CN105739237A - 光刻方法 - Google Patents
光刻方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105739237A CN105739237A CN201510996538.7A CN201510996538A CN105739237A CN 105739237 A CN105739237 A CN 105739237A CN 201510996538 A CN201510996538 A CN 201510996538A CN 105739237 A CN105739237 A CN 105739237A
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- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- acid
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- polymer
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl methyl ketone Natural products CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- 101100482085 Mus musculus Trim30a gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- UBMUZYGBAGFCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 UBMUZYGBAGFCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供光刻方法。所述方法包含:(a)提供包含待蚀刻的有机层的半导体衬底;(b)将光致抗蚀剂组合物层直接涂覆在所述有机层上,其中所述光致抗蚀剂组合物包含:包含酸可裂解离去基的树脂,其裂解形成酸基和/或醇基;光酸产生剂;以及溶剂;(c)使所述光致抗蚀剂层曝露于活化辐射;(d)加热所述光致抗蚀剂层,从而形成所述酸基和/或所述醇基;(e)将所述曝露的光致抗蚀剂组合物层用有机溶剂显影剂显影以形成抗蚀剂图案;(f)涂覆含硅组合物,其中所述组合物包含含硅聚合物和溶剂并且不含交联剂;(g)从所述衬底冲洗残余含硅组合物,将所述含硅聚合物的一部分留在所述抗蚀剂图案的表面上;以及(h)选择性蚀刻所述有机层。
Description
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及电子装置的制造。更具体来说,本发明涉及允许使用负型显影和选择性蚀刻工艺形成精细图案的光刻方法。
背景技术
在半导体制造业中,使用光致抗蚀剂材料将图像转移到安置在半导体衬底上的一个或多个底层,如金属、半导体和介电层,以及所述衬底本身。为了增大半导体装置的集成密度并且允许形成具有纳米范围内的尺寸的结构,已开发并且继续开发具有高分辨率能力的光致抗蚀剂和光刻处理工具。
用于先进光刻图案化的重要促成因素是引入抗反射涂层(ARC)。这些材料在抗蚀剂/衬底界面处吸收光以防止反射,因此减少驻波和薄膜干扰以允许印刷具有垂直轮廓的图案。BARC原先以光致抗蚀剂的双层堆叠形式在有机ARC层上实施。这类ARC常规地经设计以比上覆抗蚀剂图案快得蚀刻以允许图案转移。然而,随着装置几何结构减小,采用更复杂的堆叠已经变成必需。举例来说,光致抗蚀剂/硅ARC/碳的三层堆叠已经用于允许在较小尺寸下图案转移,其描述在例如韦默(Weimer)等人,多层光刻方案的材料和性能(Materialsforandperformanceofmultilayerlithographyschemes),国际光学工程学会会刊(Proc.SPIE)6519,抗蚀剂材料和处理技术中的进展XXIV(AdvancesinResistMaterialsandProcessingTechnologyXXIV),国际光学工程学会会刊,第6519卷,65192S(2007)中。在典型工艺中,薄硅ARC(Si-ARC)最初用氟碳蚀刻剂打开随后转变成含氧蚀刻剂以将图案转移到底层碳层。这一工艺具有缺点,包括例如需要许多工艺步骤,引起产品生产量减少。此外,所述工艺在目前SiARC配制品的情况下一般不稳定。在这点上,SiARC典型地是用溶胶-凝胶化学方法使用硅醇盐前驱体的缩合制造的氧化硅前驱体。缩合反应随时间继续,其可引起聚合物的分子量增加和溶液的粘度增加。因此,这类材料典型地具有约一周的短存放期。这引起如果不快速使用,材料的浪费。
所属领域中持续需要改进的光刻方法,其解决与现有技术水平相关的一个或多个问题并且其允许在电子装置制造中形成精细图案。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供光刻方法。所述方法包含:(a)提供包含待蚀刻的有机层的半导体衬底;(b)将光致抗蚀剂组合物层直接涂覆在所述有机层上,其中所述光致抗蚀剂组合物包含:包含酸可裂解离去基的树脂,其裂解形成酸基和/或醇基;光酸产生剂;以及溶剂;(c)使所述光致抗蚀剂层经由图案化光掩模曝露于活化辐射;(d)加热所述光致抗蚀剂层,其中由所述酸产生剂产生的酸引起所述酸可裂解离去基的裂解,从而形成所述酸基和/或所述醇基;(e)将所述曝露的光致抗蚀剂组合物层用有机溶剂显影剂显影以形成包含所述酸基和/或所述醇基的负型抗蚀剂图案;(f)在所述抗蚀剂图案上方涂覆含硅组合物,其中所述组合物包含含硅聚合物和溶剂并且不含交联剂;(g)从所述衬底冲洗残余含硅组合物,将所述含硅聚合物的一部分留在所述抗蚀剂图案的表面上;以及(h)选择性蚀刻所述有机层。所述方法尤其适用于制造提供高分辨率图案的半导体装置。
本文中所使用的术语仅出于描述特定实施例的目的并且并非意图限制本发明。除非上下文另作明确指示,否则如本文所使用,单数形式“一(a/an)”和“所述(the)”打算包括单数和复数形式两者。对特定玻璃转化温度(Tg)的参考为如通过差示扫描量热法测量。
附图说明
将参看以下附图描述本发明,其中相同的元件符号表示相同的特征,并且其中:
图1A到F是根据本发明的光刻工艺的工艺流程。
具体实施方式
抗蚀剂图案处理组合物
适用于本发明的抗蚀剂图案处理组合物包括含硅聚合物和溶剂,并且可包括一种或多种额外任选组分。组合物当涂布在NTD形成的光致抗蚀剂图案和有机层,例如有机BARC层上方时可提供对有机层蚀刻剂(如氧等离子体)的高耐蚀刻性,从而允许直接使用经处理光致抗蚀剂图案作为蚀刻掩模选择性蚀刻有机层。抗蚀剂图案处理组合物可使用旋涂工具涂布,从而允许在与光致抗蚀剂图案化工艺的整合中的简化处理和简易性。以这种方式,可避免复杂图案化方案,例如使用三层堆叠,如光致抗蚀剂/硅ARC/碳的那些。如本文所描述的组合物当用于本发明的方法时,可进一步提供以下各项中的一种或多种:与抗蚀剂图案的均匀附接;抗蚀剂图案上的可调厚度,从而允许经由收缩工艺产生较小蚀刻特征;改进的抗蚀剂图案线宽粗糙度(LWR);以及改进的图案均匀性。
用于图案处理组合物的适合含硅聚合物包括例如无规共聚物和嵌段共聚物(BCP)。无规共聚物可包括两个、三个、四个或更多个不同单元。嵌段共聚物可为多嵌段共聚物。多嵌段可包括例如二嵌段、三嵌段、四嵌段或更多嵌段。嵌段可为线性共聚物、其中分支接枝到主链上的分支共聚物(这些共聚物有时也被称为“梳状共聚物”)、星形共聚物等的一部分。含硅聚合物能够例如通过用由于在抗蚀剂图案化工艺期间去保护而存在于抗蚀剂图案上的酸和/或醇基粘结来粘附到NTD形成的光致抗蚀剂图案。聚合物优选地具有将聚合物锚定到抗蚀剂图案的去保护基团的“粘性”组分,和允许形成光滑表面的“光滑”组分。粘性和光滑组分典型地在嵌段共聚物的不同嵌段上或无规共聚物的不同单元中。粘性组分和光滑组分中的一者或两者含硅。
聚合物的粘性组分优选地包括含有有效地与抗蚀剂图案表面处的去保护酸基和/或醇基形成一键(优选地离子键或氢键)的氢受体的基团。含有氢受体的基团可为例如含氮基团或含氧基团。适合的含氮基团可与抗蚀剂图案表面处的酸基形成离子键。适用的含氮基团包括例如胺基,如伯胺、仲胺以及叔胺;和酰胺基,如烷基酰胺基。含氮基团也可为环,如吡啶、吲哚、咪唑、三嗪、吡咯烷、氮杂环丙烷、氮杂环丁烷、哌啶、吡咯、嘌呤、二氮杂环丁烷、二噻嗪、氮杂环辛烷、氮杂环壬烷、喹啉、咔唑、吖啶、吲唑、苯并咪唑等的一部分。
适合的含氧基团可与抗蚀剂图案表面处的去保护醇基形成氢键。适用的含氧基团包括例如醚和醇基。适合的醇包括例如伯羟基,如羟甲基、羟乙基等;仲羟基,如1-羟乙基、1-羟丙基等;和叔醇,如2-羟基丙-2-基、2-羟基-2-甲基丙基等;和酚衍生物,如2-羟基苯甲基、3-羟基苯甲基、4-羟基苯甲基、2-羟萘基等。适用的醚基包括例如甲氧基、乙氧基、2-甲氧基乙氧基等。其它适用的含氧基团包括二酮官能团,如戊烷-2,4-二酮,和酮,如乙酮、丁酮等。
粘性组分的适合的单体单元包括例如甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙酯、丙烯酸2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-(叔丁氨基)乙酯、丙烯酸2-N-吗啉基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-N-吗啉基乙酯、丙烯酸3-二甲氨基新戊酯、N-(t-BOC-氨丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-[2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙基]甲基丙烯酰胺、N-[3-(N,N-二甲氨基)丙基]丙烯酰胺、N-[3-(N,N-二甲氨基)丙基]甲基丙烯酰胺、2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、N-(3-氨丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸2-氨乙酯、2-(二甲氨基)苯乙烯、4-(二甲氨基)苯乙烯、2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶以及N-乙烯吡咯烷酮。当材料是基于聚硅氧烷化学时,粘性组分典型地包括胺官能性硅氧烷单体,如正(乙酰基甘氨酰基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(正烯丙基氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、烯丙氨基三甲基硅烷、4-氨基丁基三乙氧基硅烷、4-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、4-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁基三甲氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基异丁基二甲基甲氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基异丁基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、(氨乙基氨甲基)苯乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-2,2,4-三甲基-1-氮杂-2-硅杂环戊烷、正(6-氨已基)氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷、正(6-氨己基)氨基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、正(2-氨乙基)-11-氨基十一基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(间氨基苯氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、间氨基苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对氨基苯基三甲氧基硅烷、正-3-[(氨基(聚丙烯氧基)]氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、11-氨基十一基三乙氧基硅烷、正(2-正苯甲基氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、叔丁基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(正环己基氨甲基)三乙氧基硅烷、(正环己基氨甲基)三甲氧基硅烷、(n,n-二乙基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、n,n-二甲基-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、(n,n-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-(正乙氨基)异丁基)三甲氧基硅烷、正甲基氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、正甲基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(苯基氨甲基)甲基二甲氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷等。
以聚合物计,含表面组分的单体单元典型地以0.001摩尔%到100摩尔%,0.01摩尔%到50摩尔%,0.1摩尔%到20摩尔%,或0.1摩尔%到10摩尔%的量存在于聚合物中。
光滑组分优选地具有使其可在曝光后烘烤期间流动以通过使其与空气的表面积最小化形成光滑表面的Tg。Tg优选地比底层抗蚀剂图案的回流温度低。伴以这一特性,图案处理组合物可提供改进的刻线边缘和圆度粗糙度,导致更光滑刻线和更圆形孔洞。尽管所需Tg将取决于底层光致抗蚀剂图案,光滑组分典型地具有-140℃到200℃,例如-125℃到170℃的Tg。用于聚合物的光滑组分的适合的材料包括例如聚(甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸乙酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸丙酯)、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷等。
用于聚合物的光滑组分的适合的材料包括乙烯基芳香族单体、丙烯酸酯单体、(烷基)丙烯酸酯单体、聚硅氧烷、聚(二甲基硅杂丁烷)或其组合。用于光滑组分的适合的乙烯基芳香族单体包括苯乙烯、邻甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、间甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、α-甲基-对甲基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯、一氯苯乙烯、4-叔丁基苯乙烯等,或包含前述烷基苯乙烯单体中的至少一者的组合。乙烯基芳香族单体也可包括例如如由式1表示的侧接硅原子:
其中R1是SiR2,其中R2是C1-C10烷基、OSiMe2SiMe3、O(SiMe2)2SiMe3、SiMe2SiMe3、(SiMe2)2SiMe3等。包括侧接硅原子的示例性苯乙烯单体显示于式2-4中:
用于光滑组分的适合的丙烯酸酯单体可具有衍生自例如由式5表示的单体的结构:
其中R1是氢或具有1到10个碳原子的烷基,并且R2是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基或C7-10芳烷基。(烷基)丙烯酸酯的实例是甲基丙烯酸酯、乙基丙烯酸酯、丙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、乙基丙烯酸甲酯、丙基丙烯酸甲酯、乙基丙烯酸乙酯、芳基丙烯酸甲酯等等、或包含前述丙烯酸酯中的至少一种的组合。除非另外说明,否则术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”意味着涵盖丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。用于光滑组分的丙烯酸酯单体的示例性实例是聚(甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸乙酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸丙酯)。
丙烯酸酯单体也可包括例如如由式6表示的侧接硅原子:
其中R2含有硅,例如R2=SiR3,其中R3是C1-C10烷基、OSiMe2SiMe3、O(SiMe2)2SiMe3、SiMe2SiMe3、(SiMe2)2SiMe3、CH2SiMe3、CH(SiMe3)2等。包括侧接硅原子的示例性丙烯酸酯单体显示于式7-14中:
光滑组分也可包含衍生自硅氧烷单体并且具有具式15的结构的重复单元的聚硅氧烷:
其中每个R独立地是C1-C10烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C14芳基、C7-C13烷基芳基或C7-C13芳基烷基。可在同一单体中存在前述R基团的组合。示例性硅氧烷包括二甲基硅氧烷、二乙基硅氧烷、二苯基硅氧烷以及其组合。
当用于聚合物时光滑组分可以按聚合物计,例如50摩尔%到99.999摩尔%,50摩尔%到99.99摩尔%,80摩尔%到99.9摩尔%,或90摩尔%到99.9摩尔%的量存在于聚合物中。
通过选择适合的聚合物,可精确控制聚合物在抗蚀剂图案侧壁上的生长量。举例来说,如果需要在收缩工艺中产生较小蚀刻特征,那么较大生长可为所需的。这一厚度可例如通过选择适合的分子量进行控制,其中较高分子量导致较大厚度,并且反之亦然。聚合物的化学组成也可影响生长量。举例来说,具有较长无扰末端距(unperturbedend-to-enddistance)或特征比的聚合物关于给定分子量提供较大厚度。当涂布在抗蚀剂图案,例如接触孔、沟槽或线纹和空间图案上方时,不论特征尺寸或密度,可获得一致收缩值。即,组合物允许具有最少或无接近偏差的收缩图案。
含硅聚合物应在用于抗蚀剂图案处理组合物的有机溶剂和用于从衬底冲洗和完全去除过多聚合物(即聚合物不附着于抗蚀剂图案)的有机溶剂中具有良好溶解性。图案处理组合物中聚合物的含量将取决于例如组合物的所需涂布厚度。按组合物的总固体计,含硅聚合物典型地以80wt%到100wt%,更典型地,90wt%到100wt%,例如100wt%的量存在于组合物中。含硅聚合物的重量平均分子量典型地小于400,000g/mol,优选地5000g/mol到200,000g/mol,更优选地1000g/mol到125,000g/mol。
含硅聚合物优选地具有良好耐蚀刻性以促进图案转移。聚合物对氧等离子体的耐蚀刻性随着硅含量增加而增加。硅含量高的聚合物一般对氧等离子体反应性离子蚀刻具有高耐受性。因此,硅含量一般用作预测蚀刻特性的方法。当需要高耐蚀刻性时,按聚合物计,聚合物的硅含量典型地大于10wt%,优选地大于15wt%,并且更优选地大于20wt%,大于25wt%或大于30wt%。
适用于抗蚀剂图案处理组合物的聚合物包括具有多个不同重复单元,例如两个、三个或四个不同重复单元的嵌段和无规共聚物。适用于组合物的适合的共聚物包括例如:聚[(甲基丙烯酸三甲基硅烷基甲酯)-无规-(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)]、聚[(4-三甲基硅烷基苯乙烯)-无规-(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)]、聚[(甲基丙烯酸三甲基硅烷基甲酯)-无规-(2-乙烯基吡啶)]、氨丙基甲基硅氧烷-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物、氨乙基氨丙基甲基硅氧烷-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物、氨乙基氨异丁基甲基硅氧烷-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物、聚(4-三甲基硅烷基苯乙烯)-嵌段-聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)、聚(甲基丙烯酸三甲基硅烷基甲酯)-嵌段-聚(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)、聚(4-三甲基硅烷基苯乙烯)-嵌段-聚(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸三甲基硅烷基甲酯)-嵌段-聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)、聚(二甲基硅氧烷)-嵌段-聚(2-乙烯基吡啶)以及聚(二甲基硅氧烷)-嵌段-聚(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)。
图案处理组合物典型地包括单一聚合物,但可任选地包括一种或多种如上文所述的额外聚合物或另一聚合物。用于组合物中的适合的聚合物是市售的和/或可由所属领域的技术人员容易地制得。
图案处理组合物进一步包括有机溶剂或有机溶剂的混合物。配制和浇铸组合物的适合的溶剂材料展示相对于组合物的非溶剂组分的极好可溶性特征,但不明显地溶解底层光致抗蚀剂图案。用于组合物的适合的有机溶剂包括例如:烷基酯,如丙酸烷基酯,如丙酸正丁酯、丙酸正戊酯、丙酸正己酯以及丙酸正庚酯,和丁酸烷基酯,如丁酸正丁酯、丁酸异丁酯以及异丁酸异丁酯;酮,如2,5-二甲基-4-己酮和2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮;脂肪族烃,如正庚烷、正壬烷、正辛烷、正癸烷、2-甲基庚烷、3-甲基庚烷、3,3-二甲基己烷以及2,3,4-三甲基戊烷,和氟化脂肪族烃,如全氟庚烷;以及醇,如直链、支链或环状C4-C9一元醇,如1-丁醇、2-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、1-己醇、1-庚醇、1-辛醇、2-己醇、2-庚醇、2-辛醇、3-己醇、3-庚醇、3-辛醇以及4-辛醇;2,2,3,3,4,4-六氟-1-丁醇、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟-1-戊醇以及2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十氟-1-己醇,以及C5-C9氟化二醇,如2,2,3,3,4,4-六氟-1,5-戊二醇、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟-1,6-己二醇以及2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-十二氟-1,8-辛二醇;以及含有这些溶剂中的一个或多个的混合物。在这些有机溶剂中,丙酸烷基酯、丁酸烷基酯以及酮,优选地支化酮是优选的,并且更优选地是丙酸C8-C9烷基酯、丙酸C8-C9烷基酯、C8-C9酮以及含有这些溶剂中的一个或多个的混合物。适合的混合溶剂包括例如烷基酮与丙酸烷基酯,如上文所描述的烷基酮与丙酸烷基酯的混合物。图案处理组合物的溶剂组分典型地以按组合物计,90wt%到99wt%的量存在。
图案处理组合物可包括一种或多种任选的添加剂,包括例如表面活性剂和抗氧化剂。这类任选的添加剂如果使用,那么各自典型地以微量,如按组合物的总固体计0.01wt%到10wt%的量存在于组合物中。
典型的表面活性剂包括展示两亲性的那些表面活性剂,意味着其可同时具有亲水性和疏水性。两亲性表面活性剂具有一个或多个对水有较强亲和力的亲水性头基,和亲有机物质并且排斥水的长疏水性尾。适合的表面活性剂可为离子性(即,阴离子性、阳离子性)或非离子性的。表面活性剂的其它实例包括硅酮表面活性剂、聚(环氧烷)表面活性剂以及氟化物表面活性剂。适合的非离子性表面活性剂包括(但不限于)辛基苯酚和壬基苯酚乙氧基化物,如X-114、X-100、X-45、X-15,以及支链仲醇乙氧基化物,如TERGITOLTMTMN-6(美国密歇根州米德兰的陶氏化学公司(TheDowChemicalCompany,Midland,MichiganUSA))。其它示例性表面活性剂包括醇(伯醇和仲醇)乙氧基化物、胺乙氧基化物、葡糖苷、还原葡糖胺、聚乙二醇、聚(乙二醇-共-丙二醇),或由新泽西州格伦洛克(GlenRock,N.J.)的制造商康费纳出版公司(ConfectionersPublishingCo.)于2000年出版的北美版《麦卡琴乳化剂和清洁剂》(McCutcheon′sEmulsifiersandDetergents)中所公开的其它表面活性剂。炔系二醇衍生物类非离子性表面活性剂也是适合的。这类表面活性剂可从宾夕法尼亚州艾伦镇(Allentown,PA)的空气产品和化学品公司(AirProductsandChemicals,Inc.)购得并且以商品名瑟非诺(SURFYNOL)和迪诺(DYNOL)出售。额外适合的表面活性剂包括其它聚合化合物,如三嵌段EO-PO-EO共聚物普朗尼克(PLURONIC)25R2、L121、L123、L31、L81、L101以及P123(巴斯夫公司(BASF,Inc.))。
可添加抗氧化剂以使图案处理组合物中有机材料的氧化减到最少。适合的抗氧化剂包括例如酚类抗氧化剂、由有机酸衍生物构成的抗氧化剂、含硫抗氧化剂、磷类抗氧化剂、胺类抗氧化剂、由胺-醛缩合物构成的抗氧化剂以及由胺-酮缩合物构成的抗氧化剂。酚类抗氧化剂的实例包括经取代的酚,如1-氧基-3-甲基-4-异丙基苯、2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、4-羟甲基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、丁基羟基苯甲醚、2-(1-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2-甲基-4,6-二壬基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-α-二甲氨基-对甲酚、6-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯胺基)2,4-双辛基-硫基-1,3,5-三嗪、正十八基-3-(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯基)丙酸酯、辛基酚、芳烷基取代的苯酚、烷基化对甲酚以及受阻酚;双酚、三酚以及多酚,如4,4′-二羟基联苯、亚甲基双(二甲基-4,6-苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双-(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双-(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基-双-(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双-(6-α-甲基-苯甲基-对甲酚)、亚甲基交联的多价烷基酚、4,4′-亚丁基双-(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,1-双-(4-羟苯基)-环己烷、2,2′-二羟基-3,3′-二-(α-甲基环己基)-5,5′-二甲基二苯基甲烷、烷基化双酚、受阻双酚、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲基)苯、三-(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷以及四-[亚甲基-3-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-4′-羟苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷。适合的抗氧化剂是市售的,例如IrganoxTM抗氧化剂(汽巴精化公司(CibaSpecialtyChemicalsCorp.))。
图案处理组合物不含交联剂。相信交联剂可不利地影响接近性和大小偏差特征,其中在分离特征上涂布厚度将由于分离抗蚀剂图案中酸的较高浓度而比在更密集封装的特征上大。组合物优选地不含酸、酸产生剂化合物(例如热酸产生剂化合物和光酸产生剂化合物),因为这类化合物可由于抗蚀剂图案酸和/或醇基的竞争而限制聚合物在抗蚀剂图案上的涂布程度。
图案处理组合物可遵循已知程序制备。举例来说,组合物可通过在溶剂组分中溶解聚合物和组合物的其它任选的固体组分制备。组合物的所需总固体含量将取决于如组合物中的特定聚合物和所需最终层厚度的因素。优选地,组合物的固体含量是按组合物的总重量计,1wt%到10wt%,更优选地1wt%到5wt%。
NTD光致抗蚀剂组合物
适用于本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物包括包含酸敏感的基质树脂的化学放大光致抗蚀剂组合物,意味着作为光致抗蚀剂组合物的层的一部分,树脂和组合物层发生有机显影剂的溶解度变化,这是由与由光酸产生剂在软烘烤、曝露于活化辐射和曝光后烘烤之后产生的酸的反应所致。溶解度的变化在基质聚合物中的酸可裂解离去基,如光酸不稳定酯或缩醛基在曝露于活化辐射和热处理时发生光酸促进去保护反应以产生酸或醇基团时引起。适用于本发明的适合光致抗蚀剂组合物是市售的。
对于在低于200nm波长,如193nm下成像,基质聚合物典型地实质上不含(例如小于15摩尔%)或完全不含苯基、苯甲基或其它芳香族基团,其中这类基团高度吸收辐射。优选的酸不稳定基团包括例如含有共价连接到基质聚合物的酯的羧基氧的叔非环烷基碳(例如叔丁基)或叔脂环族碳(例如甲基金刚烷基)的缩醛基或酯基。
适合的基质聚合物进一步包括含有(烷基)丙烯酸酯单元,优选地包括酸不稳定(烷基)丙烯酸酯单元的聚合物,所述(烷基)丙烯酸酯单元如丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸甲基金刚烷酯、甲基丙烯酸甲基金刚烷酯、丙烯酸乙基葑酯、甲基丙烯酸乙基葑酯等,以及其它非环烷基和脂环族(烷基)丙烯酸酯。其它适合的基质聚合物包括例如含有非芳香族环烯烃(内环双键),如任选经取代的降冰片烯的聚合单元的基质聚合物。
其它适合的基质聚合物包括含有聚合酸酐单元,尤其聚合顺丁烯二酸酐和/或衣康酸酐单元的聚合物,如欧洲公开申请EP01008913A1和美国专利第6,048,662号中所公开。
也适用作基质聚合物的是含有具有杂原子,尤其氧和/或硫的重复单元(但酸酐除外,即所述单元不含酮环原子)的树脂。杂脂环单元可稠合到聚合物主链,并且可包含稠合碳脂环单元,如通过降冰片烯基团的聚合提供,和/或酸酐单元,如通过顺丁烯二酸酐或衣康酸酐的聚合提供。这类聚合物公开于PCT/US01/14914和美国专利第6,306,554号中。其它适合的含杂原子基团的基质聚合物包括含有经一个或多个含杂原子(例如氧或硫)的基团(例如羟基萘基)取代的聚合碳环芳基单元的聚合物,如美国专利第7,244,542号中所公开。
上文所描述的基质聚合物中的两种或更多种的掺合物可适当地用于光致抗蚀剂组合物中。
用于光致抗蚀剂组合物中的适合的基质聚合物是市售的并且可由所属领域的技术人员容易地制得。基质聚合物以足以使得抗蚀剂的曝光涂层在适合的显影剂溶液中可显影的量存在于抗蚀剂组合物中。典型地,基质聚合物以按抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,50wt%到95wt%的量存在于组合物中。基质聚合物的重量平均分子量Mw典型地是小于100,000,例如5000到100,000,更典型地5000到15,000。
光致抗蚀剂组合物进一步包含以足以在曝露于活化辐射后在组合物的涂层中产生潜像的量采用的光酸产生剂(PAG)。举例来说,光酸产生剂将适当地以按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,约1wt%到20wt%的量存在。典型地,相比于非化学放大材料,较少量的PAG将适合于化学放大抗蚀剂。
适合的PAG是化学放大光致抗蚀剂领域中已知的并且包括例如:鎓盐,例如三氟甲烷磺酸三苯基锍、三氟甲烷磺酸(对叔丁氧基苯基)二苯基锍、三氟甲烷磺酸三(对叔丁氧基苯基)锍、对甲苯磺酸三苯基锍;硝基苯甲基衍生物,例如2-硝基苯甲基-对甲苯磺酸盐、2,6-二硝基苯甲基-对甲苯磺酸盐以及2,4-二硝基苯甲基-对甲苯磺酸盐;磺酸酯,例如1,2,3-三(甲烷磺酰基氧基)苯、1,2,3-三(三氟甲烷磺酰基氧基)苯以及1,2,3-三(对甲苯磺酰基氧基)苯;重氮甲烷衍生物,例如双(苯磺酰基)重氮甲烷、双(对甲苯磺酰基)重氮甲烷;乙二肟衍生物,例如双-O-(对甲苯磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟和双-O-(正丁烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟;N-羟基酰亚胺化合物的磺酸酯衍生物,例如N-羟基丁二酰亚胺甲磺酸酯、N-羟基丁二酰亚胺三氟甲磺酸酯;以及含卤素的三嗪化合物,例如2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪以及2-(4-甲氧基萘基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪。可使用这类PAG中的一种或多种。
用于光致抗蚀剂组合物的适合的溶剂包括例如:二醇醚,如2-甲氧基乙基醚(二乙二醇二甲醚)、乙二醇单甲醚以及丙二醇单甲醚;丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯;乳酸酯,如乳酸甲酯和乳酸乙酯;丙酸酯,如丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙氧基丙酸乙酯以及甲基-2-羟基异丁酸酯;溶纤剂酯,如溶纤剂乙酸甲酯;芳香族烃,如甲苯和二甲苯;以及酮,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、环己酮以及2-庚酮。溶剂的掺合物,如上文所描述的溶剂中的两种、三种或更多种的掺合物也是适合的。溶剂典型地以按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总重量计,90wt%到99wt%,更典型地95wt%到98wt%的量存在于组合物中。
光致抗蚀剂组合物也可包括其它任选的材料。举例来说,组合物可包括光化染料和对比染料、抗条纹剂、塑化剂、增速剂、敏化剂等中的一个或多个。这类任选的添加剂如果使用,那么典型地以微量,如以按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,0.1wt%到10wt%的量存在于组合物中。
抗蚀剂组合物的优选的任选添加剂是添加的碱。适合的碱包括例如:线性和环状酰胺和其衍生物,如N,N-双(2-羟乙基)棕榈酰胺、N,N-二乙基乙酰胺、N1,N1,N3,N3-四丁基丙二酰胺、1-甲基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮、1-烯丙基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮以及1,3-二羟基-2-(羟甲基)丙-2-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯;芳香族胺,如吡啶和二叔丁基吡啶;脂肪族胺,如三异丙醇胺、正叔丁基二乙醇胺、三(2-乙酰氧基-乙基)胺、2,2′,2″,2″′-(乙烷-1,2-二基双(氮烷三基))四乙醇和2-(二丁基氨基)乙醇、2,2′,2″-氮基三乙醇;环状脂肪族胺,如1-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-羟基哌啶、1-吡咯烷甲酸叔丁酯、2-乙基-1H-咪唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯、哌嗪-1,4-二甲酸二叔丁酯以及N(2-乙酰氧基-乙基)吗啉。添加的碱典型地以相对较小量,例如按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,0.01wt%到5wt%,优选地0.1wt%到2wt%使用。
光致抗蚀剂可遵循已知程序制备。举例来说,抗蚀剂可通过将光致抗蚀剂的组分溶解于适合的溶剂,例如以下中的一个或多个中而制备成涂层组合物:二醇醚,如2-甲氧基乙基醚(二乙二醇二甲醚)、乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚;丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯;乳酸酯,如乳酸乙酯或乳酸甲酯,其中乳酸乙酯是优选的;丙酸酯,尤其丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯以及乙氧基丙酸乙酯;溶纤剂酯,如溶纤剂乙酸甲酯;芳香族烃,如甲苯或二甲苯;或酮,如甲基乙基酮、环己酮以及2-庚酮。光致抗蚀剂的所需总固体含量将取决于如组合物中的特定聚合物、最终层厚度以及曝光波长的因素。典型地,光致抗蚀剂的固体含量在按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总重量计,1wt%到10wt%,更典型地2wt%到5wt%范围内变化。
适合的NTD光致抗蚀剂在所属领域中已知并且包括例如美国专利公开US20130115559A1、US20110294069A1、US20120064456A1、US20120288794A1、US20120171617A1、US20120219902A1以及US7998655B2中描述的那些。
光刻方法
现在将参看图1A到F描述根据本发明的方法,所述图说明通过负型显影形成光刻图案的示例性工艺流程。
图1A以横截面描绘可包括各种层和特征的衬底100。衬底可具有如半导体,如硅或化合物半导体(例如III-V或II-VI)、玻璃、石英、陶瓷、铜等的材料。典型地,衬底是半导体晶片,如单晶硅或化合物半导体晶片,并且可在其表面上具有一个或多个待蚀刻的层。层可包括例如一种或多种导电层,如铝、铜、钼、钽、钛、钨、合金、这类金属的氮化物或硅化物、掺杂非晶硅或掺杂多晶硅的层;一种或多种介电层,如氧化硅、氮化硅、氮氧化硅或金属氧化物的层;半导体层,如单晶硅,以及其组合。层可通过各种技术形成,例如化学气相沉积(CVD),如等离子体增强CVD、低压CVD或外延生长,物理气相沉积(PVD),如溅镀或蒸发,或电镀。一个或多个待蚀刻的层的特定厚度将取决于材料和形成的特定装置而变化。
在衬底100上方提供有机层102。有机层优选地实质上不含(例如按层计小于5wt%)或完全不含硅。有机层可例如为直接在上面涂布光致抗蚀剂层104的有机底部抗反射涂布(BARC)层。当衬底和/或底层将在光致抗蚀剂曝光期间另外反射大量入射辐射,使得形成的图案的质量将受不利影响时,可使用有机BARC层。这类涂层可改进聚焦深度、曝光宽容度、线宽均匀性以及CD控制。当抗蚀剂曝光于深紫外光(300nm或更小),例如KrF准分子激光(248nm)或ArF准分子激光(193nm)时,典型地使用抗反射涂层。抗反射涂层可包含单个层或多个不同层。适合的有机抗反射材料和形成方法在所属领域中已知。有机抗反射材料是市售的,例如由罗门哈斯电子材料有限责任公司(RohmandHaasElectronicMaterialsLLC)(美国马萨诸塞州马波罗(Marlborough,MAUSA))以ARTM商标出售的那些,如ARTM40A和ARTM124抗反射材料。有机层102的典型厚度是到
光致抗蚀剂层104在有机层102上方安置于衬底上。光致抗蚀剂组合物可通过旋涂、浸渍、辊涂或其它常规涂布技术涂覆到衬底。在这些技术中,旋涂是典型的。对于旋涂,涂料溶液的固体含量可基于所采用的具体涂布设备、溶液的粘度、涂布工具的速度以及允许旋转的时间量进行调节来提供所需的膜厚度。光致抗蚀剂层104的典型厚度是到
光致抗蚀剂层可随后经软烘烤以使层中的溶剂含量降到最低,从而形成无粘性涂层并且改进层与衬底的粘合。软烘烤可在加热板上或烘箱中进行,其中加热板是典型的。软烘烤温度和时间将取决于例如光致抗蚀剂的特定材料和厚度。典型软烘烤在约90℃到150℃的温度下进行,并且时间是约30秒到90秒。
光致抗蚀剂层104随后经由图案化光掩模108曝露于活化辐射106以在曝露区与未曝露区之间产生溶解性差异。本文中提及将光致抗蚀剂组合物曝露于使组合物活化的辐射表明辐射能够在光致抗蚀剂组合物中形成潜像。光掩模具有对应于抗蚀剂层的区的光学透明区和光学不透明区以在后续显影步骤中分别保留和去除。曝光波长通常低于400nm、低于300nm或低于200nm,其中248nm、193nm以及EUV波长(例如13.5nm)是典型的。所述方法应用于浸没或干式(非浸没)光刻技术。曝光能量典型地是约10到80mJ/cm2,其取决于曝光工具和光致抗蚀剂组合物的组分。
在光致抗蚀剂层104曝光后,进行曝光后烘烤(PEB)。由酸产生剂产生的酸引起酸可裂解离去基的裂解以形成酸基,典型地羧酸基和/或醇基。PEB可例如在加热板上或烘箱中进行。PEB的条件将取决于例如特定光致抗蚀剂组合物和层厚度。PEB典型地在约80℃到150℃的温度下进行,并且时间是约30秒到90秒。
曝露的光致抗蚀剂层随后经显影以去除未曝露区,使曝露区形成如图1B中所示的负型抗蚀剂图案104′。抗蚀剂图案104′包括去阻断羧酸基和/或醇基团。负型显影剂是有机溶剂显影剂,例如选自酮、酯、醚、烃以及其混合物的溶剂。适合的酮溶剂包括例如丙酮、2-己酮、5-甲基-2-己酮、2-庚酮、4-庚酮、1-辛酮、2-辛酮、1-壬酮、2-壬酮、二异丁基酮、环己酮、甲基环己酮、苯基丙酮、甲基乙基酮以及甲基异丁基酮。适合的酯溶剂包括例如乙酸甲酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸戊酯、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单丁醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、乙基-3-乙氧基丙酸酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、甲酸丁酯、甲酸丙酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯以及乳酸丙酯。适合的醚溶剂包括例如二噁烷、四氢呋喃和二醇醚溶剂,例如乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、三乙二醇单乙醚以及甲氧基甲基丁醇。适合的酰胺溶剂包括例如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺以及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。适合的烃溶剂包括例如芳香族烃溶剂,如甲苯和二甲苯。此外,可使用这些溶剂的混合物,或与除上文所描述的那些以外的溶剂混合或与水混合的所列溶剂中的一个或多个。其它适合的溶剂包括用于光致抗蚀剂组合物中的那些。显影剂优选地是2-庚酮或乙酸丁酯,如乙酸正丁酯。有机溶剂典型地以按显影剂的总重量计,90wt%到100wt%,更典型地大于95wt%、大于98wt%、大于99wt%或100wt%的组合量存在于显影剂中。
显影剂材料可包括任选的添加剂,例如,如上文关于光致抗蚀剂所描述的表面活性剂。这类任选的添加剂典型地将以较小浓度,例如以按显影剂的总重量计,约0.01wt%到5wt%的量存在。
显影剂可通过已知技术,例如通过旋涂或覆液涂布(puddle-coating)而涂覆于衬底。显影时间是有效去除光致抗蚀剂的未曝露区的时段,其中5到30秒的时间是典型的。显影典型地在室温下进行。
在显影后,抗蚀剂图案104′可任选地在硬烘烤工艺中经热处理以从抗蚀剂图案进一步去除溶剂。任选的硬烘烤典型地用加热板或烘箱进行,并且典型地在约90℃或更高,例如约100℃到150℃的温度下进行,并且时间是约30秒到120秒。
参看图1C,如本文所描述的图案处理组合物涂布在抗蚀剂图案104′上方以形成图案处理组合物层112。应涂覆组合物以便完全覆盖抗蚀剂图案。
图案处理组合物层112典型地随后经软烘烤以从组合物去除溶剂并且使得含硅聚合物扩散并且在聚合物的粘性部分与光致抗蚀剂图案的去保护酸基和/或醇基之间诱导粘结。组合物的典型软烘烤在约90℃到150℃的温度下进行,并且时间是约30秒到120秒。
包括未粘结到抗蚀剂图案的含硅聚合物的残余图案处理组合物接着通过冲洗从衬底去除,留下如图1D中所示的粘结到抗蚀剂图案的聚合物的层112′。适合的冲洗溶液包括有机溶剂显影剂,其中聚合物是可溶的。适合的材料包括例如关于NTD显影剂在本文中所描述的显影剂。在这些显影剂中,乙酸正丁酯和2-庚酮是典型的。所得图像典型地具有与光致抗蚀剂层显影之后的抗蚀剂图案相比改进的(即减少的)表面粗糙度。
任选地,冲洗后烘烤可在含硅聚合物的Tg以上但抗蚀剂图案的Tg以下的温度下进行。这一烘烤可提供有利结果,例如呈由聚合物的热力学驱动所致的改进的图案粗糙度或圆度以使其与空气的界面面积最小化的形式。
有机层102可接着使用抗蚀剂图案104′和粘结的含硅聚合物112′作为蚀刻掩模选择性蚀刻以形成有机图案102’和曝露底层衬底100,如图1E中所示。用于蚀刻层102的适合的蚀刻技术和化学反应在所属领域中已知,其中干式蚀刻工艺,如反应性离子蚀刻是典型的。有机层102可例如通过氧等离子体蚀刻去除。抗蚀剂图案104′和含硅聚合物112′接着如图1F中所示使用已知技术,例如氧等离子体灰化从衬底去除。
以下非限制性实例说明本发明。
实例
光致抗蚀剂组合物制备
将1.663g基质聚合物A[Mw=13,300,多分散指数(PDI)=1.49]溶解于29.023gPGMEA、20.316g甲基-2-羟基异丁酸酯以及8.707g2-庚酮中。向这一混合物中添加0.136gPAGA、0.094gPAGB、0.019g(1,3-二羟基-2-(羟甲基)丙-2-基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯淬灭剂以及0.039g聚合物添加剂A。所得混合物在辊上轧制六小时并且随后经由具有0.2微米微孔尺寸的特富龙(Teflon)滤纸过滤,得到光致抗蚀剂组合物PR-A。
抗蚀剂图案处理(RPT)组合物制备
使用具有以下显示的结构和表1中所示的特性的AMS-2202、AMS-152以及AMS-1203含胺聚二甲基硅氧烷材料(美国宾夕法尼亚州莫里斯维尔盖勒斯特公司(Gelest,Inc.,Morrisville,PAUSA))制备抗蚀剂图案处理组合物。
表1
聚合物 | 粘度(cp) | Mw | 氨基甲基硅氧烷含量(摩尔%) |
AMS-2202 | 300-500 | NA* | 18-24 |
AMS-152 | 100-300 | 7000-9000 | 4-5 |
AMS-1203 | 900-1100 | 20,000 | 20-25 |
基于盖勒斯特公司数据表的信息。*数据未提供。
抗蚀剂图案处理组合物(RPT)通过使用表2中阐述的组分和量将聚合物溶解在有机溶剂中,并且用0.2微米特富龙过滤器过滤组合物来制备。
表2
实例 | RPT组合物 | 聚合物 | 聚合物含量 | 溶剂 |
1 | RPT-1 | AMS-2202(0.4g) | 2wt% | 乙酸戊酯(19.6g) |
2 | RPT-2 | AMS-152(0.6g) | 3wt% | 庚烷(19.4g) |
3 | RPT-3 | AMS-1203(0.6g) | 3wt% | 庚烷(19.4g) |
NTD浸没式光刻
300mm硅晶片用ARTM40A抗反射剂(罗门哈斯电子材料公司)旋涂以在TELCLEANTRACLITHIUSi+涂布机/显影机上形成第一有机BARC层。晶片在205℃下烘烤60秒,产生厚度是80nm的第一BARC膜。使用ARTM104抗反射剂(罗门哈斯电子材料公司)在第一BARC层上方涂布第二有机BARC层,并且在175℃下烘烤60秒以产生40nm顶部BARC层。将光致抗蚀剂组合物PR-A旋涂在双重BARC涂布的晶片上并且在90℃下在TELCLEANTRACKLITHIUSi+涂布机/显影机上软烘烤60秒以提供厚度是约80nm的抗蚀剂层。在ASMLTWINSCANXT:1900i浸没扫描仪上使用CQUAD照明条件在1.35NA,0.85外σ和0.72内σ下,一组晶片经由具有接触孔图案的掩模曝露并且另一组晶片经由具有线纹和空间图案的掩模曝露。曝露的晶片在100℃下进行曝光后烘烤60秒并且随后在TELCLEANTRACKTMLITHIUSTMi+涂布机/显影机上使用OSDTM1000(罗门哈斯电子材料公司)显影剂显影25秒,得到具有接触孔或线纹和空间图案的负型图案化晶片。
抗蚀剂图案处理(RPT)组合物处理和评估
通过旋涂将RPT组合物涂布在图案化晶片上。经涂布的晶片在加热板上在90℃下烘烤60秒。通过用有机溶剂的覆液冲洗并且旋转干燥,接着额外烘烤以去除残余溶剂来去除残余未接枝的RPT材料。工艺条件概述在表3中。
表3
用在0.2kV到2kV加速电压和250K放大率下操作的日立(Hitachi)CG4000SEM记录自上向下的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像。用在15kV加速电压和250K放大率下操作的日立S-4800FE-SEM记录横截面SEM图像。基于在抗蚀剂图案处理之前和之后的晶片的SEM图像测定临界尺寸(CD)。测量值包括接触孔直径或线纹和空间图案的线宽。基于180个接触孔的CD标准差确定CD均匀性(CDU)。结果概述在表4中。
表4
对于接触孔和线纹和空间图案,抗蚀剂图案处理引起抗蚀剂图案尺寸的呈接触孔直径减少和线宽增加形式的生长。此外,基于视觉观察和CD均匀性,接触孔圆度得到改进。
BARC蚀刻和评估
实例10-接触孔蚀刻:
使用Plasma-ThermLLC790+RIE工具将进行和不进行用RPT-1的图案处理的接触孔图案化晶片经O2等离子体蚀刻(25sccm,100W,6mT)30秒和60秒。如上文所描述记录蚀刻前和蚀刻后晶片的横截面SEM图像。基于SEM图像的视觉观察,图案处理组合物RPT-1赋予抗蚀剂图案极好耐蚀刻性,允许图案以良好选择性直接转移到厚有机BARC层中。相反,不进行图案处理的抗蚀剂图案展示显著抗蚀剂图案侵蚀,导致图案以低选择性不佳转移到BARC层中。
实例11-线纹和空间蚀刻:
使用Plasma-ThermLLC790+RIE工具将进行和不进行用RPT-2或RPT-3的图案处理的线纹和空间图案化晶片经O2等离子体蚀刻(25sccm,100W,6mT)40秒。如上文所描述记录SEM图像,并且基于蚀刻前和蚀刻后晶片的SEM图像针对RPT-2测定CD。CD测量结果概述在表5中。
表5
图案处理组合物RPT-2(基于蚀刻前和蚀刻后图案处理晶片的CD测量值和SEM图像的视觉观察)和组合物RPT-3(基于SEM图像的视觉观察)赋予抗蚀剂图案极好耐蚀刻性,允许图案以良好选择性直接转移到厚有机BARC层中。相反,不进行图案处理的抗蚀剂图案展示显著抗蚀剂图案侵蚀,导致图案以低选择性不佳转移到BARC层中。
Claims (10)
1.一种光刻方法,其包含:
(a)提供包含待蚀刻的有机层的半导体衬底;
(b)将光致抗蚀剂组合物层直接涂覆在所述有机层上,其中所述光致抗蚀剂组合物包含:包含酸可裂解离去基的树脂,其裂解形成酸基和/或醇基;光酸产生剂;以及溶剂;
(c)使所述光致抗蚀剂层经由图案化光掩模曝露于活化辐射;
(d)加热所述光致抗蚀剂层,其中由所述酸产生剂产生的酸引起所述酸可裂解离去基的裂解,从而形成所述酸基和/或所述醇基;
(e)将所述曝露的光致抗蚀剂组合物层用有机溶剂显影剂显影以形成包含所述酸基和/或所述醇基的负型抗蚀剂图案;
(f)在所述抗蚀剂图案上方涂覆含硅组合物,其中所述组合物包含含硅聚合物和溶剂并且不含交联剂;
(g)从所述衬底冲洗残余含硅组合物,将所述含硅聚合物的一部分留在所述抗蚀剂图案的表面上;以及
(h)选择性蚀刻所述有机层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光刻方法,其中所述有机层是底部抗反射涂层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的光刻方法,其中所述含硅聚合物包含由包含侧接硅原子的乙烯基芳香族单体形成的单元。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的光刻方法,其中所述含硅聚合物包含由包含侧接硅原子的(烷基)丙烯酸酯单体形成的单元。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的光刻方法,其中所述含硅聚合物包含聚硅氧烷。
6.根据权利要求1到5中任一权利要求所述的光刻方法,其中所述含硅聚合物包含含有有效地与所述抗蚀剂图案的表面处的所述酸基和/或所述醇基形成一键的氢受体的基团。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光刻方法,其中所述含有所述氢受体基的基团是含氮基团。
8.根据权利要求1到7中任一权利要求所述的光刻方法,其中所述含硅聚合物具有按所述聚合物计,大于15wt%的硅含量。
9.根据权利要求1到8中任一权利要求所述的光刻方法,其中所述聚合物包含具有第一嵌段和第二嵌段的嵌段聚合物。
10.根据权利要求1到9中任一权利要求所述的光刻方法,其中所述第二嵌段的Tg比所述抗蚀剂图案的回流温度低。
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