CN113080115B - Ecological method for removing dactylogyrus on body surface of colorful immortal fish - Google Patents
Ecological method for removing dactylogyrus on body surface of colorful immortal fish Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological method for removing dactylogyrus on the body surface of a pseudosciaena crocea. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of enclosing the colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus in a culture pond by a net, fishing out, putting the colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus in a fresh water flow water vat for soaking, then transferring the colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus into the fresh water flow water vat for soaking, transferring the colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus into another fresh water flow water vat for soaking, and finally fishing out and transferring the colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus into an original culture pond or a new pond. The method does not use chemical products, the micro-ecological system in the large-scale culture water body is protected, the automatic water purification efficiency is maintained high, the good water quality condition is more favorable for the growth and the body color presentation of the colorful immortal fish, and the method has better dactylogyrus killing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fish parasite removal, and particularly relates to an ecological method for removing dactylogyrus on the body surface of a pseudosciaena crocea.
Background
The colorful immortal fish, the alias discus fish (discus), is a tropical ornamental fish of the world, native to the amazon river tropical rainforest basin in south america. The colorful immortal fish has the reputation of 'fresh water fish king' due to the unique shape, elegant swimming behavior, bright body color and pattern, so the colorful immortal fish is popular with ornamental fish lovers. In recent years, it has grown increasingly into important components of the ornamental fish trade and aquaculture industry in various countries and regions of asia. In recent years, in the artificial culture process, due to extremely high requirements of the colorful immortal fish on water quality and nutrition, improper management or negligence of epidemic prevention work often occurs, so that fish infection diseases such as dactylogyrus disease, gill rot disease, enteritis, red skin disease, head hole disease and the like are caused.
Dactylogyrus belonging to the phylum anamorphic, the class trematoda, the monozoites, the hermaphrodite, the life history comprising: eggs, larvae and adults. It is one of the parasites which are common in fish culture, have wide epidemic range and are seriously damaged. The insect can harm the fingerlings of the colorful immortal fish and the adult fish breeding stage, mainly parasitic on the gill part of the colorful immortal fish, and two pairs of hooks on the fixer are inserted into the gill filaments of the fish to absorb host nutrition, so that the gill tissue of the fish is damaged, mucus secretion is increased, the respiratory function is affected, and simultaneously, the gill filaments are engorged with blood and secondary bacterial infection is caused. The clinical symptoms of the diseased fish are that the diseased fish does not ingest, the body color is dull and gradually becomes thin, the diseased fish is lean and dead in the later period of the disease, and the disease is also capable of infecting, once the disease of the population is caused, a large number of deaths are caused. Especially in the industrial circulating water culture system, the quantity of dactylogyrus is large-scale outbreak about 10-15 days, the drug killing effect is poor and is frequently repeated, and the growth and the body color appearance of the colorful immortal fish are greatly influenced. The dactylogyrus disease not only causes the farmed fish to lose ornamental value, but also causes serious economic loss, and becomes one of important diseases which endanger the healthy development of the colorful immortal fish farming industry.
In the control of the parasitosis of the colorful myxocyprinus, the common treatment measures are to select traditional pesticide medicines to kill parasites, such as copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, trichlorfon, abamectin, ivermectin, formaldehyde, phoxim and the like, and the medicines generally have strong peculiar smell and toxicity, have great influence on feeding and growth of aquatic animals after application, lead to drug resistance of the parasites after long-term high-frequency use, reduce the curative effect of the medicines, pollute and destroy aquatic environment, have great toxic and side effects on fishes, and have a series of problems such as drug residues. Therefore, in order to meet the demands of economic development and market consumption, it is important to find a green and environment-friendly measure for preventing and treating the parasitic diseases.
Zhang Jun et al point out that when the fish suffers from filariasis, wheel worm disease and tube worm disease, the diseased fish can be immersed in 2.5% -3.5% saline water. Wang Changgeng soaking grass carp and summer flower fingerlings with salt solution, and has obvious killing effect on the trichomonas on gill, the cryptoflagellate on gill and the glossophia glossociata. Because the infection intensity and the infection rate of the dactylogyrus in the material are not large, the killing effect of the salt on the dactylogyrus of the grass carp is not obvious (the killing test (brief report) of the salt on parasites on gills of several common fishes).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an ecological method for removing the dactylogyrus on the body surface of the pseudosciaena crocea, so as to overcome the defects that the traditional pesticide in the prior art has great toxic and side effects on fishes and affects the environment.
The invention provides an ecological method for removing dactylogyrus on the body surface of a pseudosciaena crocea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Surrounding the colorful immortal fish in the culture pond by using a net, and then fishing out the colorful immortal fish and putting the colorful immortal fish into an isothermal oxygenated fresh water flow vat for soaking; (the step can relieve the emotion of the fish which is surprised by fishing, reduce stress reaction, play the role of drawing net exercise, prepare for the next stress reaction, dilute and reduce mucus generated by the fish due to emergency, and better expose the insect bodies on gill wires)
(2) Transferring the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (1) into an isothermal oxygenated seawater flow water vat with the salinity of 10-30 per mill for soaking (the soaking time is determined according to the size and stress reaction degree of the fish); ( In the step, the dactylogyrus distributed on the gills or on the body surface is killed rapidly due to the severe change of the osmotic pressure of the external environment, the eggs are killed or dormant, the fishes swim rapidly in the water due to the stress response caused by the seawater, the respiratory rate of jumping and rapid opening and closing of the gill covers is increased, and the insects on the gills can be partially and rapidly shaken out and fall off through the rapid respiration and rapid movement of the fishes. The running water has the function of bringing the fallen insects away from the tank body, reducing the quantity of dead insects accumulated in the seawater tank and reducing the opportunity of re-attaching healthy fish bodies, thereby achieving the purpose of expelling parasites )
(3) Transferring the soaked colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus in the step (2) into another oxygenated fresh water flow vat for soaking, and fishing out the colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus after the fish body is recovered from the stress state and transferring the colorful myxocyprinus asiaticus into an original culture pond or a new pond; (the effect of the step is that the adult dactylogyrus which is not completely fallen off on the fish body and the adult dactylogyrus attached in the seawater tank are further fallen off in the tank, the wound and mucus of the gill infected by the dactylogyrus are cleaned, bacterial infection and ulcer are prevented, and meanwhile, the dactylogyrus which is in the water body is prevented from being attached again after entering the tank, so that the fish is calm from the step (2)
(4) Repeating the steps (1) - (3) after 15-25 days.
Preferably, in the above method, the length of the pseudosciaena crocea in the step (1) is 2 cm-15 cm.
Preferably, in the above method, the soaking time in the step (1) is 1 to 10min.
Preferably, in the above method, the soaking time in the step (2) is 45s to 5min.
Preferably, in the above method, the soaking time in the step (3) is 1 to 10min.
Preferably, in the above method, the step (4) is repeated for one time the above steps (1) to (3) are performed.
According to the invention, firstly, the fish stress reaction of the net pulling exercise is alleviated by utilizing a freshwater bath, the mucus of the fish body is reduced, the dactylogyrus is better exposed, then, the parasites on the gill part and the body surface of the pseudopterus sedentary are killed by utilizing the osmotic pressure generated by seawater, meanwhile, the insect body is separated by utilizing the fish stress reaction, and finally, the dead insect body is removed by utilizing freshwater flow. After 15-25 days, the method is used for treating once, and the method has the effect that if eggs in the gill wires of the last fish are not cleared, the eggs are cultivated for 15-25 days to hatch into larvae, and the larvae are hooked on the gill wires, so that the dactylogyrus can be cleared more effectively.
The invention needs to pay attention to the use of the netting gear, soft net sheets are selected, the fishing action is kept mild and soft, the injury of the fish body caused by people is avoided as much as possible, and the stress of the fish is reduced. The whole alternate operation of the fresh sea water takes longer time.
The invention utilizes the salty and fresh water alternate water bath to destroy the osmotic pressure balance in and out of the insect body, can kill the insect body and inhibit the development of eggs, does not influence the feeding and growth of the Qihua-sonchifolia, is an ideal natural and environment-friendly method for preventing and treating the Qihua-sonchifolia dactylophora dactylophorosis, has the advantages of high efficiency, no toxicity, no residue, no pollution to aquatic environment and the like, has better production practice significance, can meet the technical requirement of fully developing healthy cultivation at present although needing manpower, and is a development trend of aquatic disease prevention and treatment.
Advantageous effects
(1) The invention does not use chemical products, so that the microecological system in the large-scale culture water body is protected, protozoa such as ciliates, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria groups can be kept stable and balanced, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body are kept at extremely low levels, the automatic purification efficiency of the water body is maintained high, and good water quality conditions are more favorable for the growth and color development of the colorful immortal fish.
(2) The method effectively improves the killing effect of the dactylogyrus by using the method of alternating seawater bath, the death rate of dactylogyrus reaches 100%, the recurrence rate of parasites is obviously reduced, and the problem of preventing and controlling dactylogyrus diseases which plague the cultivation process of the pseudopterus multiflorus is solved.
Detailed Description
The application will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present application, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
Materials and methods: the seven-color immortal fish that severely infects dactylogyrus used in the test was provided by the eastern sea aquatic institute test base. The water temperature for the test is 28+/-1 ℃, the water body is oxygenated, and baits (beef heart hamburgers) are fed during the cultivation period. And randomly selecting 10 fish from the cement pool, taking full gill microscopic examination, if eggs are found on the gill, considering that the dactylogyrus survives, and observing and counting the number of dactylogyrus bodies and eggs on the gill. The infection rate of the test fish was 100%, and the average infection rate of each fish with dactylogyrus was about 20. The test was conducted in a control group, in which the test fish were not treated.
And (5) microscopic examination statistics: taking the whole gill of the test fish to manufacture a wet smear, observing the falling-off condition of the dactylogyrus from the gill part by low-power microscopic examination, observing whether death occurs if the falling-off condition does not occur, and judging whether the mouth organ or the trunk of the test fish does not have movement shrinkage condition within 2 minutes or not by observing the mouth organ or the trunk of the test fish to be regarded as death; the nymphs are regarded as survival when the nymphs undergo movement conditions such as shrinkage and expansion within 2 minutes; dactylogyrus eggs are considered viable if observed. The number of the survival dactylogyrus per fish gill is counted, and the insecticidal rate and the egg clearance rate are calculated (the formula is shown below). The method for evaluating the killing effect of the insect bodies takes the insect killing rate as a reference.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an ecological method for removing dactylogyrus on the body surface of a pseudosciaena crocea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Surrounding the colorful immortal fish (3 cm-5 cm) in the culture pond by a soft net ring, and then fishing out the colorful immortal fish and putting the colorful immortal fish into an isothermal oxygenated fresh water flow water tank for soaking for 5min.
(2) Transferring the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (1) into an isothermal oxygenated seawater flow water vat with the salinity of 22 per mill, and soaking for 1min.
(3) And (3) transferring the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (2) into another oxygenated fresh water flow vat for soaking for 10min, and then fishing out and transferring into an original culture pond or a new pond.
(4) Repeating the steps (1) - (3) once after 15 days.
After the second step (3) of soaking is performed, the fish gill is inspected by a microscope, no worm is found on 90% of the fish gill wires, dactylogyrus larva is observed on 10% of the fish gill, the worm is in a dead and static state, and no worm eggs are observed. The mortality of insects is counted by using a microscopic examination method, and the insecticidal rate can reach 100% by reasonably controlling the soaking time.
Comparative example 1
(1) Surrounding the colorful immortal fish (3 cm-5 cm) in the culture pond by a soft net ring, and then fishing out the fish, and putting the fish into an isothermal oxygenated fresh water flow water tank for soaking for 5min.
(2) Fishing out the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (1), and soaking the colorful immortal fish in an isothermal oxygenated seawater flow water tank with the salinity of 22 per mill for 1min;
(3) Transferring the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (2) into another oxygenated fresh water flow water vat for soaking for 10min, and then fishing out and transferring into an original culture pond or a new pond;
(4) Fishing out the fish body after 15 days for microscopic examination.
The killing effect of the insects is verified, the insects are not found on 90% of fish gills and the dactylogyrus larva living bodies or eggs are observed on 10% of fish gills by utilizing a microscope to check the fish gills. The insecticidal rate is 90%. Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, the invention can kill insects to 100% by adopting periodic repeated soaking, and has better insect killing effect.
Comparative example 2
(1) Surrounding the colorful immortal fish (3 cm-5 cm) in the culture pond by a soft net ring, and then fishing out the fish, and putting the fish into an isothermal oxygenated fresh water flow water tank for soaking for 5min.
(2) And (3) fishing out the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (1), and soaking the colorful immortal fish in an isothermal oxygenated seawater flow water tank with the salinity of 22 per mill for 1min.
(3) And (3) fishing out the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (2) and directly transferring the colorful immortal fish into an original culture pond or a new pond.
(4) Repeating the steps (1) - (3) once after 15 days.
After the second step (3) of soaking is performed, the fish gill is inspected by a microscope, no insect bodies and no insect eggs are found on 80% of fish gill wires, 20% of fish gills observe insect eggs, and the statistical insecticidal rate is 80%. Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 found that by re-soaking in fresh water, the risk of re-hatching eggs on gills was reduced to 100% by killing 90% of the eggs on gills, while comparative example 2 had an insecticidal rate of only 80% and only 80% of eggs on gills did not carry dactylogyrus.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological method of eliminating dactylogyrus on the body surface of a pseudosciaena crocea, the ecological method being for non-therapeutic purposes, comprising:
(1) Surrounding the colorful immortal fish in the culture pond by using a net, and then fishing out the colorful immortal fish and putting the colorful immortal fish into an isothermal oxygenated fresh water flow vat for soaking;
(2) Transferring the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (1) into an isothermal oxygenated seawater flow water vat with the salinity of 10-30 per mill for soaking;
(3) Transferring the soaked colorful immortal fish in the step (2) into another oxygenated fresh water flow vat for soaking, and then fishing out and transferring into an original culture pond or a new pond;
(4) Repeating the steps (1) - (3) after 15-25 days.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the pseudosciaena crocea in the step (1) is 2cm to 15cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the step (1) is 1-10 min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the soaking time in step (2) is 45s to 5min.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the step (3) is 1-10 min.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps (1) - (3) are repeated one time 15-25 days later in step (4).
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