CN105764946B - 具有降低的醛排放的聚氨酯 - Google Patents
具有降低的醛排放的聚氨酯 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105764946B CN105764946B CN201480064735.9A CN201480064735A CN105764946B CN 105764946 B CN105764946 B CN 105764946B CN 201480064735 A CN201480064735 A CN 201480064735A CN 105764946 B CN105764946 B CN 105764946B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyurethane
- polyurethanes
- group
- isocyanate
- reactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 title description 15
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 cycloaliphatic Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VRWWRSQIOZLGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(3-oxobutanoyloxymethyl)butyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)CC(C)=O)COC(=O)CC(C)=O VRWWRSQIOZLGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JBFRGXRQXZOZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyano-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide Chemical compound OCCNC(=O)CC#N JBFRGXRQXZOZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanatonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N=C=O)C(N=C=O)=CC=C21 ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HORQAOAYAYGIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O HORQAOAYAYGIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCN GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl-methylamino]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCN(C)CCO NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXAAHUGEQBUYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyano-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C#N)C(N)=O IXAAHUGEQBUYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGVHLOFUEHKPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)butanamide Chemical compound CC(O)CC(=O)NCCO RGVHLOFUEHKPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNJOKCPFLQMDEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4(R),8-dimethyl-trans-2-nonenoyl-CoA Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=O)CC(=O)OC RNJOKCPFLQMDEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ANGDWNBGPBMQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl cyanoacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC#N ANGDWNBGPBMQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZBBLRPRYYSJUCZ-GRHBHMESSA-L (z)-but-2-enedioate;dibutyltin(2+) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.CCCC[Sn+2]CCCC ZBBLRPRYYSJUCZ-GRHBHMESSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZFDWWDZLRKHULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine Chemical compound CN1CCCN=C1C ZFDWWDZLRKHULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGVZJRHAZOBPMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CN(C)CC(O)CN(C)C JGVZJRHAZOBPMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCQPNTOQFPJCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)NCCCN(C)C FCQPNTOQFPJCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIABEENURMZTTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(2-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O JIABEENURMZTTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJKRRLWNBFNWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl carbamate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCOC(N)=O BJKRRLWNBFNWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZRJVXYQKBRUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN(CCO)CCCN(C)C JZRJVXYQKBRUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRPRVQWGKLEFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminopropoxy)propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCOCCCN KRPRVQWGKLEFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propylurea Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(N)=O IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROBICTHFFIVQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n,3-n,6-n,6-n-tetramethylhexane-1,3,6-triamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC(N(C)C)CCN ROBICTHFFIVQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexylmorpholine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N1CCOCC1 BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical compound CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATWLCPHWYPSRBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylacetoacetamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)CC(C)=O ATWLCPHWYPSRBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethyldiethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CC)CCO AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000538 Poly[(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [acetyloxy(dioctyl)stannyl] acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)CCCCCCCC CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylbenzene;isocyanic acid Chemical class N=C=O.N=C=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUMHJBONQMZPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis(2-ethylhexanoyloxy)bismuthanyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O NUMHJBONQMZPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FNYKAWJEEWSNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;3,3,5,5-tetramethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)CC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)CC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)CC([O-])=O FNYKAWJEEWSNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octanoyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- PYBNTRWJKQJDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-L dodecanoate;tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O PYBNTRWJKQJDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制备聚氨酯的方法,其中将以下组分混合形成反应混合物:a)多异氰酸酯、b)具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物化合物、c)催化剂、d)通式R1‑CH2‑R2的CH‑酸性化合物——其中R1和R2独立地代表通式–C(O)‑R3或–CN的吸电子基团,其中基团R3选自‑NH2、‑NH‑R4–NR5R6、OR7或R8,其中R4、R5、R6、R7和R8独立地选自可被取代的脂族烃、芳脂族烃或芳族烃——任选地e)发泡剂、f)扩链剂和/或交联剂、以及助剂和/或添加剂。根据本发明,使该反应混合物反应以形成聚氨酯。本发明还涉及根据此类型的方法所制备的聚氨酯,以及所述聚氨酯在交通工具内部中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及聚氨酯的制备,其中将以下组分混合得到反应混合物:(a)多异氰酸酯、(b)具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物、(c)催化剂、(d)通式R1-CH2-R2的CH-酸性化合物——其中R1和R2彼此独立地为通式–C(O)-R3或–CN的吸电子部分,其中部分R3选自-NH2、-NH-R4–NR5R6、OR7或R8,其中R4、R5、R6、R7和R8独立地选自可具有取代基的脂族烃、芳脂族烃或芳族烃——以及任选地(e)发泡剂、(f)扩链剂和/或交联剂、以及(g)助剂和/或添加剂,并且使反应混合物完成反应以得到聚氨酯。本发明还涉及通过该方法制备的聚氨酯以及所述聚氨酯在交通工具的内部中的用途。
聚氨酯具有多种用途,例如在家具行业中用作座垫以及作为刨花板的粘合剂、在建筑业中作为绝缘材料、作为例如用于管道、热水槽和冰箱的绝缘材料、以及作为覆层元件(例如在车辆结构中)。特别地,聚氨酯通常在机动车制造业中、例如在机动车的外部覆层中作为扰流板、车顶元件和弹簧元件,以及在机动车的内部覆层中作为车顶覆层、地毯背衬泡沫体、车门覆层、转向环(steering ring)、控制旋钮以及座垫。
在此上下文中,已知聚氨酯易于排放出可产生难闻气味或在高浓度情况下可引起健康相关问题的有机物质。在此,密闭空间特别受影响,例如在建筑物或车辆(如机动车)的内部。这些排放物的实例为醛类的排放。已采取了各种尝试来降低这些醛排放物。
例如,EP 1428847记载了醛排放物可通过随后加入具有伯氨基和/或仲氨基的聚合物质而降低。排放物降低的原因是聚合物中的氨基。由于它们是异氰酸酯反应性的且通过与异氰酸酯反应而在很大程度上失活,因而应将聚合活性成分提供给已制备的泡沫体。这里的缺点为具有额外的泡沫后处理步骤的复杂过程。不可能在致密体系或闭孔泡沫体中使用。
US 2006/0141236记载了肼化合物在聚氨酯中作为醛清除剂的用途。在该情况下,将活性物质直接引入到多元醇组分中。然而,肼和肼衍生物具有催化活性且可影响聚氨酯反应。另外,仅获得低水平的醛排放物的降低,约为60%。
US 20130203880记载了聚联亚氨基二碳酰胺(polyhydrazodicarbonamide)在聚氨酯泡沫中作为降低醛排放物的物质的用途。然而,仅当在多元醇中所加入的聚联亚氨基二碳酰胺的量很大(2至5.5重量%)时,才会达到醛类的显著降低。由于聚联亚氨基二碳酰胺也具有催化性质,因而通过加入该数量级的此物质使得反应进程改变。
本发明的目的在于提供聚氨酯,特别是聚氨酯泡沫,其显示出降低的有机化合物排放,更特别是降低的醛排放。一个特别的目的在于对负责降低醛排放的物质显示出长期活性,并且对于聚氨酯而言未产生额外的排放物。另外,低排放聚氨酯泡沫能够通过简单方法制备,其允许将负责降低醛排放物的物质直接加入到用于制备聚氨酯的反应混合物中。本文的目的特别地在于使用便宜且易处理且不损害聚氨酯制备的物质。
出人意料地,本发明的目的已通过一种制备聚氨酯的方法实现,其中将以下组分混合得到反应混合物:(a)多异氰酸酯、(b)具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物、(c)催化剂、(d)通式R1-CH2-R2的CH-酸性化合物——其中R1和R2彼此独立地为通式–C(O)-R3或–CN的吸电子部分,其中部分R3选自-NH2、-NH-R4–NR5R6、OR7或R8,其中R4、R5、R6、R7以及R8独立地选自可具有取代基的脂族烃、芳脂族烃或芳族烃——以及任选地(e)发泡剂、(f)扩链剂和/或交联剂、以及(g)助剂和/或添加剂,并且使反应混合物完成反应以得到聚氨酯。
就本发明而言,术语聚氨酯包括所有已知的多异氰酸酯加聚产物。其包括异氰酸酯和醇的加合物,并且还包括可包含异氰脲酸酯结构、脲基甲酸酯结构、脲结构、碳化二亚胺结构、脲酮亚胺结构、缩二脲结构和其他异氰酸酯加合物的改性聚氨酯。特别地,本发明的这些聚氨酯包括致密的多异氰酸酯加聚产物(例如,热固性材料),以及基于多异氰酸酯加聚产物的泡沫体(例如软质泡沫体、半硬质泡沫体、硬质泡沫体以及自结皮泡沫体(integral foam)),以及聚氨酯涂料和粘合剂。就本发明而言,术语聚氨酯还包括包含聚氨酯和其他聚合物的聚合物共混物,以及由所述聚合物共混物制成的泡沫体。优选地,本发明的聚氨酯为聚氨酯泡沫或致密的聚氨酯,其不包含除下文所述的聚氨酯单元(a)至(g)之外的聚合物。
就本发明而言,术语聚氨酯泡沫意指符合DIN 7726的泡沫。在此,本发明的软质聚氨酯泡沫根据DIN 53421/DIN EN ISO 604在10%压缩时的压应力值或抗压强度为15kPa以下,优选1至14kPa,且特别是4至14kPa。本发明的半硬质聚氨酯泡沫根据DIN 53421/DIN ENISO 604在10%压缩时的压应力值为大于15kPa至小于80kPa。本发明的半硬质聚氨酯泡沫和软质聚氨酯泡沫根据DIN ISO 4590的开孔率优选大于85%,特别优选大于90%。关于本发明的软质聚氨酯泡沫和半硬质聚氨酯泡沫的进一步详情可见于"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",Carl Hanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第5章。
本发明的硬质聚氨酯泡沫在10%压缩时的压应力值大于或等于80kPa,优选大于或等于120kPa,特别优选大于或等于150kPa。另外,硬质聚氨酯泡沫的根据DIN ISO 4590的闭孔率大于80%,优选大于90%。关于本发明的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的进一步详情可见于"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",CarlHanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第6章。
就本发明而言,术语弹性体聚氨酯泡沫意指符合DIN 7726的聚氨酯泡沫,其在按照DIN 53577发生厚度的50%的短暂变形后在10分钟之后未呈现超过其初始厚度的2%的残余变形。这可适用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫、半硬质泡沫或软质聚氨酯泡沫。
自结皮聚氨酯泡沫为符合DIN 7726的具有边缘区的聚氨酯泡沫,所述边缘区由于成型工艺而具有比核更高的密度。在此,核和边缘区的平均总表观密度优选为100g/L以上。此外,用于本发明目的的自结皮聚氨酯泡沫可为硬质聚氨酯泡沫、半硬质聚氨酯泡沫或软质聚氨酯泡沫。关于本发明的自结皮聚氨酯泡沫的进一步详情可见于"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",CarlHanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第7章。
本文中,本发明的聚氨酯通过以下方式获得:将多异氰酸酯(a)与具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物(b)、任选地催化剂(c)、CH-酸性化合物(d)和任选地发泡剂(e)、扩链剂(f)、以及其他助剂和添加剂(g)混合得到反应混合物,并且使其完成反应。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的聚氨酯在此为具有20至850g/L的平均密度的聚氨酯泡沫,优选半硬质聚氨酯泡沫或软质聚氨酯泡沫、或硬质聚氨酯泡沫,特别优选弹性体软质聚氨酯泡沫、半硬质聚氨酯泡沫或弹性体自结皮聚氨酯泡沫。优选地,弹性体自结皮聚氨酯泡沫在核和边缘区上的平均密度为150至500g/L。优选地,软质聚氨酯泡沫的平均密度为10至100g/L。优选地,半硬质聚氨酯泡沫的平均密度为70至150g/L。
在另一个优选实施方案中,聚氨酯为密度优选大于850g/L、优选为900至1400g/L且特别优选为1000至1300g/L的致密聚氨酯。本文中,在不添加发泡剂的情况下获得致密聚氨酯。由于制备工艺而包含于多元醇中的少量发泡剂(例如水)在此不视为发泡剂。优选地,用于制备致密聚氨酯的反应混合物包含小于0.2重量%、特别小于0.1重量%且特别小于0.05重量%的水。
在本文中,本发明的聚氨酯优选用于交通工具的内部,所述交通工具为例如船只、飞行器、卡车、汽车或公共汽车,特别是汽车或公共汽车,且特别是汽车。下文中,对于汽车和公共汽车的内部,使用术语机动车内部。在此,可使用软质聚氨酯泡沫作为座垫,半硬质聚氨酯泡沫作为门侧元件或仪表盘的泡沫背衬,自结皮聚氨酯泡沫作为方向盘、控制旋钮或头枕,以及致密聚氨酯例如作为电缆护套。
用于制备本发明的聚氨酯的多异氰酸酯组分(a)包括已知用于制备聚氨酯的任何多异氰酸酯。其包括现有技术中已知的脂族、脂环族以及芳族双官能或多官能异氰酸酯及其任何所需混合物。实例为二苯基甲烷2,2’-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷2,4’-二异氰酸酯以及二苯基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯、单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与具有较大数目的环的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物(聚合物MDI)的混合物、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)及其低聚物、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)以及它们的混合物、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯及其低聚物、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)及其低聚物、萘二异氰酸酯(NDI),以及它们的混合物。
优选使用2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)或它们的混合物、单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、和/或具有较大数目的环的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物(聚合物MDI)、以及它们的混合物。其他可能的异氰酸酯示于例如"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plasticshandbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",Carl Hanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第3.2和第3.3.2章中。
所用的多异氰酸酯组分(a)可以采用多异氰酸酯预聚物的形式。这些多异氰酸酯预聚物可通过以下方式获得:使过量的上述多异氰酸酯(组分(a-1)),例如在30至100℃、优选在约80℃的温度下,与具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物(b)(组分(a-2))和/或与扩链剂(c)(组分(a-3))反应,以得到异氰酸酯预聚物。
具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物(a-2)以及扩链剂(a-3)为本领域技术人员所公知的且记载于例如"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",CarlHanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第3.1章。例如,还可使用在(b)中描述的具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物作为具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物(a-2)。
对于具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物(b),可使用具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的任何公知化合物,例如具有2至8的官能度且具有400至15000g/mol的数均摩尔质量的那些化合物。例如,可使用选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇以及它们的混合物的化合物。
聚醚醇例如由环氧化物(例如环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷)或四氢呋喃与具有氢活性的起始化合物(例如脂族醇、酚、胺、羧酸、水)或基于天然物质的化合物(例如蔗糖、山梨醇或甘露醇)在使用催化剂的情况下制备。在此可提及的是碱性催化剂和双金属氰化物催化剂,如例如PCT/EP2005/010124、EP 90444或WO 05/090440中所记载。
聚酯醇例如由脂族或芳族二羧酸和多元醇、聚硫醚多元醇、聚酯酰胺、羟基化的聚缩醛和/或羟基化的脂族聚碳酸酯,优选在酯化催化剂的存在下制备。其他可能的多元醇例如示于"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",Carl Hanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第3.1章中。
除所述聚醚醇和聚酯醇之外,也可使用的其他材料为还称为聚合物聚醚醇或聚合物聚酯醇且包含填料的聚醚醇和聚酯醇。这些化合物优选包含由热塑性塑料制成的分散颗粒,所述热塑性塑料例如由烯属单体如丙烯腈、苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸和/或丙烯酰胺制成。这些包含填料的多元醇为公知的且为市售可得的。其制备方法记载于例如DE 111 394、US 3 304 273、US 3 383 351、US 3 523 093、DE 1 152 536、DE 1 152537、WO 2008/055952以及WO 2009/128279中。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,组分(b)包含聚醚醇且更优选不包含聚酯醇。
催化剂(c)极大地加速了多元醇(b)和任选地扩链剂和交联剂(f)、以及化学发泡剂(e)与有机的、任选地改性的多异氰酸酯(a)的反应。本文中的催化剂(c)包括可结合的胺催化剂。其具有至少1个、优选1至8个且特别优选1至2个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团,例如伯氨基、仲氨基、羟基、酰胺或脲基,优选伯氨基、仲氨基或羟基。可结合的胺催化剂主要用于制备低排放的聚氨酯,其特别地用于机动车内部领域。这些催化剂为公知的且记载于例如EP1888664中。其包括优选包含除对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团之外的一个或多个叔氨基的化合物。优选地,可结合的催化剂的至少一个叔氨基带有至少两个脂族烃部分,其优选每部分具有1至10个碳原子、特别优选每部分具有1至6个碳原子。特别优选地,叔氨基带有两个互相独立地选自甲基和乙基部分的部分,并且带有其他有机部分。可使用的可结合的催化剂的实例为双二甲基氨基丙基脲、双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙氧基乙基)氨基甲酸酯、二甲基氨基丙基脲、N,N,N-三甲基-N-羟乙基双(氨基丙醚)、N,N,N-三甲基-N-羟乙基双(氨基乙醚)、二乙基乙醇胺、双(N,N-二甲基-3-氨基丙基)胺、二甲基氨基丙胺、3-二甲氨基丙基-N,N-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二胺、二甲基-2-(2-氨基乙氧基乙醇),以及(1,3-双(二甲基氨基)丙-2-醇)、N,N-双(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N-异丙醇胺、双(二甲氨基丙基)-2-羟乙胺、N,N,N-三甲基-N-(3-氨基丙基)双(氨基乙醚)、3-二甲基氨基异丙基二异丙醇胺以及它们的混合物。
除可结合的胺催化剂之外,还可使用常规催化剂制备聚氨酯。例如可提及的是:脒类,如2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶;叔胺,如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉和N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、四甲基二氨基乙醚、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷,并且优选1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷;以及烷醇胺化合物,如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-乙基二乙醇胺和二甲基乙醇胺。还可使用有机金属化合物,优选有机锡化合物,如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,例如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II),以及有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,例如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡以及二乙酸二辛基锡,以及羧酸铋如新癸酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋和辛酸铋,或它们的混合物。有机金属化合物可单独使用或优选与强碱性胺组合使用。如果组分(b)包含酯,则优选仅使用胺催化剂。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,所使用的催化剂(c)仅包含可结合的催化剂。
如果使用催化剂(c),则其可例如作为催化剂或相应的催化剂组合物以例如0.001至5重量%、特别是0.05至2重量%的浓度使用,基于组分(b)的重量计。
用作组分(d)的是一种或多种通式R1-CH2-R2的CH-酸性化合物。在本文中,CH2基团的酸性通过两个吸电子部分R1和R2产生。如果部分R1和R2彼此独立地为通式-C(O)-R3或–CN的部分,其中部分R3选自-NH2、-NH-R4–NR5R6、OR7或R8,则通式R1-CH2-R2的化合物为CH-酸性化合物。在此,部分R4、R5、R6、R7以及R8彼此独立地选自可具有取代基的脂族烃、芳脂族烃或芳族烃。在此,R1和/或R2优选为–CN或-C(O)-R3,其中R3为-NH-R4–NR5R6、OR7或R8,并且更优选为–CN或-C(O)-R3,其中R3为–NR5R6、OR7或R8,并且更优选为-CN、OR7或R8。优选地,部分R1和R2之一为–CN基团。本发明的化合物(d)在25℃下在水中的pKa优选为0.5至16,优选8至14.0且更特别是8至13.5。
在每种情况下彼此独立地,部分R4、R5、R6、R7以及R8各自优选选自具有1至15个、优选2至10个碳原子的可具有取代基的脂族烃。在该情况下,取代基优选为一种或多种异氰酸酯-反应性基团,其有利地包含异氰酸酯-反应性氢原子。此类呈异氰酸酯-反应性的基团可为,例如,-OH、-NH-或-NH2基团,其中羧酸基团或羧酸酰胺基团优选不视为异氰酸酯-反应性基团。特别优选作为异氰酸酯-反应性基团的是一个或多个羟基,更特别是一个羟基。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,通式R1-CH2-R2的化合物包含恰好一个异氰酸酯-反应性基团且更特别是一个羟基。如果R3为-NH2或-NHR4,则NH2或-NHR4基团不视为异氰酸酯-反应性基团,除非部分R4为带有–OH、-NH-或-NH2基团的部分。
在另一个优选实施方案中,R3为-NH2、-NH-CH3、-OCH3、–N(CH3)2或–NH-(C2H4)-OH或-CH2-C(O)O-CH3,更优选–NH-CH3、-OCH3、-N(CH3)2或–NH-(C2H4)-OH或–CH2-C(O)-O-CH3,且更优选–OCH3、-N(CH3)2或–CH2-C(O)-O-CH3。作为组分(d),特别优选的是1,3-丙酮二羧酸二甲酯、N-甲基乙酰乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰乙酰胺、2-氰基乙酰乙酰胺、氰基乙酸甲酯、2-氰基-N-(2-羟基乙基)乙酰胺和甲基-2-(2-羟乙基氨基甲酰基)乙醇,并且更特别是2-氰基-N-(2-羟基乙基)乙酰胺和甲基-2-(2-羟乙基氨基甲酰基)乙醇。
CH-酸性化合物(d)的分子量优选大于250g/mol,更优选大于300g/mol,且更特别大于350g/mol。如果CH-酸性化合物(d)不具有异氰酸酯-反应性基团,则尤其是这种情况。这些化合物优选具有多于一个CH-酸性基团,更优选这些化合物具有2至5个且更特别是3或4个CH-酸性基团。这类化合物的实例为丙二酸和二醇(如二乙二醇)的反应产物,更特别是丙二酸和二醇以2:3的分子比(molecular ratio)的反应产物,或三羟甲基丙烷三乙酰乙酸酯且更特别是三羟甲基丙烷三乙酰乙酸酯。
用于本发明目的的组分(d)的量优选为0.01至5重量%,特别优选0.05至2重量%,且特别是0.1至1重量%,基于组分(a)至(f)的总重量计。
如果目的在于本发明的聚氨酯采用聚氨酯泡沫的形式,则本发明的反应混合物还包含发泡剂(e)。在此,可使用已知用于制备聚氨酯的任何发泡剂。其可包括化学和/或物理发泡剂。这些发泡剂记载于例如"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",Carl Hanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第3.4.5章。在本文中,术语化学发泡剂意指通过与异氰酸酯反应形成气态产物的化合物。这些发泡剂的实例为水和羧酸。术语物理发泡剂意指溶于或乳化于用于聚氨酯制备反应的起始材料中且在形成聚氨酯的条件下蒸发的化合物。其为例如烃类、卤代烃以及其他化合物,实例为全氟烷烃(如全氟己烷)、氯氟烃,以及醚类、酯类、酮类、缩醛类和/或液态二氧化碳。在此,可以使用任意所需量的发泡剂。发泡剂的用量优选使得所得聚氨酯泡沫的密度为10至850g/L,特别是20至800g/L,且特别是25至500g/L。特别优选使用含水的发泡剂。
本文中使用的扩链剂和交联剂(f)可为摩尔质量小于400g/mol且具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的化合物,在本文中,术语扩链剂用于具有两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的分子,而在本文中,术语交联剂用于具有多于2个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢的分子。然而,在本文中还可省去扩链剂或交联剂。然而,可证明加入扩链剂、交联剂或任选地其混合物对于改变机械特性(例如硬度)而言是有利的。
如果使用扩链剂和/或交联剂(f),则可使用在聚氨酯制备中已知的扩链剂和/或交联剂。其优选为具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的官能团的低分子量化合物,例如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二醇以及二胺。其他可能的低分子量的扩链剂和/或交联剂例如示于"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",CarlHanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第3.2和3.3.2章中。
另外,可使用助剂和/或添加剂(g)。在本文中,可使用已知用于制备聚氨酯的任何助剂和添加剂。可提及的是例如表面活性物质、泡沫稳定剂、泡孔调节剂(cellregulator)、脱模剂、填料、染料、颜料、阻燃剂、水解稳定剂、抑制真菌的物质和抑制细菌的物质。这些物质为公知的且记载于例如"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",Carl Hanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第3.4.4和3.4.6至3.4.11章中。
在制备本发明聚氨酯中使用的多异氰酸酯(a)、多元醇(b)、CH-酸性化合物(d)以及——如果使用——发泡剂(e)以及扩链剂和/或交联剂(f)的量通常使得多异氰酸酯(a)的NCO基团与组分(b)、(c)、(d)和任选地(e)和(f)的反应性氢原子的总数量的当量比为0.75至1.5:1,优选0.80至1.25:1。如果泡沫塑料包含至少一些异氰脲酸酯基团,则多异氰酸酯(a)的NCO基团与组分(b)、(c)、(d)以及任选地(e)和(f)的反应性氢原子的总数量之比通常为1.5至20:1,优选1.5至8:1。在此,比值1:1对应于异氰酸酯指数为100。
用于制备呈热塑性聚氨酯、软质泡沫体、半硬质泡沫体、硬质泡沫体或自结皮泡沫体形式的本发明的聚氨酯的各起始材料(a)至(g)之间的定量与定性差异很小。例如,致密聚氨酯的制备不使用发泡剂,并且热塑性聚氨酯优选严格使用双官能起始材料。另外,例如通过具有至少两个反应性氢原子的相对高分子量的化合物的官能度和链长可改变本发明的聚氨酯的回弹性和硬度。这些改变为本领域技术人员所已知的。
用于制备致密聚氨酯的起始材料记载于例如EP 0989146或EP 1460094中,用于制备软质泡沫体的起始材料记载于例如PCT/EP2005/010124和EP 1529792中,用于制备半硬质泡沫体的起始材料记载于例如"Kunststoffhandbuch[Plastics handbook],第7卷,Polyurethane[Polyurethanes]",Carl Hanser Verlag,1993年第三版,第5.4章中,用于制备硬质泡沫体的起始材料记载于PCT/EP2005/010955中,以及用于制备自结皮泡沫体的起始材料记载于EP 364854、US 5506275或EP 897402中。然后,在每种情况下,还将CH-酸性化合物(d)加入到所述文献记载的起始材料中。
本发明不仅提供本发明的方法,还提供可通过本发明方法获得的聚氨酯。本发明的聚氨酯优选用于密闭空间,例如作为住宅建筑物的隔热材料,例如用于管道和冰箱的隔热,在家具结构中例如用作装饰元件或作为座垫,以及在机动车内部,例如用作方向盘、仪表盘、车门覆层、地毯背衬泡沫体、吸声泡沫体,例如车顶内衬,以及头枕或控制旋钮。在此,特别优选具有一个或多个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的CH-酸性化合物。其使CH-酸性化合物(d)连接至聚氨酯骨架上,与没有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的情况相比,首先产生了在苛刻条件下(例如高温或暴晒下)更长期的有效性,特别是更长期地降低醛。其次,具有可结合的基团的CH-酸性化合物(d)产生不仅具有醛类的低排放而且具有挥发性有机化合物的通常更低排放的聚氨酯。
以下将参考实施例对本发明进行阐述。
起始材料:
多元醇A:羟值为28mg KOH/g且官能度为2.7的聚醚醇,其基
于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷,其中环氧丙烷含量为84重量
%而环氧乙烷含量为14重量%
多元醇B:羟值为250mg KOH/g且官能度为2.0的聚醚醇,其基
于多元醇A(35%)、环氧丙烷(45%)以及二甲基氨基丙
胺(20%)
TEOA:三乙醇胺
Isopur SU-12021:购自ISL-Chemie的黑色糊剂
Jeffcat ZF10:购自Huntsman的催化剂
Jeffcat DPA:购自Huntsman的催化剂
添加剂
A1:1,3-丙酮二羧酸二甲酯
A2:N-甲基乙酰乙酰胺
A3:N,N-二甲基乙酰乙酰胺
A4:2-氰基乙酰乙酰胺
A5:氰基乙酸甲酯
A6:2-氰基-N-(2-羟基乙基)乙酰胺
A7:2-(2-羟乙基氨基甲酰基)乙酸甲酯
A8:丙二酸和二乙二醇的反应产物(2:3–Mw 458)
A9:三羟甲基丙烷三乙酰乙酸酯(Mw 386)
将A6和A7以10重量%浓度的水溶液的形式加入到混合物A中。
异氰酸酯A:85份的碳化二亚胺改性的4,4'-MDI和15份的NCO
含量为27.1的聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯PMDI的
混合物
混合物A通过将以下组分混合而制备:
92.0 重量份的多元醇A
3.0 重量份的多元醇B
1.5 重量份的TEOA
0.5 重量份的Isopur SA-21050
1.9 重量份的水
0.4 重量份的Jeffcat DPA
0.2 重量份的Jeffcat ZF10
0.5 重量份的表1的化合物A1至A7
将混合物A和异氰酸酯组分A以及表1的添加剂彼此混合,其中异氰酸酯指数为100,并且装入到密闭模具中,以得到平均密度为160g/L的模制品。
甲醛通过基于ASTM D5116-06的步骤进行测定。测试室大小为4.7升。所使用的聚氨酯样品为规格为110mm×100mm×25mm的块状物。当测试模制泡沫体时,使用由泡沫内部制成的部分。测试室的温度在测试期间为约65℃且相对湿度为50%。空气更新率为3.0升/小时。使含有来自聚氨酯的挥发性醛的排气流在120分钟内穿过含有涂有2,4-二硝基苯肼的二氧化硅的采样管(cartridge)。然后用乙腈和水的混合物对DNPH采样管进行洗脱。洗脱液的甲醛浓度通过HPLC测定。此装置的甲醛排放物的检出限为≤11μg/m3。
表1:在测试室中,测定不加入添加剂的半硬质泡沫体(对照)以及加入以重量份计的相应浓度(基于混合物A的总重量计)的相应添加剂A1至A9的半硬质泡沫体的甲醛值。
表1
表2:所得的添加有相应的添加剂A4、A5、A6、A7以及A9的半硬质泡沫体根据VDA278的VOC值(ppm)。
表2
Claims (12)
1.一种制备聚氨酯的方法,其中将以下组分混合得到反应混合物:
(a)多异氰酸酯,
(b)具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物,
(c)催化剂,其包含可结合的胺催化剂,
(d)通式R1-CH2-R2的CH-酸性化合物,其中R1和R2彼此独立地为通式–C(O)-R3或–CN的吸电子部分,其中部分R3选自-NH-R4–NR5R6、OR7或R8,其中R4、R5、R6、R7和R8独立地选自可具有取代基的脂族烃,以及任选地
(e)发泡剂,
(f)扩链剂和/或交联剂,以及
(g)助剂和/或添加剂
并使反应混合物完成反应以得到聚氨酯,其中化合物R1-CH2-R2包含一个异氰酸酯反应性基团,其中羧酸基团或羧酸酰胺基团不视为异氰酸酯反应性基团,或CH-酸性化合物(d)的分子量大于350g/mol且CH-酸性化合物(d)具有多于一个CH-酸性基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中部分R4、R5、R6、R7和R8各自彼此独立地选自具有1至15个碳原子的脂族烃,其具有取代基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中异氰酸酯反应性基团包括-OH、-NH-或-NH2基团。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中组分(d)的含量为0.01至5重量%,基于组分(a)至(f)的总重量计。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物(b)包括聚醚醇。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中用作可结合的催化剂的化合物包含除对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团之外的一个或多个脂族叔氨基。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中至少一个叔氨基带有两个互相独立地选自甲基和乙基部分的部分,且还带有另一有机部分。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中聚氨酯为平均密度为20至850g/L的聚氨酯泡沫。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中聚氨酯为平均密度大于850g/L的致密聚氨酯。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中聚氨酯为电缆护套。
11.一种聚氨酯,其可通过权利要求1至9中任一项的方法制备得到。
12.权利要求11的聚氨酯在交通工具的内部中的用途。
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MX2016006932A (es) | 2016-10-13 |
BR112016012299B1 (pt) | 2021-09-28 |
JP2017502111A (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
WO2015082316A1 (de) | 2015-06-11 |
US20160304686A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
CN105764946A (zh) | 2016-07-13 |
US10196493B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
KR102298332B1 (ko) | 2021-09-07 |
BR112016012299A8 (pt) | 2020-05-05 |
EP3077436B2 (de) | 2023-11-15 |
JP6735669B2 (ja) | 2020-08-05 |
KR20160098299A (ko) | 2016-08-18 |
EP3077436A1 (de) | 2016-10-12 |
EP3077436B1 (de) | 2021-01-06 |
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