CN105907715B - 一种日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞来源的外泌体及其应用 - Google Patents
一种日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞来源的外泌体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明通过日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞产生外泌体,并经分离纯化获得外泌体,所述外泌体用于治疗免疫性肠病的小鼠后,其体重变化、疾病活动指数、结肠长度、组织病变、病理组织评分等各项指标显示实验小鼠疾病有明显好转;提示日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞(BMDC)产生的外泌体是具有确切的治疗炎症性肠病的作用。本发明属于生物治疗,可以在很大程度上避免现有的抗炎药物的毒副作用,具有低毒高效的特点,本发明为炎症性肠病的治疗提供了新的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药生物技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞来源的外泌体及其应用。
背景技术
炎症性肠病是一组病因尚不十分清楚的慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)。炎症性肠病是北美和欧洲的常见病,近30年来我国炎症性肠病发病率亦呈逐步增高的趋势。目前对于炎症性肠病的治疗主要为药物治疗,药物治疗主要集中在应用激素和免疫抑制剂,但激素治疗和免疫抑制剂又具有一定的副作用,且会增加患者对于感染和肿瘤的易感性。因此研发一种无毒安全有效的药物治疗炎症性肠病是临床患者的迫切需要。
最近的研究提示,免疫性肠炎的发生可能与T细胞亚群的偏移存在一定关系,因此,从免疫调节方面纠正失衡的免疫应答是治疗免疫性肠病的重要方法,寄生虫感染可诱导宿主产生免疫耐受,调控宿主T细胞亚群的偏移,可能具有治疗免疫性肠病的作用,但是利用寄生虫活虫直接感染患者存在医疗伦理的限制,也存在寄生虫感染致病的风险,但从寄生虫中寻找和发现具有免疫调节作用的虫源性分子如血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA),将其开发为药物则完全可以避免这种风险。
外泌体(exosomes)是细胞主动向胞外分泌的大小均一的囊泡样小体,富含胆固醇和鞘磷脂,是由多囊泡体与细胞膜融合后向胞外分泌的囊泡,具有脂质双分子层结构。几乎所有的外泌体都有微管蛋白、肌动蛋白结合蛋白、四跨膜蛋白。不同细胞来源的外泌体蛋白组成存在差异。最近,外泌体受到了研究者广泛关注,发现其可携带多种蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA,具有抗肿瘤免疫、促血管新生等生理功能并且参与抗原递呈、细胞通讯、细胞迁移、血管新生和肿瘤细胞生长等过程。因此,外泌体有可能成为药物的天然载体,应用于临床治疗。
树突状细胞(DC)是一组分布广泛的、由骨髓来源的、具有迁移能力的免疫细胞,是目前发现的功能最强大的抗原递呈细胞(APC)。已有大量的研究表明,DC在抗肿瘤、抗感染、移植排斥和自身免疫疾病中发挥着重要作用。由于 DC 在抗原摄取、加工、递呈,尤其在激活和维持自身特异性 T 细胞免疫上的关键性作用,有理由相信,随着对 DC 基础研究的不断深入和在临床上的更广泛应用,以 DC为基础的自身免疫治疗将成为临床免疫治疗中十分重要的一种方法,可能使生物治疗真正成为继手术、化疗、放疗之后的又一治疗自身免疫性疾病的有效武器。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞来源的外泌体。
本发明的第二个目的是提供所述外泌体在制备治疗炎症性肠炎的药物中的应用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞来源的外泌体,是通过以下方法获得:收获培养了7天的未成熟的树突状细胞,用日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞,4~48h后收集上清,经分离提纯后即得外泌体。
近几年外泌体的研究非常热门,关于外泌体治疗肿瘤癌症已有相关报道,但这些报道多还是利用母体来源的树突状细胞产生的外泌体治疗,其治疗效果差异大,而本发明直接用血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞,产生外泌体,用刺激获得的外泌体用于治疗炎症性肠病效果突出,而直接用树突状细胞本身产生的外泌体治疗炎症性肠病并没有效果。
优选地,所述日本血吸虫虫卵抗原和树突状细胞的用量比为(40~100)μg/mL:(104~107)个细胞/mL,因此,本发明还提供含有上述外泌体的制剂。
当所述制剂被用于治疗炎症性肠病的药物时,所述制剂还包括药学上可接受的辅剂。
当然制剂的剂型可以是散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、片剂或注射剂。
本发明还提供所述外泌体在制备治疗炎症性肠病的药物中的应用。
优选地,所述炎症性肠病包括累及回肠、直肠、结肠等的各种特发性肠道炎症性疾病,还包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞产生外泌体,并经分离纯化获得外泌体,所述外泌体用于治疗免疫性肠病的小鼠后,其体重变化、疾病活动指数、结肠长度、组织病变、病理组织评分等各项指标显示实验小鼠疾病有明显好转;提示日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞(DC)产生的外泌体是具有确切的治疗炎症性肠病的作用;本发明属于生物治疗,可以在很大程度上避免现有的抗炎药物的毒副作用,具有低毒高效的特点,本发明为炎症性肠病的治疗提供了新的方法。
附图说明
图1为日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome负染透射电镜图片;其为典型的圆形泡状结构,直径范围为30~100nm,提示其为典型的exosome。
图2为日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗炎症性肠病小鼠模型后体重变化情况,如图所示,炎症性肠病小鼠模型经日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗后,其体重与未治疗组相比有明显好转趋势;其中,% ofcontrol是指实验组小鼠的体重与对照组小鼠的体重的比值。
图3为日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗炎症性肠病小鼠模型后疾病活动指数(DAI),如图所示,炎症性肠病小鼠模型经日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗后,疾病活动指数(DAI)评分与未治疗组相比有明显下降趋势(评分越低,效果越好)。
图4为日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗炎症性肠病小鼠模型,结肠大体形态,如图所示,炎症性肠病小鼠模型经日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗后,与未治疗组相比结肠炎症程度明显改善。
图5为日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗炎症性肠病小鼠模型,结肠长度变化,如图所示,炎症性肠病小鼠模型经日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗后,与未治疗组相比结肠长度受疾病影响较轻。
图6为日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗炎症性肠病小鼠模型,结肠组织切片HE染色观察,与未治疗组相比炎症范围、中性粒细胞浸润、隐窝损伤范围、隐窝脓肿、粘膜下水肿、杯状细胞消失、反应性上皮增生减轻。
图7为日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗炎症性肠病小鼠模型的组织病理学评分,与未治疗组相比组织病理学评分降低。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的简单修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围;若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1 日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)的制备方法
解剖日本血吸虫感染的新西兰兔,取出肝脏,去除大血管、胆管及结缔组织,剪成小碎块,置组织捣碎器内,加适量4℃预冷生理盐水,以3000转/min捣碎3次,每次l min,间隔3min。肝脏匀浆分别经50、100、120和140目/英寸分样筛过筛,收集的滤渣重复按上述步骤捣碎,过滤后与上述滤液合并。滤液置玻璃沉淀杯内沉淀l h,负压吸引器吸去上层肝渣悬液(注意避免将底部虫卵吸去,留下管底金黄色虫卵部分,反复水洗沉淀数次,每次沉淀45imn,至上清液清晰为止),先后用100和140目/英寸分样筛过滤去除滤渣,滤过液再次沉淀后将沉淀物置玻璃离心管中,以1000转/min低速离心分层,吸去上层肝糊,反复多次直至呈现金黄色纯净虫卵为止。然后用260目/英寸尼龙绢筛过滤。虫卵冻干,碾碎成粉,粉末溶于PBS中,混匀,4℃静置过夜,第二天离心取上清,BCA检测虫卵抗原SEA的浓度。
实施例2 日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激DC产生外泌体的方法
BALB/c小鼠颈椎脱臼处死后,75%酒精浸泡5min,在无菌条件下取出股骨、胫骨,仔细剔除骨骼表面附着的肌肉和结缔组织,剪去两侧骨骺端以便暴露骨髓腔,用5mL无血清RPMI1640培养基冲洗出骨髓细胞,反复冲洗直至骨变白,收集细胞悬液置于15mL离心管中,1500rpm离心5min,弃上清,沉淀细胞用5mL无血清RPMI1640培养基重悬,1:10的体积比加入37℃预温的红细胞裂解液,反复吹打混匀,置室温2~3min,破红细胞。然后离心PBS洗涤2次,收集沉淀细胞重悬于5mL完全RPMI-1640 DC培养液(含有10mM Hepes,2mM谷胺酰氨,100U/mL青霉素和100U/mL的链霉素,10ng/mLrmGM-CSF,5ng/mLrmIL-4,10%无exosome胎牛血清)中,调整细胞浓度为2×106个/mL,分装细胞于25mL培养瓶中培养,5mL/瓶,37℃、5%CO2培养,每2天半量换液一次,第7天收获悬浮细胞并计数,即为未成熟的骨髓来源树突状细胞(BMDC)。
SEA刺激后外泌体收集时间摸索实验:分别开展了SEA刺激鼠BMDC产生外泌体的量的摸索实验,分别利用1μg/mL、5μg/mL、10μg/mL、20μg/mL、30μg/mL、40μg/mL、50μg/mL、100μg/mL的SEA刺激树突状细胞产生外泌体,结果提示40~100μg/mL SEA刺激树突状细胞产生的外泌体的量较多,其中,50μg/mL SEA刺激树突状细胞产生的外泌体的量最多。
SEA与BMDC细胞的不同比例对外泌体产量的影响:分别利用50μg/mLSEA刺激不同浓度的BMDC细胞(101个/mL、102个/mL、103个/mL、104个/mL、105个/mL、106个/mL、107个/mL、108个/mL、109个/mL、1010个/mL),结果提示50μg/mL SEA刺激104~107个/mL树突状细胞产生的外泌体的量较多,其中,50μg/mL SEA刺激106个/mL树突状细胞产生的外泌体的量最多。
第7天收获悬浮细胞的未成熟的骨髓来源树突状细胞(BMDC),细胞计数,调整细胞浓度为2×106个/mL,培养于六孔板中(胎牛血清须用无exosome胎牛血清),淹没孔2mL,采用日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激,浓度为50μg/mL。刺激24小时后收集培养上清。
收集上清后,2000g离心,去除杂质;以上清:exosome提取试剂(invetrogen)的体积比为2:1混匀,4℃过夜,10000g,4℃离心1小时,小心吸去上清,并用PBS轻轻清洗沉淀表面提取试剂,PBS重悬沉淀即为exosome。分离后,采用透射电镜技术鉴定exosome形状、结构、纯度及大小;粒度仪鉴定exosome粒径分布及纯度;westernblotting鉴定exosome表面分子。
实施例3 实施例2制备的exosome治疗炎症性肠病小鼠模型
采用日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome对炎症性肠病治疗。
1、炎症性肠病(IBD)模型的建立方法
采用利用硫酸葡聚糖钠(Dextran sodium sulphate,DSS)诱导BALB/C小鼠进行炎症性肠病(IBD)模型建模:将DDS溶解于直饮水中,配成3%溶液(W/V),喂养6周龄BALB/C小鼠,从第0天开始喂养,一直到第8天。每天记录小鼠体重变化,收集粪便,观察粪便形状并测隐血便,结合体重变化、隐血便、粪便形状计算小鼠模型疾病活动指数。
利用DSS与BALB/C小鼠构建炎症性肠病小鼠模型,用日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome经腹腔注射进行治疗,实验分组为PBS正常对照组(Water+PBS组)、PBS阴性对照组(DSS+PBS组)、树突状细胞来源exosome治疗组(DSS+N-EXO组)、虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源exosome治疗组(DSS+SEA-EXO组)。建模后,从第0天开始给小鼠exosome治疗,100μg/只/天,对照组给等体积的PBS,每天给药直至第6天。
每日观察和记录指标,每日采用盲法由双人观察小鼠体重变化、大便性状及潜血或便血,用体重变化、大便性状改变和有无便血作为疾病活动指数(diseaseactivityindex,DAI)评价小鼠的症状。潜血检查按联苯胺冰醋酸法进行。小鼠结肠大体观察和测量长度变化,HE染色镜下观察结肠粘膜损害程度和利用Wallace组织学损害评分标准进行炎症浸润程度评价,结果见表1。
组织学损害评分标准,此评分标准考虑到了炎症范围、中性粒细胞浸润、隐窝损伤范围、隐窝脓肿、粘膜下水肿、杯状细胞消失、反应性上皮增生,结果见表2。
实验结果表明,炎症性肠病小鼠模型经日本血吸虫虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激树突状细胞来源的exosome治疗后,体重变化与、疾病活动指数、结肠长度、组织病变、病理组织评分等各项指标显示小鼠炎症性肠病有明显好转。
Claims (5)
1.一种日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞来源的外泌体,其特征在于,是通过以下方法获得:收获培养了7天的未成熟的树突状细胞,用日本血吸虫虫卵抗原刺激树突状细胞,4~48h后收集上清,经分离提纯后即得外泌体;所述日本血吸虫虫卵抗原和树突状细胞的用量比为(40~100)μg/mL:(104~107)个细胞/mL;所述树突状细胞为骨髓来源树突状细胞。
2.含有权利要求1所述外泌体的制剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制剂,其特征在于,还包括药学上可接受的辅剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂的剂型为散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、片剂或注射剂。
5.权利要求1所述外泌体在制备治疗炎症性肠病的药物中的应用。
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