CN105772099B - 一种离子液体及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种离子液体及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN105772099B
CN105772099B CN201610283237.4A CN201610283237A CN105772099B CN 105772099 B CN105772099 B CN 105772099B CN 201610283237 A CN201610283237 A CN 201610283237A CN 105772099 B CN105772099 B CN 105772099B
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李红喜
郭斌
郎建平
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种离子液体及其制备方法和用途。具体而言,本发明的离子液体具有如式I所示的结构式,其制备方法如下:在惰性气体保护下,将摩尔比为1:1~1.5的2‑(3,5‑二甲基‑1H‑吡唑‑1‑基)‑6‑(1H‑咪唑‑1‑基)吡啶和2,2,6,6‑四甲基氧化哌啶‑4‑基2‑碘代乙酸酯加入到经除水除氧处理的溶剂中,加热至回流,并搅拌反应15~20小时,得到离子液体。该离子液体与铜催化剂以1~1.5:1的摩尔比形成催化体系后,能够以较高的产率催化氧化芳香族甲醇,得到相应的芳香醛或芳香酮。

Description

一种离子液体及其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明属于催化化学技术领域,涉及一种离子液体,特别是一种包含吡唑-吡啶双齿配位基团片段和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物片段的离子液体,其制备方法,及其在催化氧化芳香族甲醇中的用途。
背景技术
醛和酮是药物、农药和精细化学品等化学制剂合成过程中的重要中间体,通常都通过醇的氧化来实现。传统的氧化方法使用化学计量的铬酸盐、高锰酸盐、有机过氧酸等试剂作为氧化剂,但是这些氧化剂的使用带来了极大的环境污染。
为了克服上述缺点,越来越多的研究都集中在利用过渡金属(例如钌、铑、钯等)催化剂来实现氧化反应。然而,这些过渡金属催化剂成本较高,限制了在有机合成领域中的应用,铜催化剂的使用成功克服了这一缺陷。
近年来,许多研究小组开发出不同的铜盐和含氮有机物(作为均相催化剂使用)以及硝酰基(作为共催化剂使用)来高效催化醇氧化成相应的醛或酮。为了进一步降低催化剂的成本,可以使用非均相铜催化剂或水溶性铜催化剂,实现了金属催化剂的循环利用,但是反应中所使用的共催化剂硝酰基如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)却无法实现循环利用。由于TEMPO等共催化剂的成本同样较高,因此亟需一种能够使金属催化剂和共催化剂同时重复使用的催化体系。
发明内容
具体而言,本发明的目的在于提供一种新颖的离子液体(TEMPO-IL-PZPY)及其制备方法和用途。该离子液体的结构中包含吡唑-吡啶双齿配位基团(PZPY)片段和2,2,4,4-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)片段,能够与金属铜催化剂联合催化氧化芳香族甲醇来制备相应的芳香醛或芳香酮。另外,在作为溶剂的离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim]BF4)中可以循环利用5次以上,实现了2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物和金属铜催化剂同时重复使用的目的。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种离子液体,其结构式如式(I)所示:
其中:阳离子为咪唑鎓离子,阴离子为碘离子。
一种上述离子液体的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
按照1:1~1.5的摩尔比,将如式(II)所示的2-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶和如式(III)所示的2,2,6,6-四甲基氧化哌啶-4-基2-碘代乙酸酯加入到反应容器中,在惰性气体保护下,加入经除水除氧处理的溶剂,加热至回流,搅拌反应15~20小时,得到离子液体。
优选的,在上述制备方法中,所述2-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶和所述2,2,6,6-四甲基氧化哌啶-4-基2-碘代乙酸酯之间的摩尔比为1:1.2。
优选的,在上述制备方法中,所述惰性气体选自氮气、氖气、氩气中的任意一种,优选氮气。
优选的,在上述制备方法中,所述溶剂选自四氢呋喃、乙腈、甲苯中的任意一种,优选四氢呋喃。
优选的,在上述制备方法中,所述搅拌通过磁力搅拌装置来完成。
优选的,在上述制备方法中,所述反应的时间为18小时。
一种催化体系,其包含上述离子液体和铜催化剂,其中:所述离子液体和所述铜催化剂之间的摩尔比为1~1.5:1,优选1.2:1;所述铜催化剂选自氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜中的任意一种,优选溴化亚铜。
上述离子液体和上述催化体系在催化氧化芳香族甲醇中的用途。
优选的,在上述用途中,所述催化体系和所述芳香族甲醇之间的摩尔比为1:10~30,优选1:20。
优选的,在上述用途中,所述催化氧化在氧气气氛中进行。
优选的,在上述用途中,所述催化氧化在作为溶剂的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐中进行。
优选的,在上述用途中,在所述催化氧化完成后,向经无水乙醚、无水正己烷或无水四氢呋喃(优选无水乙醚)萃取后的反应体系中重新加入所述芳香族甲醇,即可进行下一轮的催化氧化,实现所述催化体系的重新使用。
与现有技术相比,采用上述技术方案的本发明具有下列优点:本发明首次披露了一种同时包含作为共催化剂的2,2,4,4-四甲基哌啶氧化物片段和用于与金属铜配位结合的片段的离子液体,实现了2,2,4,4-四甲基哌啶氧化物与金属铜离子同时循环利用的效果,能够至少循环5次,并且采用本发明的离子液体能够以较高的产率催化氧化芳香族甲醇,得到相应的芳香醛或芳香酮。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明做出进一步的描述。除非另有说明,下列实施例中所使用的试剂、材料、仪器等均可通过商业手段获得。
实施例1:TEMPO-IL-PZPY的制备。
根据Fanlong Zeng, Zhengkun Yu, J. Org. Chem., 2006, 71, pp5274-5281中报道的方法合成2-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶。
根据类似于Xue-E Wu, Li Ma, Meng-Xian Ding, et al., TEMPO-DerivedTask-Specific Ionic Liquids for Oxidation of Alcohols[J], Synlett., 2005, 4,pp607-610中报道的方法合成2,2,6,6-四甲基氧化哌啶-4-基2-碘代乙酸酯,具体过程如下:将4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶-N-氧化物(4-OH-TEMPO,0.72 g,4.2 mmol)、碘乙酸(0.78 g,4.2 mmol)、二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,0.95 g,4.6 mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.05 g,0.4 mmol)加入圆底烧瓶中,并加入20 mL无水二氯甲烷,于40℃干燥条件下回流反应12 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,减压抽滤,滤液减压旋蒸后,进行硅胶柱色谱分离,展开剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=7:1(v/v),得到以红色固体形式存在的2,2,6,6-四甲基氧化哌啶-4-基2-碘代乙酸酯(0.85 g,产率59%)。
元素分析:C11H19INO3理论值(%):C 38.84, H 5.63, N 4.12;测试值(%):C 39.31,H 5.65, N 4.27。
HR-MS:理论值C11H19INO3:340.0410;测试值:341.0463 [M+H]+
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.98 (ddd, J = 15.5, 11.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.54(s, 2H), 1.88-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.55 (t, J = 11.8 Hz, 2H), 1.13 (d, J = 12.5 Hz,12H)。
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3046(w), 2965(w), 1715(s), 1466(w), 1416(w), 1311(m),1281(s), 1178(m), 1093(s), 984(m)。
将2-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶(239 mg,1 mmol)和2,2,6,6-四甲基氧化哌啶-4-基2-碘代乙酸酯(408 mg,1.2 mmol)置于装有磁力搅拌子的三口烧瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入经除水除氧处理的四氢呋喃(30 mL),加热至回流,搅拌反应18 h,反应过程中会有淡黄色固体析出,反应结束后,抽滤,依次采用无水四氢呋喃和无水乙醚洗涤,得到以固体形式存在的目标产物TEMPO-IL-PZPY(产率81%)。
元素分析:C24H32N6O3I理论值(%):C, 49.75; H, 5.57; N, 14.50;测试值(%):C,49.61; H, 5.57; N, 14.24。
HR-MS:理论值C24H32N6O3:452.2530,测试值:452.2525 [M+H]+
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.83 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H),7.89 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),7.46 (s, 1H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 5.46 (s, 2H), 5.12-5.04 (m, 1H), 2.59 (s, 3H),2.20 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.67 (t, J = 11.8 Hz, 2H), 1.14 (d, J = 23.2Hz, 12H)。
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3084 (w), 2976 (w), 1784 (s), 1612 (m), 1586 (m), 1484(m), 1453 (s), 1384 (w), 1360 (m), 1280 (w), 1220 (s), 811 (m), 725 (w)。
m. p.:温度达到143℃时开始融化,达到190℃时完全融化。
实施例2:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化苯甲醇。
将苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物苯甲醛(产率90%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 7.90 (m, 2H), 7.69 (d, J =4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 193.0,136.2, 134.5, 129.4, 129.1。
实施例3:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化2-甲基苯甲醇。
将2-甲基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入 [bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物2-甲基苯甲醛(产率92%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.23 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H),7.55 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H),2.61 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 193.3, 140.1, 133.9, 133.8, 131.7,131.3, 126.4, 19.0。
实施例4:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化3-甲基苯甲醇。
将3-甲基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜 (0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入 [bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物3-甲基苯甲醛(产率95%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.98 (s, 1H), 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.51 (dt, J =15.3, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 193.3, 138.7,136.3, 135.2, 129.7, 129.1, 126.9, 20.7。
实施例5:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化4-甲基苯甲醇。
将4-甲基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物4-甲基苯甲醛(产率98%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.95 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H),7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 192.6,145.2, 134.0, 129.7, 129.6, 21.4。
实施例6:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化2-甲氧基苯甲醇。
将2-甲氧基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物2-甲氧基苯甲醛(产率94%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.46 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H),6.76 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H),3.01 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 189.0, 161.5, 136.4, 127.7, 124.1,120.5, 112.6, 55.8。
实施例7:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化3-甲氧基苯甲醇。
将3-甲氧基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物3-甲氧基苯甲醛(产率96%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.98 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H),7.41 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.25 (m, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ193.0, 159.8, 137.6, 130.3, 122.5, 121.0, 112.9, 55.4。
实施例8:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化4-甲氧基苯甲醇。
将4-甲氧基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物4-甲氧基苯甲醛(产率99%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.87 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H),7.12 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 191.3,164.2, 131.8, 129.7, 114.5, 55.7。
实施例9:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化4-叔丁基苯甲醇。
将4-叔丁基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物4-叔丁基苯甲醛(产率92%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.97 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H),7.63 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (s, 9H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 192.7,157.8, 133.9, 129.4, 125.9, 35.0, 30.7。
实施例10:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化胡椒醇。
将胡椒醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物胡椒醛(产率98%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.80 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H),7.31 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (s, 2H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 190.9, 152.7, 148.3, 131.5, 128.5, 108.5, 106.2, 102.3。
实施例11:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化4-硝基苯甲醇。
将4-硝基苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于70℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物4-硝基苯甲醛(产率67%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.16 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H),8.16 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 192.3, 150.6, 140.0,130.6, 124.2。
实施例12:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化4-氯苯甲醇。
将4-氯苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于70℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物4-氯苯甲醛(产率73%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.00 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H),7.68 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 192.0, 139.3, 134.8,131.1, 129.3。
实施例13:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化4-溴苯甲醇。
将4-溴苯甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于70℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物4-溴苯甲醛(产率80%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.99 (s, 1H), 7.87-7.81 (m, 4H);13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 192.3, 135.1, 132.3, 131.2, 128.6。
实施例14:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化3-吡啶甲醇。
将3-吡啶甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物3-吡啶甲醛(产率81%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.11 (s, 1H), 9.08 (m, 1H), 8.85 (d, J =3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J = 7.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H);13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 192.5, 154.6, 151.4, 136.0, 131.3, 124.4。
实施例15:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化2-噻吩甲醇。
将2-噻吩甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物2-噻吩甲醛(产率71%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.95 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H),8.03 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (m, 1H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 184.2,143.5, 137.8, 136.0, 128.9。
实施例16:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化糠醇。
将糠醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物糠醛(产率78%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.61 (s, 1H), 8.10 (m, 1H), 7.55 (d, J =3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.4,152.5, 149.2, 123.0, 112.9。
实施例17:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化1-萘甲醇。
将1-萘甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物1-萘甲醛(产率92%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.37 (s, 1H), 9.16 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H),8.20 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H),7.68 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 1H);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 194.1, 136.6, 135.1,133.2, 130.8, 129.7, 128.9, 128.6, 126.8, 125.2, 124.1。
实施例18:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化1,4-苯二甲醇。
将1,4-苯二甲醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.20 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.24 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.20 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物1,4-苯二甲醛(产率93%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.13 (s, 2H), 8.11 (s, 4H);13C-NMR (100MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 193.1, 139.7, 130.0。
实施例19:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化肉桂醇。
将肉桂醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.10 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.12 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.10 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物肉桂醛(产率92%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.68 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J =9.6, 6.0 Hz, 3H), 7.50-7.45 (m, 3H), 6.88 (dd, J = 16.0, 7.8 Hz, 1H);13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 194.4, 153.1, 134.0, 131.2, 129.0, 128.7, 128.5。
实施例20:TEMPO-IL-PZPY催化氧化1-苯乙醇。
将1-苯乙醇(2 mmol)、溴化亚铜(0.20 mmol)、TEMPO-IL-PZPY(0.24 mmol)和碳酸钠(0.20 mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌子的烧瓶中,然后加入[bmim]BF4(2 mL),在氧气气氛中,于50℃反应24 h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,用无水乙醚萃取(3×5 mL),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液后,再用硅胶色谱柱法进行分离纯化,得到目标产物苯乙酮(产率31%)。
1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.95 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (t, J = 7.8Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ198.3, 137.3, 133.3, 128.7, 128.5, 26.8。

Claims (10)

1.一种离子液体,其结构式如式I所示:
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的离子液体的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
按照1:1~1.5的摩尔比,将2-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶和2,2,6,6-四甲基氧化哌啶-4-基2-碘代乙酸酯加入到反应容器中,在惰性气体或氮气保护下,加入经除水除氧处理的溶剂,加热至回流,搅拌反应15~20小时,得到离子液体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述2-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶和所述2,2,6,6-四甲基氧化哌啶-4-基2-碘代乙酸酯之间的摩尔比为1:1.2。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述惰性气体选自氖气、氩气中的任意一种;
所述溶剂选自四氢呋喃、乙腈、甲苯中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述搅拌通过磁力搅拌装置来完成;
所述反应的时间为18小时。
6.一种催化体系,其包含根据权利要求1所述的离子液体和铜催化剂,其中:
所述离子液体和所述铜催化剂之间的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;
所述铜催化剂选自氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的催化体系,其特征在于:
所述离子液体和所述铜催化剂之间的摩尔比为1.2:1;
所述铜催化剂为溴化亚铜。
8.权利要求1所述的离子液体在催化氧化芳香族甲醇中的用途;
或者权利要求6所述的催化体系在催化氧化芳香族甲醇中的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于:
所述催化体系和所述芳香族甲醇之间的摩尔比为1:10~30。
10.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于:
所述催化氧化在氧气气氛中进行;
所述催化氧化在作为溶剂的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐中进行;
在所述催化氧化完成后,向经无水乙醚、无水正己烷或无水四氢呋喃萃取后的反应体系中重新加入所述芳香族甲醇,即可进行下一轮的催化氧化。
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