CN105772501B - A kind of plant restoration method of underground pollution - Google Patents
A kind of plant restoration method of underground pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN105772501B CN105772501B CN201610287304.XA CN201610287304A CN105772501B CN 105772501 B CN105772501 B CN 105772501B CN 201610287304 A CN201610287304 A CN 201610287304A CN 105772501 B CN105772501 B CN 105772501B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plant restoration methods of underground pollution, comprising: centered on pollution sources, soil pollution environment is circumferentially descended in investigation, and simulating pollution plumage features of shape determines points of contamination, carries out well spacing；Limit plastic film is placed into well, and adds cultivation matrix into film, by rehabilitation plant transplanting in cultivation matrix；The limit plastic film is the hollow columnar structures of both ends open, and top is concordant with ground, and soil pollution region is in depth descended in bottom, and is higher than 0.5~1m of level of ground water, can circumferentially surround the root system for repairing plant, limit its cross growth；Rehabilitation plant is cultivated, until soil is up to standard.The characteristics of present invention is according to Pollution Plume, rehabilitation plant is planted in specific points of contamination, and is provided with limit plastic film in rehabilitation plant periphery, and rehabilitation plant is enable more reasonably to grow to the area to be repaired of underground pollution, remediation efficiency is improved, efficiently soil in-situ is realized and repairs purpose.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation sides that pollution law technical field more particularly to a kind of underground pollute
Method.
Background technique
By the process of industrialization of decades, a large amount of factories are shut down because of serious pollution.It is found by investigation, it is big absolutely
There is different degrees of pollution in most factories, and since the pollution time is long, geology multiplicity with a varied topography, pollution condition is more
It is complicated.Contaminated soil causes water deficiency to people, another aspect pollutant is everywhere on the one hand by direct polluted underground water
It is lauched transfer, not only pollutes underground, but also may also lower ground watchband carrys out serious ecocrisis to topography.
According to features of pollution, underground is polluted two classes of big reduction of a fraction by earth's surface: one kind is pollutant not by underground water and ground
The influence of shape is permeated to pollution sources underface, and is spread around, is formed so-called " pollution clouds "；Such pollution range can be pre-
It surveys, does not occur the case where pollutant transfer, can be removed, repaired or be isolated by engineering means.It is another kind of, it is that pollutant penetrates into
As landform, direction of groundwater flow deviate after to underground, strip contaminated zone is formed, referred to as " Pollution Plume ", its main feature is that earth's surface
Contaminated area is small, and earth's surface diffusion is unobvious, but as the increasing of pollution depth, pollutant concentration are gradually increased, diffusion phenomena are bright
Aobvious, contaminated area is likely to be breached the several times of earth's surface contaminated area to decades of times.This pollution type crypticity is strong, identity is poor,
Seriously polluted region can generally arrive the depth greater than 10m, huge by the engineerings reparation means project amount such as broken table, substantially can not
It carries out, and Engineering Disturbance unavoidably aggravates the diffusion of pollutant.And standard biologic is selected to repair means equally because of depth
It is difficult to carry out greatly.
Currently, it is more using the research report that plant restoration method administers underground contaminated soil, such as:
Application publication number is that the application for a patent for invention document of CN104607448A discloses a kind of reparation Cd contaminated soil
Or the method for water body, this method repair Cd contaminated soil or water body as vegetable material using the yellow violet in south, step is such as
Under: 1) by southern yellow violet sprigging into Cd contaminated soil or water body, soil is kept in the growth course after southern yellow violet
Or the pH value of water body is between 5~8；2) ground of the southern yellow violet of periodically harvesting or above water, continue into soil or water body
Cd content reaches environmental quality requirement.The sustainable cadmium extracted in soil and water body of this method, to remove in soil or water body
Cadmium pollution.
Application publication number is that the application for a patent for invention document of CN102553903A discloses a kind of repairing heavy metal pollution soil
The method of earth, this method selection soil nutrient and the lower heavy-metal contaminated soil of the content of organic matter are repaired；Plantation is repaired
Plant S.plumbizincicola；Until plant it is long to 5~10cm of plant height when, add organic waste and biological table respectively in plant roots circle area
Face activating agent；Every 60d, repeat to apply a biosurfactant to soil；After rehabilitation plant is mature, harvest ground and ground
Lower part, centralized processing；Measure heavy metal content in soil.This method is by biosurfactant by heavy metal from soil particle
It is upper to desorb, improve the biological effectiveness of heavy metal.
The above method mainly for rehabilitation plant type selection and cooperate rehabilitation plant soil-repairing agent research,
It is less for the research for how more reasonably adjusting rehabilitation plant root growth situation.Therefore, it is necessary to be directed to rehabilitation plant root
The growth of system and trend are studied, and to ensure that root system of plant can more effectively handle contaminated soil, improve soil remediation efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of plant restoration method of underground pollution, this method can reasonably adjust reparation and plant
Object root growth improves soil remediation efficiency.
A kind of plant restoration method of underground pollution, comprising:
(1) centered on pollution sources, soil pollution environment is circumferentially descended in investigation, and simulating pollution plumage features of shape determines dirty
Point is contaminated, well spacing is carried out；
(2) limit plastic film is placed into well, and adds cultivation matrix into film, by rehabilitation plant transplanting in cultivation matrix；
The limit plastic film is the hollow columnar structures of both ends open, and top is concordant with ground, and underground dirt is goed deep into bottom
Region is contaminated, and is higher than 0.5~1m of level of ground water, the root system for repairing plant can be circumferentially surrounded, limit its cross growth；
(3) rehabilitation plant is cultivated, until soil is up to standard.
The limit plastic film uses fluid-tight material, can limit the root system of rehabilitation plant within the specified range.As
It is preferred that the limit plastic film is tubular, and diameter is 0.6~0.8m, depth >=6m.
Preferably, the material of the limit plastic film is high density polyethylene (HDPE)；The material antiseepage, anti-corrosion can avoid surrounding water
The infiltration in source and long using the time.
To improve repairing effect, need that the factors such as soil, moisture content, air is made full use of to guide root system raw to deep soil
It is long；When root growth to limit plastic film bottom when, i.e., can extend out and scatter to four, form apparent rhizosphere effect；In the ginseng of microorganism
With lower degradable organic pollutant, or root system organic pollutant directly absorbed by transpiration, degrades or pass through in plant
Leaf volatilizees away, to realize the in-situ immobilization to bottom contaminated soil.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix is divided into several layers along longitudinal direction, from top to bottom, the silt content of cultivation matrix successively drops
Low, the content of organic matter successively increases.
It is further preferred that the cultivation matrix is divided into five layers, from top to bottom, the sand content of each layer is followed successively by 75~95%, 55~
65%, 35~45%, 25~34%, 5~15%, the content of organic matter is followed successively by 5~15%, 16~25%, 26~35%, 36~
45%, 46~55%.
The hierarchical Design of above-mentioned cultivation matrix is conducive to the growth of root system of plant and constantly extends to deep soil.
In addition, preferably, interting to the inner vertical of the limit plastic film for providing water and air for cultivation matrix
Delivery pipe；Convenient for watering to root system of plant, while root system is guided to grow to deeper soil layer using root system hydrotropism；It is raw in plant
It is mainly used to water long early period, normally survives in plant, after root system independently absorbs water, this delivery pipe is helped mainly as snorkel
In meeting root system of plant to the needs of air.
Preferably, offering several sprocket holes in the delivery pipe.
Preferably, sprocket hole is arranged at equal intervals in the delivery pipe.
Preferably, the sprocket hole of several equal apertures is arranged on the sustained height of the delivery pipe.
Further, the diameter of the delivery pipe is 10~15cm；The diameter of the sprocket hole is 0.8~1.0cm.It is described
Delivery pipe is inserted directly into the bottom concordant with limit plastic film.
In order to avoid cultivation matrix enters in the sprocket hole of delivery pipe, it is stainless that one layer of 10 purpose is wrapped up in the periphery of delivery pipe
Steel wire (aperture 2mm).In addition, the water content of all cultivation matrixes is 75~85%, favorably when inserting cultivation matrix
In the survival of plant, it also can avoid farinose material and entered in sprocket hole by aperture.
The initial planting of rehabilitation plant needs timing to water to earth's surface, is carried out after plant successfully survives by delivery pipe
Plant growth situation is often observed in watering, and moisture is replenished in time, and guarantees that plant normally survives.
After plant survival, needs to limit progress sealing treatment at the top of plastic film, enter to avoid rainwater from top.As excellent
The top of choosing, the limit plastic film is equipped with antiseepage film, offers the opening passed through for delivery pipe in antiseepage film.
Preferably, the determination method of the points of contamination includes: to choose the depth of the Pollution Plume within 6~10m
Region determines points of contamination out of this region.
Preferably, the rehabilitation plant is poplar or willow.It is deeper that the root system of this trees penetrates soil, selects the age of tree
2 years or more tree species are easy to survive, absorb water and dirt-removing power is strong.
Specifically, the poplar is Xinjiang poplar or gray poplar；The willow is Salix fragilis L. or Salix
nigra。
According to the size of planting plants tree crown, under the premise of plant growth does not influence each other, kind as far as possible densely
Plant is planted, preferably, the spacing in the rows of the rehabilitation plant is 5~8m.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The characteristics of present invention is according to Pollution Plume is planted rehabilitation plant in specific points of contamination, and is set in rehabilitation plant periphery
Limit plastic film has been set, so that rehabilitation plant is more reasonably grown to the area to be repaired of underground pollution, improves remediation efficiency, it is real
Show efficiently soil in-situ and repairs purpose.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is underground Polluted area schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the phytoremediation polluted for underground；
Wherein, 1, reparation plant；2, plastic film is limited；3, cultivation matrix；4, delivery pipe；5, sprocket hole；6, antiseepage film；
A is overground part；B is underground part pure land region；E is underground part contaminated soil region；H is underground water saturated zone.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained With reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
With poplar (Xinjiang poplar) for rehabilitation plant, tested.
A kind of plant restoration method of underground pollution, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) centered on pollution sources, pollutant kind, depth and the concentration in Soil Surrounding are investigated, according to dirt
Object investigation result is contaminated, is drawn up by Surfer software film and makees the features of shape of three-dimensional Pollution Plume, (as shown in Figure 1).
(2) select Pollution Plume depth for the points of contamination of range within 6~10m, digging diameter 0.7m, depth above Ground under
The deep-well of 0.5~1m of water level.
(3) high density polyethylene (HDPE) that the hollow cylindrical configuration of both ends open is placed into well limits plastic film, makes to limit plastic film outer wall
Recline deep-well inner wall, and keeps limit plastic film top concordant with ground, and bottom stretches to deep-well bottom.
(4) cultivation matrix that water content is 80% is added into limit plastic film, wherein cultivation matrix is divided into contour along longitudinal direction
Five layers of degree, from top to bottom, the amount containing yellow ground of each layer is followed successively by 80%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 10%, and organic matter (muck) contains
Amount is followed successively by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%；Remaining group is divided into unselected clay.
(5) poplar of 2 years or more the age of trees is transplanted into cultivation matrix again, planting depth is between 1.5~2m, spacing in the rows
For 6m, cultivated.
(6) it during cultivating, is used to provide the defeated of water and air for cultivation matrix to inner vertical interspersed one of limit plastic film
Pipe is sent, the sprocket hole being arranged at equal intervals is offered in delivery pipe, and is provided with the sprocket hole of several equal apertures on sustained height,
Internal diameter of delivery hose is 12cm, conveying bore dia is 0.8cm.
The initial planting of rehabilitation plant, periodically to earth's surface watering until plant transplantation success passes through antiseepage after plant survival
Film will be limited at the top of plastic film and be sealed, and the opening passed through for delivery pipe be offered in antiseepage film, then pour water by delivery pipe,
Each irrigation quantity is 20L, and the 1st month is once a day, and the 2nd month is twice a week, 3-4 months are 1 times a week, backsight trees
The situation of surviving takes the circumstances into consideration to pour water, and trees is enable normally to survive.When without pouring water, delivery pipe is cultivation base as vent line
Matter provides air.
(7) according to step (6), rehabilitation plant poplar is persistently cultivated, until soil is up to standard.
According to above-mentioned implantation methods, rehabilitation plant, which is planted 1 year or so, to survive, its root system can reach dirt in 2~3 years
Contaminate the edge in region.After the Poplar Roots planted reach Polluted area, root system of plant can be obtained from deep soil
Moisture, and by the pollutant absorption and transport in soil to plant shoot, pass through detection overground part branches and leaves, stem and underground part root
The content of pollutant in system, judges the content of heavy metal and organic pollutant.
The place of planting is typical industry contaminated site, and pollutant includes the heavy metals such as cadmium, zinc, lead and copper, trichlorine
Ethylene, nitrobenzene, benzene homologues, Polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon；Through detecting, wherein cadmium concentration 19mg/kg, zinc concentration are
950mg/kg, lead concentration 740mg/kg, copper concentration 460mg/kg；The mean concentration of trichloro ethylene and nitrobenzene is 81mg/
Kg and 149mg/kg；The average pollution concentration of benzene homologues is 45.3mg/kg；The average pollution concentration of Polychlorinated biphenyls is 69.6mg/
kg；The average pollution concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is 15.4mg/kg.
Poplar is detected to the absorbing state of underground Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils and organic matter.
The specific detection method is as follows: rehabilitation plant being taken to plant the 3rd year blade, stem and root system, measurement blade, stem and root
The content (being measured after being cleared up completely with acid solution by ICP-OES) of each heavy metal element and organic matter, understands poplar plantation in system
The 3rd year absorbing state to underground Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils and organic matter, the results are shown in Table 1.The measurement of following index
Method is such as all made of conventional determining method without special indicate.
Absorption of 1 poplar of table to soil common contaminant, removal effect
Note: in above-mentioned heavy metal repair process, poplar does not show toxic effect.
Embodiment 2
With willow (Salix nigra) for rehabilitation plant, tested, specific restorative procedure and measuring method with implementation
Example 1 is identical, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Absorption of 2 willow of table to soil common contaminant, removal effect
Note: in above-mentioned heavy metal repair process, willow does not show toxic effect.
Poplar and willow after planting the 3rd year can be clearly planted to heavy metal and organic contamination from by the above results
Object has apparent extraction effect, and Er Qiegen, stem, leaf are different to the accumulation ability of pollutant.For heavy metal major embodiment
In the accumulation of plant, and degradation may occur in root system of plant, plant for some organic pollutants, and part is volatilizable
Pollutant can pass through the transpiration of blade.
By taking heavy metal pollution as an example, in the poplar or willow that a dry weight is 150kg, heavy metal distribution is in trunk and often
Two parts of blade that year falls off, trunk are as shown in table 3 to the extraction effect of heavy metal.Except trunk, tree root mention heavy metal
Take outer, the blade to fall off every year is also accumulated from plurality of heavy metal, and the leaf for generating 10~30kg every year with each tree calculates, then and 10
Annual meeting generates the blade of 100-300kg, and heavy metals removal amount is suitable with the trunk removal amount of a 150kg.
The every poplar of table 3, willow are to the extraction effect of heavy metal
It can be seen from the results above that willow and poplar are complicated, various to the removal effect of organic contamination, target contaminant
Including pesticide, trichloro ethylene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polychlorinated biphenyls etc..Root system of plant helps to maintain the multiplicity of biological community structure
Property, significantly improve the degradability of organic pollutant.
Therefore, the low molecular organic material that major part is easy degradation is degraded under the microbial action of root system of plant and quilt
Plant utilizes as nutriment, and a small amount of refractory organic compounds absorb moisture with root system of plant and enter plant, and then part is logical
The effects of crossing rising, internal degradation discharge or decomposing organic pollutant, minute quantity organic matter remain in plant.
Scope of activities by limiting root system of plant can effectively increase the contact area of root system of plant and underground water, enhancing
Root system of plant absorbs and the ability of degradation of contaminant.According to the studies above data, deep root tree species are planted into Pollution Plume --- willow
Tree, poplar can effectively degrade or absorb organic contamination weight and the heavy metal in underground water, significantly reduce and pollute in underground water
The content of object provides new method to place deep layer polluted soil phyto reparation.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of plant restoration method of underground pollution characterized by comprising
(1) centered on pollution sources, soil pollution environment is circumferentially descended in investigation, and simulating pollution plumage features of shape determines points of contamination,
Carry out well spacing；
(2) limit plastic film is placed into well, and adds cultivation matrix into film, by rehabilitation plant transplanting in cultivation matrix；
The limit plastic film is the hollow columnar structures of both ends open, and top is concordant with ground, and soil pollution area is in depth descended in bottom
Domain, and it is higher than 0.5~1m of level of ground water, the root system for repairing plant can be circumferentially surrounded, its cross growth is limited；
Intert to the inner vertical of the limit plastic film for providing the delivery pipe of water and air for cultivation matrix；The delivery pipe
The sprocket hole of several equal apertures is set on sustained height；The diameter of the delivery pipe is 10~15cm；The sprocket hole it is straight
Diameter is 0.8~1.0cm；The delivery pipe is inserted directly into the bottom concordant with limit plastic film；One layer is wrapped up in the periphery of delivery pipe
The aperture of 10 mesh is the stainless steel cloth of 2mm；The top of the limit plastic film is equipped with antiseepage film, offers in antiseepage film for delivery pipe
The opening passed through；
The cultivation matrix is divided into several layers along longitudinal direction, and from top to bottom, the silt content of cultivation matrix successively reduces, the content of organic matter
Successively increase；The cultivation matrix is divided into five layers, and from top to bottom, the sand content of each layer is followed successively by 75~95%, 55~65%, 35
~45%, 25~34%, 5~15%, the content of organic matter is followed successively by 5~15%, 16~25%, 26~35%, 36~45%, 46
~55%；
(3) rehabilitation plant is cultivated, until soil is up to standard；The rehabilitation plant is poplar or willow.
2. plant restoration method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the material of the limit plastic film is high-density polyethylene
Alkene.
3. plant restoration method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the determination method of the points of contamination includes: to choose
Region of the depth of the Pollution Plume within 6~10m determines points of contamination out of this region.
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| CN107278654A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-24 | 中国计量大学 | Promote the method for paddy rice stem heavy metal cadmium accumulation and its rice plant of preparation using 24 Epibrassinolides |
| CN108607874A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-10-02 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | A kind of restorative procedure of north abandoned location of industry and mining heavy metal pollution |
| CN109317513A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-12 | 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 | Northern river low-lying land soil pollution repair system |
| CN109590318B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-03-19 | 河海大学 | Device for absorbing pollutants by utilizing root system of gramineous plant |
| CN110252802A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 云南大学 | A method of promoting phytoremediation heavy metal polluted soil in mine field |
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