CN105769789A - 用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105769789A CN105769789A CN201610142500.8A CN201610142500A CN105769789A CN 105769789 A CN105769789 A CN 105769789A CN 201610142500 A CN201610142500 A CN 201610142500A CN 105769789 A CN105769789 A CN 105769789A
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- clozapine
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片,其由下述原料制备而得:氯氮平25kg,淀粉28kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素2kg,50%(体积比)乙醇30kg,硬脂酸镁0.77kg,取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。本发明的氯氮平片疗效显著,标本兼制,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片及其制备方法。
背景技术
精神病指的是大脑机能活动发生率乱,导致认识、情感、行为和意志等精神活动不同程度障碍的疾病的总称。致病因素有多方面:先天遗传、个性特征及体质因素、器质因素、社会性环境因素等。许多精神病人有妄想、幻觉、错觉、情感障碍、哭笑无常、自言自语、行为怪异、意志减退,绝大多数病人缺乏自知力,不承认自己有病,不主动寻求医生的帮助。普通人也存在不承认自己有病现象,所以不能把缺乏自知力和不承认自己有病作为确定精神病的依据。常见的精神病有:精神分裂症、躁狂抑郁性精神病、更年期精神病、偏执性精神病及各种器质性病变伴发的精神病等。患者及家属应和精神科医生积极配合,及早到医院治疗。精神病患者常表现为精神兴奋,性情急燥,失眠头痛,苦怒,逾坦上屋,骂街叫号,不避亲疏,伤人毁物或精神恐惧或精神疲惫,烦燥,形瘦,面红,多言善惊,舌红苔黄或舌红少苔或无苔,脉象弦滑或细数。诊断以舌红,口腔粘膜、下眼俭粘膜充血,脉数有力为准,病久可见舌红无苔,脉细数。
现有的治疗方法多以西医为主加上辅助疗法,西医诊断复杂,常用治疗的西药有:齐拉西酮、氯氮平、奋乃静、氯丙嗪、利培酮、氟哌啶醇、富马酸喹硫平、舒必利、曲美托嗪、奥氮平等。由于西药治疗伤肝伤胃,疗效差,有些患者需要长期甚至终身服药,大部分患者不能坚持治疗;辅助疗法如电疗,副作用大,对人体伤害大。
精神病在祖国医学中,属于神志病的范畴。本病的病因在中医经典著作内早有论述,如《生气通天论篇》说:阴不胜其阳,则脉流薄疾,并乃狂。《素问,宣明五气论篇》说:邪入于阳则狂,邪入于阴则痹,搏阳则为癫疾。《难经二十难》说:重阳者狂,重阴者癫。《诸病原侯论风狂病候》说:气并阳则狂发。本病用“癫”、“狂”命名,是因其“正性癫倒,狂不识人”,也即现代医学“躁狂型”与“忧郁型”都是由精神刺激而引起的,以致失去理智的控制,不能进行正确地思维、语言错乱、精神失常、癔病、躁狂、登高而歌、弃衣奔走等临床表现。祖国医学认为,天有日、月、星,人有精、气、神,“得神者昌,逆神者亡”,神即人体生命活动的总称,也是精神意识,思维活动以及脏腑、精气、血与津液功能活动的外在表现的高度概括.这就是说,人的气血、津液、思维活动的循环规律,源于自身的调节,而自身调节功能长期失调,则会导致精神的异常。
祖国医学认为精神病的病因病机主要有:1.六淫侵袭。六淫即风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火,是自然界气候的自然发生的现象,一般并不致病,称为六气。只有在气候失常的情况下,才可致病故又称六淫。六淫当中与精神疾病有关的主要是风暑火三种。《素问》有:“伤于风者,上先受之,”和“诸燥狂热皆属于火”的理论。但无论是“风、暑”,还是“燥火”总在人体的虚弱时,才可乘虚而人致病。但“火热过亢”目前仍被视为病因病机的重要方面。2.七情内伤。七情即喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊,是人精神活动的正常表现,但如果超过了正常限度或受到突然及长久的刺激,而又缺乏心理应激能力和处理技巧,就会导致生理及脏腑功能失调、经络功能紊乱而发生精神疾病。此外,还有痰迷心窍、气血凝滞、阴阳失和、遗传、近亲结婚、脑外伤、脑器质性疾病、中毒等。
目前,临床上不断有新的治疗精神病的药物(包括西药和中药)出现,但这些均未能达到真正令人满意的效果。开发一种高效低毒、标本兼治的中西药复方新药仍是临床的急切需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种标本兼治、副作用小、安全方便的复方药物制剂。其目的是为了解决治疗精神病,克服西药副作用、停药反复的问题,达到标本兼治的目的。
本申请发明人根据前人经验及自己多年的医疗实践,通过对传统中药的研究,从整体看,本病主要应归于情志所伤,疏通气机为根本大法,注重脏腑经络的络属、毗邻、传变关系的治疗。从祖国医学宝库中,筛选出益气活血、解痉通络之功效的天然中药,按中医理论组方,结合传统中医技术精心配制成本发明的一种用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片及其制备方法,对精神病的治疗效果显著。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片,其由下述原料制备而得:
氯氮平25kg,淀粉28kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素2kg,50%(体积比)乙醇30kg,硬脂酸镁0.77kg。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
优选地,所述用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片,其由下述原料制备而得:
氯氮平10kg,淀粉28kg,中药活性成分12kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素2kg,50%(体积比)乙醇30kg,硬脂酸镁0.77kg。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
所述中药活性成分,由下述重量的原料制备而得:
仙茅35份、菟丝子35份、巴戟天35份、大黄30份、芦荟30份、
降香30份、回心草30份、沉香30份、枳壳25份、前胡25份、
茜草25份、防风25份、附子25份、丹参22份、陈皮22份、
白芍22份、枸杞子20份、莪术20份、肉豆蔻20份、伸筋草20份、
白芷18份、赤芍18份、乳香18份、知母15份、党参15份、
蒲公英15份、桃仁8份。
所述中药活性成分的制备方法为:
(1)称取上述原料备用
(2)取菟丝子、大黄、降香、枳壳、茜草、防风、丹参、陈皮、枸杞子、伸筋草、白芷、赤芍、乳香、党参、桃仁加水煎煮,第一次加4倍重量水,煎煮1小时,过滤后得到滤液和药渣,将药渣加2倍重量水煎煮半小时,过滤后获得滤液,合并两次滤液,将合并后的滤液浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物I;
(3)取剩余原料添加2倍重量75%(体积比)的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物II;
(4)均匀混合复合物I和复合物II即得中药活性成分。
本发明药物组合物可以加一种或多种药学上可接受的载体混合制成任何一种临床上或药学上可接受的剂型,优选口服制剂。以口服给药的方式施用于需要这种治疗的患者时,可将其制成常规的固体制剂,如片剂、胶囊、软胶囊等。
本发明药物组合物不仅对精神病阳性症状有效,对阴性症状也有一定效果。适用于急性与慢性精神分裂症的各个亚型,对幻觉妄想型、青春型效果好。也可以减轻与精神分裂症有关的情感症状(如:抑郁、负罪感、焦虑)。对一些用传统抗精神病药治疗无效或疗效不好的病人,改用本品可能有效。本品也用于治疗躁狂症或其他精神病性障碍的兴奋躁动和幻觉妄想。
用法用量:口服;从小剂量开始,首次剂量为一次25mg(1片),一日2~3次,逐渐缓慢增加至常用治疗量一日200~400mg(8~16片),高量可达一日600mg(24片)。维持量为一日100~200mg(4~8片)。
本发明的药物组合物具有疏肝理气、平肝潜阳、养脑安神、活血导滞、利水消肿、芳香开窍、清热泻火、补气养血、益精补髓的功效,临床实践证明,对精神病尤其是精神分裂症、狂躁抑郁性精神病、偏执性精神病疗效显著,有效率高。
本发明药物组合物的优良效果在于:
1.本发明的中药制剂配伍符合中药“君臣佐使”原则,由纯中药制成,各组分符合药政法规定,利用各味中药的综合作用,不含化工成分,不含激素,表里兼治,达到更好的养脑安神、疏肝理气作用;
2.该药剂疗程短,总有效率高,愈后不易复发。
3.本发明的工艺简单,降低了生产成本,减轻了患者的经济负担。
具体实施方式
实施例1
用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片,其由下述原料制备而得:
氯氮平25kg,淀粉28kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素2kg,50%(体积比)乙醇30kg,硬脂酸镁0.77kg。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
实施例2
用于治疗精神病的氯氮平片,其由下述原料制备而得:
氯氮平10kg,淀粉28kg,中药活性成分12kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素2kg,50%(体积比)乙醇30kg,硬脂酸镁0.77kg。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
所述中药活性成分,由下述重量的原料制备而得:
仙茅35份、菟丝子35份、巴戟天35份、大黄30份、芦荟30份、
降香30份、回心草30份、沉香30份、枳壳25份、前胡25份、
茜草25份、防风25份、附子25份、丹参22份、陈皮22份、
白芍22份、枸杞子20份、莪术20份、肉豆蔻20份、伸筋草20份、
白芷18份、赤芍18份、乳香18份、知母15份、党参15份、
蒲公英15份、桃仁8份。
所述中药活性成分的制备方法为:
(1)称取上述原料备用
(2)取菟丝子、大黄、降香、枳壳、茜草、防风、丹参、陈皮、枸杞子、伸筋草、白芷、赤芍、乳香、党参、桃仁加水煎煮,第一次加4倍重量水,煎煮1小时,过滤后得到滤液和药渣,将药渣加2倍重量水煎煮半小时,过滤后获得滤液,合并两次滤液,将合并后的滤液浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物I;
(3)取剩余原料添加2倍重量75%(体积比)的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物II;
(4)均匀混合复合物I和复合物II即得中药活性成分。
实施例3
急性毒性实验:应用小鼠60只,雌雄各半,体重30~40g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组、实施例1组以及实施例2组,每组20只,实验前禁食12小时,给药组分别给予本发明的实施例1、实施例2制备的药物组合物溶解在水中灌胃给药,对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察两星期,并记录小鼠的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察两周,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。因此本发明的药物组合物毒性较低,临床用药相对安全。
长期毒性实验:将本发明实施例2制备的药物制剂对小鼠连续用药15周及停药3周后,结果表明:本发明中药对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药15周及停药3周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
实施例4
临床资料
临床资料选取107例临床患者,其中男性59人,女性48人,年龄最小者22岁,最大者61岁,病程最短者三个月,最长者10年。其中,患精神分裂症82例,患躁狂症25例。随机分成两组,实施例1组和实施例2组,两组患者性别、年龄、病程、经统计学处理,无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
诊断标准:急性期:精神兴奋,彻夜不眠,头痛躁狂,两目怒视,面红耳赤,躁狂症多不避亲疏,狂乱莫制,骂人毁物,逾坦上屋,高歌狂呼,久病则阳性症状稍缓,神呆,语无伦次,多话,多动,惊恐不安,烦燥失眠,舌红苔黄或舌红无苔或花苔,脉象滑数有力或脉细数。
疗效判定标准:
痊愈:语言、举止、神情均恢复正常,能正常处理日常事务。
显效:症状消失,语言、举止基本正常,能做简单家务,生活能够自理。
有效:神情安定,语言、举止基本正常或有所改善,有精神刺激时神情不稳定。
无效:语言、举止、神情均无好转。
治疗方法:实施例1组给予实施例1制备的药物组合物,首次剂量为一次1片,一日2~3次,逐渐缓慢至常用治疗量一日4-8片,一个月为一疗程;
实施例2组给予实施例2制备的药物组合物,首次剂量为一次1片,一日2~3次,逐渐缓慢至常用治疗量一日4-8片,一个月为一疗程;
两组患者均配合体针、鬼门十三针、腕踝针治疗治疗。两组治疗前后效果比较见表1:
表1
组别 | 例次 | 痊愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) |
实施例1组 | 53 | 26 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 88.6 |
实施例2组 | 54 | 30 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 96.2 |
本申请的用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片为中西药复方制剂,有效降低有效成分氯氮平的用量,并达到了预料不到的技术效果,其成本低廉,疗效显著,应用前景广阔。
Claims (5)
1.用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片,其按照如下工艺制备而得:
取氯氮平25kg,淀粉28kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素2kg,50%(体积比)乙醇30kg,硬脂酸镁0.77kg,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
2.用于治疗精神分裂症的氯氮平片,其按照如下工艺制备而得:
取氯氮平10kg,淀粉28kg,中药活性成分12kg,糊精22kg,微晶纤维素2kg,50%(体积比)乙醇30kg,硬脂酸镁0.77kg,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂100万片。
3.根据权利要求2所述的氯氮平片,其特征在于,所述中药活性成分由下述重量的原料制备而得:
仙茅35份、菟丝子35份、巴戟天35份、大黄30份、芦荟30份、
降香30份、回心草30份、沉香30份、枳壳25份、前胡25份、
茜草25份、防风25份、附子25份、丹参22份、陈皮22份、
白芍22份、枸杞子20份、莪术20份、肉豆蔻20份、伸筋草20份、
白芷18份、赤芍18份、乳香18份、知母15份、党参15份、
蒲公英15份、桃仁8份。
4.根据权利要求2-3所述的氯氮平片,其特征在于,所述中药活性成分的制备方法为:
(1)称取各原料备用;
(2)取菟丝子、大黄、降香、枳壳、茜草、防风、丹参、陈皮、枸杞子、伸筋草、白芷、赤芍、乳香、党参、桃仁,混合,加水煎煮,第一次加4倍重量水,煎煮1小时,过滤后得到滤液和药渣,将药渣加2倍重量水煎煮半小时,过滤后获得滤液,合并两次滤液,将合并后的滤液浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物I;
(3)取剩余原料混合,添加2倍重量75%(体积比)的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物II;
(4)均匀混合复合物I和复合物II即得中药活性成分。
5.权利要求1-4所述氯氮平片的用途。
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CN109030684A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2018-12-18 | 湖南洞庭药业股份有限公司 | 氯氮平片剂药物组合物和制法 |
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