CN105853942A - 用于治疗精神分裂的药物制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗精神分裂的药物制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105853942A CN105853942A CN201610461927.4A CN201610461927A CN105853942A CN 105853942 A CN105853942 A CN 105853942A CN 201610461927 A CN201610461927 A CN 201610461927A CN 105853942 A CN105853942 A CN 105853942A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于精神分裂的药物制剂,其由下述原料制备而得:喹硫平15kg,淀粉22kg,羧甲基淀粉钠2.5kg,中药成分10kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素1.5kg,85%(体积比)乙醇28kg,硬脂酸镁0.8kg,取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。本发明的药物制剂对精神分裂症标本兼治、大大降低了西药成分喹硫平的用量,降低了毒副作用、有效率高,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药药物制剂技术领域,具体的,涉及一种用于治疗精神分裂的药物制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
精神分裂症是由一组症状群所组成的临床综合征,它是多因素的疾病。尽管目前对其病因的认识尚不很明确,但个体心理的易感素质和外部社会环境的不良因素对疾病的发生发展的作用已被大家所共识。无论是易感素质还是外部不良因素都可能通过内在生物学因素共同作用而导致疾病的发生,不同患者其发病的因素可能以某一方面较为重要。
精神分裂症的临床症状复杂多样,可涉及感知觉、思维、情感、意志行为及认知功能等方面,个体之间症状差异很大,即使同一患者在不同阶段或病期也可能表现出不同症状。(1)感知觉障碍 精神分裂症可出现多种感知觉障碍,最突出的感知觉障碍是幻觉,包括幻听、幻视、幻嗅、幻味及幻触等,而幻听最为常见。(2)思维障碍 思维障碍是精神分裂症的核心症状,主要包括思维形式障碍和思维内容障碍。思维形式障碍是以思维联想过程障碍为主要表现的,包括思维联想活动过程(量、速度及形式)、思维联想连贯性及逻辑性等方面的障碍。妄想是最常见、最重要的思维内容障碍。最常出现的妄想有被害妄想、关系妄想、影响妄想、嫉妒妄想、夸大妄想、非血统妄想等。据估计,高达80%的精神分裂症患者存在被害妄想,被害妄想可以表现为不同程度的不安全感,如被监视、被排斥、担心被投药或被谋杀等,在妄想影响下患者会做出防御或攻击性行为,此外,被动体验在部分患者身上也较为突出,对患者的思维、情感及行为产生影响。(3)情感障碍 情感淡漠及情感反应不协调是精神分裂症患者最常见的情感症状,此外,不协调性兴奋、易激惹、抑郁及焦虑等情感症状也较常见。(4)意志和行为障碍 多数患者的意志减退甚至缺乏,表现为活动减少、离群独处,行为被动,缺乏应有的积极性和主动性,对工作和学习兴趣减退,不关心前途,对将来没有明确打算,某些患者可能有一些计划和打算,但很少执行。(5)认知功能障碍 在精神分裂症患者中认知缺陷的发生率高,约85%患者出现认知功能障碍,如信息处理和选择性注意、工作记忆、短时记忆和学习、执行功能等认知缺陷。认知缺陷症状与其他精神病性症状之间存在一定相关性,如思维形式障碍明显患者的认知缺陷症状更明显,阴性症状明显患者的认知缺陷症状更明显,认知缺陷可能与某些阳性症状的产生有关等。认知缺陷可能发生于精神病性症状明朗化之前(如前驱期),或者随着精神病性症状的出现而急剧下降,或者是随着病程延长而逐步衰退,初步认为慢性精神分裂症患者比首发精神分裂症患者的认知缺陷更明显。
目前国内外治疗精神分裂症西药以镇静、安眠之作用来实现对异常症状的控制,一般推荐第二代(非典型)抗精神病药物如利培酮、奥氮平、喹硫平等作为一线药物选用。第一代及非典型抗精神病药物的氯氮平作为二线药物使用。部分急性期患者或疗效欠佳患者可以合用电抽搐治疗。这些药物在治疗中有一定的治疗效果,但难以巩固疗效从而导致复发率极高的现象。由此造成了服药易、停药难,镇静易,康复难,毒副作用大的普遍现状,同时这些药物副作用大,对大脑及心、肝、肾功能有一定的危害。现有的中成药组方简单,疗效差,尚不能成为治疗精神分裂症的主流药物。
精神病在祖国医学中,属于神志病的范畴。本病的病因在中医经典著作内早有论述,如《生气通天论篇》说:阴不胜其阳,则脉流薄疾,并乃狂。《素问,宣明五气论篇》说:邪入于阳则狂,邪入于阴则痹,搏阳则为癫疾。《难经二十难》说:重阳者狂,重阴者癫。《诸病原侯论风狂病候》说:气并阳则狂发。本病用“癫”、“狂”命名,是因其“正性癫倒,狂不识人”,也即现代医学“躁狂型”与“忧郁型”都是由精神刺激而引起的,以致失去理智的控制,不能进行正确地思维、语言错乱、精神失常、癔病、躁狂、登高而歌、弃衣奔走等临床表现。祖国医学认为,天有日、月、星,人有精、气、神,“得神者昌,逆神者亡”,神即人体生命活动的总称,也是精神意识,思维活动以及脏腑、精气、血与津液功能活动的外在表现的高度概括.这就是说,人的气血、津液、思维活动的循环规律,源于自身的调节,而自身调节功能长期失调,则会导致精神的异常。
本发明的目的是提供一种标本兼治、副作用小、安全方便、价格低廉的用于精神分裂的药物制剂及其制备方法。其目的是为了解决精神分裂症,克服西药毒副作用大,停药易反复,治疗效果不显著的问题,达到标本兼治的目的。
发明内容
本申请发明人基于现有的治疗精神分裂症的药物存在的缺陷,通过对传统中药的研究,并结合辩证论证,多方收集众家之长,寻求最佳治疗方案,从祖国医学宝库中,筛选出健脾化痰,养阴生津,疏风解表,的天然中药,按中医理论组方,提取精华,本发明药物制剂经系统研究、科学配伍,对精神分裂症疗效显著。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于精神分裂的药物制剂,其特征在于,由下述原料制备而得:
喹硫平15kg,淀粉22kg,羧甲基淀粉钠2.5kg,中药成分10kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素1.5kg,85%(体积比)乙醇28kg,硬脂酸镁0.8kg。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
所述中药成分,由下述原料制备而得:
白芍、大黄、麦冬、牡丹皮、远志、朱砂、党参、何首乌、黄柏、地龙、茯神、乌梅、百合、丹参、郁金、黄连、夜交藤、龙胆草、鸡内金、厚朴、苍术、陈皮、女贞子、薏苡仁、淡竹叶、 柏子仁、枳壳、桂枝。
优选地,由下述重量的原料制备而得:
白芍35份、大黄35份、麦冬35份、牡丹皮33份、远志30份、
朱砂30份、党参30份、何首乌30份、黄柏28份、地龙28份、
茯神27份、乌梅27份、百合25份、丹参25份、郁金25份、
黄连25份、夜交藤25份、龙胆草25份、鸡内金22份、厚朴22份、
苍术20份、陈皮20份、女贞子20份、薏苡仁20份、淡竹叶15份、
柏子仁15份、枳壳15份、桂枝10份。
所述药物制剂制备方法为:
(1) 醇提:取大黄、远志、黄柏、地龙、丹参、郁金、黄连、夜交藤、鸡内金、女贞子、枳壳按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3倍量95%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.25g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为成分A;
(2)煎煮:取白芍、麦冬、党参、何首乌、乌梅、百合、苍术、薏苡仁、淡竹叶加4倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次提取液,将提取液减压干燥获得密度为1.25g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为成分B;
(3)粉碎:取朱砂、茯神、龙胆草、厚朴、陈皮粉碎过100目筛,获得成分C;
(4) 水蒸气蒸馏,取牡丹皮、柏子仁、桂枝采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取有效成分,加入10%氯化钠溶液作为提取溶剂,制备蒸馏液,将蒸馏液加入1mol/L盐酸溶液使结晶,制备成分D;
(5)均匀混合成分A、B、C、D,灭菌消毒即得。
本发明中药调和阴阳,疏风解表,宁心安神,养血补心、安神定志、涤痰开窍滋补肝肾,对精神分裂症有确切疗效,副作用小。补气血,养心肾。
用法用量:口服,一日2次。
注意:高血压患者忌服,温开水送服。服药期间忌食辛辣及寒凉食物,避免情志刺激,生活要有规律。
本发明用于精神分裂症的中成药优良效果在于:
1.本发明的中药制剂配伍符合中药“君臣佐使”原则,由纯中药制成,各组分符合药政法规定,利用各味中药的综合作用,不含化工成分,不含激素,无毒副作用,表里兼治,达到更好的滋阴补肾、养心安神作用;
2.该药剂疗程短,总有效率高,愈后不易复发。
3.本发明的工艺简单,降低了生产成本,减轻了患者的经济负担。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于精神分裂的药物制剂,其特征在于,由下述原料制备而得:
喹硫平15kg,淀粉22kg,羧甲基淀粉钠2.5kg,中药成分10kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素1.5kg,85%(体积比)乙醇28kg,硬脂酸镁0.8kg。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
所述中药成分,由下述重量的原料制备而得:
白芍35份、大黄35份、麦冬35份、牡丹皮33份、远志30份、
朱砂30份、党参30份、何首乌30份、黄柏28份、地龙28份、
茯神27份、乌梅27份、百合25份、丹参25份、郁金25份、
黄连25份、夜交藤25份、龙胆草25份、鸡内金22份、厚朴22份、
苍术20份、陈皮20份、女贞子20份、薏苡仁20份、淡竹叶15份、
柏子仁15份、枳壳15份、桂枝10份。
所述中药成分的制备方法为:
(1) 醇提:取大黄、远志、黄柏、地龙、丹参、郁金、黄连、夜交藤、鸡内金、女贞子、枳壳按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物3倍量95%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,滤液合并,浓缩至密度为1.25g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为成分A;
(2)煎煮:取白芍、麦冬、党参、何首乌、乌梅、百合、苍术、薏苡仁、淡竹叶加4倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次提取液,将提取液减压干燥获得密度为1.25g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为成分B;
(3)粉碎:取朱砂、茯神、龙胆草、厚朴、陈皮粉碎过100目,筛获得成分C;
(4) 水蒸气蒸馏,取牡丹皮、柏子仁、桂枝采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取有效成分,加入10%氯化钠溶液作为提取溶剂,制备蒸馏液,将蒸馏液加入1mol/L盐酸溶液使结晶,制备成分D;
(5)均匀混合成分A、B、C、D,灭菌消毒即得。
本发明中药调和阴阳,疏风解表,宁心安神,养血补心、安神定志、涤痰开窍滋补肝肾,对精神分裂症有确切疗效,副作用小。补气血,养心肾。
用法用量:口服,一日2次。
实施例2
急性毒性实验:应用小鼠40只,雌雄各半,体重30~40g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组和给药组,每组20只,实验前禁食12小时,给药组给予本发明的实施例1制备的药物制剂溶解在水中灌胃给药(灌胃单次给药剂量为30g生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察两星期,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。因此本发明药物制剂急性毒性极低,临床用药安全。
长期毒性实验:将实施例1制备的药物制剂对小鼠连续用药10周及停药3周后,结果表明:本发明中药对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药10周及停药3周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明药物制剂对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
实施例3
临床资料选取98例临床患者,其中男性41人,女性57人,年龄最小者19岁,最大者63岁,病程最短者三个月,最长者10年。其中,患精神分裂症77例,患躁狂症21例。随机分成两组,每组49人,实施例1组和对照组,两组患者性别、年龄、病程、经统计学处理,无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
诊断标准:急性期:精神兴奋,彻夜不眠,头痛躁狂,两目怒视,面红耳赤,躁狂症多不避亲疏,狂乱莫制,骂人毁物,逾坦上屋,高歌狂呼,久病则阳性症状稍缓,神呆,语无伦次,多话,多动,惊恐不安,烦燥失眠,舌红苔黄或舌红无苔或花苔,脉象滑数有力或脉细数。
疗效判定标准:
痊愈:语言、举止、神情均恢复正常,能正常处理日常事务。
显效:症状消失,语言、举止基本正常,能做简单家务,生活能够自理。
有效:神情安定,语言、举止基本正常或有所改善,有精神刺激时神情不稳定。
无效:语言、举止、神情均无好转。
治疗方法:实施例1组给予实施例1制备的药物制剂,第1天开始每次口服一片,每天2次,第2天每次两片,每天2次,第3天4片,每天2次,第4天6片,每天2次,后遵医嘱。治疗时间为两个月。
对照组给予喹硫平,第1天开始每次口服25mg喹硫平,每天2次,第2天50mg,每天2次,第3天100mg,每天2次,第4天150mg,每天2次,后遵医嘱。治疗时间为两个月。
两组患者均配合体针治疗。两组治疗前后效果比较见表1:
表1
组别 | 例次 | 痊愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) |
对照组 | 49 | 19 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 85.7 |
实施例1组 | 49 | 26 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 95.9 |
实施例4
典型实施例
陈某,女,41岁。患者出现精神分裂症症状1年有余,主要表现为日常活动失去兴趣,情感淡漠,经常做噩梦、失眠。曾在一家精神分裂症医院进行治疗,服用氯氮平和舒必利,症状并没有很好的控制住。后给予实施例1制备的药物制剂予以治疗,同时家属配以必要的心理呵护与辅导,2个月后,患者精神状况明显改善,同时做噩梦、失眠次数减少,继续服用1个月后,病情已经得到巩固,患者可进行正常的生活和工作。随访至今无复发。
本发明采用的上述各中药组分互作配伍,能发挥其协同治病作用,所用中药原料各成分之间具有药效相互交织相互促进和协调效能,经临床验证,对精神分裂症有很好的治疗效果,本申请人多年的医疗实践中,治愈的病例数目众多,均取得良好的效果,而且成本低廉,减轻患者的负担,具有广阔的应用前景。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于精神分裂的药物制剂,其特征在于,由下述原料制备而得:
喹硫平15kg,淀粉22kg,羧甲基淀粉钠2.5kg,中药成分10kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素1.5kg,85%(体积比)乙醇28kg,硬脂酸镁0.8kg,取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述中药成分的制备方法为:
(1) 醇提:取大黄、远志、黄柏、地龙、丹参、郁金、黄连、夜交藤、鸡内金、女贞子、枳壳混合,加相对于混合物3倍重量95%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.25g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为成分A;
(2)煎煮:取白芍、麦冬、党参、何首乌、乌梅、百合、苍术、薏苡仁、淡竹叶,混合,加4倍重量的水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次提取液,将提取液减压干燥获得密度为1.25g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为成分B;
(3)粉碎:取朱砂、茯神、龙胆草、厚朴、陈皮,混合,粉碎过100目筛,获得成分C;
(4)水蒸气蒸馏:取牡丹皮、柏子仁、桂枝,混合,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取有效成分D;
(5)灭菌消毒:均匀混合成分A、B、C、D,灭菌消毒即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述中药成分的重量配比为:
白芍35份、大黄35份、麦冬35份、牡丹皮33份、远志30份、
朱砂30份、党参30份、何首乌30份、黄柏28份、地龙28份、
茯神27份、乌梅27份、百合25份、丹参25份、郁金25份、
黄连25份、夜交藤25份、龙胆草25份、鸡内金22份、厚朴22份、
苍术20份、陈皮20份、女贞子20份、薏苡仁20份、淡竹叶15份、
柏子仁15份、枳壳15份、桂枝10份。
4.权利要求1-3所述药物制剂用于精神分裂的用途。
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