CN1057652A - 一种制备取代的无环核苷及其有关中间体的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备取代的无环核苷及其有关中间体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1057652A CN1057652A CN91104318A CN91104318A CN1057652A CN 1057652 A CN1057652 A CN 1057652A CN 91104318 A CN91104318 A CN 91104318A CN 91104318 A CN91104318 A CN 91104318A CN 1057652 A CN1057652 A CN 1057652A
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- formaldehyde
- purine
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Natural products O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 215
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- -1 formaldehyde acetal Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005108 alkenylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004176 ammonification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical group CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000000177 1,2,3-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008319 1H-pyrimidin-2-ones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- MWBWWFOAEOYUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopurine Chemical compound NC1=NC=C2N=CNC2=N1 MWBWWFOAEOYUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBJGQJWNMZDFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-7h-purin-6-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC(Cl)=NC2=C1NC=N2 HBJGQJWNMZDFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GIIGHSIIKVOWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NNN=C21 GIIGHSIIKVOWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MPOYBFYHRQBZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-pyridin-4-one Chemical class O=C1CC=NC=C1 MPOYBFYHRQBZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-azabenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=N1 GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLAQATDNGLKIEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1h-pyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=S)NC1=O ZLAQATDNGLKIEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DOBCLHOWEVRVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-6-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1h-pyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound N1C(=S)NC(=O)C(C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DOBCLHOWEVRVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XZLIYCQRASOFQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-imidazo[4,5-d]triazine Chemical class N1=NC=C2NC=NC2=N1 XZLIYCQRASOFQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRYKDUPGBWLLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azaadenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=NNN=C12 HRYKDUPGBWLLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-purine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=C2NC=NC2=N1 MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiouracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=S)N1 ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000000178 1,2,4-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 63
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 20
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DCERHCFNWRGHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](C)C Chemical compound C[Si](C)C DCERHCFNWRGHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000006700 (C1-C6) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000006766 (C2-C6) alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HEIVKJSAEDZKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(9-acetyl-6-chloropurin-2-yl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=NC(Cl)=C2N=CN(C(C)=O)C2=N1 HEIVKJSAEDZKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FLJPGEWQYJVDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium sulfate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FLJPGEWQYJVDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002212 purine nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- MRWXACSTFXYYMV-FDDDBJFASA-N nebularine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC=C2N=C1 MRWXACSTFXYYMV-FDDDBJFASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HRQGCQVOJVTVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(chloromethyl) ether Chemical compound ClCOCCl HRQGCQVOJVTVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002475 laxative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UJXJECMZMLSTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfinate Chemical compound COS(C)=O UJXJECMZMLSTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPZBTYRIGVOOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfanyl(methylsulfanylmethoxy)methane Chemical compound CSCOCSC CPZBTYRIGVOOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZZCIBFHZYEENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(6-chloro-7h-purin-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=NC(Cl)=C2NC=NC2=N1 RZZCIBFHZYEENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003797 solvolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical class CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000043 benzamido group Chemical group [H]N([*])C(=O)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.ClCCl YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种制备取代的无环核苷及其有关中间体的方
法,它可以通过下式(I)所示的对称的甲醛缩醛(其
中取代基R1-R3有具体的含意),把取代基(II)
引入含氮杂环体系而形成无环核苷类似物。
Description
本发明有关一种制备取代的无环核苷及其有关中间体的方法。无环嘌呤核苷诸如2-氨基-9-〔(1,3-双异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)-甲基〕嘌呤(参见EP A 0217207),2-氨基-7-〔(1,3-双异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)-甲基〕嘌呤和2-氨基-7-〔(1,3-二羟基-2-丙氧基)-甲基〕嘌呤(参见 DE C4008858.8),9-〔(1,3-二羟基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕鸟噁呤(参见 EP-A0049072),9-〔(2,3-二羟基-1-丙氧基)甲基〕鸟嘌呤(参见W·T·Ashton等在Biochem·Biophys·Res·Commun·108,1716(1982)发表的论文),9-〔(2-羟基乙氧基)甲基〕鸟嘌呤(参见H·J·Schaeffer等在Nature 272 583(1978)发表的论文)等是具有抗病毒活性的活性物质,它们可以通过不同的方法在嘌呤环系中加上活化的侧链来制备。
活化侧链有适当取代的烷醇的卤甲基醚,甲基硫代甲基醚,甲基亚硫酰甲基醚和甲基硫酰甲基醚以及酰氧甲基醚。
所有这些偶联方法都具有内在的制备上的缺点:比如卤甲基醚是不稳定的并且有毒;甲基硫代甲基醚,甲基亚硫酰甲基醚和甲基硫酰甲基醚在制备和反应中都产生副产物硫醇,从而给废水和废气的提纯带来问题,而酰氧甲基醚要末很难制纯,要末在制备过程中需要用二甲亚砜,后者总是和废水和废气排放问题连系在一起。
现已令人惊奇地发现,对称的甲醛缩醛可用于制备取代的无环核苷,而不存在上述的那些问题。
因而,本发明有关于一种制备取代的无环核苷的方法,它包括把具有式Ⅰ的醇
转化为具有式Ⅱ的甲醛缩醛
其中
R1是氢或被下列基团任意取代一次或多次的烷基,这些基团可以是卤素,叠氮基,烷氧基,烯氧基,炔氧基,烷硫基,烯硫基,炔硫基,二烷基氨基,二烯基氨基,二炔基氨基,苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚氨基,或-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种;
R2是烷基,苄基,-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种;
R3是氢或被下列基团任意取代一次或多次的烷基,这些基团可以是卤素,叠氮基,烷氧基,烯氧基,炔氧基,烷硫基,烯硫基,炔硫基,二烷基氨基,二烯基氨基,二炔基氨基、苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚氨基和/或-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是烷基中的一种;为引入基团
一个适当取代的含氮杂环体系和具有上式Ⅱ的化合物进行反应。
按照本发明的方法适用于制备取代的含氮杂环。可以提到的实例是嘌呤类如嘌呤,腺嘌呤,2-氯-6-氨基嘌呤,次黄嘌呤,6-硫代嘌呤,黄嘌呤,鸟嘌呤,2-氨基-6-巯基嘌呤,2,6-二氨基嘌呤,2-氨基嘌呤,2,6-二卤嘌呤;氮杂嘌呤类如8-氮杂嘌呤;8-氮杂腺嘌呤,8-氮杂鸟嘌呤;脱氮嘌呤类如1-脱氮嘌呤,3-脱氮嘌呤,7-脱氮嘌呤,9-脱氮嘌呤;苯骈咪唑类;吲 类;嘧啶类如胞嘧啶,5-卤代胞嘧啶,4-氨基-2-巯基嘧啶,尿嘧啶,5-卤代尿嘧啶,4-羟基-2-巯基嘧啶,胸腺嘧啶,4-羟基-2-巯基-5-甲基嘧啶,5-(2-溴乙烯基)尿嘧啶,6-取代的嘧啶类如6-苯基硫代胸腺嘧啶;2-羟基吡啶类,4-羟基吡啶类;1,2,3-三唑类,1,2,4-三唑类,四唑类;咪唑类;吡咯类。
这些对于制备取代的无环嘌呤和嘧啶核苷是特别重要的。
本发明所述的方法对于制备嘌呤核苷是特别重要的,其中所用的嘌呤衍生物是具有式Ⅵ所示的化合物:
其中Z1是三烷基硅基,R7是卤素,R8是三烷基硅基化的酰氨基,反应过程中形成具有式Ⅵa所示的化合物:
其中取代基R1-R8的意义已如上述,其后取代基R8可被溶剂解成为酰胺基。
本发明所述的方法对于制备下述嘌呤核苷也是特别重要的,即所用的嘌呤衍生物是具有式Ⅶ所示的化合物:
其中Z2是酰基,R9是卤素,R10是酰胺基,反应过程中形成具
其中取代基R1-R10的意义如上所述,其中取代基R9可通过氢解转化为氢并且/或取代基R10可通过氨解,氨化或水解转化为NH2。在上述方法中优选的取代基R1-R3就是那些在式Ⅱ所示化合物中指出为优选的取代基。
其中R1-R3的意义已如上述。式Ⅱ化合物中特别优选的有A)类,其中
R1是氢或被下列基团任意取代最多两次的烷基,这些基团可以是卤素,叠氮基,C1-C6烷氧基,C2-C6烯氧基,C2-C6炔氧基,C1-C6烷硫基,C2-C6烯硫基,C2-C6炔硫基,C1-C12二烷基氨基,C2-C12二烯基氨基,C2-C12-二炔基氨基,苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,并且/或是-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种;
R2是C1-C6-烷基,C2-C6-烯基,C2-C6炔基,苄基或-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种,
R3是氢或被下列基团任意取代最多两次的烷基,这些基团可以是卤素,叠氮基,C1-C6烷氧基,C2-C6烯氧基,C2-C6炔氧基,C1-C6烷硫基,C2-C6烯硫基,C2-C6炔硫基,C1-C12二烷基氨基,C2-C12二烯基氨基,C2-C12二炔基氨基,苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,并且/或是-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-P-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种。
式Ⅱ化合物中更特别优选的有B)类,其中:
R1是氢或被下列基团任意取代的C1-C6烷基,这些基团可以是C1-C6烷氧基,C2-C6烯氧基,C2-C6炔氧基,C1-C6烷硫基,苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚胺基和/或是-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种,
R2是C1-C6烷基,C2-C6烯基,C2-C6炔基,苄基或-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)基,其中R4和R5可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种,
R3是氢或被下列基团任意取代的C1-C6烷基,这些基团可以是C1-C6烷氧基,C2-C6烯氧基,C2-C6炔氧基,C1-C6烷硫基,苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚胺基和/或是-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种。
式Ⅱ化合物中最特别优选的有C)类,其中:
R1是氢,C1-C6-烷氧甲基,C2-C6-烯氧甲基,C2-C6炔氧甲基,苄氧甲基,-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-CH2-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-CH2-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-CH2-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-CH2-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5),其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种,
R2是C1-C6烷基,C2-C6烯基,C2-C6炔基或苄基,
R3是氢,C1-C6-烷氧甲基,C2-C6-烯氧甲基,C2-C6炔氧甲基,苄氧甲基,-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-CH2-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-CH2-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-CH2-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-CH2-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5),其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种。
上述作为取代基的烷基,烯基和炔基可以是直链,叉链或环状的,合适的烷基实例有甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,环戊基,环己基;合适的烯基实例有丙烯基,3-异丁烯基,3-环己烯基;合适的炔基实例有3-丙炔基或4-丁炔基。
所说的酰基可以是直链的,叉链的,脂环的或芳香的。合适的酰基实例有乙酰基,丙酰基,丁酰基,异丁酰基,戊酰基,环戊酰基,环己酰基,苯甲酰基或4-甲基苯甲酰基。
式Ⅱ化合物可以具有一个或多个手性中心。化合物通常是以外消旋混合物的形式存在,制备或拆分为纯的对映体是可能的。因此本发明既有关于纯的对映异构体,也有关于它们的混合物,例如有关的外消旋体。
此外本发明还有关于一种制备式Ⅱ所示化合物的方法,它包括把式Ⅰ所示化合物在一种催化剂存在的条件下,与多聚甲醛,甲醛二甲缩醛或甲醛二乙缩醛反应。为实施这一方法,可将式Ⅰ所示的醇与多聚甲醛,甲醛二甲缩醛或甲醛二乙缩醛,最好是甲醛以及一种溶剂例如甲苯一起混合,但最好不用溶剂,加入一种无机质子酸催化剂如浓硫酸或一种有机质子酸催化剂例如对甲苯磺酸,或一种阳离子交换树脂或Lewis酸催化剂如无水氯化钙或三氧化铁,以上催化剂中最好是对甲苯磺酸,在压力釜中加压加热,但最好就在大气压力下,于50℃-200℃,最好是100℃加热搅拌1至24小时,最好是3-7小时。反应中形成的水可通过蒸馏或恒沸蒸馏除去;另外,也可加入脱水剂如4 分子筛。甲醛(或其等价物)对醇的最佳摩尔比为0.2∶1.0至1.5∶1.0,优选的摩尔比0.33∶1.0。
类似的方法已在例如Houben-Weyl编的“Methoden der Organischen Chemie”(有机化学的方法)第Ⅵ/3卷第203页及以后各页中述及,该书由Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart 1965出版。
反应混合物可用通常的方法进行后处理,例如后处理时可把反应混合物进行真空分馏,但最好是把反应混合物溶于二烷基醚中,用水提取几次,用无水硫酸钠干燥后再进行真空分馏,分馏不仅得到具有式Ⅱ的对称甲醛缩醛,也能回收具有式Ⅰ的未反应的醇。
本发明特别有关于一种制备上述式Ⅵa化合物的方法,其中所用的嘌呤衍生物是上述式Ⅵ所示的化合物,其中的Z1是三烷基硅基,最好是三甲基硅基,R7是卤素,最好是氯,R8是三烷基硅化的酰胺基,最好是三甲基硅化的苯甲酰胺基或三甲基硅化的C1-C8脂肪酰胺基,特别是三甲基硅化的乙酰胺基。
按照本发明,把上述嘌呤衍生物和式Ⅱ所示的对称甲醛缩醛反应,其中的R1,R2和R3已在上文中述及A),B)和C)三类式Ⅱ化合物时说明,反应最好在一种非质子溶剂如苯,甲苯,二甲苯,乙腈,二氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷或它们的混合物组成的溶剂中,在一种酸性催化剂,最好是Lewis酸催化剂如三氯化铝,硫酸铝,三氯化铁,三氯化镓,四氯化锡,四氯化钛,三氟化硼,氟化铯,硫酸铯或三烷基硅基三氟甲烷磺酸酯,特别是三甲基硅基三氟甲烷磺酸酯存在的条件下进行,催化剂的用量在每种情况下都是所用对称甲醛缩醛用量的0.1-10当量,最好是0.8-7当量,反应温度-70℃-+80℃,最好是-40℃-+30℃,反应时间2至24小时,最好是2至6小时。
本方法具有很高的区域选择性、作为一条规律,区域选择性>>9∶1,主要产物是式Ⅵa所示的具体嘌呤衍生物的N7异构体,其中的R7在用水,水或醇的氨溶液或碳酸氢钠水溶液进行温和的溶剂解或通过醇解以除去活泼的三烷基硅基保护基之后是酰胺基。
式Ⅵa所示的产物可以进一步和别的嘌呤衍生物发生反应,如德国专利申请书P 4008858.8所述。
本发明还有关于一种制备上述Ⅶa化合物的方法,所用的嘌呤衍生物是上述式Ⅶ代表的化合物,其中Z2是苯甲酰基或C1-C8脂肪或脂环酰基,特别是乙酰基,R9是卤素,特别是氯,R10是苯甲酰基或C1-C8脂肪或脂环酰胺基,特别是乙酰胺基。按照本发明,把上述嘌呤衍生物与具有式Ⅱ所示的对称甲醛缩醛反应,其中的R1,R2和R3已在上文中述及A),B)和C)三类式Ⅱ化合物时说明。反应最好用一种极性非质子溶剂例如环丁砜,二甲亚砜,二甲基乙酰胺,二甲基甲酰胺或N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或它们的混合物,最好是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,在一种质子酸催化剂如对甲苯磺酸或双(4-硝基苯基)磷酸酯,最好是一种Lewis酸催化剂存在的条件下进行反应,例如三氯化铝,硫酸铝,三氯化铁,三氯化镓,四氯化锡,四氯化钛,氟化铯,硫酸铯,三氟化硼或三氟化硼-二烷基醚复合物,特别优选的是硫酸铝或三氟化硼-二烷基醚复合物;催化剂的用量在每种情况下都是所用对称甲醛缩醛用量的0.1-10当量,最好是0.2-5当量,反应温度0℃-200℃,最好在70℃至120℃之间,反应时间2-24小时,最好是2-8小时。本方法有很高的区域选择性,通常>>9∶1,主要产物是式Ⅶa所示的具体嘌呤衍生物的N9异构体。
本发明申请书另外还有关于具有下式的化合物:
其中R9是卤素或氢,R11是异丙基或苄基。
这些化合物具有抗病毒活性并且对于制备别的嘌呤核苷也是重要的。
本发明可用下面的具体实例作更详尽的说明。
实例1:
式Ⅱ化合物,其中R1是异丙氧基甲基,R2是异丙氧基,R3是氢。
105.6g(0.6mol)1,3-双异丙氧基-2-丙醇和6g(0.2mol)多聚甲醛,0.25g对甲苯磺酸在搅拌下慢慢加热到100℃。反应混合物在这温度下搅拌4小时。冷却后的反应混合物溶于二乙醚中,用水摇荡提取几次,有机相然后用无水硫酸钠干燥。分馏得到58.5g未反应的醇,沸点在0.7mmHg压力下为60℃,46.5g(基于多聚甲醛收率为61.5%)甲醛双-(1,3-双-异丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛,沸点在0.7mmHg柱压力下为130-134℃。1H NMR(60 MHz,CDCl3),δ〔ppm〕:4.93(S,2H),4.13-3.33(m,14H),1.15(d,24H)
用类似的方法可制备下列各化合物:
甲醛双-(1,3-双甲氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1,3-双乙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1,3-双丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1,3-双丁氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1,3-双环戊氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1,3-双环己氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-〔1,3-双(2-丁氧基)-2-丙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-〔1,3-双(2-甲基-3-丙氧基)-2-丙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-甲氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-乙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-丁氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-环戊氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-环己氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-〔1,3-双(3-丙烯氧基)-2-丙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-〔1-异丙氧基-3-(3-丙烯氧基)-2-丙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-(1,3-双苄氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-甲氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-乙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-乙硫基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-乙硫基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-甲硫基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-甲硫基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-3-N-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-N-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-2-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-〔1-异丙氧基-3-((0.0-二异丙基)膦酰基甲氧基)-2-丙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-〔1-异丙氧基-4-((0.0-二异丙基)膦酰基)-2-丁基〕缩醛
甲醛双-〔1-异丙氧基-4-(异丙氧基(甲基)磷酰基)-2-丁基〕缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-2-苄氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-2-甲氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-2-乙氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1,2-双-异丙氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1,2-双-苄氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-2-甲氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-2-异丙氧基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-苄氧基-1-乙硫基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-甲氧基-1-乙硫基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-异丙氧基-1-乙硫基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-苄氧基-1-N-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-3-丙基)缩醛
甲醛双-〔2-苄氧基-1-((0,0-二异丙基)膦酰甲氧基)-3-丙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-〔1-异丙氧基-2-((0,0-二异丙基)膦酰甲氧基)-3-丙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-(2-异丙氧基-1-乙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-甲氧基-1-乙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-乙氧基-1-乙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-丙氧基-1-乙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-丁氧基-1-乙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-苄氧基-1-乙基)缩醛
甲醛双-(2-乙硫基-1-乙基)缩醛
甲醛双-〔2-((0,0-二异丙基)膦酰甲氧基)-1-乙基〕缩醛
甲醛双-〔2-(异丙氧基(甲基)磷酰基)-1-乙基〕缩醛
实例2.1.:
式Ⅵa化合物,其中R7是氯,R8是乙酰胺基,R1是异丙氧基甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢
6.9克(0.033mol)2-乙酰胺基-6-氯嘌呤在28毫升干燥二甲苯中与28毫升六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)及0.2克硫酸铵于回流温度反应三小时,得到式Ⅵ化合物,其中R7是氯,R8是三甲基硅化的乙酰胺基,Z1是三甲基硅基。由反应混合物中除去溶剂和过量HMDS,然后溶于85毫升干燥的1,2-二氯乙烷中,在-30℃把它加到11.96克(0.033mol)甲醛双-(1,3-双异丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛(来自实例1)在85毫升干燥的1,2-二氯乙烷中所形成的溶液中,并在-30℃慢慢加入5毫升(0.026mol)三甲基硅基三氟甲烷磺酸酯,反应混合物在-30℃搅拌二小时,然后把混合物在搅拌下倾入500毫升冰水中并过滤,滤出物用50毫升1,2-二氯乙烷洗涤,从滤液分出有机相,水相用3×100毫升1,2-二氯乙烷提取三次,汇合的有机相用100毫升水提取一次,2×100毫升稀碳酸氢钠溶液提取两次,最后再用水提取一次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物的高压液相层析(HPLC)分析指出它是由N7取代和N9取代两种异构体以10∶1的比例组成的混合物,它可通过硅胶层析提纯,所用洗脱液为15/1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇,产物2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-7-〔(1,3-双-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤的产量为7.64克(理论收率的38%),熔点73-75℃。
1H NMR(270MH2,d6-DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.68(S,1H),8.84(S,1H),5.81(S,2H),3.71(m,1H),3.46-3.24(m,6H),2.18(S,3H),0.90(m,12H)
实例2.2.:
式Ⅵa化合物,其中R7是氯,R8是乙酰胺基,R1是氢,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
27.9克(0.132mol)2-乙酰胺基-6-氯嘌呤按实例2.1.所述方法转化为具有式Ⅵ的双-三甲基硅基化合物,其中R7=氯,R8=三甲基硅化的乙酰胺基,Z1=三甲基硅基。把它溶于340毫升1,2-二氯乙烷中,并在-30℃加到21.7克(0.096mol)甲醛双-(2-异丙氧基-1-乙基)缩醛(式Ⅱ化合物,其中R1是氢,R2是异丙基,R3是氢)在340毫升1,2-二氯乙烷中所形成的溶液中,在-30℃搅拌下往反应混合物中慢慢滴加20毫升(0.104mol)三甲基硅基三氟甲烷磺酸酯,在-30℃反应二小时后,按实例2.1.所述方法进行后处理,得到15.8克2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-7-(2-异丙氧乙氧甲基)嘌呤。(基于式Ⅱ所示的甲醛缩醛计算,收率为50%)熔点116-117℃。1HNMR(270MHz,d6-DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.51(S,1H),8.86(S,1H),5.78(S,2H),3.60(m,2H),3.50-3.40(m,3H),2.19(S,3H),0.97(d,6H)。
实例2.3.:
式Ⅵa化合物,其中R7是氯,R8是乙酰胺基,R1是氢,R2是苄基,R3是异丙氧甲基:
与甲醛双-(2-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-1-丙基)缩醛(式Ⅱ化合物,其中R1是氢,R2是苄基,R3是异丙氧甲基)进行类似的反应,以51%的收率得到2-2酰胺基-6-氯-7-〔(2-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-1-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤,为黄色糖浆状物。1HNMR(60MHz,d6DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.73(S,1H),8.90(S,1H),7.28(S,5H),5.80(S,2H),4.52(S,2H),3.65-3.20(m,6H),2.20(S,3H),0.92(d,6H)。
实例3.1:
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氯,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是异丙氧甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
把4.5克(0.011mol)甲醛双-(1,3-双异丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛(式Ⅱ化合物,其中R1是异丙氧甲基,R2是异丙氧基,R3是氢)加到2.54克(0.01mol)N2,N9-二乙酰基-6-氯嘌呤(式Ⅶ化合物,其中R9是氯,R10是乙酰胺基,Z2是乙酰基)在25毫升干燥的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)所形成的溶液中。在搅拌下滴加2.84克(2.5毫升,0.01mol)50%的三氟化硼乙醚浓溶液,反应混合物在100℃搅拌4小时。冷却后的反应混合物在搅拌下倾入冰,水及二氯甲烷的混合物中,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷提取三次,汇合的有机相用水提取,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并除去溶剂。粗产品的高压液相层析分析指出它是由N9和N7异构体以85∶1.7的比例组成的。将粗产物与二异丙醚一起搅拌,得到2.5克(理论收率的62.6%)2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-9-〔(1,3-双异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤,熔点106℃。1H NMR(60,MHz,d6-DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.83(S,1H),8.65(S,1H),5.70(S,2H),4.03-3.67(m,1H),3.63-3.17(m,6H),2.22(S,3H),0.90(d,12H)。
实例3.2。:
实例3.1.的化合物也可用下法制得:把0.01mol N2,N9-二乙酰基-6-氯嘌呤在干燥的NMP中,于100℃与0.011mol甲醛双-(1,3-双-异丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛以及0.1mol无水硫酸铝反应6小时,HPLC分析指出粗产物是由N9,N7两种异构体以73.6∶8.2的比例组成的混合物,从中可以61%的收率析离出2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-9-〔(1,3-双-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤。
例3.3.:
实例3.1.的化合物还可以用下法制得:把0.01molN2,N9-二乙酰基-6-氯嘌呤,0.011mol甲醛双-(1,3-双异丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛以及0.05mol四氯化锡在无水二甲基甲酰胺中于100℃加热搅拌8小时。粗产物的HPLC分析指出它是由N9和N7两种异构体以93.2∶2.4的比例组成的混合物,从中可以64%的产率析离出2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-9-〔(1,3-双-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤。
实例3.4.:
按实例3.3.所述进行反应,但用NMP代替二甲基甲酰胺作溶剂,结果按HPLC分析得到,由95.5N9异构体和2.4%N7异构体组成的混合物,从中可以75%的产率析离出2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-9-〔(1,3-双-异-丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤。
实例3.5.:
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氯,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是氢,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
把12.7克(0.05mol)N2,N9-二乙酰基-6-氯嘌呤和22.5克(0.55mol)甲醛双-(2-异丙氧基-1-乙基)缩醛(式Ⅱ化合物,其中R1是氢,R2是异丙基,R3是氢)以及65克(0.25mol)四氯化锡在125毫升NMP中于100℃反应4小时,按前述方法进行后处理并以9/1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇做法脱液将粗产物通过硅胶柱层析纯化后,得到9.5克(理论产量的58%)2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-9-〔(2-异丙氧基乙氧基)甲基〕。嘌呤,熔点135-137℃。1H NMR(270MHz,d6DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.84(S,1H),8.64(S,1H),5.60(S,2H),3.69-3.65(m,2H),3.54-3.41(m,3H),2.21(S,3H),0.99(d,6H)。
实例3.6.:
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氯,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是氢,R2是苄基,R3是异丙氧基甲基:
和实例3.5.所述相似,与甲醛双-(2-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-1-丙基)缩醛(式Ⅱ化合物,其中R1是氢,R2是苄基,R3是异丙氧基)反应,以53%的收率得到2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-9-〔(2-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-1-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤,熔点87-89℃。
1H NMR(60MHz,d6DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.87(S,1H),8.67(S,1H),7.28(S,5H),5.63(S,2H),4.51(S,2H),3.73-3.22(m,6H),2.20(S,3H),0.95(d,6H)。
实例3.7。:
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氯,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是苄氧甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
和实例3.1.所述相似,与甲醛双-(1-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-2-丙基)缩醛(式Ⅱ化合物,其中R1是苄氧甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢)反应,即产生2-乙酰胺基-6-氯-9-〔(1-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤,为油状物。1H NMR(270MHz,d6DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.82(S,1H),8.63(S,1H),7.33-7.14(m,5H),5.69(S,2H),4.39(S,2H),4.04(m,1H),3.49-3.25(m,5H),2.20(S,3H),0.91(2d,6H)。
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是卤素,最好是氯,R10是苯甲酰基或C1-C8脂肪或脂环酰胺基,最好是乙酰胺基,R1,R2和R3如前所定义,可以转化为式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氢,R10是苯甲酰基或C1-C8脂肪或脂环酰胺基,最好是乙酰胺基或氨基,R1最好是异丙氧基甲基,R2最好是异丙基,R3最好是氢。经优选的方法包括把式Ⅶa化合物中的R9基团氢解并把R10基团(其余R1,R2和R3已如前所定义)进行氨解,氨化或水解。
实例4.1.:
把式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氯,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是异丙氧基甲基,R2是异丙氧基,R3是氢,转化为Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氢,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是异丙氧基甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
把10.5克(0.026mol)实例3.1.的化合物溶于220毫升甲醇,加入2.2克钯炭(10%)催化剂和7毫升三乙胺,混合物在室温与氢反应。在吸收理论量的氢之后,过滤除去催化剂,滤出物用甲醇洗,并从溶液中除去溶剂,结晶的残余物放入乙酸乙酯中搅拌,过滤,滤出物用乙酸乙酯洗,滤液除去溶剂,残余物用硅胶层析纯化,用9/1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇作洗脱液,得到8.9克(理论量的93.8%2-乙酰胺基-9-〔(1,3)-双-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤,熔点85-86℃。1H NMR(60MNz,d6-DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.60(S,1H),9.03(S,1H),8.60(S,1H),5.70(S,2H),3.93(m,1H),3.67-3.22(m,6H),2.25(S,3H),0.93(d,12H)。
实例4.2.:
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氢,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是苄氧甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
用相似于实例4.1.所述的方法,可由实例3.7.的化合物制得2-乙酰胺基-9-〔(1-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤,为油状物,1H NMR(270MHz,d6-DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:10.58(S,1H),8.98(S,1H),8.57(S,1H),7.34-7.17(m,5H),5.69(S,2H),4.39(S,2H),4.03(m,1H),3.49-3.25(m,5H),2.21(S,3H),0.92(d,6H)。
实例4.3.:
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氢,R10是乙酰胺基,R1是异丙氧基甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢转化为式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氢,R10是氨基,R1是异丙氧基甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
17克(0.047mol)实例4.1.的化合物在85毫升甲醇中的溶液和85毫升40%浓度的甲胺水溶液回流加热两小时。从冷却的溶液中除去甲醇,然后用活性炭处理,过滤,用稀醋酸中和,氯化钠饱和后用二氯甲烷提取几次。有机相用饱和食盐水洗,用无水硫酸钠干燥,除去溶剂后用硅胶层析纯化,洗脱液为9/1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇。这样可得到13.2克(理论量的86.9%)2-氨基-9-〔(1,3-二异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕嘌呤,熔点89-90℃。
1H NMR(270MHz,d6-DMSO),δ〔ppm〕:8.59(S,1H),8.16(S,1H),6.52(S,2H),5.52(S,2H),3.80(m,1H),3.49-3.21(m,6H),0.97(m,12H)。
实例4.4.:
式Ⅶa化合物,其中R9是氢,R10是氨基,R1是苄氧甲基,R2是异丙基,R3是氢:
用类似于实例4.3.所述方法,可由实例4.2.的化合物制得2-氨基-9-〔(1-苄氧基-3-异丙氧基-2-丙氧基)甲基〕-嘌呤。
Claims (8)
1、一种制备取代的无环核苷的方法,其中包括把具有式Ⅰ
的醇类转化为具有式Ⅱ
的甲醛缩醛,其中
R1是氢或被下列基团任意取代一次或多次的烷基,这些基团可以是卤素,叠氮基,烷氧基,烯氧基,炔氧基,烷硫基,烯硫基,炔硫基,二烷基氨基,二烯基氨基,二炔基氨基,苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚氨基,或-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种;
R2是烷基,苄基,-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种;
R3是氢或被下列基团任意取代一次或多次的烷基,这些基团可以是卤素,叠氮基,烷氧基,烯氧基,炔氧基,烷硫基,烯硫基,炔硫基,二烷基氨基,二烯基氨基,二炔基氨基,苄氧基,苄硫基,二苄基氨基或邻苯二甲酰亚氨基,或-P(O)(OR4)(OR5),-P(R6)(O)(OR5),-O-CH2-P(O)(OR4)(OR5)或-O-CH2-P(R6)(O)(OR5)基,其中R4,R5和R6可相互独立地是C1-C6烷基中的一种;为引入基团
一个适当取代的含氮杂环体系和具有上式Ⅱ的化合物进行反应。
2、如权利要求1所说,其中含氮杂环体系是选自下列各类化合物:
嘌呤类如嘌呤,腺嘌呤,2-氯-6-氨基嘌呤,次黄嘌呤,6-硫代嘌呤,黄嘌呤,鸟嘌呤,2-氨基-6-巯基嘌呤,2,6-二氨基嘌呤,2-氨基嘌呤,2,6-二卤嘌呤;氮杂嘌呤类如8-氮杂嘌呤,8-氮杂腺嘌呤,8-氮杂鸟嘌呤;脱氮嘌呤类如1-脱氮嘌呤,3-脱氮嘌呤,7-脱氮嘌呤,9-脱氮嘌呤;苯骈咪唑类;吲 类;嘧啶类如胞嘧啶,5-卤代胞嘧啶,4-氨基-2-巯基嘧啶,尿嘧啶,5-卤代尿嘧啶,4-羟基-2-巯基嘧啶,胸腺嘧啶,4-羟基-2-巯基-5-甲基嘧啶,5-(2-溴乙烯基)尿嘧啶,6-取代的嘧啶类如6-苯基硫代胸腺嘧啶;2-羟基吡啶类,4-羟基吡啶类;1,2,3-三唑类,1,2,4三唑类,四唑类;咪唑类;吡咯类。
3、如权利要求1或2所说,其中含氮杂环体系是一种嘌呤衍生物。
8、一种如权利要求7中所说的方法,其中制备了下述化合物:
式中R9是卤素或氢,R11是异丙基或苄基。
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DE4020481A DE4020481A1 (de) | 1990-06-27 | 1990-06-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung von substituierten acyclischen nukleosiden und dabei auftretende zwischenprodukte |
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US5631202A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1997-05-20 | Montell Technology Company B.V. | Stereospecific metallocene catalysts with stereolocking α-CP substituents |
US6160072A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2000-12-12 | Ewen; John A. | Process for polymerizing tactioselective polyolefins in condensed phase using titanocenes |
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US4347360A (en) * | 1980-09-16 | 1982-08-31 | Ens Bio Logicals Inc. | Ring open nucleoside analogues |
ES8403128A1 (es) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-10-01 | Wellcome Found | "un procedimiento para preparar derivados de purina". |
US4816447A (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1989-03-28 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Anti-viral guanine compounds |
US4803271A (en) * | 1982-02-01 | 1989-02-07 | Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. | Process for preparing guanine derivatives |
US5059604A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1991-10-22 | Burroughs Wellcome Co. | 2-amino purine derivatives |
ES520140A0 (es) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-04-01 | Ind Farma Especial | Un procedimiento para la preparacion de acicloguanosina. |
US4897479A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1990-01-30 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Arylsulfonyloxy purine intermediates |
US4621140A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1986-11-04 | Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. | Process for preparing 2,6-substituted-9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-purines and certain derivatives |
US4801710A (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1989-01-31 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Regioselective synthesis of 9-substituted purine acyclonucleoside derivatives |
US4826981A (en) * | 1984-12-22 | 1989-05-02 | Krka | Process for preparing 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-guanine |
DE3627024A1 (de) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-04-02 | Hoechst Ag | In 6- und 9-stellung substituierte 2-aminopurine, ihre verwendung, diese purine enthaltende arzneimittel und verfahren zur herstellung der purine |
US4931575A (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1990-06-05 | The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations | Chiral glycerol derivatives |
US4965270A (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1990-10-23 | Beecham Group P.L.C. | Purine derivatives |
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DE68922903T2 (de) * | 1988-12-19 | 1995-11-23 | Wellcome Found | Antivirale Pyrimidin- und Purinverbindungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und sie enthaltende pharmazeutische Präparate. |
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- 1991-06-25 CS CS911941A patent/CS194191A3/cs unknown
- 1991-06-26 CN CN91104318A patent/CN1057652A/zh active Pending
- 1991-06-26 JP JP15424091A patent/JP3156235B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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AU7929791A (en) | 1992-01-02 |
FI913102A0 (fi) | 1991-06-25 |
KR920000782A (ko) | 1992-01-29 |
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US5225550A (en) | 1993-07-06 |
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ZA914922B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
CS194191A3 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
FI913102A (fi) | 1991-12-28 |
PT98095A (pt) | 1992-06-30 |
HU912157D0 (en) | 1991-12-30 |
EP0464511A2 (de) | 1992-01-08 |
AU642504B2 (en) | 1993-10-21 |
DE4020481A1 (de) | 1992-01-02 |
NO912509D0 (no) | 1991-06-26 |
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