CN105745433A - 用于计量流体的阀 - Google Patents

用于计量流体的阀 Download PDF

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CN105745433A
CN105745433A CN201480063112.XA CN201480063112A CN105745433A CN 105745433 A CN105745433 A CN 105745433A CN 201480063112 A CN201480063112 A CN 201480063112A CN 105745433 A CN105745433 A CN 105745433A
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armature
needle
valve
moving part
magnetic
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CN105745433B (zh
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S·塞尔尼
R·克罗默
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0685—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other or not being attached to each other
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0075—Stop members in valves, e.g. plates or disks limiting the movement of armature, valve or spring
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/14—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with ball-shaped valve member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F16K31/0665—Lift valves with valve member being at least partially ball-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F16K31/0693—Pressure equilibration of the armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/088—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures provided with means for absorbing shocks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/08—Fuel-injection apparatus having special means for influencing magnetic flux, e.g. for shielding or guiding magnetic flux
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种流体计量阀，所述流体计量阀具有电磁体(15)，所述电磁体(15)用于操纵阀针(13)，所述阀针(13)控制计量孔(12)。所述电磁体(15)在通电时产生磁通量，所述磁通量经由外磁极(21)、空心的圆柱形内磁极(22)、衔铁(23)、工作气缝(24)延伸，其中所述衔铁在形成于所述阀针(13)上的衔铁导向区域(132)中可移动，所述工作气缝由所述衔铁(23)和所述内磁极(22)限界。在所述阀针(13)上具有固定地布置的携动件(25)，所述携动件(25)以轴向可移动的方式沉入到形成于所述内磁极(22)中的携动件导向区域(221)，并且所述携动件(25)具有用于所述衔铁(23)的径向止挡肩(251)，所述径向止挡肩限界所述衔铁(23)的自由行程或预行程(26)，所述自由行程或预行程小于所述工作气缝(24)的轴向缝隙宽度。为了改善所述阀的噪音特性，所述携动件(25)扩展成附加内磁极，该附加内磁极具有由所述止挡肩(251)形成的极面，并且为此目的，所述携动件(251)构造成导磁的，而且所述衔铁(23)和阀针(13)之间的磁通量借助于非导磁材料来阻止。

Description

用于计量流体的阀
技术领域
本发明从根据权利要求1前序部分所述的用于计量流体的阀出发，其中，表示涌流或流动介质的上位概念“流体”与用于气体和液体的流体力学相符地被使用。
背景技术
已知的燃料喷射阀(DE10108945A1)具有套筒形的喷嘴体，所述喷嘴体由阀座体封闭，所述阀座体具有由阀座包围的喷射孔。在所述喷嘴体中，阀腔位于所述喷射孔之前，所述阀腔与燃料入口处于连接。控制所述喷射孔的阀针沉入到所述喷嘴体中，所述阀针带有与阀座形成密封座的关闭头。所述阀针在背离所述关闭头的针端部上被阀关闭弹簧加载，所述阀关闭弹簧将关闭头压靠到所述阀座上，从而所述喷射孔被封闭。所述喷射孔的释放通过电磁体来引起，所述电磁体将所述阀针抵抗所述阀关闭弹簧的力地驱动到关闭头从所述阀座抬起的行程。在电磁体通电时生成磁通量，所述磁通量经由外磁极、内磁极、轴向可移动地坐置在所述阀针上的衔铁、以及包围在所述衔铁和所述内磁极之间的工作气缝延伸，并且所述磁通量在所述工作气缝中产生磁力，所述磁力将所述衔铁驱动到朝内磁极方向的行程运动。在所述阀针上固定地布置有携动件，所述携动件在空心柱形的内磁极的内部以可轴向移动的方式被导向并且具有用于所述衔铁的第一衔铁止挡。在衔铁的背离携动件的一侧，在阀针上固定有第二衔铁止挡，衔铁通过支撑在衔铁和携动件之间的预行程弹簧压靠到第二衔铁止挡上。当电磁体通电时，衔铁首先在阀针上实施自由行程或预行程，直到衔铁止挡在携动件上的第一衔铁止挡上，由此给予所述阀针机械冲击，并且阀针通过携动件来携动，由此，关闭头开始从阀座抬起。在整个衔铁行程结束时，衔铁止挡在内磁极的极面上，并且喷射孔被完全释放，从而阀腔中处于压力下的燃料通过喷射孔以定量的燃料量被喷射。在电磁体不通电时，阀关闭弹簧通过阀针将关闭头压靠到阀座上，并且预行程弹簧将衔铁压抵第二衔铁止挡。
发明内容
根据本发明的、具有权利要求1特征的用于计量流体的阀所具有的优点是：通过将所述携动件构型为附加内磁极，使衔铁在其行程结束时碰撞到内磁极的内表面上的力减小，从而衔铁的碰撞噪音明显减小。在此保证，通过衔铁止挡到携动件的止挡肩上而给予阀针的沿阀打开方向的冲击在其强度上不被减小。引起衔铁紧接着碰撞到内磁极上的磁力的减小这样实现：在衔铁通过该衔铁碰撞到所述携动件上而结束预行程时，磁通量的经由无缝隙地贴靠在衔铁上的携动件延伸的部分不对在衔铁和内磁极之间余留的工作气缝中起作用的磁力做出贡献。通过工作气缝的余留部分中的由此减小的磁力将所述衔铁吸引到内磁极的极面上并且使衔铁柔和地且噪音小地碰撞到所述内磁极上。通过该减小的磁力还降低了衔铁在碰撞到内磁极上时碰损的危险。
通过将携动件根据本发明地构造成附加内磁极，也使衔铁在电磁体通电时明显更强地加速，因为通过衔铁与携动件上的止挡肩之间的同衔铁与内磁极极面之间的工作气缝相比更小的缝隙(即所谓的衔铁自由行程或预行程)，产生作用到所述衔铁上的更大磁力。因此，在所述衔铁碰撞到所述携动件的止挡肩上时传递到所述阀针上的打开冲击也更强并且确保所述计量孔可靠且无延迟地释放。
通过将携动件根据本发明地构造成附加内磁极，使对所述衔铁的打开行程起作用的极面(所述极面由内磁极的极面和所述附加内磁极的极面的和得到)在所述阀的结构空间未改变时变大，从而为衔铁的打开行程提供更大的磁力，或者在相同的磁力的情况下可将给所述电磁体通电的电流大小设计得更小。
通过在其他权利要求中列举的措施可实现在权利要求1中给出的阀的有利扩展方案和改进方案。
所述衔铁和所述阀针之间的在阀针的衔铁导向区域中借助于具有高磁阻的材料实现的磁通量截止部能够以不同的方式实现。
根据本发明的第一实施例，所述阀针完全由非导磁材料或者至少在其形成所述衔铁导向区域的阀针区段中由非导磁材料、即由具有非常高的磁阻的材料制造，而所述衔铁完全由导磁材料、即由具有非常高的导磁率的材料制造。
根据本发明的第二实施方式，所述阀针完全由导磁材料制造或者至少在其形成所述衔铁导向区域的阀针区段中由导磁材料制造，即由具有非常低的磁阻的材料制造，而所述衔铁具有包围所述阀针的、由非导磁材料(即具有非常低的磁导率的材料)制成的内部区域以及具有无缝隙地包围所述内部区域的、由导磁材料(即由具有非常低磁阻的材料)制成的外部区域。在后面这种情况中，对于获得最佳结果而有利的是：根据本发明的另一实施方式，所述衔铁的内部区域具有平截头圆锥体的形状，所述平截头圆锥体具有面向携动件的环形顶面和背离携动件的环形底面；而围绕所述内部区域的外部区域具有柱形环的形状，所述柱形环具有截头锥体形地延伸的内环壁。在此有利的是，所述环形顶面的外径比所述阀针的外径略大，并且所述环形底面的外径比所述衔铁的外径略小。这种衔铁可通过特别简单地通过由具有高磁阻的材料以及具有低磁阻的材料制成的双组份式构件获得。
附图说明
在下面的描述中结合附图中示出的实施例详细说明本发明。其中：
图1局部地示出用于计量流体的阀的截面，所述阀具有电磁体，所述电磁体具有用于控制阀的衔铁；
图2图1中的局部II的放大视图；
图3在电磁体通电的情况下在衔铁的第一行程阶段后，与图2中所示相同的视图；
图4在电磁体通电的情况下在衔铁的第二行程阶段之后，与图2中所示相同的视图；
图5示出了具有衔铁的一种改型的、与图2中所示相同的视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中局部地以纵剖图示出的用于计量流体的阀优选用作用于将燃料喷射到内燃机的燃料喷射设备中的喷射阀。然而，所述阀也可使用于燃气发动机或加热设备中用于定量地计量流体燃料，或者可用作将流体还原剂喷射到内燃机排气装置中以还原氮氧化物的定量阀。
所述阀具有与流体入口11处于连接的计量孔12以及具有借助于关闭头131来控制计量孔12的阀针13，阀针13被阀关闭弹簧14加载以关闭计量孔12，并且，该阀针被电磁体15抵抗阀关闭弹簧14的关闭力地操纵，以释放计量孔12。关闭头131在阀座体16中被导向，阀座体16具有计量孔12以及具有包围计量孔12的、与阀针13的关闭头131形成密封座的阀座17。阀座体16流体密封地封闭套筒形阀壳体18的计量侧端部，而在阀壳体18入口侧的另一端部中插入有包含流体入口11的接管19。
电磁体15具有电磁线圈20，该电磁线圈20能够通过阀上的未示出的接头插座通电。在电磁线圈20通电时，在电磁体15中产生磁通量，所述磁通量经由外磁极21、空心柱形的内磁极22、衔铁23、工作气缝24延伸，其中衔铁23可在构成于阀针13上的衔铁导向区域上轴向移动，工作气缝24由衔铁23和内磁极22限界。携动件25固定地布置在、例如焊接在阀针13上，该携动件25可轴向移动地沉入到构成于内磁极22空心柱形的内部中的携动件导向区域221中。携动件25具有用于衔铁23的径向止挡肩251，该径向止挡肩251限界衔铁23的与工作气缝24的轴向缝隙宽度相比更小的自由行程或预行程26(图2)。衔铁23的该预行程26通过衔铁止挡27和预行程弹簧28确定，衔铁止挡27在衔铁23的背离携动件25的一侧固定地布置在阀针13上，预行程弹簧28将衔铁13压靠到衔铁止挡27上。为此，在衔铁23上固定地布置有宽松地包围阀针13的罐形弹簧座29；并且例如实施为螺旋压力弹簧的预行程弹簧28这样放置到阀针13上，使得预行程弹簧28在一侧支撑在衔铁止挡27上，而在另一侧支撑在弹簧座29上。
为了改善所述阀的噪音情况，携动件25被扩展为具有由止挡肩251形成的极面的附加内磁极。为此，携动件25是导磁的，即由具有低磁阻的材料制成；并且设置有在衔铁23和阀针13之间起作用的磁通量截止部，其借助于非导磁材料、即具有极高磁阻的材料来抑制衔铁23和阀针13之间的磁通量。
在图1至4所示的实施例中，阀针13完全由非导磁材料制成或至少在它的具有衔铁导向区域132的针区段中由非导磁材料制成，而衔铁23完全由导磁材料制成。
与此不同地，在根据图5的实施例中，阀针13或者完全由导磁材料制成或者至少在其具有衔铁导向区域132的针区段中由导磁材料制成，而衔铁23具有包围阀针13的、由非导磁材料制成的内部区域131以及具有无缝隙地包围内部区域131的、由导磁材料制成的外部区域232。衔铁23的内部区域231优选具有刚好平截头圆锥体的形状，所述平截头圆锥体具有面向携动件25的环形顶面231a和背离携动件25的环形底面231b。顶面231a和端面231b的内径大小相同，然而顶面231a的外径显著小于底面231b的外径。优选地，环形顶面231a的外径比阀针13的外径略大，并且环形底面232b的外径比衔铁23的外径略小。衔铁23的外部区域232具有柱形环的形状，所述柱形环具有截头锥体形地延伸的内环壁，所述内环壁的走向相应于内部区域231的外轮廓。根据图5的衔铁23优选制造为由具有高磁阻的材料以及具有低磁阻的材料制成的双组份式构件。
构造为附加内磁极的携动件25的工作方式在图2至4中示出。
在图2中，电磁体15不通电，且通过作用于携动件25上的阀关闭弹簧14将阀针13的关闭头131压靠到阀座17上，计量孔12关闭。在电磁体15的内磁极22和衔铁23之间存在具有轴向缝隙宽度s的环形工作气缝24。衔铁23通过预行程弹簧28压靠到衔铁止挡27上，从而在衔铁23的端面和携动件25的止挡肩251之间产生具有轴向缝隙宽度f的、用于衔铁23的自由行程或预行程26的缝隙。
在该阀状态下，如果电磁体15的电磁线圈20通电，则由电磁线圈20产生的磁通量在衔铁23中分成两条路径，其中第一路径经由衔铁端面直接延伸向内磁极22，而第二路径经由衔铁端面延伸向所述附加内磁极，即延伸向携动件25。因为缝隙宽度f比缝隙宽度s小，所以在第二路径中可实现与所述极面成比例的更大的磁力。由此，衔铁23在电磁线圈20通电时明显更快地从衔铁23的位于衔铁止挡27上的静止或初始位置加速离开。位于衔铁23和阀针13之间的由非导磁材料制成的磁通量截止部阻止磁通量传递到阀针13中并从而阻止阀针13和携动件25上的磁短路。
加速离开其初始位置的衔铁23基于由磁通量产生的磁力而朝内磁极22方向运动，并且首先止挡在携动件25的止挡肩251上(图3)。衔铁端面与内磁极22之间的间距减小到缝隙宽度s‐f。在衔铁23和内磁极22之间起作用的磁力减小，因为通过衔铁23和携动件25之间的接触，第二路径中的磁通量现在一方面增大，而另一方面也不对打开所述阀的磁力做出贡献。
在衔铁23在现在减小的磁力的作用下的进一步行程期间，衔铁23携动所述携动件25，由此阀针13被抬高并且关闭头131从阀座17抬起。基于前述内容，将衔铁23吸引向内磁极22的磁力明显小于用于使衔铁23加速离开其位于衔铁止挡27上的初始位置的磁力。因此，衔铁23用明显更小的力碰撞在内磁极22上，这导致噪音减小。如果衔铁23无缝隙地贴靠在内磁极22上，则衔铁23和内磁极22之间的磁力又增大。磁通量的通过衔铁23延伸到携动件25以及延伸到内磁极22的部分不能被用于使阀维持打开。
在所述阀的图示实施例中，内磁极22在结构上由固定在阀壳体18中的空心柱形磁芯30形成，而外磁极21由在磁芯30和衔铁23区域中于外侧包围阀壳体18的磁罐31形成，该磁罐具有磁轭32。电磁线圈20坐置在阀壳体18上并且由磁罐31的直径较大的罐区段包围，磁罐31的直径较小的罐区段固定、例如焊接在阀壳体18上。因为在该结构实施中阀壳体18由导磁材料制成并且磁罐31和磁芯30贴靠在阀壳体18上，所以为了避免内磁极22和外磁极21之间的磁短路，通过阀壳体18的壁中的环形收缩部181，在阀壳体18的分别贴靠在磁罐31和磁芯30上的区段之间构成磁窄路(Engpass)。构造在携动件25上的径向止挡肩251优选具有从阀针13延伸直到磁芯30内壁附近的肩宽度。为了影响磁通量到从衔铁23直接延伸到内磁极22的磁通量路径和到从衔铁23经由携动件25延伸的磁通量路径中的分配，可在大的范围内改变内磁极22的极面与携动件25上的形成附加内磁极极面的环形止挡肩251的比例。
例如构造为螺旋压力弹簧的阀关闭弹簧14布置在磁芯30的空心内部中，并且该阀关闭弹簧在一侧支撑在携动件25上而在另一侧支撑在固定于磁芯30的校准块33上。从流体入口11到计量孔12的流体流动通过至少一个通到空心柱形磁芯30内部中的斜孔34且通过在一方面引入携动件25中且另一方面引入衔铁23中的轴向孔35或36实现。

Claims (10)

1.用于计量流体的阀，具有：与流体入口(11)处于连接的计量孔(12)；控制所述计量孔(12)的阀针(13)，所述阀针被阀关闭弹簧(14)加载以关闭所述计量孔(12)；电磁体(15)，所述电磁体抵抗所述阀关闭弹簧(14)的关闭力地操纵所述阀针(13)，以释放所述计量孔(12)，所述电磁体在通电时产生磁通量，所述磁通量经由外磁极(21)、空心柱形的内磁极(22)、衔铁(23)和工作气缝(24)延伸，其中，所述衔铁能在构成于所述阀针(13)上的衔铁导向区域(132)上移动，所述工作气缝由衔铁(23)和内磁极(22)限界；固定地布置在所述阀针(13)上的携动件(25)，所述携动件以能轴向移动的方式沉入到构成于所述内磁极(22)中的携动件导向区域(221)内并且具有用于所述衔铁(23)的径向止挡肩(251)，所述径向止挡肩限界所述衔铁(23)的与所述工作气缝(24)的轴向缝隙宽度相比较小的自由行程或预行程(26)，其特征在于，所述携动件(25)扩展成附加内磁极，所述附加内磁极具有由所述止挡肩(251)形成的极面，并且，所述携动件(25)为此构造成导磁的，并且，衔铁(23)和阀针(13)之间的磁通量借助于非导磁材料来阻止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀，其特征在于，所述阀针(13)至少在该阀针的具有所述衔铁导向区域(132)的针区段中由非导磁材料制成，而所述衔铁(23)完全由导磁材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阀，其特征在于，所述阀针(13)至少在该阀针的具有所述衔铁导向区域(132)的针区段中由导磁材料制成，而所述衔铁(23)具有包围所述阀针(13)的、由非导磁材料制成的内部区域(231)以及具有无缝隙地包围所述内部区域(231)的、由导磁材料制成的外部区域(232)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的阀，其特征在于，所述衔铁(23)的内部区域(231)具有刚好平截头圆锥体的形状，所述平截头圆锥体具有面向所述携动件(25)的环形顶面(231a)和背离所述携动件(25)的环形底面(231b)；并且，无缝隙地包围所述内部区域(231)的所述外部区域(232)具有柱形环的形状，所述柱形环具有截头锥体形地延伸的内环壁。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阀，其特征在于，所述平截头圆锥体的顶面(231a)的外径略大于所述阀针(13)的外径，并且所述平截头圆锥体的底面(231b)的外径略小于所述衔铁(23)的外径。
6.根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的阀，其特征在于，所述衔铁(23)制造为双组份式构件。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的阀，其特征在于，所述内磁极(22)由固定在阀壳体(18)中的空心柱形磁芯(30)形成，而所述外磁极(21)由在所述磁芯(30)区域中包围所述阀壳体(18)的磁罐(31)形成，所述磁罐(31)具有相对于所述磁芯(30)的磁轭(32)，并且，构造在所述携动件(25)上的、用于所述衔铁(23)的径向止挡肩(251)具有从所述阀针(13)延伸直到所述磁芯(30)的内壁附近的肩宽度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的阀，其特征在于，在所述磁芯(30)中布置有所述阀关闭弹簧(14)，并且所述阀关闭弹簧在一侧支撑在所述携动件(25)上，在另一侧支撑在固定于所述磁芯(30)上的校准块(33)上。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的阀，其特征在于，所述衔铁(23)的直到所述携动件(25)上的止挡肩(251)为止存在的自由行程或预行程(26)通过衔铁止挡(27)和预行程弹簧(28)来确定，所述衔铁止挡在所述衔铁(23)的背离所述携动件(25)的一侧固定地布置在所述阀针(13)上，所述预行程弹簧将所述衔铁(23)压靠到所述衔铁止挡(27)上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的阀，其特征在于，在所述衔铁(23)上固定地布置有宽松地包围所述阀针(13)的弹簧座(29)，并且所述预行程弹簧(28)在一侧支撑在所述衔铁止挡(27)上而在另一侧支撑在所述弹簧座(29)上。
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US20160293311A1 (en) 2016-10-06
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WO2015071236A1 (de) 2015-05-21
CN105745433B (zh) 2020-08-18

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