CN105794563A - High-yield rice planting method for controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds of rice fields - Google Patents
High-yield rice planting method for controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds of rice fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN105794563A CN105794563A CN201610195419.6A CN201610195419A CN105794563A CN 105794563 A CN105794563 A CN 105794563A CN 201610195419 A CN201610195419 A CN 201610195419A CN 105794563 A CN105794563 A CN 105794563A
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title abstract 2
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- SDXAWLJRERMRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(C)NN=1 SDXAWLJRERMRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield rice planting method for controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds of rice fields. The high-yield rice planting method includes the following steps that 1, seed pretreatment, 2 rice field transformation, 3 soil turning and fertilization, 4 seedling raising, 5 seedling transplanting, 6 fry putting, 7 topdressing and 8 harvesting. According to the planting method, rice planting and rice field fish farming are organically combined, the utilization rate of rice fields is improved, good conditions are created for rice growth, the seed processing step is increased for seed sterilization and disinfection, bacterial breeding is effectively prevented, and the method is conducive to the healthy rice growth. In addition, seeds are soaked with sodium selenite to increase the selenium content in the rice seeds, a selenium-rich slow-release organic fertilizer is applied in the rice fields, organic and inorganic fertilizers are combined to protect rice field soil and improve the nutrient element content of the soil, and microbial strains and fungicides contained in the fertilizers combine to improve the disease preventing capability of the rice field and ensure the healthy growth of fish, the production costs are low, and the high-yield rice planting method is beneficial to market promotion and has good economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering.
Background technology
Oryza sativa L. (formal name used at school: Oryzasativa) is the one of draft Oryza, is also the longest main one as grain in Oryza, is also called Asian type cultivated rice, could also say that rice in simple terms.For annual, grass, unifacial leaf, property happiness is warm and humid, there are about 1 meter high time ripe, and leaf is elongated, there are about 50 to 100 centimeter length, wide about 2 to 2.5 centimetres.Spending of rice is very little, and when blooming, main spray can present arch, down all can hold little Hua between 30 to 50 centimetres in end of the branch, and major part self-pollination also bears seeds, and is called spike of rice.The size of general spike of rice is long at 5 to 12 millimeters, 2 to 3 mm of thickness.
There are about half people in the world with rice for staple food, particularly Asia, rice is main source of nutrition.There is Rice Production different continents, but are maximum with Asia, sown area be the world 90%. in Asia, India is the important product rice country being only second to China, and sown area ranks first in the world, and total output occupies second, Japan per unit area yield significantly high, be in the world rice high yield country one of.
China is one of main cradle of rice-cultivating, Shi Daozuo history ancient country, Ye Shi Oryza glutinosa big producing country.China or Oryza sativa L. science and technology power." Green revolution " of world's short stalk rice breeding comes from China, and the hybrid rice of China is well known especially.Oryza sativa L. is the staple food crop of China, one of commodity food that Ye Shi China is important, and the sown area of Oryza sativa L. and total output occupy the first place of cereal crops, and sown area occupies second in Chan Dao state of the world, and total output occupies first of the world.China's rice growing area is substantially stable at 3000～31,000,000 hectares, total output about 20,000 tons, yield per unit area 6300～6500 kg/ha.Sown area accounts for the 20.2% of the corn gross area, and yield accounts for the 43.4% of total grain yield, owing to rice yield is stable, has very important status in China's grain-production.
China is as the first in the world populous nation, and the problem how resolving food supply has become as the important topic that China faces.Along with the fast development of Rice Cropping technology in the last few years and the continuous of cultivated area expand, Oryza sativa L. in occupation of consequence all the more, also plays irreplaceable effect in national life simultaneously in solving China's food supply.But from the current situation of Oryza sativa L., China's Rice Cropping there is also some common problems, limit the development of Rice Cropping industry.
nullThere is the phenomenon of overfertilization in current China Rice Cropping，At the whole ground initial stage，Just base manure is applied，Tillering fertilizer is used early after rice striking root，Also need to impose ear manuer when leaf age index about 91，Later Stage of Rice also can take the circumstances into consideration to use granulated fertilizer，According to the trophophase that Oryza sativa L. is different，Apply fertilizer type various，But，Accelerate along with China rural holding is reversed，Emerge the rich and influential family that more and more tills the land，Agricultural is just fast-developing towards industrialization direction，Go down town in a large number plus China peasant and work，Cause that rural area person between twenty and fifty labour force's is in short supply，Cause that in scale agricultural production, human cost increases，If Oryza sativa L. needs repeatedly to apply fertilizer，Not only time-consuming、Plant growth manuring late inconvenience、Production cost increases，And element rests in soil more after fertilising，In the course of time，Make certain element in soil excessive，Again apply fertilizer，The situation of burn seedlings likely occurs，And overfertilization also can make soil soil property worsen，The soil that soil property worsens，Not only affect yield，Also can reduce the agro-farming land area that China reduces day by day，Make grain drop in production，Form vicious cycle，In addition，Rice terrace has this feature of water，Independent rice cultivation is comparatively wasted，Domestic at present occur in that the thinking breeded fish while rice cultivation in some rice terraces，Plant husbandry and aquaculture are combined，Promote rice field utilization rate.
For breeding fish in rice terrace, domestic at present it is primarily present following patent documentation:
Patent publication No.: CN103355071A, disclose a kind of rice field ecology fish-cultivating method, comprise the following steps: rice field preparation, rice field transformation, fish farming facility preparation, rice seedling transplanting, biological adsorption, rice field are sterilized, pour water, apply fertilizer, are selected to put fingerling in a suitable place to breed, the sterilization that breeds fish fry, put in a suitable place to breed, feeding and management, the ring field fish ditch that wherein rice field house of correction digs is the V-arrangement ditch arranged inside the surrounding ridge of rice field, biological adsorption is to adopt biological adsorption agent that the heavy metal in paddy soil, irrigation water is adsorbed, and puts fingerling in a suitable place to breed and selects eight palpus Silurus asotus fishs.The invention also discloses the rice of the Rice Production of paddy field cultivation described in above-mentioned rice field ecology fish-cultivating method.The present invention dramatically increases the effective usable floor area in rice field, reduces the heavy metal pollutions such as lead, cadmium, improves rice field fish culture overall efficiency；The ecological rice that the present invention produces contains rich in protein and more irony, trace element and the vitamin C such as magnesia, calcareous, and the content of beary metal such as lead, cadmium are very low, without chemical pesticide residual, not only green but also environmental protection.But, the method that this patent provides, main emphasis is breeded fish in rice field, and the fertilizer used by the Major Function rice cultivation in rice field is excessively simple, and it uses Carnis Coturnicis japonicae excrement and soybean cake to cultivate water quality as fertilizer, and Rice Cropping is not too much mentioned.
Summary of the invention
nullFor solving above-mentioned Problems existing，It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering，Rice Cropping and rice field fish culture are organically combined by described implantation methods，Promote rice field utilization rate，The rice field water surface is utilized to breed fish，Both fishery-ies product can have been obtained，Available fish eats up the insect in rice field and weeds again，Excretion muck，Stir earth and promote manure digestion，Create good conditions for paddy growth，Increase seed treatment step，Seed is carried out sterilizing，Effectively prevent bacteria breed，Oryza sativa L. is conducive to grow up healthy and sound，Adopt sodium selenite to soak in seed simultaneously，Increase rice paddy seed Se content，And in rice field, apply selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer，Organic and inorganic fertilizer combines，Protection paddy soil，Promote soil property nutritive element content，And fertilizer is contained within microorganism fungus kind and antibacterial combines，Promote rice field diseases prevention ability，Ensure that healthy fish is grown up，Production cost is low，Be conducive to marketing，Good in economic efficiency.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme is that
A kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering, comprises the steps:
1) Seeds preprocess
First bask seeds 4～5 hours, it is 1.05～1.10 sort seed by salt water with proportion, select the full seed of sedimentation, rinsing with clear water, soaked 1～2 day by seed in antimicrobial fluid, clear water is cleaned, add sodium selenite, being incubated 20～24 hours at the temperature of 35～45 DEG C after being sufficiently mixed, urge out Fructus Oryzae Germinatus, described sodium selenite and seed quality ratio is for 1:1000；
2) rice field transformation
Increasing ridge, rice field surrounding ridge is increased to 30～40cm, constructs the isolation of mud dam, excavate fish ditch between the block of adjacent rice field, and intake-outlet arranges fence and prevents fish from runing away；
3) dig, apply fertilizer
Turn over paddy soil, topsoil depth 20～25 centimetres, execute selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer, selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer 40～60kg is executed in every mu of rice field, irrigation of paddy fields based on full water, the field depth of water 8～12cm；
4) nursery
By step 1) pretreated seed, in annual late March～early April sowing, sow during daily mean temperature more than 13 DEG C, application rate 70～80kg/hm2, after spreading lower seed rice, then on rice field, spill one layer of rice hull ash；
5) rice transplanting is transplanted
Rice shoot grow tall about eight centimeters time, carry out transplant rice transplanting, density of transplants is 28～35 caves/m2；
6) fry is thrown in
Within after rice transplanting 5～7 days, throwing in fry, fry body length 3～5cm, body weight 30～40g, throw in fry 300～400 tail for every mu, commercially available fish meal selected by feedstuff；
7) topdress
Within after rice transplanting 8～12 days, imposing, every mu of rice field imposes selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer 15～20kg；
8) harvesting
When spike of rice is full, first field fry is transported to breed in stew, with harvester, spike of rice is involved in, spike of rice is separated with rice stem and obtains Oryza glutinosa, dry, warehouse-in, complete plantation.
Further, described rice varieties is middle morning 39 or golden morning 47.
Separately, described fry is Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio or bolti.
Separately having, described antimicrobial fluid is 20% tricyclazole of dilution 1000 times, dilutes 10%401 antibacterial of 500 times and the mixed liquor of the Prochloraz of dilution 1500 times.
Again, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 40～50 parts, poultry manure: 40～50 parts, corn straw: 20～30 parts, bagasse: 20～30 parts, Lay cake: 15～20 parts, bacillus subtilis: 5～10 parts, ribavirin: 1～5 part, triazolone: 1～5 part, sodium selenite: 1～5 part, polyglutamic acid: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated iron: 0.5～1 part, EDTA chelated zinc: 0.5～1 part, EDTA chelated copper: 0.5～1 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 0.1～1 part, iron-amino acid chelate: 0.1～1 part, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.1～1 part, phosphoric triamide: 0.5～1 part, urease inhibitor: 0.5～1 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.5～1 part.
nullPreferably，Described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 45～50 parts，Poultry manure: 40～45 parts，Corn straw: 20～25 parts，Bagasse: 25～30 parts，Lay cake: 17～20 parts，Bacillus subtilis: 6～10 parts，Ribavirin: 1～3 part，Triazolone: 2～5 parts，Sodium selenite: 1～3 part，Polyglutamic acid: 2～5 parts，EDTA chelated iron: 0.5～0.7 part，EDTA chelated zinc: 0.5～0.8 part，EDTA chelated copper: 0.7～1 part，Chelating amino acids manganese: 0.8～1 part，Iron-amino acid chelate: 0.5～1 part，Chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.1～0.5 part，Phosphoric triamide: 0.5～0.9 part，Urease inhibitor: 0.7～1 part，Nitrification inhibitor: 0.5～0.8 part.
Preferably, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 45 parts, poultry manure: 45 parts, corn straw: 25 parts, bagasse: 25 parts, Lay cake: 18 parts, bacillus subtilis: 7 parts, ribavirin: 2 parts, triazolone: 3 parts, sodium selenite: 2 parts, polyglutamic acid: 5 parts, EDTA chelated iron: 0.6 part, EDTA chelated zinc: 0.7 part, EDTA chelated copper: 0.8 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 1 part, iron-amino acid chelate: 0.5 part, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.3 part, phosphoric triamide: 0.7 part, urease inhibitor: 0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.6 part.
Further, described nitrification inhibitor is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine, 3，5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.
And, described urease inhibitor is hydroquinone, N-NBPT, N-butyl thio-phosphamide or phosphoric triamide.
Separately, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer preparation method comprises the steps: to take poultry manure by proportioning, corn straw, bagasse, Lay cake are stacked into and made compost heap, retting 15～18 days at 30～35 DEG C of temperature, raw material carbamide is melted through high temperature 120～140 DEG C, after bacillus subtilis, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, phosphoric triamide mixing, add suitable quantity of water, stir, obtain combination solution standby；Ribavirin, triazolone, sodium selenite, polyglutamic acid, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated copper, chelating amino acids manganese, iron-amino acid chelate and chelating amino acids molybdenum are mixed, and the carbamide after piling with the fertilizer after retting and be melted mixes, stir, shear granulation, dry at 100～120 DEG C of temperature, being cooled to room temperature, screening particle diameter is the granule of 2～4mm, namely prepares described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
nullRice Cropping and rice field fish culture are organically combined by described implantation methods，Promote rice field utilization rate，The rice field water surface is utilized to breed fish，Both fishery-ies product can have been obtained，Available fish eats up the insect in rice field and weeds again，Excretion muck，Stir earth and promote manure digestion，Create good conditions for paddy growth，After rice field fish culture，In rice field, brown paddy plant hopper quantity declines 40～50%，Striped rice borer declines 50～60%，Sheath and culm blight of rice incidence rate declines 40～50%，In rice field, weeds decline 80～90%，Increase seed treatment step，Seed is carried out sterilizing，Effectively prevent bacteria breed，Oryza sativa L. is conducive to grow up healthy and sound，Adopt sodium selenite to soak in seed simultaneously，Increase rice paddy seed Se content，Selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer is applied in rice field，Organic and inorganic fertilizer combines，Protection paddy soil，Promote soil property nutritive element content，And bacillus subtilis and ribavirin in fertilizer、Triazolone combines，Promote rice field diseases prevention ability，Ensure that healthy fish is grown up，Effectively increase fertilizer efficiency，By urease inhibitor, the hydrolysis of carbamide is controlled，Restriction forms the speed of ammonium，Control ammonium in soil、The concentration of nitrogen，Prevent from causing damage because can send out，By the activity of nitrite bacteria in nitrification inhibitor adjustment soil to hinder the generation of nitrification and denitrification，The nitrogen in soil is made to be present in soil with the form of ammonia，Fertilizer efficiency is long，Coordinate polyglutamic acid as slow releasing agent，Fertilizer effect duration can run through Rice Cropping all the time，Topdress on a small quantity after only needing to plant，Fertilizer efficiency was up to 4～5 months，Meet Rice Cropping needs，Rich in nitrogen necessary to paddy growth、Phosphorus、Potassium etc. must element，And rich in EDTA chelated iron、EDTA chelated zinc、EDTA chelated copper、Chelating amino acids manganese、The nutrition units such as iron-amino acid chelate and chelating amino acids molybdenum，Chelating form is more conducive to absorb，Can effectively promote microelement contents of soil，Improve soil and rice nutrition is worth，Fertilizer component is friendly to soil，Oryza sativa L. per mu yield promotes 10～16%，Production cost is low，Be conducive to marketing，Good in economic efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following example will assist in those skilled in the art and are further appreciated by the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that, to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some deformation and improvement.These broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) Seeds preprocess
First bask seeds 4～5 hours, it is 1.05～1.10 sort seed by salt water with proportion, select the full seed of sedimentation, rinsing with clear water, soaked 1～2 day by seed in antimicrobial fluid, clear water is cleaned, add sodium selenite, being incubated 20～24 hours at the temperature of 35～45 DEG C after being sufficiently mixed, urge out Fructus Oryzae Germinatus, described sodium selenite and seed quality ratio is for 1:1000；
2) rice field transformation
Increasing ridge, rice field surrounding ridge is increased to 30～40cm, constructs the isolation of mud dam, excavate fish ditch between the block of adjacent rice field, and intake-outlet arranges fence and prevents fish from runing away；
3) dig, apply fertilizer
Turn over paddy soil, topsoil depth 20～25 centimetres, execute selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer, selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer 40～60kg is executed in every mu of rice field, irrigation of paddy fields based on full water, the field depth of water 8～12cm；
4) nursery
By step 1) pretreated seed, in annual late March～early April sowing, sow during daily mean temperature more than 13 DEG C, application rate 70～80kg/hm2, after spreading lower seed rice, then on rice field, spill one layer of rice hull ash；
5) rice transplanting is transplanted
Rice shoot grow tall about eight centimeters time, carry out transplant rice transplanting, density of transplants is 28～35 caves/m2；
6) fry is thrown in
Within after rice transplanting 5～7 days, throwing in fry, fry body length 3～5cm, body weight 30～40g, throw in fry 300～400 tail for every mu, commercially available fish meal selected by feedstuff；
7) topdress
Within after rice transplanting 8～12 days, imposing, every mu of rice field imposes selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer 15～20kg；
8) harvesting
When spike of rice is full, first field fry is transported to breed in stew, with harvester, spike of rice is involved in, spike of rice is separated with rice stem and obtains Oryza glutinosa, dry, warehouse-in, complete plantation.
Further, described rice varieties is middle morning 39 or golden morning 47.
Separately, described fry is Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio or bolti.
Separately having, described antimicrobial fluid is 20% tricyclazole of dilution 1000 times, dilutes 10%401 antibacterial of 500 times and the mixed liquor of the Prochloraz of dilution 1500 times.
Again, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 40～50 parts, poultry manure: 40～50 parts, corn straw: 20～30 parts, bagasse: 20～30 parts, Lay cake: 15～20 parts, bacillus subtilis: 5～10 parts, ribavirin: 1～5 part, triazolone: 1～5 part, sodium selenite: 1～5 part, polyglutamic acid: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated iron: 0.5～1 part, EDTA chelated zinc: 0.5～1 part, EDTA chelated copper: 0.5～1 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 0.1～1 part, iron-amino acid chelate: 0.1～1 part, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.1～1 part, phosphoric triamide: 0.5～1 part, urease inhibitor: 0.5～1 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.5～1 part.
nullPreferably，Described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 45～50 parts，Poultry manure: 40～45 parts，Corn straw: 20～25 parts，Bagasse: 25～30 parts，Lay cake: 17～20 parts，Bacillus subtilis: 6～10 parts，Ribavirin: 1～3 part，Triazolone: 2～5 parts，Sodium selenite: 1～3 part，Polyglutamic acid: 2～5 parts，EDTA chelated iron: 0.5～0.7 part，EDTA chelated zinc: 0.5～0.8 part，EDTA chelated copper: 0.7～1 part，Chelating amino acids manganese: 0.8～1 part，Iron-amino acid chelate: 0.5～1 part，Chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.1～0.5 part，Phosphoric triamide: 0.5～0.9 part，Urease inhibitor: 0.7～1 part，Nitrification inhibitor: 0.5～0.8 part.
Preferably, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 45 parts, poultry manure: 45 parts, corn straw: 25 parts, bagasse: 25 parts, Lay cake: 18 parts, bacillus subtilis: 7 parts, ribavirin: 2 parts, triazolone: 3 parts, sodium selenite: 2 parts, polyglutamic acid: 5 parts, EDTA chelated iron: 0.6 part, EDTA chelated zinc: 0.7 part, EDTA chelated copper: 0.8 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 1 part, iron-amino acid chelate: 0.5 part, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.3 part, phosphoric triamide: 0.7 part, urease inhibitor: 0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.6 part.
Further, described nitrification inhibitor is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine, 3，5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.
And, described urease inhibitor is hydroquinone, N-NBPT, N-butyl thio-phosphamide or phosphoric triamide.
Separately, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer preparation method comprises the steps: to take poultry manure by proportioning, corn straw, bagasse, Lay cake are stacked into and made compost heap, retting 15～18 days at 30～35 DEG C of temperature, raw material carbamide is melted through high temperature 120～140 DEG C, after bacillus subtilis, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, phosphoric triamide mixing, add suitable quantity of water, stir, obtain combination solution standby；Ribavirin, triazolone, sodium selenite, polyglutamic acid, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated copper, chelating amino acids manganese, iron-amino acid chelate and chelating amino acids molybdenum are mixed, and the carbamide after piling with the fertilizer after retting and be melted mixes, stir, shear granulation, dry at 100～120 DEG C of temperature, being cooled to room temperature, screening particle diameter is the granule of 2～4mm, namely prepares described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer.
Wherein, the ingredient lists of selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer in a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering that table 1 provides for various embodiments of the present invention.Table 2 be in a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering provided by the present invention selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer in the cumulative leaching rate list of the Static Water N of 25 DEG C.Table 3 is rice yield list after employing a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering provided by the present invention.
Table 1 (unit: weight portion)
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | |
| Carbamide | 45 | 48 | 50 | 40 | 43 |
| Poultry manure | 45 | 43 | 48 | 50 | 40 |
| Corn straw | 25 | 23 | 20 | 28 | 30 |
| Bagasse | 25 | 23 | 30 | 20 | 28 |
| Lay cake | 18 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 17 |
| Bacillus subtilis | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 10 |
| Ribavirin | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| Triazolone | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| Sodium selenite | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
| Polyglutamic acid | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| EDTA chelated iron | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1 |
| EDTA chelated zinc | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| EDTA chelated copper | 0.8 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| Chelating amino acids manganese | 1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Iron-amino acid chelate | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Chelating amino acids molybdenum | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Phosphoric triamide | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Urease inhibitor | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Nitrification inhibitor | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 |
Table 2
Table 3
nullA kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering provided by the present invention，Rice Cropping and rice field fish culture are organically combined by described implantation methods，Promote rice field utilization rate，The rice field water surface is utilized to breed fish，Both fishery-ies product can have been obtained，Available fish eats up the insect in rice field and weeds again，Excretion muck，Stir earth and promote manure digestion，Create good conditions for paddy growth，After rice field fish culture，In rice field, brown paddy plant hopper quantity declines 40～50%，Striped rice borer declines 50～60%，Sheath and culm blight of rice incidence rate declines 40～50%，In rice field, weeds decline 80～90%，Increase seed treatment step，Seed is carried out sterilizing，Effectively prevent bacteria breed，Oryza sativa L. is conducive to grow up healthy and sound，Adopt sodium selenite to soak in seed simultaneously，Increase rice paddy seed Se content，Selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer is applied in rice field，Organic and inorganic fertilizer combines，Protection paddy soil，Promote soil property nutritive element content，And bacillus subtilis and ribavirin in fertilizer、Triazolone combines，Promote rice field diseases prevention ability，Ensure that healthy fish is grown up，Effectively increase fertilizer efficiency，By urease inhibitor, the hydrolysis of carbamide is controlled，Restriction forms the speed of ammonium，Control ammonium in soil、The concentration of nitrogen，Prevent from causing damage because can send out，By the activity of nitrite bacteria in nitrification inhibitor adjustment soil to hinder the generation of nitrification and denitrification，The nitrogen in soil is made to be present in soil with the form of ammonia，Fertilizer efficiency is long，Fertilizer effect duration can run through Rice Cropping all the time，Topdress on a small quantity after only needing to plant，Fertilizer efficiency was up to 4～5 months，Meet Rice Cropping needs，Rich in nitrogen necessary to paddy growth、Phosphorus、Potassium etc. must element，And it is interior rich in EDTA chelated iron、EDTA chelated zinc、EDTA chelated copper、Chelating amino acids manganese、The nutrition units such as iron-amino acid chelate and chelating amino acids molybdenum，Chelating form is more conducive to absorb，Can effectively promote microelement contents of soil，Improve soil and rice nutrition is worth，Fertilizer component is friendly to soil，Oryza sativa L. per mu yield promotes 10～16%，Production cost is low，Be conducive to marketing，Good in economic efficiency.
It should be noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted.Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, the technical scheme of invention can being modified or equivalent replacement, without deviating from the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. the rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Seeds preprocess
First bask seeds 4 ~ 5 hours, it is 1.05～1.10 sort seed by salt water with proportion, select the full seed of sedimentation, rinsing with clear water, soaked 1 ~ 2 day by seed in antimicrobial fluid, clear water is cleaned, add sodium selenite, being incubated 20 ~ 24 hours at the temperature of 35 ~ 45 DEG C after being sufficiently mixed, urge out Fructus Oryzae Germinatus, described sodium selenite and seed quality ratio is for 1:1000；
Rice field is transformed
Increasing ridge, rice field surrounding ridge is increased to 30 ~ 40cm, constructs the isolation of mud dam, excavate fish ditch between the block of adjacent rice field, and intake-outlet arranges fence and prevents fish from runing away；
Dig, apply fertilizer
Turn over paddy soil, topsoil depth 20 ~ 25 centimetres, execute selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer, selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer 40 ~ 60kg is executed in every mu of rice field, irrigation of paddy fields based on full water, the field depth of water 8 ~ 12cm；
Nursery
By step 1) pretreated seed, in annual late March ~ early April sowing, sow during daily mean temperature more than 13 DEG C, application rate 70 ~ 80kg/hm2, after spreading lower seed rice, then on rice field, spill one layer of rice hull ash；
Transplant rice transplanting
Rice shoot grow tall about eight centimeters time, carry out transplant rice transplanting, density of transplants is 28 ~ 35 caves/m2；
Throw in fry
Within after rice transplanting 5 ~ 7 days, throwing in fry, fry body length 3 ~ 5cm, body weight 30 ~ 40g, throw in fry 300 ~ 400 tail for every mu, commercially available fish meal selected by feedstuff；
Topdress
Within after rice transplanting 8 ~ 12 days, imposing, every mu of rice field imposes selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer 15 ~ 20kg；
Harvesting
When spike of rice is full, first field fry is transported to breed in stew, with harvester, spike of rice is involved in, spike of rice is separated with rice stem and obtains Oryza glutinosa, dry, warehouse-in, complete plantation.
2. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described rice varieties is middle morning 39 or golden morning 47.
3. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described fry is Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio or bolti.
4. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described antimicrobial fluid is 20% tricyclazole of dilution 1000 times, dilutes 10%401 antibacterial of 500 times and the mixed liquor of the Prochloraz of dilution 1500 times.
null5. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 1，It is characterized in that，Described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 40 ~ 50 parts，Poultry manure: 40 ~ 50 parts，Corn straw: 20 ~ 30 parts，Bagasse: 20 ~ 30 parts，Lay cake: 15 ~ 20 parts，Bacillus subtilis: 5 ~ 10 parts，Ribavirin: 1 ~ 5 part，Triazolone: 1 ~ 5 part，Sodium selenite: 1 ~ 5 part，Polyglutamic acid: 1 ~ 5 part，EDTA chelated iron: 0.5 ~ 1 part，EDTA chelated zinc: 0.5 ~ 1 part，EDTA chelated copper: 0.5 ~ 1 part，Chelating amino acids manganese: 0.1 ~ 1 part，Iron-amino acid chelate: 0.1 ~ 1 part，Chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.1 ~ 1 part，Phosphoric triamide: 0.5 ~ 1 part，Urease inhibitor: 0.5 ~ 1 part，Nitrification inhibitor: 0.5 ~ 1 part.
null6. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 5，It is characterized in that，Described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 45 ~ 50 parts，Poultry manure: 40 ~ 45 parts，Corn straw: 20 ~ 25 parts，Bagasse: 25 ~ 30 parts，Lay cake: 17 ~ 20 parts，Bacillus subtilis: 6 ~ 10 parts，Ribavirin: 1 ~ 3 part，Triazolone: 2 ~ 5 parts，Sodium selenite: 1 ~ 3 part，Polyglutamic acid: 2 ~ 5 parts，EDTA chelated iron: 0.5 ~ 0.7 part，EDTA chelated zinc: 0.5 ~ 0.8 part，EDTA chelated copper: 0.7 ~ 1 part，Chelating amino acids manganese: 0.8 ~ 1 part，Iron-amino acid chelate: 0.5 ~ 1 part，Chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.1 ~ 0.5 part，Phosphoric triamide: 0.5 ~ 0.9 part，Urease inhibitor: 0.7 ~ 1 part，Nitrification inhibitor: 0.5 ~ 0.8 part.
7. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: carbamide: 45 parts, poultry manure: 45 parts, corn straw: 25 parts, bagasse: 25 parts, Lay cake: 18 parts, bacillus subtilis: 7 parts, ribavirin: 2 parts, triazolone: 3 parts, sodium selenite: 2 parts, polyglutamic acid: 5 parts, EDTA chelated iron: 0.6 part, EDTA chelated zinc: 0.7 part, EDTA chelated copper: 0.8 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 1 part, iron-amino acid chelate: 0.5 part, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 0.3 part, phosphoric triamide: 0.7 part, urease inhibitor: 0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.6 part.
8. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described nitrification inhibitor is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine, 3，5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.
9. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described urease inhibitor is hydroquinone, N-NBPT, N-butyl thio-phosphamide or phosphoric triamide.
10. a kind of rice high yield implantation methods controlling Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases crop smothering according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer preparation method comprises the steps: to take poultry manure by proportioning, corn straw, bagasse, Lay cake are stacked into and made compost heap, retting 15 ~ 18 days at 30 ~ 35 DEG C of temperature, raw material carbamide is melted through high temperature 120 ~ 140 DEG C, after bacillus subtilis, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, phosphoric triamide mixing, add suitable quantity of water, stir, obtain combination solution standby；Ribavirin, triazolone, sodium selenite, polyglutamic acid, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated copper, chelating amino acids manganese, iron-amino acid chelate and chelating amino acids molybdenum are mixed, and the carbamide after piling with the fertilizer after retting and be melted mixes, stir, shear granulation, dry at 100 ~ 120 DEG C of temperature, being cooled to room temperature, screening particle diameter is the granule of 2 ~ 4mm, namely prepares described selenium-rich Slow release organic fertilizer.
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