-步骤(4)制得的汁液、滤液、浸膏和细粉混合,制成药膏,即为所述的用于麻醉止痛的药物。
用法用量:涂抹用药膏,在手术前20min,对局部麻醉患者手术周围皮肤或组织器官均匀涂抹5-10g。
实施例2
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量数为:
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
临床资料:
病例选择:
作为麻醉止痛的药物,选择我院或外院手术治疗的患者280例临床观察,病人随机分成两组,治疗组140例,其中男性70例,女性70例,年龄11-79岁,平均年龄36.8岁,病情轻度45例,中度50例,重度45例;对照组140例,其中男性70例,女性70例,年龄12-75岁,平均年龄32.7岁,病情轻度48例,中度50例,重度42例。两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致,无显著差异,具有可比性。
2、药物选择:
治疗组患者使用本发明药物,在手术前20min,对局部麻醉患者手术周围皮肤或组织器官均匀涂抹5-10g。
对照组使用复方利多卡因乳膏。
3、疗效判定:
(1)有效:手术过程中无疼痛感,术中无不良反应出现,术后无后遗症、无副作用出现,手术进行顺利。
(2)无效:手术过程中有疼痛感,或术中出现不良反应,或术后后遗症,有一定副作用出现。
4、结果:
涂抹本发明药物的治疗组中,有效133例,无效7例,有效率95%。
对照组中,有效82例,无效58例,有效率58.6%。
以上结果显示,治疗组的有效率明显高于对照组。
典型病例举例:
1、沈某,女,72岁,务农,陕西安康人。患者4年前因意外造成左肢划破,伤口长约2cm,深约1cm,进行初步止血处理后,需进行进一步缝合处理。缝合伤口前涂抹本发明药物,涂抹20min后进行缝合,手术中无疼痛感,术后未发现异常情况,患处恢复良好。
2、李某,男,65岁,银行退休干部,湖南岳阳人。患者5年前因出现便秘、便血、腹泻等症状来我院就诊,经检查确诊为肠息肉。在进行息肉切除手术后,手术切口出现发炎、不愈合的症状,并伴有剧烈疼痛。遂给予涂抹本发明药物,对手术切口进行持续麻醉,使用过程中,切口疼痛感消失,手术切口愈合良好。
3、何某,女,53岁,质检员,安徽淮北人。患者6年前因血栓性外痔在当地医院实施手术,术后手术切口出现发炎、不愈合的症状,并伴有剧烈疼痛。遂来我院就诊,给予涂抹本发明药物,对手术切口进行持续麻醉,使用过程中,切口疼痛感消失,手术切口愈合良好。
4、高某,女,36岁,销售人员,甘肃定西人。患者10年前因腋窝部出汗较多且有臭味来我院就诊,经检查确诊为狐臭。在患者要求下进行狐臭手术。术前涂抹本发明药物,涂抹20min后进行手术,手术中无疼痛感,术后未发现异常情况,患处恢复良好。
5、孙某,男,29岁,室内设计师,辽宁营口人。患者2年前手背、手指、后背出现多个黄豆粒大小的肉瘤,来我院就诊,经检查确诊为千日疮,在患者要求下进行手术切除。术前涂抹本发明药物,涂抹20min后进行手术,术中无疼痛感,术后恢复良好。
6、徐某,男,19岁,学生,河南漯河人。患者2年前体育课上遭网球架铁丝划伤大腿,伤口长约3cm,深约1cm,进行初步止血处理后,需进行进一步缝合处理。缝合伤口前涂抹本发明药物,涂抹20min后进行缝合,手术中无疼痛感,术后恢复良好。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于麻醉止痛的药物,其特征在于:制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
穿根藤60-80份 甘草54-74份 徐长卿54-74份 大枣50-70份
青天葵50-70份 石蕊45-65份 鸡屎藤45-65份 西番莲39-59份
毛稔35-55份 手掌参31-51份 兔毛蒿31-51份 栗子20-40份
川防风15-35份 白芥子15-35份 丁香10-22份 巨紫堇5-13份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于麻醉止痛的药物,其特征在于:制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
穿根藤75份 甘草69份 徐长卿69份 大枣65份
青天葵65份 石蕊60份 鸡屎藤60份 西番莲54份
毛稔50份 手掌参46份 兔毛蒿46份 栗子35份
川防风30份 白芥子30份 丁香19份 巨紫堇11份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于麻醉止痛的药物,其特征在于:制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
穿根藤70份 甘草64份 徐长卿64份 大枣60份
青天葵60份 石蕊55份 鸡屎藤55份 西番莲49份
毛稔45份 手掌参41份 兔毛蒿41份 栗子30份
川防风25份 白芥子25份 丁香16份 巨紫堇9份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于麻醉止痛的药物,其特征在于:制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
穿根藤65份 甘草59份 徐长卿59份 大枣55份
青天葵55份 石蕊50份 鸡屎藤50份 西番莲44份
毛稔40份 手掌参36份 兔毛蒿36份 栗子25份
川防风20份 白芥子20份 丁香13份 巨紫堇7份。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于麻醉止痛的药物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将穿根藤捣碎,绞汁,过滤,留汁液备用;
(2)将甘草、大枣、青天葵、石蕊、西番莲、毛稔、兔毛蒿、川防风和丁香放入容器中,加入蒸馏水煮沸提取3次,首次加10-15倍量蒸馏水浸泡4-5小时,加热煮沸3-4小时,提取;第二次加8-10倍量蒸馏水加热煮沸2-3小时,提取;第三次加6-8倍量蒸馏水加热煮沸1-2小时,提取;合并提取液,滤过,得滤液备用;
(3)将徐长卿、鸡屎藤和手掌参研末后,浸入体积浓度为90%酒精溶液,静置4小时,取出上层清液,沉淀下来的浸膏备用;
(4)将栗子、白芥子和巨紫堇洗净,微火烘至半干,切片,放入锅内,加入0.3倍量黄酒拌匀吸干,文火炒至干燥,取出,晾干,研末,得到过120目的细粉,备用;
(5)将步骤(1)-步骤(4)制得的汁液、滤液、浸膏和细粉混合,制成药膏,即为所述的用于麻醉止痛的药物。
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