CN105914244B - 一种提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的方法和应用,属于半导体材料与器件技术领域。在真空条件下,使Ar气等离子化,并且在CZTS薄膜表面进行等离子体处理。等离子体对CZTS薄膜表面即CZTS/CdS异质结界面进行处理,不仅可以修饰其界面、减少缺陷,而且操作简单,处理后的CZTS/CdS异质结整流比有明显提高,有利于提高太阳能电池的转化效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于半导体材料与器件技术领域,具体涉及一种提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的方法。
背景技术
目前,铜锌锡硫(Cu2ZnSnS4,简称CZTS)因其具有环境友好、明显P型半导体特性、适合的禁带宽度(1.5eV)、较高吸收系数(大于104cm-1)等优点而倍受关注,其太阳能电池最高效率达到12.6%(CZTSSe)。铜锌锡硫薄膜太阳能电池的典型结构是:底电极/吸收层(CZTS)/缓冲层(CdS)/透明导电层/上电极,其核心结构是CZTS/CdS异质结,所以提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比是提高电池光电转换效率的核心关键。
目前,为了提高电池光电转换效率,对CZTS/CdS异质结界面进行处理,其方式有很多,例如:去离子水、稀盐酸、氨水刻蚀、紫外线照射CZTS薄膜表面。而等离子体处理在存储器件技术领域有广泛应用,并且对存储器件的稳定性能起积极作用,所以我们借鉴此研究思路,研究等离子体处理CZTS/CdS异质结界面对其整流特性的影响。这是本发明的关键所在。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的方法,其采用等离子体对CZTS薄膜表面即CZTS/CdS异质结界面进行处理,并通过调整射频功率,以提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选择柔性钼箔作为底电极,在浓硫酸和甲醇体积比1:7的混合溶液中进行清洗,最后用去离子水冲干净并用氮气吹干;
(2)利用溶胶凝胶法在钼箔上制备金属预制层薄膜,其后进行硫化从而得到CZTS薄膜,其具体步骤如下:
A、将一水合醋酸铜(Cu(CH3COOH)2•H2O)、二水合醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COOH)2•2H2O)、二水合氯化亚锡(SnCl2•2H2O)以及硫脲按贫铜富锌的比例混合后,加入到有机溶剂乙二醇甲醚中,并加入一定比例的稳定剂,50℃水浴加热搅拌1h,得到胶体;
B、利用旋涂法将步骤(A)制备的胶体涂覆在(1)所得的钼箔上, 经280℃高温烘烤制成铜锌锡硫预制层薄膜;重复数次以达到所需薄膜厚度,膜厚1~1.5µm;
C、把样品放进硫化炉中,抽真空到5Pa以下;让硫化炉升温,1h后升到580℃,往炉中通入N2和H2S气体, 流量分别为180sccm、20sccm;使预制层在N2和H2S的混合气体中保持1h;最后冷却到室温,其后进行硫化,得到铜锌锡硫薄膜;
(3)将(2)的CZTS薄膜进行等离子体处理,包括以下步骤:
A、 将所述CZTS薄膜放置于腔室中,并抽真空至0.1Pa以下;
B、 在所述真空腔室中通入气流为48 sccm的Ar气,并保持腔室气压为100Pa,然后起辉;
C、 调整节流阀使所述真空腔室保持在120Pa, 施加80~120W射频功率于腔室内的气体,使其等离子化,并保持等离子体对CZTS薄膜的作用时间为120s;
(4)采用化学水浴法在(3)所得的等离子体处理后的CZTS薄膜表面沉积CdS薄膜,其具体步骤如下:
A、将氯化铬和氯化铵按比例混合,滴加氨水调节pH值为10,搅拌均匀;
B、将(2)所得的CZTS薄膜垂直放入混合溶液中;
C、将混合溶液置于水浴锅中加热至80℃,加入适量的硫脲,保持10min后取出该样品;
D、用去离子水冲洗该样品表面;
(5)采用真空热蒸发法在(4)制得的样品表面沉积金属铝电极,所用铝的直径为1mm,长度为2cm,数量为25,用螺旋状钨舟加热铝丝,所得的‘主’状金属铝电极厚度为200~300nm;
所述方法制备的CZTS/CdS异质结可提高铜锌锡硫薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
本发明用于提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的方法具有以下特点和优点:
(1)使用本发明通过调整等离子体处理射频功率可以实现对CZTS/CdS异质结界面的缺陷进行准确修饰,以形成良好的导带阶。
(2)使用本发明工艺操作上相对简单,各参数易于精准控制,便于推广应用。
附图说明
图1为采用溶胶凝胶法所制备的CZTS薄膜的XRD谱。
图2为采用溶胶凝胶法所制备的CZTS薄膜的拉曼谱。
图3为采用化学水浴法所制备的CdS薄膜的XRD谱。
图4为经等离子体处理射频功率分别为0W(未处理)、80W、100W、120W的CZTS/CdS异质结的I-V图。
图5为CZTS/CdS异质结的整流比统计图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
(1):选择柔性钼箔作为底电极,在浓硫酸和甲醇体积比1:7的混合溶液中进行清洗,最后用去离子水冲干净并用氮气吹干;
(2):利用溶胶凝胶法在钼箔上制备金属预制层薄膜,其后进行硫化从而得到CZTS薄膜,其具体步骤如下:
A、将一水合醋酸铜(Cu(CH3COOH)2•H2O)、二水合醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COOH)2•2H2O)、二水合氯化亚锡(SnCl2•2H2O)以及硫脲按贫铜富锌的比例混合后,加入到有机溶剂乙二醇甲醚中,并加入一定比例的稳定剂,50℃水浴加热搅拌1h,得到胶体;
B、利用旋涂法将步骤(A)制备的胶体涂覆在(1)所得的钼箔上, 经280℃高温烘烤制成铜锌锡硫预制层薄膜;重复数次以达到所需薄膜厚度,膜厚为1~1.5µm;
C、把样品放进硫化炉中,抽真空到5Pa以下;让硫化炉升温,1h后升到580℃,往炉中通入N2和H2S气体, 流量分别为180sccm、20sccm;使预制层在N2和H2S的混合气体中保持1h;最后冷却到室温,其后进行硫化,得到铜锌锡硫薄膜。
(3):将(2)的CZTS薄膜进行等离子体处理,包括以下步骤:
A、 将所述CZTS薄膜放置于腔室中,并抽真空至0.1Pa以下;
B 、在所述真空腔室中通入气流为48 sccm的Ar气,并保持腔室气压为100Pa,然后起辉;
C、 调整节流阀使所述真空腔室保持在120Pa, 施加80W射频功率于腔室内的气体,使其等离子化,并保持等离子体对CZTS薄膜的作用时间为120s。
(4):采用化学水浴法在(3)所得的等离子体处理后的CZTS薄膜表面沉积CdS薄膜,其具体步骤如下:
A、将氯化铬和氯化铵按比例混合,滴加氨水调节pH值为10,搅拌均匀;
B、将(2)所得的CZTS薄膜垂直放入混合溶液中;
C、将混合溶液置于水浴锅中加热至80℃,加入适量的硫脲,保持10min后取出该样品;
D、用去离子水冲洗该样品表面;
(5)采用真空热蒸发法在(4)制得的样品表面沉积金属铝电极;所用铝的直径为1mm,长度为2cm,数量为25,用螺旋状钨舟加热铝丝,所得的‘主’状金属铝电极厚度为200~300nm;
实施例2
(1):选择柔性钼箔作为底电极,在浓硫酸和甲醇体积比1:7的混合溶液中进行清洗,最后用去离子水冲干净并用氮气吹干;
(2):利用溶胶凝胶法在钼箔上制备金属预制层薄膜,其后进行硫化从而得到CZTS薄膜,具体步骤如下:
A、将一水合醋酸铜(Cu(CH3COOH)2•H2O)、二水合醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COOH)2•2H2O)、二水合氯化亚锡(SnCl2•2H2O)以及硫脲按贫铜富锌的比例混合后,加入到有机溶剂乙二醇甲醚中,并加入一定比例的稳定剂,50℃水浴加热搅拌1h,得到胶体;
B、利用旋涂法将步骤(A)制备的胶体涂覆在(1)所得的钼箔上, 经280℃高温烘烤制成铜锌锡硫预制层薄膜;重复数次以达到所需薄膜厚度,膜厚为1~1.5µm;
C、把样品放进硫化炉中,抽真空到5Pa以下;让硫化炉升温,1h后升到580℃,往炉中通入N2和H2S气体, 流量分别为180sccm、20sccm;使预制层在N2和H2S的混合气体中保持1h;最后冷却到室温,其后进行硫化,得到铜锌锡硫薄膜;
(3):将(2)的CZTS薄膜进行等离子体处理,包括以下步骤:
A、 将所述CZTS薄膜放置于腔室中,并抽真空至0.1Pa以下;
B、 在所述真空腔室中通入气流为48 sccm的Ar气,并保持腔室气压为100Pa,然后起辉;
C、 调整节流阀使所述真空腔室保持在120Pa, 施加100W射频功率于腔室内的气体,使其等离子化,并保持等离子体对CZTS薄膜的作用时间为120s。
(4):采用化学水浴法在(3)所得的等离子体处理后的CZTS薄膜表面沉积CdS薄膜,其具体步骤如下:
A、将氯化铬和氯化铵按比例混合,滴加氨水调节pH值为10,搅拌均匀;
B、将(2)所得的CZTS薄膜垂直放入混合溶液中;
C、将混合溶液置于水浴锅中加热至80℃,加入适量的硫脲,保持10min后取出该样品;
D、用去离子水冲洗该样品表面;
(5)采用真空热蒸发法在(4)制得的样品表面沉积金属铝电极;所用铝的直径为1mm,长度为2cm,数量为25,用螺旋状钨舟加热铝丝,所得的‘主’状金属铝电极厚度为200~300nm;
实施例3
(1):选择柔性钼箔作为底电极,在浓硫酸和甲醇体积比1:7的混合溶液中进行清洗,最后用去离子水冲干净并用氮气吹干;
(2):利用溶胶凝胶法在钼箔上制备金属预制层薄膜,其后进行硫化从而得到CZTS薄膜,具体步骤如下:
A、将一水合醋酸铜(Cu(CH3COOH)2•H2O)、二水合醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COOH)2•2H2O)、二水合氯化亚锡(SnCl2•2H2O)以及硫脲按贫铜富锌的比例混合后,加入到有机溶剂乙二醇甲醚中,并加入一定比例的稳定剂,50℃水浴加热搅拌1h,得到胶体;
B、利用旋涂法将步骤(A)制备的胶体涂覆在(1)所得的钼箔上, 经280℃高温烘烤制成铜锌锡硫预制层薄膜;重复数次以达到所需薄膜厚度,膜厚为1~1.5µm;
C、把样品放进硫化炉中,抽真空到5Pa以下;让硫化炉升温,1h后升到580℃,往炉中通入N2和H2S气体, 流量分别为180sccm、20sccm;使预制层在N2和H2S的混合气体中保持1h;最后冷却到室温,其后进行硫化,得到铜锌锡硫薄膜;
(3):将(2)的CZTS薄膜进行等离子体处理,包括以下步骤:
(A1) 将所述CZTS薄膜放置于腔室中,并抽真空至0.1Pa以下;
(A2) 在所述真空腔室中通入气流为48 sccm的Ar气,并保持腔室气压为100Pa,然后起辉;
(A3) 调整节流阀使所述真空腔室保持在120Pa, 施加120W射频功率于腔室内的气体,使其等离子化,并保持等离子体对CZTS薄膜的作用时间为120s。
(4):采用化学水浴法在(3)所得的等离子体处理后的CZTS薄膜表面沉积CdS薄膜,其具体步骤如下:
A、将氯化铬和氯化铵按比例混合,滴加氨水调节pH值为10,搅拌均匀;
B、将(2)所得的CZTS薄膜垂直放入混合溶液中;
C、将混合溶液置于水浴锅中加热至80℃,加入适量的硫脲,保持10min后取出该样品;
D、用去离子水冲洗该样品表面;
(5)采用真空热蒸发法在(4)制得的样品表面沉积金属铝电极,所用铝的直径为1mm,长度为2cm,数量为25,用螺旋状钨舟加热铝丝,所得的‘主’状金属铝电极厚度为200~300nm;
图1为本发明实施例3采用溶胶凝胶法所制备的CZTS薄膜的XRD谱。从图1中可以看出所制备的CZTS薄膜衍射峰很好地对应于锌黄锡矿结构CZTS的标准卡号026-0575。样品出现了(112)、(200)、(220)(312)面的衍射峰,证明CZTS薄膜具有很好的结晶性。
图2为本发明实施例3采用溶胶凝胶法所制备的CZTS薄膜的拉曼光谱。其激发波长为532nm,从图中可以看出,位于284、335、367 cm-1的拉曼峰均可以很清楚地被观测到,这些峰与CZTS的拉曼峰相吻合。
图3为本发明实施例3采用化学水浴法所制备的CdS薄膜的XRD谱。从图中可以看出,此CdS薄膜结晶性良好,XRD谱中仅出现与CdS有关的(111)面择优取向,无任何杂相峰。
图4为本发明实施例3经等离子体处理射频功率分别为0W(untreated)、80W、100W、120W的CZTS/CdS异质结的I-V图。从图中可以看出,样品均表现出一定的整流特性,未经等离子体处理的异质结性能最差,而经等离子体处理过后的异质结性能明显变好。随着等离子体处理射频功率从0W增加到100W,异质结的性能在逐渐变好,而当功率继续增大到120W时,异质结性能相对减弱。其中,当等离子体处理射频功率为100W时,异质结性能最好。
图5为本发明实施例3经等离子体处理射频功率分别为0W(untreated)、80W、100W、120W的CZTS/CdS异质结的整流比统计图。经计算,等离子体处理射频功率分别为0W(untreated)、80W、100W、120W的CZTS/CdS异质结整流比分别为1.11、3.03、38.62、30.20。从折线统计图可以明显看出,随着等离子体处理射频功率从0W增加到100W,异质结的整流比在逐渐增大,而当功率继续增大到120W时,异质结性能相对减弱。其中当等离子体处理射频功率为100W时,异质结的整流比最大。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)选择柔性钼箔作为底电极,在浓硫酸和甲醇体积比1:7的混合溶液中进行清洗,最后用去离子水冲干净并用氮气吹干;
(2)利用溶胶凝胶法在钼箔上制备金属预制层薄膜,其后进行硫化从而得到CZTS薄膜;
(3)将(2)的CZTS薄膜进行等离子体处理,包括以下步骤:
A、将所述CZTS薄膜放置于腔室中,并抽真空至0.1Pa以下;
B、 在所述真空腔室中通入气流为48 sccm的Ar气,并保持腔室气压为100Pa,然后起辉;
C、调整节流阀使所述真空腔室保持在120Pa, 施加80~120W射频功率于腔室内的气体,使其等离子化,并保持等离子体对CZTS薄膜的作用时间为120s;
(4)采用化学水浴法在(3)所得的等离子体处理后的CZTS薄膜表面沉积CdS薄膜;
(5)采用蒸发法在(4)制得的样品表面镀一层铝电极。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的方法提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的方法提高CZTS/CdS异质结整流比的应用,其特征在于:该方法在提高铜锌锡硫薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率中的应用。
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