CN105707082A - Application of pesticide compositions to preventing and treating wheat head blight - Google Patents

Application of pesticide compositions to preventing and treating wheat head blight Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105707082A
CN105707082A CN201610036748.6A CN201610036748A CN105707082A CN 105707082 A CN105707082 A CN 105707082A CN 201610036748 A CN201610036748 A CN 201610036748A CN 105707082 A CN105707082 A CN 105707082A
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wheat
difenoconazole
jingganmycin
pesticide
preventing
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CN105707082B (en
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周明国
王建新
段亚冰
蔡义强
李雁军
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to novel application of pesticide compositions to preventing and treating wheat head blight. The pesticide compositions comprise, by weight, 1-150 parts of validamycin and 1-50 parts of difenoconazole. The novel application has the vantages that obvious synergistic effects can be realized by the pesticide compositions for preventing and treating the wheat head blight, effects for preventing and treating fusarium head blight can be obviously improved, and the capacity of human in the aspect of preventing and controlling the fusarium head blight for triticeae crops can be improved; pollution level of DON toxin on grains can be obviously lowered, the pesticide application quantity, the cost, the environmental pollution and pesticide residues can be reduced, difenoconazole resistance of pathogenic fungi of wheat can be delayed, and the wheat head blight can be prevented and treated; the persistence of the validamycin can be prolonged, the pesticide application frequencies can be reduced, powdery mildew, rust diseases, leaf blight and sheath blight of the wheat also can be treated by the pesticide compositions, the pesticide application labor cost can be reduced, the service dosage of chemical pesticides can be reduced to a great extent, and the pesticide compositions are environmentally friendly.

Description

A kind of composition pesticide purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley
[technical field]
The invention belongs to technical field of pesticide.More particularly it relates to an the purposes that composition pesticide is in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, further relate to a kind of disinfectant use in agriculture in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, the double purposes controlled in banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight.
[background technology]
Semen Tritici aestivi and Fructus Hordei Vulgaris are most important frumentum raise crops in the world, are also one of the staple food crops of China.Cereal crops usually face the threat of the fungal diseases such as smut, head blight, powdery mildew, banded sclerotial blight, rust and leaf blight.All can there are these diseases at world's frumentum growing area, have a strong impact on the yield and quality of frumentum agricultural product, especially destructive production loss can not only be caused by the microbial gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley of reaping hook, and also can produce deoxynivalenol (Trichothecenes in the grain infected, and the toxin such as 6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-trans-1-undecenyl)-.beta.-resorcylic acid lactone (Zearalenon) DON), therefore the food qualities such as fermentation, wine brewing, the health of harm humans and animals are had a strong impact on.
Deoxynivalenol toxin, including DON, 3ADON and 15ADON toxin, all has acute and chronic toxicity to humans and animals.Wherein DON toxin is because of its stable chemical nature, is heated and does not decompose, and is infecting Wheat And Barley and the processed food thereof of gibberellic hypha and be widely present in the animal product of feedstuff with the sick paddy infecting gibberellic hypha.Known DON toxin causes that the cardinal symptom of person poultry poisoning has Nausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, brothers are numb, malaise, immunity degradation, severe patient is breathed as seen, the fluctuation of pulse, body temperature, blood pressure, and hemorrhage, miscarry, even result in death, and mankind's Kaschin-Beck disease (Kaschin-Beckdisease, KBD) can be caused and there is obvious fetal toxicity and teratogenesis, carcinogenesis.Due to the serious harm to human health of the DON toxin, in October, 1973 the World Food Programme of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO) are in the joint conference about food additive and pollutant that Geneva is held, determine to list fusarium toxin in the 5th in 16 problems of priority research, many countries also always using the preventing and treating of head blight as important research topic.
Meanwhile, the health organization of many international organizations and country has been formulated corresponding laws and regulations and has strictly been limited DON content of toxins in food.FAO specifies that the content of DON in grain is necessarily less than the DON content of toxins that 1mg/kg, WHO specify in grain and feedstuff and not can exceed that the standard of 1mg/kg and 5mg/kg respectively.European Union's food security standard requires DON content of toxins less than 0.75mg/kg in edible wheat grain, less than 0.5mg/kg in bread and other food.National Specification content of toxins of DON in edible Semen Tritici aestivi flour and Semen Maydis that China's Ministry of Public Health is formulated must not exceed 1mg/kg.
Gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley be one can by multiple Fusarium spp. or the bud-rot claiming Fusariumsp (Fusariumspp.) cause, Seedling is withered and fringe is rotten/the withered ascomycetes disease of fringe.Its cause of disease includes nearly 20 kinds such as Fusarium graminearum (F.graminearum), Asia Fusarium spp. (F.asiaticum), fusarium culmorum (F.culmorum), fusarium avenaceum (F.avenaceum), fusarium moniliforme (F.moniliforme), Fusarium nivale (F.nivale).The wheat scab of China's most area is caused by Fusarium graminearum (F.graminearum) and Asia Fusarium spp. (F.asiaticum) mixed population, wherein south Mai Qu is based on Asia Fusarium spp., and north Mai Qu is based on Fusarium graminearum.
Owing to not having so far it can be found that Fusarium spp. has cereal crops kind or the genetic resources of immunity or high resistance, antibacterial is used to become the only effective gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley Control Technology.Since the nearly century; people have carried out the antibacterial R&D work being largely used to the preventing and treating of wheat and barley fungal disease; successively develop the protective fungicides such as inorganic fungicide, organosulfureous fungicide and aromatic hydrocarbons; the selectivity antibacterial such as benzimidazole germicide, ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, cytochrome b inhibitor and the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors particularly developed after the sixties in 20th century; the popular harm making the important disease of many wheat crops is effectively controlled, such as cereal crops smut, powdery mildew, rust, leaf blight, eye spot etc..But, deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin produced due to Fusarium spp. (Fusariumspp.) has the function of virulence factor, increase the drug resistance effect to various sterilization agent, so that most antibacterial is not very good to the prevention effect of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.Therefore, how effectively to control cereal crops head blight, be the great social need of current Ensuring Food Safety and food safety.
The DON endotoxin contamination level of corn of falling ill depends on the infected pathogen bacterium amount of corn and thalline toxin biosynthesis ability.The present invention is directed to the situation that major antibacterial agent preventive effect is not very good, DON endotoxin contamination often exceeds edible safety criterion preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley outside Now Domestic, research also finds that Fusarium spp. exists two kinds of 'beta '-tubulin (β of benzimidazole germicide first1-and β2-) receptor, and the hereditary negative regulation mechanism of the antagonism property of medicine and drug sensitivity, it has been found that wherein form β2240 amino acids phenylalanine of-tubulin receptor are the main causes reducing drug sensitivity, 167 amino acids point mutation can cause that prevention effect lost by carbendazim, and thalline DON toxin synthesis capability, mycelia rate of propagation and pathogenecity are greatly enhanced, reduce the prevention effect of antibacterial；It addition, research also finds ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor (EBI) receptor-cytochrome P of Fusarium spp.450Monooxygenase, it is also possible to reduce the drug sensitivity to EBI by encoding gene process LAN and point mutation or develop immunity to drugs.Therefore, although although some antibacterial show significantly high activity at laboratory, but then need higher dosage at Field information, as every mu needs 40～50 grams of (600-750ga.i./hm of use2) benzimidazole germicide of effective above composition or 15～20 grams of (225-300ga.i./hm2) EBI of effective above composition, the gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley that could obtain about 70% controls effect.
Along with long-term a large amount of selectivity antibacterial using these mechanisms of action single, occurring in that Drug resistance in the pathogenic fungi colony of nature, result of use declines year by year.Inventor passes through the monitoring for resistance of nearly 30 years, finding that East China Fusarium spp. that the benzimidazole germicides such as carbendazim are developed immunity to drugs has formed dominant group, the benzimidazole germicide such as conventional carbendazim, thiophanate substantially loses the preventing and treating to gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and is worth.Simultaneously also as it is more than 5 times of sensitive strain that Drug resistance pathogenic bacteria produces the ability of DON toxin, the harm of Chinese gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and the risk of food safety are day by day increased the weight of.Peasant, in order to reduce production loss, often doubles to use the antibacterial such as carbendazim, has been further exacerbated by Drug resistance, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and food-safety problem.
For this, the present inventor, on the basis summing up prior art, by lot of experiments and analysis, completes the present invention finally.
[summary of the invention]
[solving the technical problem that]
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of composition pesticide purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.
It is a further object to provide a kind of disinfectant use in agriculture in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, the double purposes controlled in wheat crops banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, reduction corn DON endotoxin contamination.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of composition pesticide being made up of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.In described composition pesticide, the weight ratio of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 1～150:1～50.
The weight ratio of a preferred embodiment of the invention, described jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 5～65:3～25.
The weight ratio of the another kind of preferred implementation according to the present invention, described jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 10～20:6～15.
The invention still further relates to a kind of disinfectant use in agriculture containing described composition pesticide purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.It is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 0.1～90.0% and surplus by weight.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, it is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 10～75.0% and surplus by weight.
Another kind of preferred implementation according to the present invention, described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 20～60.0% by weight, and surplus is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide.
Another kind of preferred implementation according to the present invention, described disinfectant use in agriculture is suspending agent, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, wettable powder or water dispersion granule.
Another kind of preferred implementation according to the present invention, described carrier is that one or more are selected from water, attapulgite, Kaolin or precipitated calcium carbonate.
Another kind of preferred implementation according to the present invention, described auxiliary agent is selected from ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, NNO-1, NNO-7, xanthan gum, Polyethylene Glycol, glycerol, pulls open powder, sodium lauryl sulphate, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, ammonium sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene carboxylate, benzoic acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol.
Another kind of preferred implementation according to the present invention, described gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley is wheat scab and barley scab, the wheat crops bud-rot that caused by the Fusarium pathogenic fungi (Fusariumspp.) including carbendazim resistance Fusarium spp., Seedling is withered, fringe is rotten or withered fringe, and double controls wheat crops banded sclerotial blight, rust, powdery mildew and leaf blight.
The present invention is described in more detail below.
The present invention relates to a kind of composition pesticide being made up of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.In described composition pesticide, the weight ratio of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 1～150:1～50.
The Difenoconazole used in the present invention, also known as ether azoles, difenoconazole, its chemical structural formula is as follows:
It is a kind of triazole type ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, comprises cis and trans isomer, and the Difenoconazole that the present invention uses is the mixture of cis-isomer and transisomer, and the ratio of cis and transisomer is about 45:55.The cis and trans isomer of different proportion may be used to the present invention, and they are all within protection scope of the present invention.Fusarium spp. mycelial growth is had higher inhibitory activity by Difenoconazole, mainly through suppressing ergosterol biosynthesis, destroys fungal cell's membrane permeability and membrane structure, strong inhibition Fungal hyphal growth.This antibacterial is mainly used in preventing and treating pear scab (Venturiapiritna) in the world at present, alternaria leaf spot of apple (Alternariaalternaria), early blight of tomato (Alternariasolani), watermelon grafting (Mycosphaerllamelonis), pepper anthracnose (Colletotrichumcapsici), powdery mildew of strawberry (Sphaerothecaaphanis), bitter rot or anthracnose of grape (Colletortrichumgloeosporiodes), grapevine anthracnose (Sphacelomaampelium), the multiple diseases such as citrus scab (Sphacelomafawcettii).Seed treatment is carried out with the dosage of 15～60gai/100kg seed, wheat crops smut and covered smut (Ustilagospp.), bunt (Tilletiaspp.) and dwarf bunt of wheat (T.controversa) can be prevented and treated, but the preventing and treating of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley be there is no registration and is rarely reported.
The jingganmycin (valida) that the present invention uses, English common name Validamycin or jinggangmycin, its chemical structural formula is as follows:
Jingganmycin is a kind of actinomycetic secondary metabolites, containing the similar glycosaminoglycan glycoside derivant of A, B, C, D, E, F six kinds.Big quantity research shows both at home and abroad, and component A is the main active component of jingganmycin.Therefore, the jingganmycin related in the present invention is jinggangmycin A.
Jingganmycin shows Rhizoctonia fungus (Rhizoctoniaspp.) the top hyphal development in specificity interference basidiomycetes in vitro.Therefore, jingganmycin is since 20 century 70s are found, prevent and treat the plant disease that rhizoctonia causes always as agricultural antibiotic in specific manner, or become with the pesticide processing of preventing and treating other plant harmful organism that built agent is double controls rhizoctonia (Rhizoctoniaspp.) disease.These rhizoctonia diseases mainly include rice sheath blight disease, wheat sharp eyespot and other crop banded sclerotial blight or damping-off.In recent years, jingganmycin is found again to can be also used for preventing and treating the false smut that a kind of Fungi Imperfecti (Ustilaginoideavirens) being difficult to cultivate causes.
Show in vitro lower with Validamycin or jingganmycin and rhizoctonia is had specialization antibacterial activity; the Fusarium spp. causing head blight do not had antibacterial activity; therefore; people are always with rhizoctonia for object in decades; the selectivity mechanism of research jingganmycin, it has been found that valida/jingganmycin chaff pyrenomycetes inositol and Trehalose Metabolism, thus destroying the structure of cell wall; stop rhizoctonia to infect plant, there is good protective effect.Recent decades, this antibiotic was limited to for preventing and treating crops rhizoctonia disease always, especially rice sheath blight disease.
It is known that act on single specialization antibacterial very easily filter out Drug resistance pathogen, after extensive use, using value will be lost soon.The present inventor studies the rhizoctonia resistance risk to selectivity jingganmycin from the eighties in 20th century, find that jingganmycin is different from other any selectivity antibiotic and chemical bactericide that resistance risk is high, under laboratory and field condition, all cannot screen jingganmycin resistance rhizoctonia.Thus inferring, jingganmycin is except disturbing known inositol and trehalose biosynthesis, it is possible to there is also other special resistant effect mechanism.
The present inventor, on the basis of research Fusarium spp. DON toxin biosynthesis pathway and regulatory mechanism, has carried out the biosynthetic a large amount of screening compounds of suppression DON toxin.In screening process, in fact it has surprisingly been found that jingganmycin is under certain treatment dosage, it is possible to the biochemical reaction in strong inhibition fusarium graminearum DON toxin biosynthesis early stage approach.Reduce the DON jingganmycin polluted and Difenoconazole composition for preventing and controlling gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley technology therefore it provides a kind of, become the free-revving engine of the present invention.
The present inventor has carried out jingganmycin/valida in the world first and has suppressed Fusarium spp. virulence factor DON synthesis, and screen at the synergistic formula of field control gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley with the mixture of other various antibacterial, creatively find that jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition for preventing and controlling wheat crops head blight have notable potentiation, reduce DON endotoxin contamination and the beneficial effect of Difenoconazole consumption is greatly reduced.
In composition pesticide of the present invention, if the amount of jingganmycin is within the scope of 1～150 weight portion, and the amount of Difenoconazole less than 1 weight portion time, then can reduce the prevention effect to head blight；When the amount of Difenoconazole is more than 50 weight portion, then can be inhibited to wheat growth.Therefore, the amount of Difenoconazole is 1～50 weight portion is rational.
Similarly, if the amount of Difenoconazole is within the scope of 1～50 weight portion, and the amount of jingganmycin less than 1 weight portion time, then can lose work in coordination with Difenoconazole prevent and treat head blight, reduce endotoxin contamination level potentiation；When the amount of jingganmycin is more than 150 weight portion, then can increase cost, reduce to work in coordination with Difenoconazole and prevent and treat head blight and reduce the potentiation of endotoxin contamination；Therefore, the amount of jingganmycin is 1～150 weight portion is appropriate.
Preferably, in described composition pesticide, the weight ratio of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 5～65:3～25.
It is highly preferred that in described composition pesticide, the weight ratio of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 10～20:6～15.
Jingganmycin and the Difenoconazole that the present invention uses is all product sold in the market, for instance Qianjiang Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Prov. sell 3%, 5%A, 20%, 40%A, 60%A validamycin powder agent and water preparation；60% difenoconazole water dispersible granule that Hailir Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. produces.
The invention still further relates to a kind of agricultural bactericidal agent formulation containing described composition pesticide purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley.It is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 0.1～90.0% and surplus by weight.
In the present invention, farm chemical carrier or auxiliary agent it should be understood that be used for improving medicament physicochemical property in Pesticide formulation or use, improve drug effect, it is simple to the auxiliary substance of the performances such as transport storage, for instance wetting agent, emulsifying agent, dispersant, sticker, stabilizer or synergist.According to the present invention, every have these performances and the disinfectant use in agriculture to the present invention does not have the chemical substance of any negative effect to may be used to the present invention, and they are all within protection scope of the present invention.
The carrier that the present invention uses is such as that one or more are selected from water, attapulgite, Kaolin or precipitated calcium carbonate.In addition, the present invention can also use other carrier normally used in the art meeting application claims.
The auxiliary agent that the present invention uses is selected from ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, NNO-1 (chemical name: naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product sodium salt), NNO-7 (chemical name: naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product calcium salt), xanthan gum, Polyethylene Glycol, glycerol, pull open powder, sodium lauryl sulphate, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, ammonium sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene carboxylate, benzoic acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol, organic silicon defoamer (polysiloxanes and silicones condensation substance, or polysiloxanes and copolyether).The auxiliary agent that the present invention uses is extensive product sold in the market, such as by Fei Huang Chemical Co., Ltd. of Xinyi City with trade name NNO-1, the diffusant that NNO-7 sells, pull open, with trade name, the sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate emulsifying that powder is sold by the emerging milky way Chemical Co., Ltd. in Hubei, diffusion and penetrating agent, the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene sold by Shanghai loyalty Fine Chemical Co., Ltd, the alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate sold by Guangzhou Xi Lu Chemical Co., Ltd., the polyoxyethylene carboxylate sold by Liangshan, Shandong Province Hong Tai epoxy soybean oil company limited, the carboxymethyl cellulose sold by Ma Shan auxiliary reagent factory, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, the organic silicon defoamer that defoamer company limited of Nanjing Huaxing sells.In addition, the present invention can also use other auxiliary agent normally used in the art meeting application claims.
In the present invention, in described disinfectant use in agriculture, when the amount of described composition pesticide is less than 0.1%, then can reduce protection effect, lose potentiation and increase cost；When the amount of described composition pesticide is more than 90.0%, then can reduce preparation physical and chemical quality, lose potentiation or reduce protection effect；Therefore, the amount of described composition pesticide is 0.1～90.0% is rational.
Preferably, it is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 10～75.0% and surplus by weight.
It is highly preferred that it is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 20～60.0% and surplus by weight.
In actual applications, it is possible to according to method well known to those skilled in the art, the bactericidal composition of the present invention and carrier and/or auxiliary agent are configured in the dosage form agriculturally generally adopted, for instance suspending agent, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, wettable powder or water dispersible granules.
When preparing suspending agent, it is possible to use carrier or auxiliary agent be such as chosen from the dispersant of alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, polycarboxylate or lignosulfonates；Wetting agent selected from alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, alkyl sulfate, alkylsulfonate or naphthalene sulfonate；Selected from xanthan gum, aluminium-magnesium silicate, bentonitic thickening agent；Preservative selected from benzoic acid or sodium benzoate；Silicone based defoamer；Antifreezing agent selected from glycerol, carbamide, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
When preparing aqueous emulsion, it is possible to use carrier or auxiliary agent be such as chosen from the emulsifying agent of Nongru-700, agriculture breast 2201, Span-60 or emulsifying agent T-60；Solvent selected from dimethylbenzene, toluene or Ketohexamethylene；Stabilizer selected from triphenyl phosphite or epoxychloropropane；Antifreezing agent selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol or carbamide；Thickening agent selected from aluminium-magnesium silicate, bentonite or xanthan gum；Preservative selected from benzoic acid or sodium benzoate.
When preparing microemulsion, it is possible to use carrier or auxiliary agent be such as chosen from the emulsifying agent of calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (agriculture breast 500), Nongru-700, agriculture breast 2201, this dish-60, tween 80 or TX-10；Cosolvent selected from methanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol or ethanol；Solvent selected from dimethylbenzene, toluene, Ketohexamethylene or N-Methyl pyrrolidone；Stabilizer selected from triphenyl phosphite or epoxychloropropane.
When preparing wettable powder, it is possible to use carrier or auxiliary agent be such as chosen from the dispersant of polycarboxylate, lignosulfonates or alkylnaphthalene sulfonate；Wetting agent selected from alkylsulfonate, alkyl sulfate or naphthalene sulfonate；Filler selected from precipitated calcium carbonate, Pulvis Talci, kieselguhr, Kaolin or attapulgite.
When preparing water dispersible granules, it is possible to use carrier or auxiliary agent be such as chosen from the dispersant of polycarboxylate, lignosulfonates or alkylnaphthalene sulfonate；Wetting agent selected from alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alcohol, alkylsulfonate or naphthalene sulfonate；Disintegrating agent selected from citric acid, ammonium sulfate, glucose, carbamide or sodium bicarbonate；Selected from corn starch, microcrystalline Cellulose class or Diatomite binder；Selected from precipitated calcium carbonate, meerschaum, kieselguhr, Kaolin, attapulgite or talcous filler.
Be described in detail its result of study separately below.
The reactive compound screening that I, suppression Fusarium spp. grow
The present invention adopts the conventional method of fungicide bioassay, jingganmycin and Difenoconazole are configured to 2mg/mL mother solution with aquesterilisa and methanol respectively, medicament carbendazim active compound is dissolved in 0.1M/L hydrochloric acid solution, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate is dissolved in methanol in comparison, makes 2mg/mL mother solution.When potato dextrose agar (PDA) is cooled to temperature about 45 DEG C, it is separately added into jingganmycin and Difenoconazole to design concentration (see table 1), it is subsequently poured into culture dish and makes the flat board that different agents processes, often process 3 wares to repeat, inoculation causes the common Fusarium graminearum Fusariumgraminearum of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and the mycelia block of the Asia wild sensitive strain of Fusarium spp. Fusariumasiaticum (being called for short sensitive strain) and carbendazim and 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain (abbreviation drug-fast strain), cultivate 4 days at temperature 25 DEG C, decussation method measures colony diameter, calculate different disposal and suppress the effectively middle dosage (EC of pathogen growth 50%50Value), and compare antibacterial activity.
Result of the test shows, the growth no matter jingganmycin is single dose or the both Fusarium spp. sensitive strains and drug-fast strain to causing head blight mixed with Difenoconazole under in vitro is substantially free of inhibitory activity, when only jingganmycin is up to 50 μ g/mL concentration, two kinds of Fusarium spp. growths are just had the inhibitory action of 6.5%～7.8%.But the sensitive strain of two kinds of Fusarium spp. and the mycelial growth of drug-fast strain are had similar strong inhibition effect by Difenoconazole, 0.025 μ g/mL Difenoconazole processes the inhibitory action to mycelial growth can more than 50%.Jingganmycin suppresses mycelial growth not have potentiation (table 1) in vitro p-phenylene's methyl cyclic-azole.
According to the wild sensitive strain of Asia Fusarium spp. and Fusarium graminearum and carbendazim and 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain growth inhibition ratio under Difenoconazole various dose processes, calculate that different drug sensitivity strain growths suppress by Difenoconazole effectively in dosage (EC50), found that the sensitivity similar of wild-type sensitive bacterial strain, carbendazim resistance bacterial strain, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain p-phenylene's methyl cyclic-azole, EC50Being 0.019～0.026 μ g/mL, result of the test is listed in table 2.
With medicament EC50For parameter, relatively different antibacterial suppress the activity of Fusarium spp. growth, it has been found that the activity of Difenoconazole is approximately carbendazim to sensitive strain activity (to two kinds of Fusarium spp. EC50Be 0.45 μ g/mL) 20 times, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate to sensitive strain activity (to two kinds of Fusarium spp. EC50Be 0.165 μ g/mL) 8 times.This result illustrates that Difenoconazole has the wild sensitive strain of strong inhibition and carbendazim and the activity of 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistance Fusarium spp. growth, is beneficial to and reduces the DON endotoxin contamination level infecting corn and prevent and treat Drug resistance disease.
Table 1: the impact that two kinds of Fusarium spp. sensitive strains are grown by jingganmycin and Difenoconazole in vitro
* F.g and F.a is the abbreviation of Fusariumgraminearum and Fusariumasiaticum respectively, lower same.
Table 2: the Difenoconazole growth inhibitory activity to two kinds of Fusarium spp. sensitivities and carbendazim and 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate resistant strain
II. the jingganmycin inhibitory activity to fusarium toxin biosynthesis ability
Owing to Fusarium graminearum is identical to the drug sensitivity of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole with Asia Fusarium spp., inventor selects the Asia Fusarium spp. Fusariumasiaticum that toxin synthesis capability (unit bacterium amount synthesis DON weight, μ gDON/g dry weight mycelia) the is stronger material synthesized as further research toxin.The carbendazim resistance Asia Fusarium spp. causing gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley is inoculated in 3% sweet mung bean soup of sterilizing, shakes training 10 days, centrifugal collection conidium for 25 DEG C and 12/24 hour under scattering light in temperature.By conidium by being finally 106/ mL is inoculated in potato sucrose (PS) culture fluid containing jingganmycin various dose and shakes training under scattering light for 25 DEG C and 12/24 hour in temperature, after 7 and 14 days, filter culture, content of toxins in detection culture fluid and measurement dry mycelial weight respectively, analyzes toxin synthesis capability (the toxin amount that unit weight mycelia produces).
Toxin determination method: culturing filtrate extracts 2 times with ethyl acetate equal-volume respectively, and vacuum distillation drying after combining extraction liquid, with 1mL acetonitrile solution transfer to new centrifuge tube, redistillation dries, and-20 DEG C of preservations are to be measured.100 μ LTMS derivatization reagent (TMSI:TMCS=100:1) are added during detection, 1mL ultra-pure water is added after mixing 10min, after concussion layering, Aspirate supernatant is added to GC sample injection bottle, carries out content of toxins detection by the gas chromatogram (GC-ECD) catching monitor equipped with electronics.With the DON reagent of Sigma for standard specimen, Criterion curve, calculate the DON content in culture fluid, including DON, 3ADON and 15ADON.Mycelia will be leached dry to constant weight at 80 DEG C simultaneously, weigh dry mycelial weight.Additionally, take the expression of mycelia detection toxin synthesis key gene Tri5 when shaking and training 7 days.
Finding that from experimental result (table 3) mycelium morphology factor of gibberellic hypha extends along with incubation time and increases, but shake training in the culture medium processed containing various dose jingganmycin, mycelium morphology factor and blank do not have significant change.Illustrate that the growth of the gibberellic hypha of liquid culture is not had inhibitory action by jingganmycin, consistent with the linear growth rate measurement result on PDA plate.But, find that the amount (μ gDON/g dry weight mycelia) of unit mycelia weight synthesis DON toxin then increases with jingganmycin treatment dosage and substantially reduces first.And the DON inhibitory action synthesized is extended with incubation time and declines by jingganmycin, especially low concentration process fall is bigger.Illustrate jingganmycin along with the prolongation of test period it may happen that degraded, thus reducing the biosynthetic inhibitory action of contratoxin.
According to toxin synthetic gene expression horizontal analysis when processing 7 days, although creatively finding that jingganmycin does not have harmful effect in the in vitro growth to Fusarium spp. and hypha form, but can express by strong inhibition DON toxin synthesis key gene tri5 under very reduction process dosage, reduce thalline toxin biosynthesis ability, reducing DON biosynthesis, its result of the test is listed in table 4.
Table 3: jingganmycin suppresses the effect of Fusarium spp. DON toxin synthesis capability
Table 4: the jingganmycin impact on Fusarium spp. DON synthetic gene Tri5 gene expression
III. jingganmycin is suppressed the potentiation of Fusarium spp. DON toxin biosynthesis ability by Difenoconazole
Difenoconazole processes the cell leakage that can destroy gibberellic hypha, it is suppressed that mycelial growth.When Difenoconazole processes with validamycin composition, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase pathogenic bacteria absorbing jingganmycin.Research contents II mensuration jingganmycin suppresses Fusarium spp. DON toxin biosynthetic while, determine jingganmycin when there is 0.025 μ g/mL Difenoconazole, inhibitory action to the DON toxin biosynthesis ability of Fusariumasiaticum when cultivating 7 days and 14 days, analyzes Difenoconazole and jingganmycin is suppressed the biosynthetic potentiation of DON toxin.DON detection method is identical with research contents II.
Known 0.025 μ g/ml Difenoconazole individual processing from research contents I and II, has the suppression ratio of about 50% to the mycelial growth of gibberellic hypha.As can be seen from Table 5, when 0.025 μ g/ml Difenoconazole processes 7 days and 14 days, the biosynthesis ability of fusarium toxin and the toxin synthesis capability of blank do not had significant inhibitory action, illustrate that Difenoconazole only has mycelial growth inhibitory activity, it does not have the inhibitory action of toxin synthesis capability.But when there is 0.025 μ g/ml Difenoconazole in each concentration for the treatment of of jingganmycin, the inhibitory action of DON toxin biosynthesis ability is increased substantially.And along with incubation time extends, the inhibitory action decrease speed of jingganmycin contratoxin synthesis capability is substantially less than the control treatment not having Difenoconazole, the potentiation and the prolongation that especially low concentration jingganmycin are processed become apparent from action time.Based on table 3 result tested simultaneously, calculating and exist under Difenoconazole 0.025 μ g/mL dose profile, suppress fusarium toxin biosynthetic potentiation when jingganmycin is processed 7 days and 14 days, the results are shown in Table 5.These results illustrate: (1) jingganmycin has the strong effect reducing Fusarium spp. DON toxin biosynthesis ability, and Difenoconazole does not then have this effect；(2) jingganmycin is suppressed fusarium toxin biosynthesis to have obvious potentiation by Difenoconazole, and reduces with jingganmycin treatment dosage, and potentiation strengthens；(3) Difenoconazole can extend the inhibitory action time that fusarium toxin is synthesized by jingganmycin, and potentiation strengthens with processing time lengthening.
Jingganmycin is suppressed by table 5:0.025 μ g/mL Difenoconazole
The potentiation of fusarium graminearum DON toxin synthesis
* coefficient of synergism computational methods: when there is 0.025 μ g/ml Difenoconazole, the suppression ratio of jingganmycin contratoxin synthesis synthesizes suppression ratio divided by the toxin of jingganmycin individual processing corresponding dosage, is multiplied by 100.
IV. jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent seed treatment prevent and treat effect and the potentiation of Wheat Seedling head blight and other diseases
According to jingganmycin and the weight ratio 1:1.5 of Difenoconazole, 10:1.5,100:1.5,1:1,10:1,100:1,2:1,20:1,200:1,5:1,50:1 and 500:1, prepare respectively content be 3% (1:1.5,1:1,2:1), 5% (10:1.5,10:1,5:1), 10% (50:1,100:1,20:1), 20% (100:1.5,200:1,500:1) composition suspending agent sample.Sample preparation methods is Difenoconazole and the former medicine of jingganmycin mixes according to above-mentioned weight ratio, add in the solution containing 40% water by weight, 8% ethylene glycol and mixed with propylene glycol solvent (volume ratio 1:1), 1.0%NNO-1 and 1.5%NNO-7 dispersant (production of Fei Huang Chemical Co., Ltd. of Xinyi City), 1% organic silicon defoamer, 0.5% xanthan gum sticker and 1% Polyethylene Glycol, finally it is supplemented to 100% with water, is crushed to the pharmacy particle diameter 5 μm of 90% through sand mill.
By the single dose consumption in every 100kg seed treatment mixture, the jingganmycin of design corresponding dosage and Difenoconazole single dose consumption (see table 6), after water being diluted sample with medicinal liquid 5 liters by 100 kilograms of seeds respectively prior to seeding, Dressing infects the wheat seed of fusarium graminearum.Every diameter 20cm basin alms bowl 25 seeds of sowing, each process repeats 10 basins, is placed in hot-house culture.Emerge latter 10 days and check emergence rates and death rate, calculate and gibberellic hypha is caused bud-rot and the withered prevention effect of Seedling.Retain 10 young plants that growing way is consistent simultaneously, and inoculation contains the wheat bran medium of rhizoctonia cerealis (Rhizoctoniacerealis) in substrate, with to blade inoculation Powdery Mildew and leaf rust spore, inoculate latter 14 days and respectively process investigation 100 strain wheat seedlings, calculate strain sickness rate and the prevention effect of banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew and rust.Simultaneously according to single dose to the microbial bud-rot of head blight and the withered preventive effect of Seedling, by theoretical preventive effect (E=X+ (100-X) Y/100 of Abbott (1925) method calculation composition, wherein E is theoretical preventive effect, X is jingganmycin single dose preventive effect, Y is Difenoconazole single dose preventive effect) and coefficient of synergism (the actual preventive effect of compositions application is divided by theoretical preventive effect × 100), its result is in Table 6.
Table 6: jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent seed
Process effect and the potentiation of preventing and treating wheat diseases
* Abbott thinks that the actual preventive effect of compositions is potentiation (lower same) with the ratio of theoretical preventive effect more than 1 (or coefficient of synergism is more than 100).
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, jingganmycin and Difenoconazole compositions Dressing suffer from the wheat seed of head blight, it is possible not only to effectively to prevent and treat the microbial bud-rot of head blight and Seedling is withered, and test dose process scope in (10～1000gai jingganmycin and 7.5～60gai Difenoconazole/100kg seed) all to preventing and treating, the microbial Seedling of head blight is withered fabulous potentiation, coefficient of synergism is far longer than 100, and potentiation is extremely notable.Although banded sclerotial blight is had certain preventive effect by jingganmycin single dose, but powdery mildew and rust is substantially invalid；Difenoconazole single dose then to seedling stage head blight, banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew and rust all have favorable effect the obvious potentiation of performance mixed with jingganmycin.
V. jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent are prevented and treated the potentiation of wheat scab and reduce detoxifying function
According to jingganmycin and the weight ratio 1:50 of Difenoconazole, 1:20,1:3,1:2,1:1.5,1:1,2:1,5:1,5:1.5,50:3,10:1,10:1.5,50:2.5,50:1.5 and 50:1, prepare the composition suspending agent experiment sample of content 20% (1:50,1:20,1:3,1:2,1:1.5,1:1,2:1,5:1,5:1.5) and 40% (10:1,10:1.5,50:3,50:2.5,50:1.5,50:1) by weight respectively.Sample preparation methods is after Difenoconazole and the former medicine of jingganmycin mix according to above-mentioned weight ratio, add in the solution containing 5% ethylene glycol by weight and mixed with propylene glycol solvent (volume ratio 1:1), 2% glycerol, 1.0%NNO-1 dispersant, 1% organic silicon defoamer, 3% sodium lauryl sulphate and a small amount of water, finally it is supplemented to 100% with water, is crushed to the pharmacy particle diameter 5 μm of 90% through sand mill.
Design every mu of various dose using jingganmycin and Difenoconazole compositions, devise corresponding single dose according to the single dose consumption used in mixture simultaneously and process.In April, 2013 carries out the experiment sieving of field control head blight on farm, lake, Baima, Jiangsu Province, and wheat breed is Huaihe River wheat 22, at Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stage each medicament sample, water sprays process, and interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Each process repeats 3 communities, every plot area 50 square metres.Set every mu of use of 50% carbendazol wettable powder 80 grams to process as comparison medicament simultaneously.The correlation method that the antibacterial field control effectiveness test criterion industry standard issued according to the Ministry of Agriculture specifies, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab in milk stage, prevents and treats the actual effect of head blight according to each process, the potentiation of calculation composition.By theoretical preventive effect (E=X+ (100-X) Y/100 of Abbott (1925) method calculation composition, wherein E is theoretical preventive effect, X is jingganmycin single dose preventive effect, and Y is Difenoconazole single dose preventive effect) and coefficient of synergism (the actual preventive effect of compositions application is divided by theoretical preventive effect × 100).
Toxin determination method: respectively processing 5 sampling 200 wheat heads, indoor threshing in dough stage, after drying, 30 grams of wheat grain of randomization are pulverized.By Goswami and Kistler method, take 5 grams of flour and be placed in centrifuge tube, add the acetonitrile of 20mL: water (84:16) extracting solution, concussion 24 hours on shaking table after scroll machine mixing, 5000rpm is centrifuged 10min, takes supernatant 2mL dry-20 DEG C of preservations of N air-blowing in Eppendorf centrifuge tube.100 μ LTMS derivatization reagent (TMSI:TMCS=100:1) are added during detection, 1mL ultra-pure water is added after mixing 10min, after concussion layering, Aspirate supernatant is added to GC sample injection bottle, carries out content of toxins detection by the gas chromatogram (GC-ECD) catching monitor equipped with electronics.
Wheat grain infection dosage assay method: take and be placed in 50mL centrifuge tube in the flour 2g of Mycotoxin identification, add 20%CTAB pathogenic bacteria DNA extraction buffer, add 50 μ L E.C. 3.4.21.64s and 30 μ LRNA enzymes, fully mixing, 65 DEG C hatching 3 hours after, 10000rpm is centrifuged 10min, 20mL supernatant all goes in 50mL centrifuge tube, add equal-volume phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) acutely shakes, 10000rpmL is centrifuged 5min, takes supernatant 10mL and adds the 3molL of 1/10 cold volume-1Sodium acetate and the dehydrated alcohol of 2 times of volumes ,-20 DEG C precipitate 24 hours, and 10000rpm be centrifuged the ethanol elution 2 times of 10min, precipitate 20mL70%, adds 500 μ LTE solution and dissolve after drying ,-20 DEG C of these DNA profilings of preservation.Synthesize key gene Tri5 according to DON and design primer, adopt the DNA in real-time quantitative PCR amplification sample, and calculating Tri5DNA content in every gram of wheat samples (μ gDNA/g Semen Tritici aestivi), calculation composition respectively processes the inhibitory action to thalline toxin synthesis capability.Result is in Table 7.
Table 7: jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent are prevented and treated the potentiation of wheat scab and reduce the effect of DON endotoxin contamination
The present invention prevents and treats the compositions potentiation Field Screening of gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and result of the test shows, jingganmycin and Difenoconazole compositions sprayed to the pustulation period at the Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stage, when every mu of mixture using jingganmycin effective ingredient 1～150g and Difenoconazole effective ingredient 3～25 grams, not only all the preventing and treating of head blight is had notable potentiation (coefficient of synergism is more than 100).And after the application of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole compositions, the DON level of pollution reducing corn is had notable potentiation, it is possible to reduce DON content more than 85%, endotoxin contamination level is controlled the level of security below 1mgDON/kg corn.The pathogenic bacteria quantitative analysis results infecting wheat grain also being again showed that, jingganmycin has suppression thalline toxin synthesis capability, and Difenoconazole does not then have this effect simultaneously.Although head blight is had the preventive effect of 67.5% by carbendazim individual processing, but sitotoxin level of pollution still has 4.4mg/kg corn, only declines 58.5% than blank.
VI. jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent are prevented and treated the potentiation of wheat scab and reduce detoxifying function
The present invention adopts the test specimen preparation method of invention development test IV and V, devises the treatment dosage using compositions further, devises single dose according to the consumption of jingganmycin in compositions and Difenoconazole simultaneously and processes.Field test carried out on Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu in 2013.At No. 22 Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stages of Huaihe River wheat, water being sprayed process, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.Set 50% carbendazim suspending agent every mu 80mL as comparison chemicals treatment simultaneously.According to the correlation method that the Ministry of Agriculture specifies about antibacterial field control effectiveness test criterion industry standard, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight in milk stage, calculate disease index, prevention effect and above-mentioned Abbott (1925) method and calculate the potentiation to head blight preventing and treating, toxins checking method is identical with the method for the studies above V, (result is in Table 8).
Table 8: jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent preventing and treating wheat diseases and the effect reducing sitotoxin pollution
Above-mentioned mixture Field information result shows, jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent prevent and treat 1～100 gram of effective ingredient of wheat scab every mu jingganmycin, 3～25 grams of effective ingredient of Difenoconazole every mu use are not only to wheat scab, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust have fabulous prevention effect, it is much better than conventional carbendazim (experimental field carbendazim is showed drug-fast pathogenic bacteria in pathogenic bacterium colony after testing and account for 37.7%), and to including the microbial head blight of Drug resistance head blight, there is highly significant potentiation preventive and therapeutic effect, its result is similar with the field test results on farm, lake, Baima in the same year.Wherein not only little with the preventive effect difference of more high dose by the effect of 5～10 grams with jingganmycin 5～50 grams, Difenoconazole with every mu; can being controlled within safety range by DON endotoxin contamination, and dosage is few, cost is low; being beneficial to environmental conservation, benefit is better.It is especially noted that the corn mass of 1000 kernel that all antibacterial process is obviously higher than comparison, especially jingganmycin and Difenoconazole compositions-treated, mass of 1000 kernel increases by more than 10%, and production-increasing function is more significantly.
VII. jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composite wettable powder are prevented and treated the potentiation of barley scab and reduce the effect of endotoxin contamination
According to jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composition suspending agent in field control head blight and the double good result controlling other diseases, the present invention devises and is beneficial to decrement use pesticide and reduces the deal ratio of cost, is prepared for jingganmycin and the composite wettable powder of Difenoconazole different content.Its preparation method is: after mixing according to the former medicine weight ratio of Difenoconazole and jingganmycin, add by weight 30% attapulgite carrier, 1.0%NNO-1 dispersant, 3% pull open powder wetting agent, 2% dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate surfactant, last packing precipitated calcium carbonate, to 100%, is pulverized through sand mill and crosses 300 mesh sieves.Preparing content respectively is 20% (1:3,1:2,1:1.5,1:1) and the composite wettable powder sample of 60% (4:1,10:3,10:1).
By every mu with the single dose consumption in compositions, design the single dose process of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole and conventional many ketone wettable powder comparison medication simultaneously.Within 2014, at the Fructus Hordei Vulgaris flowering initial stage, water spraying process, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms.Each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, a situation arises to investigate barley scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight in milk stage, calculates disease index and and prevention effect.Simultaneously by Abbott (1925) method of research contents V, calculate the potentiation of mixture preventing and treating barley scab.Dough stage, often processes at 5 and takes each 150 fringes of the wheat head at random, takes back indoor threshing, detects and calculate wheat grain content of toxins by the method for research contents V.The impact of chemicals treatment dosage, preventive effect and potentiation and contratoxin content is in Table 9.
Table 9: jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composite wettable powder prevent and treat the effect of barley diseases
Compositions Field information shows, Difenoconazole single dose processes all has favorable effect to barley scab, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust, and jingganmycin single dose is except having relatively low preventive effect to head blight, and other diseases are substantially free of effect.But, when every mu of use contains the compositions of jingganmycin 3～50gai and Difenoconazole 3～20gai, the preventive effect of head blight, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust being increased substantially, prevention effect reaches more than 80%～90%, being better than the effect of the conventional many ketone of medicament of comparison, potentiation is notable.Especially with every mu with jingganmycin effective ingredient 5～50 grams, Difenoconazole with 5～20 grams, the consumption of Difenoconazole chemical bactericide can be greatly lowered, alleviate the ambient pressure of pesticide, reduce the endotoxin contamination of wheat grain.
VIII. jingganmycin and Difenoconazole wettable powder bucket mix preventing and treating wheat diseases and reduce the effect of endotoxin contamination
Adopt Zhejiang Tonglu Huifeng Bio-Chemical Co., Ltd. 64% jinggangmycin A soluble powder commercially and entrust 20% Difenoconazole wettable powder of south, Nanjing agriculture pesticide development in science and technology company limited processing.Use effective ingredient dosage according to the jingganmycin required for experimental design and Difenoconazole, weigh two kinds of medicaments respectively, after first half water being diluted jingganmycin, add Difenoconazole, stirring, add second half water, spray after mixing.Spraying first time medicine at the Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stage, interval sprays second time medicine, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms for 5 days.Testing and carry out on Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu Province in April, 2014, wheat breed Huaihe River wheat 33, each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.If many ketone suspending agent is comparison chemicals treatment.According to the correlation method of antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight in milk stage, calculates disease index and and prevention effect.Potentiation and Mycotoxin identification are identical with the studies above, and treatment dosage and preventive effect are in Table 10.
Table 10: jingganmycin and Difenoconazole wettable powder bucket mix the effect of preventing and treating wheat diseases
The studies above result shows, spray after jingganmycin single dose and the Difenoconazole single dose interim bucket when application is mixed, every mu with 3～100 grams of effective ingredient of jingganmycin, 3～15 grams of effective ingredient of Difenoconazole every mu use respectively to process the effect preventing and treating head blight and the mixture the prepared application effect on Wheat And Barley suitable, and wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight are also had obvious synergistic function, prevention effect is better than many ketone.Particularly wheat scab is had significant synergies, and similar with other sample results, show within the scope of test dose, with Difenoconazole decrease in dose, potentiation strengthens.Wherein, every mu uses 5～15 grams of effective ingredient of jingganmycin 5～50 grams and Difenoconazole all can reach to prevent and treat head blight and the double desired result controlling leaf blight, powdery mildew, rust and minimizing DON endotoxin contamination.
In a word, gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley described in the present invention is wheat scab and barley scab, the Fusarium pathogenic fungi (Fusariumspp.) including carbendazim resistance Fusarium spp. the wheat crops bud-rot that causes, Seedling is withered, fringe is rotten or withered fringe.
The studies above result shows, every mu uses the compositions containing 1～150 gram of jingganmycin and 1～25 gram of Difenoconazole effective ingredient, before Wheat Sowing, seed treatment (coating or seed dressing) is prevented and treated gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and is had notable potentiation, simultaneously also double controls powdery mildew of cereals, rust and banded sclerotial blight；Ear at Semen Tritici aestivi, water is sprayed by flowering to the pustulation period, the preventing and treating of Wheat And Barley head blight not only has potentiation, but also has reduction DON endotoxin contamination level, increase mass of 1000 kernel and the double effect controlling powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight.
[beneficial effect]
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with conventional sterilization agent, the microbicide compositions of the present invention has the advantage that 1, compared with application single dose, said composition is used for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley and has obvious potentiation, it is remarkably improved the effect preventing and treating head blight, improves the ability of mankind's prevention and control wheat crops head blight；2, the level of pollution of corn DON toxin can be significantly reduced；3, dosage can be reduced, reduce cost, reduce environmental pollution and pesticide residues；4, reduce antibacterial and select pressure, the Drug resistance of Wheat Pathogenic Fungi p-phenylene's methyl cyclic-azole can be delayed, and the gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley that carbendazim is developed immunity to drugs can be prevented and treated；5, there is the lasting period, minimizing times for spraying, double powdery mildew of cereals, rust, leaf blight and the banded sclerotial blight controlled that extend jingganmycin, the advantage reducing the recruitment cost of Pesticide use；6, jingganmycin is the non-pollution microbial source pesticide that selectivity is strong, mixed with Difenoconazole, considerably reduces the using dosage of chemical pesticide, environmentally friendly.
[detailed description of the invention]
The present invention will be better understood when by following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:42% jingganmycin and the preventing and treating wheat diseases test of Difenoconazole composition suspending agent
Test period and place: in April, 2015, Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu
Test material: Semen Tritici aestivi, kind: Huaihe River wheat No. 33.
Test method:
Sample preparation methods: Difenoconazole mixes according to weight ratio 1:20,1:6,5:16,5:2 and 6:1 with the former medicine of jingganmycin, according still further to the research V method that present specification describes, processing obtains the composition suspending agent test specimen of 42% different ratio.Every mu uses 25 milliliters, 50 milliliters, 100 milliliters composite preparations.The Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stage is watered and sprays, and interval sprays second time medicine, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms for 5 days.The corresponding dosage and the spray clear water that use wettable powder single dose are comparison simultaneously, and carbendazim is as comparison medicament, and each process is repeated 2 times, every plot area 100 square metres.
Correlation method according to antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, under in milk stage investigation wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight, a situation arises, calculate disease index and and prevention effect and the effect to the potentiation of head blight and contratoxin Environmental capacity, the results are shown in Table 11 for it.
Table 11:42% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole composition suspending agent
Above-mentioned Field information is it is shown that use 0.5～36g jingganmycin and 3～20 grams of Difenoconazoles to have good wheat diseases prevention effect.Preventing and treating the coefficient of synergism 111.4～135.6 of head blight, potentiation is notable.But, when every mu of 3～15 grams of jingganmycins of application and 6～20 grams of Difenoconazoles, significantly reducing endotoxin contamination level, potentiation is extremely obvious, prevents and treats the effect of head blight all more than 80%, and effectively double can control wheat powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight.And during 18～36 grams of jingganmycins, 16～20 grams of Difenoconazoles of every mu of application, controlling disease effect does not dramatically increase.These results are it is also shown that adopt 0.5～36 gram of jingganmycin and during 3～20 grams of Difenoconazole/mu, and the DON content of toxins in corn relatively compares decline more than 90%, and ratio is by jingganmycin or Difenoconazole individual processing, and attenuating effects is also extremely notable.
Embodiment 2:64% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole composite wettable powder
Test period and place: in April, 2015, the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences (Rugao)
Test material: Semen Tritici aestivi.Kind: raise wheat No. 4.
Test method: mix according to the former medicine weight ratio 1:1 of Difenoconazole and jingganmycin, the method studying VII described according to present specification prepares 64% wettable powder test specimen.Every mu of composite wettable powder using jingganmycin and Difenoconazole active constituent content 4～20 grams respectively.Raising No. 4 Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stages of wheat, water being sprayed, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 45 kilograms.Using 20% single dose wettable powder dosage in mixing uses and spray clear water is comparison, if the wettable powder of ketone more than 50% 60 grams/acre is comparison medicament.Each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight in milk stage, calculates disease index and and prevention effect.Randomization threshing before results, measures mass of 1000 kernel.Grain heavily increases percentage rate=(processing mass of 1000 kernel-comparison mass of 1000 kernel)/comparison mass of 1000 kernel × 100.Result is in Table 12.
Table 12:64% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole composite wettable powder
Above-mentioned Field information result shows, wheat scab, leaf blight, powdery mildew and rust are all had good prevention effect by each 4～20 grams of every mu of compositions effective content using jingganmycin and Difenoconazole 1:1 deal ratio, but to use jingganmycin and each 4～16 grams of effective ingredient best results of Difenoconazole.Compositions-treated can increase mass of 1000 kernel 12.4%～14.5%, and production-increasing function is obvious.
Embodiment 3:20% jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composite wettable powder preventing and treating wheat diseases and the effect reducing endotoxin contamination
Test period and place: in April, 2015, the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences (Rugao), test arrangement is in the identical field of example 2.
Test material: Semen Tritici aestivi.Kind: raise wheat No. 4.
Test method: after mixing according to the former medicine weight ratio 1:1 of Difenoconazole and jingganmycin, addition 10% kaolin support by weight, 2% sodium lignin sulfonate auxiliary agent, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 1% alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate and 2% polyvinyl alcohol, finally add precipitated calcium carbonate carrier to 100%, pulverize through sand mill and cross 300 mesh sieves.Prepare the composite wettable powder experiment sample that content is 20%.Every mu of composite wettable powder using jingganmycin and Difenoconazole active constituent content 20,15,6 grams respectively.Raising No. 4 Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stages of wheat, water being sprayed, interval sprays second time medicine for 5 days, every mu of injection flow rate 45 kilograms.Using 20% single dose wettable powder dosage in mixing uses and spray clear water is comparison, if the wettable powder of ketone more than 50% 60 grams/acre is comparison medicament.Each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight in milk stage, calculates disease index and and prevention effect.Randomization threshing before results, measures mass of 1000 kernel.Grain heavily increases percentage rate=(processing mass of 1000 kernel-comparison mass of 1000 kernel)/comparison mass of 1000 kernel × 100.Result of the test is listed in table 13.
Table 13:20% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole composite wettable powder
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, jingganmycin is notable with the potentiation of Difenoconazole composition for preventing and controlling head blight and production-increasing function.This effect is relevant with using dosage, and does not have significance relation with content and the auxiliary agent of process preparation.
Embodiment 4:30% jingganmycin and Difenoconazole compositions water dispersible granules preventing and treating wheat diseases and the effect reducing endotoxin contamination
Test period and place: in April, 2015, farm, lake, Baima, Jiangsu
Test material: Semen Tritici aestivi.Kind: China wheat No. 4.
Test method: obtain the compositions water dispersible granules of 30% according to jingganmycin and Difenoconazole weight ratio 5:1 processing.Its processing method is as follows: 39.1 weight portion 64% jingganmycins (effective ingredient 25 parts), 5.2 weight portion 96.2% difenoconazole technical materials (effective ingredient 5 parts), 30 parts sulfuric acid ammoniums, 17.2 weight portion precipitated calcium carbonates, 2.5 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, 2.5 parts of dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate and 3.5 parts of polyoxyethylene carboxylates, pulverize, sieve, pelletize.
400,200,100,60 grams of composite preparations of every mu of use, sprayed water at the Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stage, and interval sprays second time medicine, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms for 5 days.Using 20% single dose wettable powder 100 grams/acre, 50% carbendazim WP 80 grams/acre and spray clear water is comparison, and each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight in milk stage, calculates disease index and and prevention effect.Result of the test is listed in table 14.
Table 14:30% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole compositions water dispersible granules
Above-mentioned Field information effect shows, every mu sprays by 18～120 grams of effective ingredient of 5 parts of jingganmycins and the compositions water dispersible granules of 1 part of Difenoconazole, wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight all there are is good prevention effect, is significantly higher than carbendazim conventional at present.Especially, when spraying compositions effective ingredient 18～60 grams for every mu, cost performance is best.
Embodiment 5:32% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole compositions aqueous emulsion
Test period and place: in April, 2015, farm, lake, Baima, Jiangsu
Test material: Semen Tritici aestivi.Kind: China wheat No. 4.
Test method: 32% compositions method for producing aqueous emulsion is as follows: former medicine Difenoconazole is made suspending agent, adds ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer nonionic emulsifier and stirs into homogeneous oil phase；Additionally jingganmycin aqueous solution, ethylene glycol antifreeze and 1% benzoic acid are mixed into aqueous phase.Under high velocity agitation described aqueous phase is gradually added in above-mentioned oil phase, prepares the oil-in-water type aqueous emulsion of 32% jingganmycin and Difenoconazole 1:3.
Water, by compositions aqueous emulsion 100,50,25,12.5 ml of formulation, is sprayed by every mu at the Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stage, and interval sprays second time medicine, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms for 5 days.Using 20% single dose wettable powder 100 grams/acre, 50% carbendazim WP 80 grams/acre and spray clear water is comparison, and each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight in milk stage, calculates disease index and and prevention effect.Result of the test is listed in table 15.
Table 15:32% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole compositions aqueous emulsion
Above-mentioned Field information result shows, every mu uses jingganmycin and 8～32 grams of prevention effects to wheat scab, powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight of Difenoconazole compositions effective ingredient to be significantly higher than carbendazim, and every mu uses compositions effective ingredient 4 grams these wheat diseases of preventing and treating also to have certain effect.
Embodiment 6:45% jingganmycin and Difenoconazole composite wettable powder preventing and treating wheat diseases and the effect reducing endotoxin contamination
Test period and place: in April, 2015, the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences (Rugao)
Test material: Semen Tritici aestivi.Kind: raise wheat No. 4.
Test method: the method studying VII described according to present specification prepares jingganmycin and the 45% wettable powder test specimen that Difenoconazole weight ratio is 2:1, entrusts the institute of agricultural sciences of the area along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province to carry out field test.Every mu uses 50,40,30 and 20 grams of composite wettable powder preparations respectively.At the Semen Tritici aestivi flowering initial stage, water being sprayed, interval sprays second time medicine, every mu of injection flow rate 50 kilograms for 5 days.Adopting 20% jingganmycin and Difenoconazole single dose wettable powder, compare chemicals treatment by the single dose used in mixture and 40 grams of carbendazim effective ingredient, and to spray clear water be blank, each process is repeated 3 times, every plot area 50 square metres.According to the correlation method of antibacterial field control effectiveness test principle states, a situation arises to investigate wheat scab and powdery mildew in milk stage, calculates disease index and and prevention effect.
Respectively process 5 sampling totally 200 fringes during results, after threshing, sample is sent Agricultural University Of Nanjing's detection content of toxins.Toxins checking method is described above.Result of the test is listed in table 16.
Table 16:45% jingganmycin prevents and treats the effect of wheat diseases with Difenoconazole composite wettable powder
Can be seen that from the experimental result of above-mentioned Field information embodiment 1～6, based on finding that jingganmycin can suppress the gibberellic hypha virulence factor biosynthetic effect of DON toxin, adopt jingganmycin and Difenoconazole compositions-treated wheat seeds and spray in field, the preventing and treating of wheat scab is had significant synergistic function.Meanwhile, wheat crops powdery mildew, rust, leaf blight and banded sclerotial blight also there is desirable prevention effect.In addition, inventor adopts jingganmycin that some of them combine and Difenoconazole compositions to carry out 3 years experiment and demonstrations on the Along The Yangtze River In Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences, Xin Yang farm, Jiangsu and farm, lake, Baima and other places, all it is demonstrated by Wheat And Barley head blight is had fine preventive effect, and effectively double controls powdery mildew, leaf blight and rust.The present invention not only solves the fusarium graminearum that China faces at present and is difficult to the great difficult problem of prevention and control because of carbendazim resistance, and can overcome the food-safety problem that DON endotoxin contamination Semen Tritici aestivi causes.Compared with antibacterial conventional in prior art, the jingganmycin of the present invention and Difenoconazole compositions, the pollution to corn of the Fusarium spp. DON toxin can be substantially reduced, also as have synergistic function, chemical pesticide consumption and drug cost can be greatly reduced, and for reducing environmental pollution, improvement Drug resistance wheat and barley fungal disease, ensuring food safety has good application prospect.

Claims (10)

1. composition pesticide be made up of jingganmycin and the Difenoconazole purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, it is characterised in that the weight ratio of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 1～150:1～50.
2. purposes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight ratio of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 5～65:3～25.
3. purposes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight ratio of jingganmycin and Difenoconazole is 10～20:6～15.
4. the purposes in preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley of the disinfectant use in agriculture containing composition pesticide described in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 0.1～90.0% and surplus by weight.
5. purposes according to claim 4, it is characterised in that it is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 10～75.0% claim 1 and surplus by weight.
6. purposes according to claim 4, it is characterised in that it is acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary agent in pesticide that described disinfectant use in agriculture contains composition pesticide described in 20～60.0% claim 1 and surplus by weight.
7. the purposes described in claim any one of claim 4-6, it is characterised in that described disinfectant use in agriculture is suspending agent, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, wettable powder or water dispersion granule.
8. the purposes described in claim any one of claim 4-7, it is characterised in that described carrier is that one or more are selected from water, attapulgite, Kaolin or precipitated calcium carbonate.
9. the purposes described in claim any one of claim 4-8, it is characterised in that described auxiliary agent is selected from ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, NNO-1, NNO-7, xanthan gum, Polyethylene Glycol, glycerol, pulls open powder, sodium lauryl sulphate, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, ammonium sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylphenol-polyethenoxy base ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene carboxylate, benzoic acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol.
10. the purposes according to claim 1 or claim 4, it is characterized in that described gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley is wheat scab and barley scab, the Fusarium pathogenic fungi (Fusariumspp.) including carbendazim resistance Fusarium spp. the wheat crops bud-rot that causes, Seedling is withered, fringe is rotten or withered fringe.
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