CN105682697B - 去除α-半乳糖的方法 - Google Patents
去除α-半乳糖的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105682697B CN105682697B CN201480058533.3A CN201480058533A CN105682697B CN 105682697 B CN105682697 B CN 105682697B CN 201480058533 A CN201480058533 A CN 201480058533A CN 105682697 B CN105682697 B CN 105682697B
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Abstract
提供了以下组织产品,其缺乏所需百分比的免疫原表位,例如半乳糖α‑1,3半乳糖表位。还提供了制备和使用所述组织产品的方法。
Description
本申请根据35 USC§119要求2013年11月3日申请的美国临时申请案第61/899,647号的优先权,且该案是全文以引用方式并入。
本披露大体上涉及制备和使用缺乏一些或全部半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖表位的组织基质的方法。
使用各种组织源产品来修复、再生、治愈或以其他方式治疗患病或受损组织和器官。这些产品可包括完整组织移植物和/或部分或完全脱细胞组织。这些组织产品可从多种供体来源提供,包括从受体(即,自体移植物)、从相同物种的另一成员(即,同种异体移植物)或从不同物种(即,异种移植物)采集的组织。尽管自体移植物和同种异体移植物可降低因在供体组织中物种特异性蛋白质的表达所致的排斥的可能性,但那些供体来源在手术使用时可能不实用或不能提供足够材料。
因此,可寻找替代性异种移植物来源。异种移植的一个问题在于,供体可在组织中表达受体不表达的酶或其他蛋白质,从而提高排斥的可能性。例如,不表达酶UDP-半乳糖:β-D-半乳糖基-1,4-N-乙酰基-D-氨基葡糖苷α-1,3-半乳糖基-转移酶(“α-1,3半乳糖基转移酶”或“αGT”,其催化末端二糖半乳糖α-1,3半乳糖(“α-gal”)的形成)的动物(例如,人类或其他灵长类动物)对来自在组织移植物中的细胞表面上表达α-gal表位的动物(例如,猪或其他非灵长类哺乳动物)的异种移植物可展现增加的免疫反应和超急性排斥。
从组织产品消除α-gal表位可减小针对该组合物的免疫反应。U.加利尔(U.Galili)等人,生物化学杂志(J.Biol.Chem.)263:17755(1988)。因此,需要从计划用于植入不表达α-gal表位的受体(例如,人类)中的供体组织去除α-gal表位的方法。
因此,在各个实施例中,披露从脱细胞组织去除α-gal的方法。所述方法可包括选择至少一种含有半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分的含胶原组织基质;并且使所述至少一种组织基质与至少一种蛋白分解酶在足以从该组织去除半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分的条件下接触。
所述酶可包括阿尔卡拉酶(alcalase)、菠萝蛋白酶(bromelain)、分散酶或胰蛋白酶。且该方法可进一步包括实施分析以确定是否已从至少含胶原组织基质去除了半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分。
还提供使用这些方法产生的组织产品。另外,提供使用所述组织产品的治疗方法或通过所披露方法产生的组织产品。进一步提供酶处理的组织产品。组织产品可包括从野生型猪含胶原组织制备的无细胞组织基质,其中该含胶原组织已使用并非特异性针对半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分的蛋白酶进行酶处理以从组织去除基本上全部半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分。在一些实施例中,组织基质来自产生α-半乳糖的非灵长类动物,且组织基质已经进一步加工以从该含胶原组织基质基本上或完全去除α-半乳糖。
至少一种含胶原组织基质可含于细胞组织内,且该方法可进一步包括使该细胞组织脱细胞。在一些实施例中,组织基质被完全脱细胞;且组织基质可包含无细胞基质。
在一些实施例中,蛋白分解酶去除半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分且不损伤所述至少一种组织基质。
在一些实施例中,分析包括测量半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分的浓度。分析可包括组织化学分析或免疫分析。
蛋白酶可包括阿尔卡拉酶和胰蛋白酶中的至少一种,并且蛋白酶是以在约0.0001%到约0.1%范围内的浓度且在约0.5小时到约24小时范围内的时间段中使用。蛋白酶还可包括菠萝蛋白酶和分散酶中的至少一种,且蛋白酶是以在约10单位/升到约200单位/升范围内的浓度且在约1小时到约24小时范围内的时间段中使用。该方法可进一步包括使组织与α-半乳糖苷酶接触。
至少一种含胶原组织基质可包含来自以下中的至少一种的组织基质:骨骼、皮肤、脂肪组织、真皮、肠、膀胱、腱、韧带、肌肉、筋膜、脉管、神经、血管、肝、心脏、肺、肾和软骨组织。组织可从一种或多种不同动物或组织来源获得。至少一种含胶原组织基质可为猪组织基质,例如猪无细胞真皮组织基质。
该方法可进一步包括将一种或多种组织相容的活细胞添加到组织产品中,例如哺乳动物细胞,包括哺乳动物干细胞。
在一些实施例中,将至少一种选自以下的其他因子添加到组织产品中:消炎剂、止痛剂、细胞生长因子、血管生成因子、分化因子、细胞因子、激素和趋化因子。至少一种其他因子可由含于表达载体内的核酸序列编码,该表达载体可含于一种或多种组织相容的活细胞内。
该方法可进一步包括处理至少一种含胶原组织基质以降低生物负荷。处理至少一种含胶原组织基质以降低生物负荷可包括辐照组织产品。
附图说明
图1A-1H是黑白图,其图解说明根据实例1的方法,未处理猪无细胞真皮(未使用酶去除α-gal)和经菠萝蛋白酶、阿尔卡拉酶和胰蛋白酶处理的猪无细胞真皮样品的针对α-gal部分的免疫组织化学染色结果,所述样品各自经α-半乳糖苷酶处理及未经α-半乳糖苷酶处理。
图2图解说明保留在作为未处理对照的无细胞真皮基质和经各种酶处理的无细胞真皮基质中的α-gal百分比的抑制ELISA测量的结果。
实施方式
现在将详细地参考根据本披露的某些示例性实施例,这些实施例的某些实例展示于附图中。
在此使用的小节标题仅是为了编排的目的并且不应该被解释为对所述主题进行限制。在本申请中所引用的所有文件或文件的部分,包括但不局限于专利、专利申请、论文、书籍、和专著,都特此出于任何目的通过引用将其全部内容清楚地结合在此。如果以引用方式并入的出版物和专利或专利申请案与说明书中所含的发明内容相矛盾,那么说明书将取代任何矛盾内容。
在本申请中,除非另外明确说明,否则单数的使用包括复数。同样,除非另外说明,否则在本申请中,“或”的使用意指“和/或”。另外,术语“包括(including)”以及其他形式如“包括(includes)”和“包括(included)”的使用不具限制性。本文所述的任何范围都将理解为包括端点和端点之间的任何值。
本文披露通过去除一些或全部α-gal表位制备在人类或非人类灵长类动物中植入时具有降低免疫原性的组织产品的方法。可使用多种人类或其他动物组织和多种方法来制备所述组织产品。例如,组合物可通过以下方式来制备:选择猪组织;任选地使组织脱细胞以产生含胶原组织基质;和将组织暴露至在足以去除所需量的α-gal部分的时间段和浓度下的一种或多种蛋白酶,例如阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和/或分散酶。在一些实施例中,可在暴露至蛋白酶后测量和/或确认α-gal部分的去除。在某些实施例中,酶可包括并非α-半乳糖苷酶、即对α-半乳糖裂解无特异性的酶。
在各个实施例中,组织产品可包含完整组织、部分或完全脱细胞组织基质和/或已经一种或多种细胞接种的脱细胞组织。在一些实施例中,一些或全部α-gal表位的去除可通过以下方式来确认:例如,直接测量并比较经蛋白酶处理的组织产品样品表面上的α-gal浓度与未处理组织中的浓度。在一些实施例中,去除可通过比较经蛋白酶处理的组织中的免疫反应和/或炎症反应与未处理组织中的反应来确认。
如本文所用术语“组织基质”是指三维胶原和蛋白质结构,其形成形状和取向类似于在天然组织中发现的胶原和蛋白质网络的形状和取向的纤维网络。可从天然组织中去除细胞以提供无细胞组织基质。
根据各个实施例,可使用本文提供的材料和方法来制造组织产品,该组织产品是生物相容性植入体(例如,生物相容性组织移植物)。如本文所用“生物相容性”植入体是能支持天然细胞从周围组织迁移到经植入组织产品中并增殖和/或能在不诱导显著免疫反应的情况下植入的植入体。如本文所用术语“天然细胞”和“天然组织”意指在植入组织产品之前存于受体器官或组织中的细胞或组织,或在植入后由宿主动物产生的细胞或组织。生物相容性植入体可支持组织再生、修复、治愈或治疗所需的天然细胞活性,且可不诱发妨碍所述细胞活性的显著免疫反应。如本文所用“显著免疫反应”是妨碍部分或完全组织再生、修复、治愈或治疗的免疫反应。
在某些实施例中,根据本文所披露方法产生的组织产品可用于再生、修复、更换、治愈、增大、补充和/或治疗由于各种疾病和/或结构损伤(例如,来自创伤、手术、萎缩和/或长期磨损和变性)而受损或损失的天然组织。在某些实施例中,本披露组合物还可用于美容目的以修复或改变天然组织的外观或感觉。使用本文所论述方法制造的组织产品可具有降低的炎症反应或其他反应,且因此可降低植入体排斥(例如,由于针对组织产品上的异种表位(例如α-gal)的免疫反应所致)的可能性。例如,可使用基本上不含α-gal部分的组织产品作为组织移植物,由此降低针对移植物的排斥或炎症性免疫反应的风险。
α-1,3-半乳糖表位的去除
在各个实施例中,可在移植前通过将组织产品暴露至在足以去除所需量的α-gal表位的浓度和时间段下的蛋白酶(例如阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶或分散酶)从组织产品去除α-gal表位。在一些实施例中,蛋白酶是针对其去除α-gal同时将对组织的细胞外基质的损伤降至最低的能力来选择。在一些实施例中,使用本文方法在不损伤组织的细胞外基质的情况下去除α-gal。
在各个实施例中,酶、酶浓度和处理时间也经选择以控制其他机械或生物性质。例如,酶和处理条件可经选择以产生具有所需机械或生物性质的组织产品,如共同待决的美国申请第13/457,791号和第14/019,274号中所述。
在各个实施例中,可使用本文所披露的方法去除足够量的α-gal部分,使得组织产品在植入后不诱导显著免疫反应。在一些实施例中,可使用本文所披露的方法去除组织产品上的基本上全部α-gal表位(例如,至少约95%、96%、97%、98%、99%、99.5%、99.9%或99.99%或100%,或之间的任何百分比)。在一些实施例中,去除足够百分比的α-gal表位,使得组织产品在植入后,与对未处理组织的反应相比,炎症或免疫反应降低至少约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%(或之间的任何百分比)。在一些实施例中,去除足够百分比的α-gal表位,使得与对未处理组织的反应相比,组织产品的炎症或免疫反应降低至少约2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍或更多倍。
本文所披露的组织产品可包含来自动物(例如,猪或其他非灵长类哺乳动物)的任何适于在去除α-gal表位后植入的组织。在组织产品中可使用来自一种或多种不同动物的组织。除其他实例性组织来源外,组织可为例如以下中的一或多者:筋膜、心包膜组织、硬膜、脂肪组织、脐带组织、胎盘组织、心瓣膜组织、韧带组织、腱组织、动脉组织、静脉组织、神经结缔组织、膀胱组织、输尿管组织、皮肤、真皮组织、心脏组织、肺组织、肝组织和肠内组织。在一些实施例中,组织可为已重新住入外源细胞的无细胞、部分脱细胞和/或脱细胞组织,只要组织保留至少一些在脱细胞前的天然组织中发现的细胞外基质支架即可。如果使用脱细胞组织,那么其可在处理以去除α-gal表位之前、同时或之后进行脱细胞。
在一些实施例中,组织产品中的组织是通过从供体组织来源采集来提供。在一些实施例中,所采集组织提供多孔细胞外支架结构,在将组织产品植入宿主位点后,来自周围天然组织的细胞可迁移到该支架结构中并增殖。在一些实施例中,组织经部分或完全脱细胞。或者,可使用任何其他适宜的脱细胞组织基质。例如,巴德科克(Badylak)等人阐述多种生物支架材料,且可使用本披露方法来使用那些材料中的任一种或任何其他类似材料产生组织产品。巴德科克等人,“作为生物支架材料的细胞外基质:结构与功能(ExtracellularMatrix as a Biological Scaffold Material:Structure and Function)”生物材料学报(Acta Biomaterialia)(2008),doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2008.09.013,全文以引用方式并入本文中。
在各个实施例中,可通过在足以去除所需百分比的表位的浓度和时间段下暴露至蛋白酶(例如阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶或分散酶)从组织产品中的组织去除α-gal表位。例如,可将组织样品暴露至在介于约0.0001%到约0.1%范围内(例如,约0.0001%、0.0002%、0.0003%、0.0004%、0.0005%、0.0006%、0.0007%、0.0008%、0.0009%、0.001%、0.005%、0.01%、0.05%或0.1%,或之间的任何百分比)的浓度下的阿尔卡拉酶和/或蛋白酶。在一些实施例中,可将组织暴露至约0.0001%到约0.1%阿尔卡拉酶和/或胰蛋白酶达介于约0.5小时到约24小时范围内(例如,约0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5、5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20或24小时,或之间的任何时间段)的时间段。在一些实施例中,较高酶浓度与较短孵育时间配对,或较低浓度与较长孵育时间配对。在一些实施例中,可在介于约15℃-40℃范围内的温度下暴露至阿尔卡拉酶和/或胰蛋白酶。
在另一实例中,可将组织样品暴露至在介于约10单位/升到约200单位/升范围内(例如,约10、15、20、25、50、75、100、125、150、175或200单位/升,或之间的任何浓度)的浓度下的菠萝蛋白酶和/或分散酶。在一些实施例中,可将组织暴露至约10单位/升到约200单位/升的菠萝蛋白酶和/或分散酶达介于约1小时到约24小时范围内(例如,约1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5、5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20或24小时,或之间的任何时间段)的时间段。在一些实施例中,较高酶浓度与较短孵育时间配对,且较低浓度与较长孵育时间配对。在一些实施例中,可在介于约15℃-40℃范围内的温度下暴露至菠萝蛋白酶和/或分散酶。
在各个实施例中,通过将组织暴露至阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和分散酶中的一或多者去除α-gal表位的优点在于,这些酶还可用于改变组织的机械性质,例如提供展现所需柔韧性和/或柔软度水平(例如由异种移植物替换的天然人类组织的柔软度和柔韧性)的组织。因此,使用这些酶可避免或减少对去除α-gal和改变组织产品的机械性质的单独处理步骤的需要,这是业内非常需要的。这可缩短制备组织产品的加工时间和/或在加工和后续洗涤程序期间降低组织损伤的风险。在一些实施例中,暴露至阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和/或分散酶中的一或多者的浓度和/或持续时间经选择以基本上去除α-gal表位并产生具有所需柔韧性和/或柔软度程度的组织产品。
在某些实施例中,可将暴露至阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和/或分散酶中的一或多者的组织暴露至其他一种或多种酶或化学处理,以进一步去除α-gal表位或其他不需要的抗原,例如受体动物通常不表达且因此可能导致对所植入组织产品的免疫反应和/或排斥的其他抗原。例如,在某些实施例中,可用α-半乳糖苷酶处理组织以进一步去除α-半乳糖(α-gal)部分。在其他实施例中,可使用任何适宜的α-半乳糖苷酶浓度和缓冲液,只要实现足够抗原去除即可。另外,某些加工组织以减少或去除α-1,3-半乳糖部分的实例性方法阐述于徐(Xu)等人,组织工程学(Tissue Engineering),第15卷,1-13(2009)中,其是全文以引用方式并入本文中。
可以多种方式评估经处理组织中存在或不存在α-gal。例如,在各个实施例中,可使用免疫组织化学染色或免疫分析,例如ELISA分析。例如,该染色可包括α-gal特异性抗体结合到组织样品,并引起报道基因分子形成(例如,通过使用一种或多种其他抗体将酶结合到抗体)。
脱细胞组织产品
在各个实施例中,组织产品可包含来自表达α-gal表位的非灵长类哺乳动物的完整或脱细胞组织,且已通过将组织暴露至一种或多种蛋白酶(例如阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和/或分散酶)从其去除α-gal表位。在一些实施例中,组织可部分或完全脱细胞但保留至少一些细胞外基质组份,来自所植入组织产品的周围组织的天然细胞可迁移到该等组份中并增殖,由此提高修复、再生、治愈或治疗天然组织的速度或总体水平。脱细胞可在将组织暴露至一种或多种蛋白酶(例如阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和/或分散酶)之前、同时和/或之后进行。在一个实施例中,脱细胞是在暴露至一种或多种蛋白酶之后进行。
在一些实施例中,组织产品可源自任何适于脱细胞和后续植入的组织。实例性组织包括但不限于骨骼、皮肤、脂肪组织、真皮、肠、膀胱、腱、韧带、肌肉、筋膜、神经组织、血管、肝、心脏、肺、肾、软骨和/或任何其他适宜组织。在某些实施例中,组织产品可包括脱细胞软组织。例如,组织产品可包括部分或完全脱细胞真皮。在其他实施例中,组织产品可包含部分或完全脱细胞小肠粘膜下层。
使组织脱细胞的实例性方法披露于美国专利6,933,326和美国专利申请2010/0272782中,这些案件是全文以引用方式并入本文中。在各个实施例中,产生部分或完全脱细胞组织基质中所涉及的一般步骤包括从供体来源采集组织和在保存生物和结构功能的条件下去除细胞。在某些实施例中,可洗涤所采集组织以去除任何残留冷冻保护剂和/或其他污染物。用于洗涤的溶液可为任何生理上相容的溶液。适宜洗涤溶液的实例包括蒸馏水、磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)或任何其他生物相容性盐水溶液。
在某些实施例中,脱细胞工艺包括在细胞去除之前、期间或之后化学处理以稳定所采集组织,从而避免生物化学和结构降解。在各个实施例中,稳定溶液阻止并防止渗透、低氧、自溶和/或蛋白分解降解;防止微生物污染;和/或减少在含有例如平滑肌组份(例如,血管)的组织脱细胞期间可发生的机械损伤。稳定化溶液可以含有一种适当的缓冲剂、一种或多种抗氧化剂、一种或多种肿胀剂(oncotic agent)、一种或多种抗生素、一种或多种蛋白酶抑制剂、和/或一种或多种平滑肌松弛剂。
在各个实施例中,随后将组织置于脱细胞溶液中以在不损伤细胞外基质的生物和/或结构完整性的情况下从细胞外基质去除一些或全部活细胞(例如,上皮细胞、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞等)。脱细胞溶液可含有适当缓冲液、盐、抗生素、一种或多种去污剂(例如,TRITON X-100TM、十二烷基硫酸钠、脱氧胆酸钠、聚氧乙烯(20)山梨醇单油酸酯等)、一种或多种防止交联的试剂、一种或多种蛋白酶抑制剂和/或一种或多种酶。
在某些实施例中,脱细胞完全或基本上去除通常存于从其衍生组织产品的组织中的所有细胞。如本文所用“基本上不含所有细胞”意指,组织产品含有少于20%、10%、5%、1%、0.1%、0.01%、0.001%或0.0001%(或之间的任何百分比)的在脱细胞之前通常在组织的无细胞基质内生长的细胞。
如本文所披露的组织产品可包含一种或多种元素,其包含具有无细胞组织基质和/或尚未脱细胞的完整组织的部分或完全脱细胞组织。在一个实施例中,组织产品包含具有无细胞真皮组织基质的元素。在某些实施例中,脱细胞组织选自以下中的一或多者:筋膜、心包膜组织、硬膜、脐带组织、胎盘组织、心瓣膜组织、韧带组织、腱组织、动脉组织、静脉组织、神经结缔组织、膀胱组织、输尿管组织、皮肤、真皮组织、心脏组织、肺组织、肝组织和肠内组织。
在某些实施例中,在组织产品中的组织脱细胞后,可任选地将组织相容性/活细胞接种于无细胞组织基质中。在一些实施例中,可以在移植前通过标准体外细胞共培养技术,或者在移植后通过体内再增殖而将组织相容性活细胞添加到基质中。活体内再增殖可通过天然细胞从周围组织迁移到组织基质中或通过将从受体或从另一供体获得的组织相容性细胞原位灌注或注射到组织基质中来进行。可使用多种细胞类型,包括干细胞,例如胚胎干细胞和/或成人干细胞。还可使用任何其他与其所植入的患者组织相容的活细胞。在一些实施例中,组织相容性细胞是哺乳动物细胞。所述细胞可促进天然组织迁移、增殖和/或血管化。在某些实施例中,可在即将植入之前或刚刚植入后将细胞直接施加到组织基质。
在一些实施例中,组织产品可经处理以减少生物负荷(即,减少组织上生长的微生物数)。在一些实施例中,组织产品经处理,使得其缺少基本上全部生物负荷(即,组织产品是洁净的或无菌的)。如本文所用“基本上全部生物负荷”意指,在组织产品上生长的微生物浓度小于生物负荷处理前生长的1%、0.1%、0.01%、0.001%或0.0001%或之间的任何百分比。适宜生物负荷减少方法为所属领域一般技术人员已知且可包括将组织产品暴露于辐射。辐照可减少或基本上消除生物负荷。适宜辐射形式可包括γ辐射、电子束辐射和X-射线辐射。其他辐照方法描述于美国申请2010/0272782中,其披露内容是全文以引用方式并入本文中。
在一些实施例中,可将一种或多种其他试剂添加到组织产品中。在一些实施例中,其他试剂可包含消炎剂、止痛剂或任何其他所需治疗剂或有益试剂。在某些实施例中,其他试剂可包含至少一种添加的生长因子或信号传导因子(例如,细胞生长因子、血管生成因子、分化因子、细胞因子、激素和/或趋化因子)。这些其他试剂可促进天然组织迁移、增殖和/或血管化。在一些实施例中,生长因子或信号传导因子是由表达载体内所含的核酸序列编码。优选地,表达载体在一个或多个可任选地添加到组织产品中的活细胞中。如本文所用术语“表达载体”是指能被细胞吸收的任何核酸构筑体,其含有编码所需蛋白质的核酸序列,且含有其他必需核酸序列(例如启动子、增强子、终止密码子等)以确保细胞对所需蛋白质的至少最小表达。
如上所述的组织产品可以包装、冷冻、冻干和/或脱水形式来提供。在某些实施例中,经包装组织产品是无菌的。例如,试剂盒可包含含水、冷冻、冻干和/或脱水的组织产品以及用于制备和/或使用所述组织产品的说明书。
实例
以下实例用于说明本披露,且决不限制本披露。
pADM的酶处理
从屠宰场收集猪皮肤并通过以物理方式去除表皮和皮下脂肪来分离。使用抗生素溶液将剩余真皮组织去污。在去污之后,将组织在无菌条件下处理。
用一种酶(菠萝蛋白酶、阿尔卡拉酶或胰蛋白酶)将真皮组织处理指定时间量。对于阿尔卡拉酶和胰蛋白酶二者,所用浓度介于0.1%到0.00039%范围内且所用处理时间介于1小时到过夜(大概16-18小时)范围内。所用温度为室温和37℃。对于菠萝蛋白酶,所用浓度介于25单位/升到200单位/升范围内且所用处理时间介于6小时到过夜(大概16-18小时)范围内。所用温度为室温和37℃。对于这三种酶(阿尔卡拉酶、菠萝蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)中的每一种,较低浓度和/或较短处理时间可能也会适用,但还没有对此加以测试。一般来说,对于所述一种或多种酶,要对组织产生效应,浓度越低,处理时间必须越长。在37℃下处理还可提高酶处理的速率和/或活性,使得可使用较低浓度和/或较短处理时间。
然后用去污剂将组织脱细胞以去除活细胞。通过在PBS中洗涤来去除细胞碎片和残余的化学品。将所得猪无细胞真皮基质(pADM)储存在环境温度下直到准备好使用为止。
α-Gal检测程序
α-gal的存在可使用一系列抗体和比色检测试剂来检测。首先将组织保存在蔗糖溶液中,然后包埋于包埋介质(OCT)中并在液氮中冷冻。然后使用恒冷箱切片机将含有组织的冷冻块切成薄(微米级)切片并置于显微镜载玻片上。用溶液封阻含有组织的载玻片以防止非特异性结合,然后与第一抗体一起孵育,该第一抗体是特异性结合到α-gal残基的生物素化抗体。在洗除第一抗体后,将第二抗体(辣根过氧化物酶偶联的链霉亲和素)添加到载玻片。第二抗体中的链霉亲和素结合到第一抗体中的生物素。在孵育期后,同样洗除第二抗体,之后将检测试剂(DAB)添加到载玻片。DAB在辣根过氧化物酶存在下在载玻片上沉积褐色染色。
图1A-1H包括黑白图,其代表根据实例1的方法,未处理猪无细胞真皮(未使用酶去除α-gal)(图1A)、经菠萝蛋白酶(图1E-1F)、阿尔卡拉酶(图1C-D)和胰蛋白酶(图1G-H)处理的猪无细胞真皮样品的针对α-gal部分的免疫组织化学染色,所述样品各自经α-半乳糖苷酶处理及未经α-半乳糖苷酶处理。如图所示,经菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和阿尔卡拉酶处理的样品没有显示针对α-gal部分的染色。
抑制ELISA定量分析
使用抑制ELISA分析来测量对α-Gal含量的定量评价。将各种无细胞真皮基质(ADM)切碎并与抗-α-Gal抗体一起孵育。在孵育期后,将含有任何未结合抗体的上清液转移到经α-Gal涂布的96孔板。使用碱性磷酸酶偶联的第二抗体,随后是磷酸对硝基苯酯检测底物来检测存于上清液中的随后结合到该孔板的未结合抗体的量。
含有高水平α-Gal的ADM捕获大部分(如果并非全部)抗-α-Gal抗体,在上清液中留下极少所述抗体,且因此在该孔板上读数低。相比之下,含有低水平α-Gal的ADM仅捕获低水平(如果有的话)抗-α-Gal抗体,所述抗体大部分留在上清液中。因此,来自这些样品的上清液在该孔板上得到的读数极高。
将孔板读数针对阳性和阴性对照进行归一化。由于α-Gal在人类组织中不存在但在猪组织中存在,因此分别使用未经a-半乳糖苷酶处理的人类无细胞真皮基质(hADM)和猪无细胞真皮基质(pADM)作为阴性对照和阳性对照。用α-半乳糖苷酶处理pADM将α-Gal含量降低到未处理pADM的30%。pADM在α-半乳糖苷酶不存在下的酶(阿尔卡拉酶或胰蛋白酶)处理将α-Gal含量降低到与α-半乳糖苷酶处理相当或低于α-半乳糖苷酶处理的水平。
前述实例打算说明本披露且决不限制本披露。根据说明书的考量和本文所述披露装置和方法的实践,所披露装置和方法的其他实施例对于所属领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
Claims (19)
1.一种制备组织产品的方法,其包括
选择至少一种含有半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分的含胶原组织基质;并且
使所述至少一种含胶原组织基质与阿尔卡拉酶在足以从该含胶原组织基质去除半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分的条件下接触,其中所述条件包括在0.0001%到0.1%范围内的浓度且在0.5小时到24小时范围内的时间段中使用阿尔卡拉酶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种含胶原组织基质含于细胞组织内,且其中该方法进一步包括使该细胞组织脱细胞。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中该含胶原组织基质被完全脱细胞。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法,其中从该含胶原组织基质基本上或完全去除α-半乳糖。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法,其中该阿尔卡拉酶在不损伤至少一种组织基质的情况下去除半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分。
6.根据权利要求1到5中任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括进行分析以确定是否已从该至少一种含胶原组织基质去除半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中该分析包括测量半乳糖α-1,3-半乳糖部分的浓度。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中该分析包括组织化学分析。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中该分析包括免疫分析。
10.根据权利要求1到9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一种含胶原组织基质包含一种来自骨骼、皮肤、脂肪组织、肠、膀胱、腱、韧带、肌肉、筋膜、脉管、神经、肝、心脏、肺、肾和软骨组织中的至少一种的组织基质。
11.根据权利要求1到9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一种含胶原组织基质包含一种来自真皮和血管中的至少一种的组织基质。
12.根据权利要求1到9中任一项所述的方法,其中使用来自一种或多种不同动物或组织来源的组织。
13.根据权利要求1到11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一种含胶原组织基质是猪组织基质。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种含胶原组织基质由猪无细胞真皮组织基质组成。
15.根据权利要求1到13中任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括将一种或多种组织相容的活细胞添加到该组织产品。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种组织相容的活细胞是哺乳动物细胞。
17.根据权利要求15或16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种组织相容的活细胞是干细胞。
18.根据权利要求1到17中任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括处理所述至少一种含胶原组织基质以减少生物负荷。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中处理所述至少一种含胶原组织基质以减少生物负荷包括辐照该组织产品。
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2014
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AU2018236910A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
AU2014341866A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
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BR112016009178A8 (pt) | 2020-03-24 |
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CN105682697A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
CA2925332A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
EP3065790A1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
DK3065790T3 (da) | 2021-02-01 |
JP6524597B2 (ja) | 2019-06-05 |
BR112016009178B1 (pt) | 2020-12-15 |
WO2015066668A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
CA2925332C (en) | 2022-07-12 |
AU2014341866B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
JP2016536315A (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
EP3799893A1 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
US20150126453A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
ES2846758T3 (es) | 2021-07-29 |
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