CN105902601A - 酸角壳提取物及其制备方法和降血脂中的应用 - Google Patents
酸角壳提取物及其制备方法和降血脂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105902601A CN105902601A CN201610235306.4A CN201610235306A CN105902601A CN 105902601 A CN105902601 A CN 105902601A CN 201610235306 A CN201610235306 A CN 201610235306A CN 105902601 A CN105902601 A CN 105902601A
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- shell
- tamarindi indicae
- fructus tamarindi
- preparation
- extraction
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种酸角壳提取物及其制备方法和应用。本发明所述的酸角壳提取物,其含有槲皮素、山奈酚、桑色素、芹菜素、柚皮素和木犀草素等成分,能够抑制脂肪酶的活性,降低血脂水平,减轻体重,有效预防、减轻和治疗因肥胖导致的高血脂症及其并发症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物提取物及其制备方法和应用,特别是涉及一种酸角壳提取物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来随着物质生活的丰富,人们的脂肪水平也在逐年上升。过多的脂肪摄入已被认为是导致肥胖、高血脂症、动脉硬化及糖尿病等生活习惯病增加的原因之一。肥胖尽管受遗传因素、饮食因素、生活习惯因素、精神因素、中枢性因素、代谢性因素、运动不足等多种因素的影响,但对多数肥胖者来讲,营养摄取过度引起的体内能量蓄积是其主要原因之一。根椐流行病学调查,与正常人相比,多数肥胖者的体内组织脂肪蓄积异常。此外,高血脂症已被证明是加速全身动脉粥样硬化的主要病因,同时也是脑卒中、冠心病、心肌梗死、心脏猝死等疾病的重要危险因素。由肥胖导致的各种生活习惯病已成为人们十分关注的问题。已知食品中脂肪成分含有的热量最高,过量摄取脂肪是导致肥胖的直接原因。脂肪的吸收需要通过胰脏分泌的脂肪酶的作用,分解成游离脂肪酸后经小肠吸收,在体内再合成中性脂肪被蓄积和利用。中性脂肪在肝脏中过量蓄积会诱发脂肪肝。中性脂肪酸在肝脏中转换成超低密度脂蛋白(Very lowdensity lipoprotein,VLDL)进入血液,血液中过量的VLDL是高脂血症的临床指标之一。高脂血症不仅是动脉硬化的主要病因,还会引起血栓症,以及诱发脑梗塞、心肌梗塞等多种循环系统疾患。对于预防动脉硬化,一般认为通过限制脂肪吸收或促进体内脂肪代谢来减少血液脂质,特别是减少VLDL是非常有效的方法。
酸角(Tamarindus indica Linn.),又名酸豆,是苏木科(Caesalpiniaceae)酸角属(Tamarindus)的一种亚热带常绿大乔木植物。酸角原产于非洲热带,经苏丹引入印度后开始大规模种植,现在全世界热带、南亚热带地区都有引种和栽培,尤以苏丹、印度、印度尼西亚、越南、巴西、泰国、巴基斯坦等国种植最普遍。我国云南、四川、海南、广东、广西、福建、台湾等省(区)南部、中部和北部(金沙江干热河谷)亦有大量种植。酸角果肉可直接食用,或加工成果汁、果酱、糖果、调料、咖喱和冰淇淋等食品及食品添加剂。酸角果肉还具有悠久的药用历史,为非洲、印度、孟加拉国、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦等国的传统常用药,用于治疗糖尿病、高血脂、肥胖、细菌感染等疾病。然而,酸角果肉中含有大量果糖和蔗糖,热量较高,一定程度上也会造成肥胖和血脂升高。
发明内容
基于此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种酸角壳提取物,其能够抑制脂肪酶的活性,有效降低血脂水平。
本发明的另一个目的在于,提供所述酸角壳提取物的制备方法。
本发明的再一个目的在于,提供所述酸角壳提取物在制备降血脂药物、食品中的应用。
一种酸角壳提取物,其含有槲皮素、山奈酚、桑色素、芹菜素、柚皮素和木犀草素等黄酮类化合物。
一种酸角壳提取物的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:取酸角果壳,经粉碎后,采用溶剂提取、超声波提取或微波提取制备而成。
在其中一个实施例中,所述的溶剂提取为水加热回流提取或者含水乙醇加热回流提取;其中,酸角壳与溶剂的质量比为1:5~1:10。
在其中一个实施例中,所述溶剂提取的提取时间为30分钟至24小时。
本发明所述的酸角壳提取物,可用于制备降血脂的药物、食品。
一种降血脂的药物,其活性成分包括有酸角壳提取物。
在其中一个实施例中,所述药物的剂型为颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、滴丸剂、口服液、泡腾片、浸膏剂、糖浆剂、注射剂、缓释剂、控释剂或靶向制剂。
一种降血脂的食品,其包括有酸角壳提取物。
本发明所述的酸角壳提取物,含有大量的黄酮类多酚化合物,而不含果糖、蔗糖等糖类成分,其热量低,还能促进排便,其能够有效降低血脂水平,减轻体重,有效预防、减轻和治疗因肥胖导致的高血脂症及其并发症。动物实验证明,本发明所述的酸角壳提取物能够抑制大鼠肠道脂肪酶的活性,减少食物来源脂肪的分解,减少肠道脂肪的吸收,降低脂肪负荷大鼠血液中的甘油三酯水平,进而达到减轻体重和降低血脂的作用。
具体实施方式
实施例一:酸角壳乙醇提取物的制备
准确称取干燥酸角壳500g,用粉碎机粉碎后回收细粉化的酸角壳,加入10倍量50v/v%的含水乙醇,加热回流提取120分钟,提取液经纱布过滤后,滤饼再用相同条件提取1次,再经纱布过滤,合并两次提取物滤液。滤液回收溶剂,得到酸角壳乙醇提取物浸膏。
实施例二:酸角壳水提取物的制备
准确称取干燥酸角壳500g,用粉碎机粉碎后回收细粉化的酸角壳,加入5倍量的纯化水,加热回流提取120分钟,提取液经纱布过滤后,滤饼再用相同条件提取1次,再经纱布过滤,合并两次提取物滤液。滤液浓缩后,经冷冻干燥,得到酸角壳水提取物浸膏。
实施例三:酸角壳提取物的化学成份分析
取实施例一制得的酸角壳乙醇提取物浸膏240mg,溶于5%甲醇中,采用液相色谱—质谱(LC-MS)法对其化学成份进行分析,其中,液相色谱柱采用Cosmosil 5 C18-MS-II色谱柱(4.6ID×250mm,购自日本半井公司),流动相为甲醇-水(0.2%HCl)。经分析发现,酸角壳提取物中含有大量的黄酮类成分,包括有槲皮素、山奈酚、桑色素、芹菜素、柚皮素和木犀草素等。
取实施例二制得的酸角壳水提取物浸膏,按照上述方法对其化学成分进行分析。经分析发现,酸角壳水提取物中同样含有大量的黄酮类活性化合物,包括有槲皮素、山奈酚、桑色素、芹菜素、柚皮素和木犀草素等。
实施例四:酸角壳提取物的活性成分含量测定
精密称取10.3mg芦丁对照品(购自中国生物制品检定所),置50ml容量瓶中,加入适量甲醇溶解后定容至刻度,制得0.206mg/ml的芦丁对照品溶液。
精密量取芦丁对照品溶液1.0ml、2.0ml、3.0ml、4.0ml、5.0ml、6.0ml、7.0ml与8.0ml,分别置于25ml量瓶中,各加水至8.0ml,分别加入5%亚硝酸钠溶液1.0ml,摇匀后放置6min,再分别加入10%硝酸铝溶液1.0ml,摇匀后放置6min,再分别加入1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液10.0ml,然后分别加水定容至刻度,摇匀后放置15min,以相应的试剂为空白对照,采用紫外可见分光光度计在510nm处测定各溶液的吸光度。以各溶液的浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,所得的线性回归方程为A=0.46197411m-0.00675(r=0.9995),其中m为溶液浓度,A为溶液吸光度。
分别称取酸角壳粉末6份,其中3份按照实施例一的方法制备酸角壳乙醇提取物浸膏,另外3份按照实施例二的方法制备酸角壳水提取物浸膏。分别将制得的浸膏置于10ml容量瓶中,加入甲醇溶解并定容至刻度。分别精密量取1.0ml溶液置于10ml容量瓶中,加入甲醇定容至刻度,再分别精密量取1.0ml置于10ml容量瓶中,加入甲醇定容至刻度,再分别精密量取3.0ml置于25ml容量瓶中,然后分别加入5%亚硝酸钠溶液1.0ml,摇匀后放置6min,再分别加入10%硝酸铝溶液1.0ml,摇匀后放置6min,再分别加入1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液10.0ml,然后分别加水定容至刻度,摇匀后放置15min,以相应的试剂为空白对照,采用紫外可见分光光度计在510nm处测定各溶液的吸光度。根据上述的标准曲线计算各样品溶液中的芦丁含量,结果如表一所示。
实验结果表明,酸角壳提取物中含有大量的黄酮类活性成分,黄酮类化合物的总含量在6.0w/w%以上,且乙醇的提取率略高于水的提取率。
表一 酸角壳提取物的活性成分含量测定值
实施例五:酸角壳提取物对大鼠小肠内脂肪酶(lipase)活性的影响
实验动物采用雄性、体重200~240g的SPE级7周龄SD大鼠(购自广东省医学实验动物中心,许可证号SCXK(粤)2013-0002)。实验动物在清洁级层流架中饲养,环境温度为23±2℃,相对湿度为75±10%,照明时间为12小时/天(7:00~19:00)。
实验动物随机分为对照组、酸角壳乙醇提取物50mg/kg组、酸角壳乙醇提取物100mg/kg组、酸角壳乙醇提取物200mg/kg组以及酸角壳水提取物200mg/kg组,每组8只。于实验开始前禁食12小时,各给药组经灌胃给药,对照组灌胃给等体积蒸馏水。给药30分钟后,实验动物经戊巴比妥钠麻醉后开腹,取出小肠从上端起均分三等份,记为小肠-1、小肠-2和小肠-3,分别将肠内容物取出置于盖玻片上,并取下小肠内粘膜置于载玻片上。分别测定不同部位的小肠内粘膜及肠内容物中的脂肪酶活性,同时测定其蛋白质含量,并计算和比较同等蛋白质量中的酶活性。实验数据以Mean±S.E.M表示,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理,采用ANOVA检验进行统计学分析,p<0.05有统计学意义。
实验结果如表二、表三所示,小肠管腔内容物中的脂肪酶活性远远高于小肠粘膜中的脂肪酶活性,不同剂量的酸角壳提取物对小肠管腔内的脂肪酶的活性均有显著的抑制作用,并显示出明显的量效关系,其中,100mg/kg酸角壳提取物的脂肪酶抑制率为48%,200mg/kg酸角壳提取物的脂肪酶抑制率为72%。酸角壳乙醇提取物和水提取物对脂肪酶活性的抑制作用没有显著差异。
表二 实验动物小肠内粘膜中脂肪酶活性的测定(U/mg蛋白质)
注:*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,与对照组相比有统计学差异。
表三 实验动物小肠管腔内容物中脂肪酶活性的测定(U/mg蛋白质)
注:*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,与对照组相比有统计学差异。
实施例六:酸角壳提取物对脂肪负荷大鼠血液中甘油三酯(TG)水平的影响
实验动物采用雄性、体重200~240g的SPE级7周龄SD大鼠(购自广东省医学实验动物中心,许可证号SCXK(粤)2013-0002)。实验动物在清洁级层流架中饲养,环境温度为23±2℃,相对湿度为75±10%,照明时间为12小时/天(7:00~19:00)。
实验动物随机分为对照组、酸角壳乙醇提取物100mg/kg组、酸角壳乙醇提取物200mg/kg组、酸角壳水提取物100mg/kg组以及酸角壳水提取物200mg/kg组,每组8只。于实验开始前禁食12小时,各给药组经灌胃给药,对照组灌胃给等体积蒸馏水。给药30分钟后,分别灌胃给予5ml/kg橄榄油,并分别于橄榄油负荷前、蔗糖负荷后2、4、6、8小时的不同时间点经尾静脉取血,测定其不同时间的甘油三酯水平。实验数据以Mean±S.E.M表示,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理,采用ANOVA检验进行统计学分析,p<0.05有统计学意义。
实验结果如表四所示,给予大鼠5ml/kg橄榄油后,血液中的甘油三酯水平显著升高,并在6小时后达到峰值,随后逐渐下降,不同剂量的酸角壳乙醇提取物和水提取物均能在一定程度上抑制TG值的上升,乙醇提取物与水提物之间没有明显差异。
表四 实验大鼠于蔗糖负荷后的血糖水平测定值(mmol/L)
注:*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,与对照组相比有统计学差异。
实施例七:酸角壳提取物对高糖、高脂饮食大鼠体重的影响
实验动物采用雄性、体重200~240g的SPE级7周龄SD大鼠(购自广东省医学实验动物中心,许可证号SCXK(粤)2013-0002)。实验动物在清洁级层流架中饲养,环境温度为23±2℃,相对湿度为75±10%,照明时间为12小时/天(7:00~19:00)。
实验动物随机分为对照组、酸角壳乙醇提取物100mg/kg组、酸角壳乙醇提取物200mg/kg组、酸角壳水提取物100mg/kg组以及酸角壳水提取物200mg/kg组,每组10只。喂养饲料为含猪油10%、胆固醇2%、蛋黄粉5%、丙基硫氧嘧啶0.2%、蔗糖10%、基础饲料72.8%的高糖高脂肪饲料。各给药组每天灌胃给药一次,对照组灌胃给等体积蒸馏水,实验持续24天。实验期间每天测定并记录大鼠的体重。实验数据以Mean±S.E.M表示,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理,采用ANOVA检验进行统计学分析,p<0.05有统计学意义。
实验结果如表五所示,连续给予高糖、高脂饮食24天后,实验大鼠的体重明显增加,与对照组相比,给予酸角壳乙醇提取物或水提取物均能显著抑制大鼠体重增加。
表五 高糖、高脂饮食大鼠体重的影响(g)
注:**表示P<0.01,与对照组相比有统计学差异。
实施例八:酸角壳提取物的应用
本发明所述的酸角壳提取物,可用于制备降血脂、减肥的药品或保健食品,用以预防、减轻和治疗因肥胖导致的高血脂症及其并发症。
本发明所述的酸角壳提取物,可以制备成多种药物制剂,包括颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、滴丸剂、口服液、泡腾片、浸膏剂、糖浆剂、注射剂、缓释剂、控释剂或靶向制剂等。酸角壳提取物的药物制剂中,可以采用常规的赋形剂、润滑剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、着色剂、甜味剂等添加剂。其中,优选的赋形剂有乳糖、白糖、D-甘露醇、淀粉、结晶纤维素等;优选的润滑剂有硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、滑石粉等;优选的抗氧化剂有亚硫酸盐、抗坏血酸等;优选的防腐剂有二羟基乙酸、氯丁醇等。
本发明所述的酸角壳提取物为酸角壳的活性提取物,在实际应用中,酸角壳的原料、粉末制品等,同样可以用于制备降血脂、减肥的药品或保健食品。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种酸角壳提取物,其含有槲皮素、山奈酚、桑色素、芹菜素、柚皮素和木犀草素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的酸角壳提取物,其特征在于:所述的酸角壳提取物由酸角果壳经粉碎后,采用溶剂提取、超声波提取或微波提取制备而成。
3.一种酸角壳提取物的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:取酸角果壳,经粉碎后,采用溶剂提取、超声波提取或微波提取制备而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的溶剂提取为水加热回流提取或者含水乙醇加热回流提取;其中,酸角壳与溶剂的质量比为1:5~1:10。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂提取的提取时间为30分钟至24小时。
6.酸角壳提取物在制备用于降血脂的药物、食品中的应用。
7.一种降血脂的药物,其特征在于:其活性成分包括有酸角壳提取物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于:所述药物的剂型为颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、滴丸剂、口服液、泡腾片、浸膏剂、糖浆剂、注射剂、缓释剂、控释剂或靶向制剂。
9.一种降血脂的食品,其特征在于:其包括有酸角壳提取物。
10.酸角壳提取物在制备用于减肥的药物、食品中的应用。
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