CN105862418B - 一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105862418B
CN105862418B CN201610461059.XA CN201610461059A CN105862418B CN 105862418 B CN105862418 B CN 105862418B CN 201610461059 A CN201610461059 A CN 201610461059A CN 105862418 B CN105862418 B CN 105862418B
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邱新斌
邱明
邱一明
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JIANGSU DEBANG SANITARY PRODUCTS CO LTD
Nantong University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其工艺步骤为:聚丙烯非织造的等离子体处理,使纤维表面产生自由基或离子基团。把处理过的织物浸入到丙烯酸溶液中10‑120min后,在聚丙烯非织造布表面引入聚丙烯酸。将接枝后的反应聚丙烯非织造布浸渍在纳米银胶体中,纳米银为复合蛋白溶液制备的纳米银胶体。经过烘干后处理,即得到所述的纳米银抗菌聚丙烯非织造布。本发明采用对涤纶进行表面结构修饰的方法,使其对纳米银粒子或银离子的吸附能力增强,吸附量明显增大,纳米银可长期附着、不易流失;获得的聚丙烯非织造布显示出优异的抗菌性能。

Description

一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法,属于非织造后整理技术领域。
背景技术
聚丙烯纤维具有质量轻、强度高、保暖性好、抗污、抗霉变、耐磨、耐化学腐蚀等优点,且原料价格低廉,对于纺织行业具有很强的吸引力。由其制成的非织造布因其制备工艺流程短、产量大、成本低、撕裂强度高等优点在一次性医疗、保健、卫生和超净化环境用品中占有较高的市场份额。作为医疗卫生用品,提高聚丙烯非织造布的抗菌性能具有重要的现实意义。
聚丙烯为非极性分子结构,结晶度高,结构紧密且分子中无亲水基团,这些都影响了对聚丙烯非织造布进行后整理的可能性。采用常压等离子辉光放电处理聚丙烯薄材料,以提高其表面极性是聚丙烯材料常用的改性方法。
近年来,纳米技术迅猛发展,一些纳米无机抗菌剂因具备显著的广谱抗菌性能而被应用于纺织服装领域,其中银系抗菌剂因抗菌能力强,效果持久、安全性良好,被大量用于纺织品抗菌整理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供:一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法,采用对聚丙烯进行表面结构修饰的方法,使其对纳米银粒子或银离子的吸附能力增强,吸附量明显增大,纳米银可长期附着、不易流失;获得的聚丙烯非织造布显示出优异的抗菌性能
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其工艺包括以下步骤:步骤一,聚丙烯非织造布的处理;步骤二,介质处理;步骤三,水浴加热洗涤并干燥;步骤四,水浴浸泡;步骤五,浸轧处理;
(1)聚丙烯非织造布的处理:将样品用无水乙醇浸泡1h,超声波洗涤0.5h,再用去离子水反复清洗,除去样品表面杂质,烘干后后备用。
(2)采用常压等离子体APP-350型混合处理设备,将非织造布放置在电极板间,施加电压,利用极板间的空气介质进行处理;设定等离子体处理仪的功率和处理时间分别为50-150W和10-30S。
(3)将处理后的聚丙烯非织造布分别在浓度为50%-100%的聚丙烯酸溶液中进行反应,放在水浴器中进行加热,加热温度设置为30-65℃,接枝时间10-60min。将反应后的聚丙烯非织造布用清水洗涤,以除去残留的丙烯酸单体,洗涤后再用烘箱干燥。
(4)将1-5g接枝后的聚丙烯非织造布放置于20-50ml浓度为0.01-1wt%的硝酸银水溶液中,30-60℃水浴锅中浸泡5-20min。
(5)按浴比1∶20-1∶40,将经步骤(4)处理后的聚丙烯非织造布置于复合蛋白水溶液中在30-60℃的温度条件下进行浸轧处理,取出后水洗、烘干或晾干,得到一种纳米银的抗菌聚丙烯非织造布。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案,所述的复合蛋白水溶液的制备方法为:将一定质量蛋白质溶解于水中配制成蛋白液,在蛋白液溶液中加入一定量的氨基化超支化聚合物;蛋白液的浓度为2-6g/L,超支化聚合物的浓度为1-4g/L。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明采用对聚丙烯进行表面结构修饰的方法,使其对纳米银粒子或银离子的吸附能力增强,吸附量明显增大,纳米银可长期附着、不易流失;获得的聚丙烯非织造布显示出优异的抗菌性能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其工艺包括以下步骤:步骤一,聚丙烯非织造布的处理;步骤二,介质处理;步骤三,水浴加热洗涤并干燥;步骤四,水浴浸泡;步骤五,浸轧处理;
(1)聚丙烯非织造布的处理:将样品用无水乙醇浸泡1h,超声波洗涤0.5h,再用去离子水反复清洗,除去样品表面杂质,烘干后后备用。
(2)采用常压等离子体APP-350型混合处理设备,将非织造布放置在电极板间,施加电压,利用极板间的空气介质进行处理;设定等离子体处理仪的功率和处理时间分别为50-150W和10-30S。
(3)将处理后的聚丙烯非织造布分别在浓度为50%-100%的聚丙烯酸溶液中进行反应,放在水浴器中进行加热,加热温度设置为30-65℃,接枝时间10-60min。将反应后的聚丙烯非织造布用清水洗涤,以除去残留的丙烯酸单体,洗涤后再用烘箱干燥。
(4)将1-5g接枝后的聚丙烯非织造布放置于20-50ml浓度为0.01-1wt%的硝酸银水溶液中,30-60℃水浴锅中浸泡5-20min。
(5)按浴比1∶20-1∶40,将经步骤(4)处理后的聚丙烯非织造布置于复合蛋白水溶液中在30-60℃的温度条件下进行浸轧处理,取出后水洗、烘干或晾干,得到一种纳米银的抗菌聚丙烯非织造布。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案,所述的复合蛋白水溶液的制备方法为:将一定质量蛋白质溶解于水中配制成蛋白液,在蛋白液溶液中加入一定量的氨基化超支化聚合物;蛋白液的浓度为2-6g/L,超支化聚合物的浓度为1-4g/L。
本发明所述的聚丙烯非织造布包括采用纺粘、熔喷、热轧等方法加工成的非织造布。
所述的蛋白是丝素蛋白质或丝胶蛋白质。
所述的端氨基超支化合物为现有技术提供的产品,由丁二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、环丁酸酐、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸中的一种与多胺基单体乙二胺、二乙烯基三胺、三乙烯基四胺、四乙烯基五胺、五乙烯基六胺合成。
本发明首先采用等离子处理聚丙烯非织造布,以高能粒子轰击聚丙烯非织造布的表面引入活性自由基,将处理后的聚丙烯非织造布与丙烯酸发生反应,使聚丙烯非织造布表面接枝上羧基,由于羧基为极性基团,从而使得聚丙烯非织造布具有亲水性。再通过两步浸渍法,先后采用硝酸银溶液和复合蛋白提取物对聚丙烯非织造布进行浸轧处理,依次实现聚丙烯非织造表面和纤维内部对银离子的吸附固定、原位生长和还原,从而实现聚丙烯非织造布的长效抗菌功能和良好耐洗性能。
实施例1,
将剪裁好10×10cm的待处理熔喷PP非织造布放置在无水乙醇中浸泡10min,接着使用超声波洗涤,以去除材料表面的油污和加工杂质。完全洗涤后放置于洁净容器内,置于烘箱中65℃条件下烘干。采用常压等离子体APP-350型混合处理设备对PP非织造材料进行等离子体处理。设备采用氩气为载气,气体流量控制在1.5,电容耦合式电极板配置。使用的是150V电压,处理时间有120s。
将处理后的聚丙烯非织造布分别在浓度为50%的聚丙烯溶液中进行反应,放在水浴器中进行加热,加热温度设置为65℃,接枝20min。进一步将2接枝后的聚丙烯非织造布放置于40ml浓度为1wt%的硝酸银水溶液中,60℃水浴锅中浸泡20min。取出转移至2g/L的丝素和2g/L的超支化聚合物分散液中,60℃条件下浸轧处理120min,取出水洗、烘干或晾干,得到原位生成纳米银的抗菌聚丙烯非织造布。
实施例2,
将聚丙烯非织造布经过等离子接枝处理后,得到亲水性的聚丙烯非织造布。
1g丝素蛋白和1g氨基超支化聚合物溶解在50ml水中,逐滴滴入0.5ml硝酸银溶液(浓度0.1mol/L),滴加完后于60℃下水浴锅震荡20min,得到金黄色的纳米银-丝素蛋白复合水溶液。
把以上得到的聚丙烯无纺布放入过程2中的整理液,渍处理60分钟,浸渍温度60℃,然后将织物置于烘箱中80℃预烘5min,并于100℃焙烘3min,取出后于自来水中清洗1min,室温晾干,得到纳米银抗菌聚丙烯非织造布。
经检测纳米银聚丙烯非织造布对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到90%以上。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (1)

1.一种聚丙烯抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其工艺包括以下步骤:步骤一,聚丙烯非织造布的处理;步骤二,介质处理;步骤三,水浴加热洗涤并干燥;步骤四,水浴浸泡;步骤五,浸轧处理;其特征在于:
其中在所述的步骤一中,将样品用无水乙醇浸泡1h,超声波洗涤0.5h,再用去离子水反复清洗,除去样品表面杂质,烘干后后备用;
其中在所述的步骤二中,采用常压等离子体APP-350型混合处理设备,将非织造布放置在电极板间,施加电压,利用极板间的空气介质进行处理;设定等离子体处理仪的功率和处理时间分别为50-150W和10-30S;
其中在所述的步骤三中,将步骤二处理后的聚丙烯非织造布分别在浓度为50%-100%的聚丙烯酸溶液中进行反应,放在水浴器中进行加热,加热温度设置为30-65℃,接枝时间10-60min;将反应后的聚丙烯非织造布用清水洗涤,以除去残留的丙烯酸单体,洗涤后再用烘箱干燥;
其中在所述的步骤四中,将1-5g接枝后的聚丙烯非织造布放置于20-50ml浓度为0.01-1wt%的硝酸银水溶液中,30-60℃水浴锅中浸泡5-20min;
其中在所述的步骤五中,按浴比1∶20-1∶40,将经步骤四处理后的聚丙烯非织造布置于复合蛋白水溶液中在30-60℃的温度条件下进行浸轧处理,取出后水洗、烘干或晾干,得到一种纳米银的抗菌聚丙烯非织造布;
所述的复合蛋白水溶液的制备方法为:将一定质量蛋白质溶解于水中配制成蛋白液,在蛋白液溶液中加入一定量的氨基化超支化聚合物;蛋白液的浓度为2-6g/L,超支化聚合物的浓度为1-4g/L;其中,所述的蛋白是丝素蛋白质或丝胶蛋白质;所述的端氨基超支化合物为丁二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、环丁酸酐、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸中的一种与多胺基单体乙二胺、二乙烯基三胺、三乙烯基四胺、四乙烯基五胺、五乙烯基六胺合成。
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