CN105731848B - 吸音材料颗粒的制备方法和吸音材料颗粒 - Google Patents

吸音材料颗粒的制备方法和吸音材料颗粒 Download PDF

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CN105731848B
CN105731848B CN201610061508.1A CN201610061508A CN105731848B CN 105731848 B CN105731848 B CN 105731848B CN 201610061508 A CN201610061508 A CN 201610061508A CN 105731848 B CN105731848 B CN 105731848B
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曹晓东
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种吸音材料颗粒的制备方法和吸音材料颗粒。该吸音材料颗粒的制备方法包括:将吸音原料与溶剂混合制成吸音浆料;将所述吸音浆料填入机械压模中,对所述吸音浆料进行压制成型加工,形成颗粒成形体;对所述颗粒成形体进行水热晶化反应,使所述颗粒成形体中的吸音原料结晶;对所述颗粒成形体进行干燥处理,生成吸音材料颗粒。

Description

吸音材料颗粒的制备方法和吸音材料颗粒
技术领域
本发明属于材料加工技术领域,具体地,涉及一种吸音材料颗粒的制备方法和吸音材料颗粒。
背景技术
近年,随着穿戴式电子产品的日益轻薄化,传统发泡吸音材料已不能满足微型扬声器行业的声学性能调试校正需求,本领域技术人员不断开发、尝试新型吸音材料,经过验证后发现,在扬声器装置后腔中放置多孔性吸音材料可以有效的改善其声学性能,目前应用效果较好的该类新型吸音材料包括天然沸石、活性炭、白炭黑、硅铝比200以上的沸石粉等非发泡吸音材料。在应用过程中,需先将以上粉末态非发泡吸音材料制备成颗粒,后将吸音材料颗粒填充到扬声器后腔中。
但是,在现有的制备工艺中,通常采用的制粒方式制成的吸音材料颗粒存在缺陷。例如,采用挤压法、沸腾制粒法、滚动成球法制得的颗粒强度相对较差,表面不光滑且颗粒大小不均,物理结构和性能受到了一定的限制,主要孔容和孔径小;喷雾干燥法成型的颗粒比较小,而且粒径分布不均;采用油柱成型法制备吸音材料颗粒需要经过均匀制浆之后再凝结成颗粒,所以需要在浆料中添加粘接剂或促凝剂使浆料凝固。但是在粘接剂或促凝剂的作用下制成的吸音材料颗粒往往较密实,颗粒内空洞结构较少。以上种种原因,大大降低了沸石类吸音材料的传质效率和吸音效果。
所以,本发明的发明人认为,有必要对吸音材料颗粒的制备方法进行改进,以提高吸音材料颗粒的性能。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种制备吸音材料颗粒的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种吸音材料颗粒的制备方法,其中包括:
将吸音原料与溶剂混合制成吸音浆料;
将所述吸音浆料填入机械压模中,对所述吸音浆料进行压制成型加工,形成颗粒成形体;
对所述颗粒成形体进行水热晶化反应,使所述颗粒成形体中的吸音原料结晶;
对所述颗粒成形体进行干燥处理,生成吸音材料颗粒。
优选地,所述吸音原料在吸音浆料中的质量比例范围为35%-75%。
优选地,所述颗粒成形体的直径范围为0.05-1.0mm。
优选地,所述水热晶化反应在水热装置中进行,所述水热装置中具有反应剂,所述反应剂中包括模板剂。更优地,所述模板剂的纯度大于95%,所述模板剂在反应剂中的质量比例范围为1%-35%。
可选地,所述干燥处理的温度范围在40-150摄氏度,干燥处理的气氛包括氮气。
特别地,所述方法还包括对所述吸音材料颗粒或颗粒成形体进行焙烧处理,所述焙烧处理的温度范围为120-850摄氏度,焙烧的升温速率的范围为20-120℃/h,焙烧的时间范围为0.5-96h。更优地,焙烧处理的炉气气氛中氧气的含量为0.1%-21%。
本发明还提供了一种吸音材料颗粒,所述吸音材料颗粒的粒径尺寸范围为0.05-1.0mm,比表面积的范围为250-850m2/g,孔体积的范围为0.2-2.0ml/g,堆积密度的范围为0.25-0.95g/ml。
优选地,所述吸音材料颗粒中孔径在0.5-45微米的微孔孔体积占吸音材料颗粒孔容总量的10%-85%。
本发明的发明人发现,在现有技术中,虽然吸音材料颗粒的制备方法都存在一定缺陷,但是,这些制备方法制得的吸音材料颗粒也在不同的方面具有较好的性能,例如,一种制备方法制得的吸音材料颗粒吸音效果更好,而另一种制备方法制得的吸音材料颗粒具有相对更好的机械强度。所以,本领域技术人员并未考虑改进吸音材料颗粒的制备方法,而是会根据所需的吸音材料颗粒的性能选择不同的制备方法。因此,本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的,而且,使用机械压模对吸音原料进行加工成型是本技术领域中不曾使用的方法,故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述,本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例,并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明具体实施例提供的吸音材料颗粒制备方法的步骤框图;
图2是本发明具体实施例提供的机械压模的结构示意图;
图3是本发明具体实施例制备的颗粒成形体示意图;
图4是本发明具体实施例提供的水热装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到:除非另外具体说明,否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的,决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论,但在适当情况下,所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中,任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的,而不是作为限制。因此,示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到:相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项,因此,一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义,则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明提供了一种新的制备吸音材料颗粒的方法,该方法通过机械压制的方法将吸音材料的原料加工成吸音材料颗粒。吸音原料为能够提供铝源和硅源的晶态粉体材料,通常可以选用硅铝酸盐粉体,例如沸石类材料的粉末。如图1所示,首先,将所述吸音原料与溶剂混合,从而形成吸音浆料。为了便于对吸音浆料进行压制成型,所以,所述吸音浆料的浓度和粘稠度通常不会过低。但是,本发明并不对所述吸音浆料的粘稠度进行,在本发明一些特殊的实施方式中,浓度较低的吸音浆料也能够通过对压制成型加工的条件进行控制实现成型。第二,将所述吸音浆料填充到机械压模1中,机械压模1对其中的吸音浆料进行压制成型加工,从而制成颗粒成形体2。如图2所示,所述机械压模1可以具有多个凹模11,所述凹模11用于容纳吸音浆料,与所述凹模11相对的,所述机械压模1还具有凸模,当所述机械压模1压合时,所述凸模压入所述凹模11中将凹模11中的吸音浆料压实,使所述吸音原料形成湿润的颗粒成形体2,如图3所示。本发明并不对所述机械压模1的结构以及凹模的大小进行限制,本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况对所述机械压模1的结构进行设计,并选择所述凹模11的大小。第三,如图4所示,将制备的颗粒成形体2放入水热装置3中,以进行水热晶化反应。水热晶化反应能够使颗粒成形体2中的吸音原料结晶,在其内部生成微孔结构。经过水热晶化反应之后,对所述颗粒成形体2进行干燥处理,除去颗粒内部的水分,生成最终的吸音材料颗粒。通过本发明提供的机械压制成型的方法制备的吸音材料颗粒具有球形度高、表面光洁的特点,并且,由于经过机械压模1的压制成型,所以吸音材料颗粒的粒径大小均匀一致。通过控制压制成型加工的压力以及机械压模1的尺寸,可以对吸音材料颗粒的密实程度进行控制,防止出现颗粒过于密实,孔道结构不足的情况。
优选地,所述吸音原料在所述吸音浆料中的质量比例范围为35%-75%,本领域技术人员可以根据实际对吸音材料颗粒的性能要求,在上述范围内选择吸音原料在吸音浆料中的质量比例。对于吸音原料的质量比例不同的吸音浆料,可以通过对压制成型加工的温度、碱度等条件进行控制,从而生成颗粒成形体。
优选地,在本发明的具体实施例中,所述吸音浆料中可以掺入助剂,助剂包括促凝剂、消泡剂、均匀剂等制剂,所述助剂用于使吸音原料与溶剂充分混合,得到均匀的、具有一定粘稠度的吸音浆料。更优地,所述助剂占吸音浆料的质量比例应在0.02-10%的范围之内,如果助剂的用量过大也会影响制成的吸音材料颗粒的吸音性能。本发明并不对助剂的种类进行限制,本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况,在吸音浆料中掺入不同种类的助剂。例如,当吸音原料与溶剂的混合过程易产生泡沫时,可以在吸音浆料中掺入消泡剂,用于消除泡沫。本发明还可以采用其它方式提高吸音浆料的均匀性,例如,可以采用定量滴加、雾化加入的方法将溶剂与所述吸音原料混合,从而形成均匀的吸音浆料。
为了使制备的吸音材料颗粒能够适用于各种尺寸、结构的扬声器结构,所述吸音材料颗粒的粒径尺寸需要与扬声器结构相匹配。优选地,在本发明的实施例中,可以对如图2所示的机械压模1的凹模11、凸模的尺寸进行调整,使生成的如图3所示的颗粒成形体2的粒径尺寸在0.05-1.0mm范围内。在这个尺寸范围内,最终生成的吸音材料颗粒可以适应大部分微型扬声器以及普通扬声器的声学性能要求。当然,本发明并不限制对颗粒成形体、吸音材料颗粒的粒径进行严格的限制,本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况进行调整。
所述水热晶化反应的步骤通常在一定温度下进行,为达到这些反应条件,所述水热晶化反应步骤可以在水热装置3中完成。例如,在本发明的一种实施例中,如图3所示,可以将制成的颗粒成形体放置在托架31上,再将托架31放置到水热装置3内部,水热装置3内部还具有用于提供湿润条件的反应剂。在水热装置中便于对温度、反应条件等参数进行控制。进一步地,为了使吸音原料在结晶过程中能够产生分布均匀、孔体积足量的微孔结构,所述反应剂可以包括模板剂,所述模板剂用于促进吸音原料的结晶过程产生微孔结构。优选地,所述模板剂的纯度高于95%,模板剂在反应剂中的质量比例在1%-35%的范围内。这样,能够使生成的颗粒成形体中的吸音原料产生稳定、丰富的孔道结构。
进一步地,所述干燥处理步骤用于除去颗粒成形体中的水分,生成结构稳定、干燥的吸音材料颗粒。特别地,在所述干燥过程中,可以使用惰性气体作为介质,防止颗粒成形体2的微观结构中的极性缺陷点与空气中的活性分子发生反应。所述惰性气体可以是氮气。另外,可以适当提高干燥处理的环境温度。可选地,可以将所述颗粒成形体2置于惰性气体中,所述惰性气体的温度在40-150摄氏度之间。这样可以更有效地将颗粒成形体2中的反应剂、溶剂排出。本领域技术人员可以根据实际应用于扬声器结构的情况,以及吸音材料颗粒的声学性能调整干燥过程中的参数,对应设置特定温度曲线和干燥介质。
由于所述干燥处理步骤的温度较低、时间较短,所以无法将吸音材料颗粒中分子间的水分子排出。虽然经过干燥处理的吸音材料颗粒已经可以投入使用,但是并不能完全发挥吸音性能。所以更优的,可以对经过水热晶化反应的颗粒成形体2或者经过干燥处理的吸音材料颗粒进行焙烧处理。所述焙烧处理的温度范围为120-850摄氏度之间,焙烧的时间在0.5-96小时之间都是允许的。在较高的温度下进行时间相对较长的焙烧处理,能够将吸音材料颗粒或颗粒成形体2中的液体分子、杂质排出,从而提高吸音材料颗粒的声学性能。特别地,焙烧处理的升温速率不能过快,否则会严重破坏吸音材料颗粒的微观孔道结构。通常,焙烧的升温速率范围为20-120℃/h,当焙烧温度选择适中,例如为350℃时,可以选择45℃/h的升温速率进行焙烧,焙烧时间为30小时。这样,基本可以将吸音材料颗粒中的液体分子去除,并将模板剂、助剂等杂质排出。更优地,焙烧处理的温度范围可以在280-550℃之间,焙烧时间则在20-65小时之间,而焙烧的升温速度则在25-65℃/h之间。本发明并不对焙烧时的温度、时间以及升温速度进行准确的限制,本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况对这些参数进行调整。本发明说明的较宽的温度、时间以及升温速率范围包含了一些特殊情况下可以采用的情况。
特别地,在焙烧处理的炉气气氛中,氧气的含量可以在0.1-21%之间。氧气能够与吸音材料颗粒或颗粒成形体2中的微孔结构中的杂质进行反应,使杂质从微孔结构中排出,活化微孔结构,增强吸音材料颗粒的空气通过能力。本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况对氧气的含量进行选择,或者也可以在焙烧炉气气氛中加入少量其他活性气氛,本发明不对此进行限制。
本发明通过机械压模1将吸音浆料压制成颗粒成形体2,从而能够得到表面光滑、球形度高、粒径尺寸均匀的吸音材料颗粒。而且,经过压制成型加工的吸音材料颗粒机械强度较高,不易出现起粉、跌落破损等情况。进一步地,本发明提供的方法中无需使用粘接剂或只需使用少量粘接剂,能够避免或减轻粘接剂对吸音材料颗粒的影响,有效加强了吸音材料颗粒的空气通过能力。
本发明还提供了一种吸音材料颗粒,该吸音材料颗粒通过本发明提供的方法制备得到。首先,吸音材料颗粒的粒径尺寸范围在0.05-1.0mm之间,在这个尺寸范围内的吸音材料颗粒能够适用于多种扬声器结构。所述吸音材料颗粒的比表面积的范围在250-850m2/g之间,优选地,比表面积的范围在250-550m2/g之间。特别地,微孔结构的孔体积应在0.2-2.0ml/g之间,吸音材料颗粒的孔体积在该范围内时,能够提供良好的吸音效果。更优地,微孔结构的孔体积可以在0.25-0.65ml/g之间。另外,吸音材料颗粒的堆积密度应在0.25-0.95g/ml之间,更优地,堆积密度可以在0.35-0.75g/ml之间。
特别地,在所述吸音材料颗粒中,主要起到吸音和通气作用的是孔径为0.5-45微米的微孔,所以,孔径在这个范围内的微孔孔体积需要达到一定数量,吸音材料颗粒才能够在扬声器的后腔中提供良好的吸音、通气效果。在本发明中,根据不同扬声器的结构、声学性能的不同,孔径为0.5-45微米的微孔孔体积占吸音材料颗粒孔容总量的10%-85%。本领域技术人员可以根据实际应用情况在上述范围内进行选择。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明,但是本领域的技术人员应该理解,以上例子仅是为了进行说明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解,可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种吸音材料颗粒的制备方法,包括:
将吸音原料与溶剂混合制成吸音浆料;
将所述吸音浆料填入机械压模中,对所述吸音浆料进行压制成型加工,形成颗粒成形体;
对所述颗粒成形体进行水热晶化反应,使所述颗粒成形体中的吸音原料结晶;
对所述颗粒成形体进行干燥处理,生成吸音材料颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述吸音原料在吸音浆料中的质量比例范围为35%-75%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述颗粒成形体的直径范围为0.05-1.0mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水热晶化反应在水热装置中进行,所述水热装置中具有反应剂,所述反应剂中包括模板剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模板剂的纯度大于95%,所述模板剂在反应剂中的质量比例范围为1%-35%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述干燥处理的温度范围在40-150摄氏度,干燥处理的气氛包括氮气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述吸音材料颗粒或颗粒成形体进行焙烧处理,所述焙烧处理的温度范围为120-850摄氏度,焙烧的升温速率的范围为20-120℃/h,焙烧的时间范围为0.5-96h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,焙烧处理的炉气气氛中氧气的含量为0.1%-21%。
9.一种吸音材料颗粒,其特征在于,所述吸音材料颗粒采用权利要求1-8任意之一所述的制备方法制备,所述吸音材料颗粒的粒径尺寸范围为0.05-1.0mm,比表面积的范围为250-850m2/g,孔体积的范围为0.2-2.0ml/g,堆积密度的范围为0.25-0.95g/ml。
10.根据权利要求9所述的吸音材料颗粒,其特征在于,所述吸音材料颗粒中孔径在0.5-45微米的微孔孔体积占吸音材料颗粒孔容总量的10%-85%。
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