CN105669953A - 电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物材料的开发和在有机太阳能电池中的应用 - Google Patents
电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物材料的开发和在有机太阳能电池中的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105669953A CN105669953A CN201510783303.XA CN201510783303A CN105669953A CN 105669953 A CN105669953 A CN 105669953A CN 201510783303 A CN201510783303 A CN 201510783303A CN 105669953 A CN105669953 A CN 105669953A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- donor
- unit
- body unit
- organic solar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006619 Stille reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical class [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 perylene imide Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UGQZLDXDWSPAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O UGQZLDXDWSPAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BKEVGGILGWUWSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(N)CCCC BKEVGGILGWUWSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XFIFYELOTVCAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-bromobutyl)thiophene Chemical compound BrCCCCC=1C=CSC=1 XFIFYELOTVCAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N (1S,2S,6R,14R,15R,16R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC=3C4=C(C(=CC=3)O)O[C@H]3[C@@]5(OC)CC[C@@]2([C@@]43CC1)C[C@@H]5[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)CC)CC1CC1 HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004818 1,2-dichlorobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SODQFLRLAOALCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda3-bromacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound Br1=CC=CC=C1 SODQFLRLAOALCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDKLKNJTMLIAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2OC=C(C=O)N=2)=C1 BDKLKNJTMLIAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUTGXAIWZAMYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclopentyloxyethanamine Chemical compound NCCOC1CCCC1 QUTGXAIWZAMYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCMISAPCWHTVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromothiophene Chemical compound BrC=1C=CSC=1 XCMISAPCWHTVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVYARBLCAHCSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCC(N)N QVYARBLCAHCSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002026 chloroform extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009878 intermolecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CCCC WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013087 polymer photovoltaic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940087562 sodium acetate trihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明开发一种新型给体/受体“双轴”材料分子-电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物,作为有机太阳能电池的光活性材料,通过两步聚合的方法合成此类聚合物。“双通道”聚合物可以使给体单元与给体单元、给体单元与受体单元、受体单元与受体单元之间通过化学键相互连接在一起,解决了传统“双轴”聚合物因相对自由弯曲的链使得电子受体部分分布不均匀的问题。“双通道”材料分子的给体单元可以为噻吩类、芴类、苯并噻吩类、芘类等或其中两种,受体单元可以为苝酰亚胺、萘酰亚胺、均苯四甲酰亚胺等。本发明把聚合物P1掺杂在P3HT/PCBM的体系中,其最大PCE为4.33%,比没有P1掺杂的体系提高了15.4%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机太阳能电池领域,具体来说涉及一种光活性材料即一种电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物材料。
背景技术
目前现存的太阳能电池主要包括:以硅为主的无机太阳能电池(PV)、染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)及有机太阳能电池(OPV)。因无机太阳能电池制备工艺复杂、制作能耗大、寿命短、柔韧性差及对环境污染大,这些因素都严重制约了无机太阳能电池在以后人类生活中大规模的应用。有机薄膜太阳能电池因其柔韧性好、质量轻、制作成本低、易封装及可大面积溶液加工等优点,日益成为人们的研究重点并得到了飞速的发展。
1986年,美国邓青云博士引入了双层异质结构ITO/CuPc/PV/Ag的有机太阳能电池,能量转换率约为1%(N.S.Sariciftci,L.Smilowitz,A.J.Heeger,etal.Science,1992,1474.)。Gao等报道了由MEH-PPV和C60分别作为电子给体和受体材料混合制备的器件(U.Bach,D.Lupo,P.Comte.Nature,1998,395.)。此结构中给体(D)和受体(A)分子紧密接触,形成D/A混穿网络,提高了电荷的分离效率。异质结太阳能电池的主要问题是微调给体/给体、受体/受体和给体/受体之间的复杂的物理作用,以获得理想的形态纳米结构。有机太阳能电池(OPV)的激子在D/A界面处进行电荷分离,为了进一步提高激子解离和电荷输运效率,从分子水平上控制结构有序排列,设计“双轴”材料分子(D/Adoublecable),即将聚合物或寡聚物中共价键相连的D单元和A单元分别排列在一起,电荷分离后,电子沿着A结构单元输运,而空穴沿着D结构单元输运。将富勒烯等受体附着到一个给体聚合物如一个侧链中,形成所谓的双轴型聚合物,这可以看作是一个分子异质结,这样的结构有利于激子快速解离成自由电荷载体(空穴和电子),然后分别沿着链进行传输,抑制电荷复合;同时给体和受体单元均匀分布,以防止严重的相分离。基于这个设计方案,双轴型聚合物可以提高有机太阳能电池的效率。
事实上,双轴型聚合物光伏性能没有达到预期效果。在双轴型聚合物中,空穴可以沿着共轭骨架传输,而电子只有受体单元紧密排列时才会进行有效传输,这种靠分子间相互作用进行紧密排列取决于受体单元足够密集,然而相对自由弯曲的链使得电子受体部分分布不均匀,从而难以形成有序排列,影响电子的有效传输,增加了电子与空穴的复合几率。针对上述问题,通过化学键使受体单元之间相互连接在一起,其中给体可以为噻吩类、芴类、苯并噻吩类、芘类等或其中两种,受体可以为苝酰亚胺、萘酰亚胺、均苯四甲酰亚胺等,并应用于有机太阳能电池。(见图1)
发明内容
本发明的特征是设计了给体单元与给体单元、给体单元与受体单元、受体单元与受体单元之间通过化学键键合在一起的“双通道”材料分子,并通过Suzuki或Stille偶联和缩聚反应两步聚合的方法合成这类聚合物,并作为光活性材料应用于有机太阳能电池。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种用于合成D/A“双通道”材料分子方法,步骤包括:1、两类化合物的化学结构通式
式1:
式2:
其中,D代表给体单元,可以为噻吩类、芴类、苯并噻吩类、芘类等任意一种或两种;A代表受体单元,可以为苝酰亚胺、萘酰亚胺、均苯四甲酰亚胺等;X为N、O、S的一种;y=1-7中的任意一个;z=1-7中的任意一个。
(2)电子/空穴“双通道”材料分子合成方法
(a)带噻吩的受体单元单体与供体单元单体通过Suzuki偶联或Stille偶联合成聚合物(如式1);
(b)聚合物的受体单元中酰亚胺基团通过皂化反应变为酸酐;
(c)含有两个伯胺的烷烃类化合物与聚合物的受体单元中酸酐发生缩聚反应,合成“双通道”材料分子(如式2),实现给体单元与给体单元、受体单元与给体单元以及受体单元与受体单元之间通过共价键连接在一起。
(3)有机太阳能电池器件的制备
附图说明
结合如下附图及详细描述将会更清楚地理解本上述发明内容和其它特征及优点,其中:
图1是(a)传统的双轴材料分子示意图,(b)本专利开发的“双通道”材料分子示意图(D代表给体单元,A代表受体单元);
图2是1-丁基戊胺(1a)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图3是3-(4-溴丁基)噻吩(1b)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图4是N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(1)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图5是N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(1)的MALDI-TOF-MS图;
图6是1-溴N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(2)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图7是1-溴-N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(2)的MALDI-TOF-MS图;
图8是1-羟基-N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(3)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图9是1-羟基-N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(3)的MALDI-TOF-MS图;
图10是化合物4的核磁共振氢谱图;
图11是化合物4的MALDI-TOF-MS图;
图12是化合物M1的核磁共振氢谱图;
图13是化合物M1的MALDI-TOF-MS图;
图14是P1的核磁共振氢谱图;
图15是P3的核磁共振氢谱图;
图16是材料P1的UV吸收光谱图;
图17是材料P1的荧光发射光谱图;
图18是材料P1的CV曲线图;
图19是材料P1的热分析TGA图;
图20是有机太阳能电池器件的结构示意图;
图21是有机太阳能电池器件的J-V曲线图。
优选实施方案的详细说明
下面对本发明的优选实施例进行详细阐述,以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解。
实例1:
(1)单体M1的合成
1-丁基戊胺(1a)的制备:
在500ml的三口圆底烧瓶中加入5-壬酮(5.01g,35.2mmol),醋酸铵(27.76g,360.1mmol)和150ml甲醇,在氮气氛围下室温搅拌90min。再加入氰基硼氢化钠(1.56g,24.8mmol)搅拌56h。然后加入7ml浓盐酸,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得白色固体。把白色固体溶于500ml水中,用KOH调节溶液pH值到13。用400mlCH2Cl2萃取溶液,取有机相旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得黄色液体,产率83%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.66(m,1H),1.25-1.40(m,14H),0.89(t,6H)。
3-(4-溴丁基)噻吩(1b)的制备:
把3-溴噻吩(11.7g,72mmol)溶于正己烷(100ml)中,冷却到-50℃,将正丁基锂(35ml,2.5M,87.5mmol)滴入其中,搅拌十分钟,再将8ml的THF滴入其中,直到锂盐沉淀,反应搅拌1h。升温至-10℃,然后把干燥的THF(4ml)和1,6-二溴丁烷(15.6g,72mmol)一次性加入其中,室温搅拌两小时,氯仿萃取,水洗(3×100ml),无水MgSO4干燥有机相,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,层析柱分离提纯(石油醚),得到无色油状液体,产率51%。1HNMR400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.25(m,1H),6.94(m,2H),3.43(t,2H),2.68(t,2H),1.68-2.05(m,4H)。
N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(1)的制备:
在250ml的两口圆底烧瓶中,加入苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酸酐(5g,12.25mmol)、1-丁基戊胺(1a)(5.47g,38.25mmol)、醋酸(0.1g)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(100ml),氮气保护,加热至90℃搅拌20h。然后冷却至室温。加入200ml水,过滤,干燥,得红色固体。层析柱分离提纯(二氯甲烷∶石油醚=3∶1),产率60%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.64(m,8H),5.18(m,2H),2.23(m,4H),1.87(m,4H),1.33(m,16H),0.86(t,12H)。MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z=642.94(M+)。
1-溴-N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(2)的制备:
在250ml的两口圆底烧瓶中,加入N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(1)(2.5g,3.9mmol)、液溴(32g,200mmol)和100ml二氯甲烷,在22-24℃下搅拌4天。然后加入饱和的亚硫酸钠溶液,二氯甲烷萃取,水洗,无水MgSO4干燥有机相,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂。层析柱分离提纯(二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1),得红色固体,产率45%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.79(d,1H),8.92(s,1H),8.62-8.71(m,5H),5.18(m,2H),2.27(m,4H),1.85(m,4H),1.32(m,16H),0.85(t,12H)。MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z=720.94(M+)。
1-羟基-N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(3)的制备:
在250ml的两口圆底烧瓶中,加入1-溴-N,N′-双(1-丁基戊基)苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(2)(303mg,0.42mmol)、三水合醋酸钠(1.0g,7.4mmol)和DMF(40ml),氮气保护,在100℃下搅拌5h。再加入80ml水,回流30min。加入100ml水和2ml浓盐酸。过滤,干燥。层析柱分离提纯(甲醇∶二氯甲烷=5∶95),产率85%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.48(m,1H),8.33-8.46(m,6H),5.27(m,2H),3.51(s,1H),2.33(t,2H),1.96(m,4H),1.31(m,16H),0.81(t,12H)。MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z=657.28(M+)。
化合物4的制备:
在150ml的两口圆底烧瓶中加入化合物3(658mg,1mmol)、化合物1b(329mg,1.5mmol)、碳酸钾(2.4g)和75mlDMF,氮气保护,加热到100℃,搅拌5h。冷却至室温,加入150ml水,抽滤,烘干。层析柱分离提纯(二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1),得红色固体,产率70%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.69(d,1H),8.67-8.48(m,6H),7.30(m,1H),6.99(m,2H),5.22(m,2H),4.56(t,2H),2.82(t,2H),2.29(m,4H),2.15(m,2H),1.99(m,2H),1.86(m,4H),1.33(m,16H),0.86(t,12H)。MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z=796.13(M+)。
单体M1的制备:
在150ml的两口圆底烧瓶中,将化合物4(398mg,0.5mmol)和NBS(267mg,1.5mmol)溶于50ml的THF/AcOH(体积比为1∶1)的溶液中,40℃搅拌过夜。冷却,旋转蒸发除去溶剂。层析柱分离提纯(二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1),得红色固体,产率90%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.59(m,1H),8.48-8.70(m,6H),6.78(s,1H),5.21(m,2H),4.57(t,2H),2.69(t,2H),2.28(m,4H),2.17(m,2H),1.94(m,6H),1.33(m,16H),0.86(t,12H)。MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z=954.20(M+)。
(2)聚合物的合成
P1的制备:
10ml的schlenk管中,加入甲苯(4ml)、2M碳酸钾水溶液(0.8ml)和Aliquat336(20mg),再加入单体M1(97mg,0.1mmol)和M2(65mg,0.1mmol),氮气保护,再加入四三苯基膦钯(5mg),110℃搅拌60h。然后冷却,滴加到甲醇(250ml)中,抽滤,得红色固体,分别用丙酮、正己烷和乙酸乙酯作为溶剂索氏提取,各8h,得固体,溶于氯仿中,过滤,取滤液蒸干,即得到P1,产率65%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.62(br,1H),8.48-8.68(br,6H),7.51-7.57(br,6H),7.47(br,1H),5.20(br,2H),4.51(br,2H),2.94(br,2H),2.18-2.25(br,6H),1.86-2.03(br,10H),1.25-1.33(br,20H),0.99(br,20H),0.83(br,18H)。(GPC)Mn=14000g/mol,PDI=1.57。
P2的制备:
25ml的的两口圆底烧瓶中,加入P1(30mg)、KOH(0.1g)和5ml异丙醇,氮气保护,回流24h,冷却,加入12.5ml醋酸,搅拌过夜。加入250ml的甲醇,过滤,干燥固体。将固体溶于氯仿中,过滤,取滤液蒸干,产率80%。(GPC)Mn=12000g/mol,PDI=1.51。
P3的制备:
25ml的两口圆底烧瓶中,加入P2(20mg)、丁二胺(3mg,加入量与P2中单体同样的摩尔数)、m-cresol(2ml)和异喹啉(0.1ml)氮气保护,加热到85℃,搅拌24h。再升温到180℃,搅拌13h。然后加热到210℃,搅拌6h。冷却,滴入200ml的甲醇中,过滤,得到固体溶于氯仿中,再过滤,取滤液蒸干,产率45%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.62-9.72(br,m),8.48-8.68(br,m),7.49-7.72(br,m),5.20(br,m),4.51(br,m),3.66(br,m),2.79-2.94(br,m),1.88-2.30(br,m),1.25-1.33(br,m),1.07(br,m),0.85(br,m)。(GPC)Mn=31800g/mol,PDI=1.78。
(3)材料的性能与表征
表1三种聚合物材料的物理性能
1吸收与发射光谱是在氯仿溶液中测试;2工作电极-金电极上制成的膜在乙腈溶液(四丁基六氟磷酸铵)中测试电化学(CV)得到最高占据分子轨道(HOMO);3最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)是从HOMO与能级差2.09eV计算得到;4从吸收光谱开始吸收592nm计算得到;5用1,2-二氯苯作溶剂、在120℃下测得。
由表1可知P1的Mn为14.0Kda,每个单元分子量为1214,每条聚合链的平均单元个数为11.7。P2与P1的数均分子量的差值为2000,得到被O原子取代的1-丁基戊氨基基团个数为16,即有8个单元的1-丁基戊氨基基团被取代,占68.4%。P3数均分子量增大是因为1,4-丁二胺把P2中两条或多条聚合链相互连接在一起。
图16为材料P1的UV吸收光谱,图中P1的最大吸收峰为406nm和553nm,其中406nm是给体单元的吸收峰,553nm为受体单元的吸收峰。
图17是材料P1的荧光发射光谱,图中P1的发射波长为448nm、573nm和618nm,其中448nm是给体单元发射峰,573nm和618nm为受体单元的发射峰。由于给体与受体单元强相互作用,受体苝二酰亚胺的荧光发射被淬灭而明显变弱。
图18是材料P1的CV曲线,图中P1的起始氧化峰为1.15eV,这表明P1的HOMO能级为-5.55eV,根据图17所得到的能级差为2.09eV,P1的LUMO能级为-3.46eV。
图19是P1的热分析TGA,图中P1的分解温度为395℃,到481℃时失去40%左右的质量是失去给体单元。
(4)器件性能的表征
(a)器件的结构
图20是有机太阳能电池器件的结构示意图,其有机太阳能电池器件结构为ITO/MoO3/P3HT:PCBM:P1/LiF/Al。MoO3的膜厚度约为50nm,光活化层膜厚大约为100nm,LiF层约为0.8nm,Al层的厚度约为120nm。光活化层P3HT:PCBM:P1膜是使用溶液旋涂法制得。
(b)器件的表征
图21是有机太阳能电池器件的J-V曲线,在AM1.5太阳辐照光模拟光源下,在P3HT:PCBM添加不同比例的P1,其中添加3%时,短路电流Jsc和开路电压Voc都有提高,最大功率转换效率为4.33%,而没有P1的最大功率转换效率3.75%,提高了15.4%。这是因为P1类似于表面活性剂,它具有亲给体性和亲受体性的两性,可以调节给体与受体之间的界面,有利于电荷的分离与传输。
Claims (5)
1.一种新型给体/受体“双轴”材料分子-电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物,其特征在于有如下化学结构通式:
其中,D为供体单元;A为受体单元;X为N、O、S的一种;y和z可以相同,也可以不同,是1-7中的任意一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物,其特征在于,供体单元为噻吩类、芴类、苯并噻吩类、芘类等中任意一种或两种;受体单元为苝酰亚胺、萘酰亚胺、均苯四甲酰亚胺等中任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物,X为N、O、S中的任一种;y=1-7中的任意一个;z=1-7中的任意一个。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:(a)将含有噻吩的受体单元单体和供体单元单体通过Suzuki偶联或Stille偶联合成聚合物;(b)聚合物的受体单元中酰亚胺基团通过皂化反应转换为酸酐;(c)在180℃下,含有两个伯胺的烷烃类化合物与聚合物的受体单元中酸酐发生缩聚反应。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物,作为有机太阳能电池的光活性材料。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510783303.XA CN105669953B (zh) | 2015-11-11 | 2015-11-11 | 电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物材料的开发和在有机太阳能电池中的应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510783303.XA CN105669953B (zh) | 2015-11-11 | 2015-11-11 | 电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物材料的开发和在有机太阳能电池中的应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105669953A true CN105669953A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
CN105669953B CN105669953B (zh) | 2018-03-30 |
Family
ID=56947020
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510783303.XA Active CN105669953B (zh) | 2015-11-11 | 2015-11-11 | 电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物材料的开发和在有机太阳能电池中的应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN105669953B (zh) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007137430A1 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | The University Of Western Ontario | Preparation of supramolecular polymers containing sequence-selective hydrogen bonding subunits in their backbone which form double helices |
CN101376686A (zh) * | 2008-09-28 | 2009-03-04 | 南京邮电大学 | 本体异质结太阳电池聚合物给体材料及合成和应用方法 |
WO2012116017A2 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Rieke Metals Inc. | Polythiophene–fullerene conjugates for photovoltaic cells |
CN102816298A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-12-12 | 中南大学 | 萘并[2,3-c]噻吩-4,9-二酮类聚合物及在太阳能电池上的应用 |
CN103396534A (zh) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-20 | 武汉大学 | 一种二维共轭喹喔啉类聚合物及其用途 |
-
2015
- 2015-11-11 CN CN201510783303.XA patent/CN105669953B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007137430A1 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | The University Of Western Ontario | Preparation of supramolecular polymers containing sequence-selective hydrogen bonding subunits in their backbone which form double helices |
CN101376686A (zh) * | 2008-09-28 | 2009-03-04 | 南京邮电大学 | 本体异质结太阳电池聚合物给体材料及合成和应用方法 |
WO2012116017A2 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Rieke Metals Inc. | Polythiophene–fullerene conjugates for photovoltaic cells |
CN102816298A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-12-12 | 中南大学 | 萘并[2,3-c]噻吩-4,9-二酮类聚合物及在太阳能电池上的应用 |
CN103396534A (zh) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-20 | 武汉大学 | 一种二维共轭喹喔啉类聚合物及其用途 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
华北电力大学太阳能研究中心: "《光伏产业技术路线图》", 30 November 2011 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105669953B (zh) | 2018-03-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5546070B2 (ja) | フルオレニルポルフィリン−アントラセンを含むコポリマー、その製造方法およびその応用 | |
CN102263205A (zh) | 可交联共轭聚合物材料在倒装有机光电器件中的应用 | |
CN105367561B (zh) | 一种吲哚衍生物及其共轭聚合物的制备和用途 | |
CN104744675B (zh) | 含6H–吡咯并[3,4–f]苯并三唑–5,7–二酮的共轭聚合物及其应用 | |
CN103360604A (zh) | 含功能化极性侧链基团的共轭金属聚合物光电材料及其应用 | |
EP2532696A1 (en) | Conjugated fluorene polymer, preparing method thereof and solar battery component | |
Dong et al. | Construction of a long range p/n heterojunction with a pair of nanometre-wide continuous D/A phases | |
Zheng et al. | Over 14% Efficiency Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Reasonable Conformation Modulating in Naphtho [2, 3‐b: 6, 7‐b′] difuran Based Polymer | |
Li et al. | Flexible–rigid synergetic strategy for saddle-shaped perylene diimide acceptors in as-cast polymer solar cells | |
JP6200096B2 (ja) | 共重合体およびこれを含む有機太陽電池 | |
KR20150086737A (ko) | 트리페닐아민-벤조티아디아졸 유도체 화합물 및 이를 함유하는 광활성층을 포함하는 유기태양전지 | |
CN111039961A (zh) | 基于5, 6-双氟苯并噻二唑单元的齐聚物光伏供体材料的制备及应用 | |
CN107778280B (zh) | 基于三聚茚的星形对称有机太阳能电池小分子受体材料及其制备方法与一种有机太阳能电池 | |
You et al. | Unfused vs fused thienoazacoronene-cored perylene diimide oligomer based acceptors for non-fullerene organic solar cells | |
WO2011116516A1 (zh) | 含芴卟啉-苯共聚物、其制备方法和应用 | |
CN102936332B (zh) | 侧链带有树枝状咔唑基团的窄带隙共轭聚合物材料、制备方法和应用 | |
CN103923106B (zh) | 一种低能隙宽吸收的共轭聚合物及其制备方法 | |
CN102898626A (zh) | 含萘并[1,2-c:5,6-c]二(2-烷基-[1,2,3]三唑)的有机半导体材料及其应用 | |
TWI508993B (zh) | 予體-受體交替共軛高分子及使用其所製成之太陽能電池元件 | |
CN109776769A (zh) | 一种基于噻吩、苝二酰亚胺和异靛蓝单元的三元共聚物及其制备方法 | |
CN111100145B (zh) | 一种不对称芳香杂环并噻吩二酮基有机太阳能电池给体材料、其制备方法及应用 | |
CN105367756B (zh) | 一种吲哚衍生物与苯并二噻吩双锡共聚物的制备和用途 | |
CN105669953B (zh) | 电子/空穴“双通道”聚合物材料的开发和在有机太阳能电池中的应用 | |
CN110982047B (zh) | 一类引达省并二呋喃基有机太阳能电池给体材料、其制备方法及应用 | |
Lee et al. | Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell fabricated with a p-type conjugated star-shaped molecule |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |