CN105664038A - 一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物及其制备方法,药物中各种原料药材为:土木香、凤尾七、白前、沙棘、石见穿、绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙、三块瓦、灰叶根、何首乌、桂枝、火索麻、金银花、莪术、血满草、灵芝、山药、锁阳;优选地,药物中还包括以下原料:地筋、蜀葵花、马鬃参、没药、蘡薁根和睡菜。本发明的有益效果是:本发明具有行气化滞和安神养心的功效,兼以活血化瘀、通经络,填补心液、宣散水气、调和中焦、梳理气机的功效,主治气滞心胸型冠心病,具有起效快、有效率高、疗效确切、治疗疗程短、无毒副作用,价格低等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物技术领域,特别涉及一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
冠心病,古称胸痹,是一种最常见的心脏病,是指因冠状动脉狭窄、供血不足而引起的心肌机能障碍或器质性病变,故又称缺血性心脏病,缺血性心脏病是多种冠状动脉病的结果,但冠状动脉粥样硬化占冠状动脉性心脏病的绝大多数。
冠心病的发病机理:平时所说的冠心病多数是动脉器质性狭窄或阻塞引起的,又称冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病,其冠状动脉狭窄多系脂肪物质沿血管内壁堆积所致,这一过程称为动脉硬化,动脉硬化发展到一定程度,冠状动脉狭窄逐渐加重,限制流入心肌的血流,心脏得不到足够的氧气供给,就会发生胸部不适,即心绞痛。
冠心病的临床症状:不同人的心绞痛发作表现不一。多数人形容其为"胸部压迫感","闷胀感""憋闷感",部分病人感觉向双侧肩部、背部、颈部、咽喉部放散,休息或者含服硝酸甘油缓解。
分析冠心病的病因,多为厥心痛,真心痛,心痹,胸痹等,故辨其临床证候分为:1、心绞痛型:表现为胸骨后的压榨感,闷胀感,伴随明显的焦虑,持续3到5分钟,常发散到左侧臂部,肩部,下颌,咽喉部,背部,也可放射到右臂.有时可累及这些部位而不影响胸骨后区,用力,情绪激动,受寒,饱餐等增加心肌耗氧情况下发作的称为劳力性心绞痛,休息和含化硝酸甘油缓解。有时候心绞痛不典型,可表现为气紧,晕厥,虚弱,嗳气,尤其在老年人。根据发作的频率和严重程度分为稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛。稳定型心绞痛指的是发作一月以上的劳力性心绞痛,其发作部位,频率,严重程度,持续时间,诱使发作的劳力大小,能缓解疼痛的硝酸甘油用量基本稳定。不稳定型心绞痛指的使原来的稳定型心绞痛发作频率,持续时间,严重程度增加,或者新发作的劳力性心绞痛(发生1个月以内),或静息时发作的心绞痛。不稳定性心绞痛是急性心肌梗塞的前兆,所以一旦发现应立即到医院就诊。2、心肌梗塞型:梗塞发生前一周左右常有前驱症状,如静息和轻微体力活动时发作的心绞痛,伴有明显的不适和疲惫。梗塞时表现为持续性剧烈压迫感,闷塞感,甚至刀割样疼痛,位于胸骨后,常波及整个前胸,以左侧为重。部分病人可延左臂尺侧向下放射,引起左侧腕部,手掌和手指麻刺感,部分病人可放射至上肢,肩部,颈部,下颌,以左侧为主。疼痛部位与以前心绞痛部位一致,但持续更久,疼痛更重,休息和含化硝酸甘油不能缓解。有时候表现为上腹部疼痛,容易与腹部疾病混淆。伴有低热,烦躁不安,多汗和冷汗,恶心,呕吐,心悸,头晕,极度乏力,呼吸困难,濒死感,持续30分钟以上,常达数小时。发现这种情况应立即就诊。3、无症状性心肌缺血型(隐性冠心病):很多病人有广泛的冠状动脉阻塞却没有感到过心绞痛,甚至有些病人在心肌梗塞时也没感到心绞痛。部分病人在发生了心脏性猝死,常规体检时发现心肌梗塞后才被发现.部分病人由于心电图有缺血表现,发生了心律失常,或因为运动试验阳性而做冠脉造影才发现。这类病人发生心脏性猝死和心肌梗塞的机会和有心绞痛的病人一样,所以应注意平时的心脏保健。4、心力衰竭和心律失常型:部分患者原有心绞痛发作,以后由于病变广泛,心肌广泛纤维化,心绞痛逐渐减少到消失,却出现心力衰竭的表现,如气紧,水肿,乏力等,还有各种心律失常,表现为心悸.还有部分患者从来没有心绞痛,而直接表现为心力衰竭和心律失常。5、猝死型:指由于冠心病引起的不可预测的突然死亡,在急性症状出现以后6小时内发生心脏骤停所致。主要是由于缺血造成心肌细胞电生理活动异常,而发生严重心律失常导致。冠心病的临床类型:临床分型是以世界卫生组织(WHO)的分型为标准,即:心绞痛、心肌梗塞和猝死;心绞痛又可分为劳力性心绞痛和自发性心绞痛(1)劳力性心绞痛又分3类,一是新发生的心绞痛;二是稳定型劳力性心绞痛;三是恶化劳力性心绞痛。(2)自发性心绞痛一般指休息状态下发作的心绞痛。其中将心绞痛发作时伴ST段抬高者,称为变异型心绞痛。冠状动脉性心脏病简称冠心病。指由于脂质代谢不正常,血液中的脂质沉着在原本光滑的动脉内膜上,在动脉内膜一些类似粥样的脂类物质堆积而成白色斑块,称为动脉粥样硬化病变。这些斑块渐渐增多造成动脉腔狭窄,使血流受阻,导致心脏缺血,产生心绞痛。
冠心病的分类:隐匿型:患者有冠状动脉硬化,但病变较轻或有较好的侧支循环,或患者痛阈较高因而无疼痛症状。心绞痛型:在冠状动脉狭窄的基础上,由于心肌负荷的增加引起心肌急剧的、短暂的缺血与缺氧的临床综合征。心肌梗死型:在冠状动脉病变的基础上,发生冠状动脉供血急剧减少或中断,使相应的心肌严重而持久地急性缺血导致心肌坏死。心力衰竭型:(缺血性心肌病)心肌纤维化,心肌的血供长期不足,心肌组织发生营养障碍和萎缩,或大面积心肌梗死后,以致纤维组织增生所致。猝死型:患者心脏骤停的发生是由于在动脉粥样硬化的基础上,发生冠状动脉痉挛或栓塞,导致心肌急性缺血,造成局部电生理紊乱,引起暂时的严重心律失常所致。
冠心病病因:冠心病是全身血管病变的典型反应,不管多么严重的冠心病其原因,是冠状动脉堵塞造成的,而这种堵塞又都是冠状动脉粥样硬化造成的,而粥样硬化又都是吃的东西太过肥甘厚味造成的。表现为气虚的,主要是指肾气虚,意味着你先天之气就不足。冠心病的主要病因是冠状动脉粥样硬化,但动脉粥样硬化的原因尚不完全清楚,可能是多种因素综合作用的结果.认为本病发生的危险因素有:年龄和性别(45岁以上的男性,55岁以上或者绝经后的女性),血脂异常(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C过高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C过低),高血压,尿糖病,吸烟,超重,肥胖、痛风、不运动等。
冠心病的诊断方法:(1)临床表现:心绞痛是冠心病的主要临床症状,根据心绞痛发作时的部位、性质、诱因、持续时间、缓解方式等特点和伴随症状及体征便可鉴别心绞痛和心肌梗塞,可以说,典型的症状和体征对冠心病心绞痛和心肌梗塞的诊断至关重要。(2)心电图:心电图是冠心病诊断中最早、最常用和最基本的诊断方法,心电图使用方便,易于普及,当患者病情变化时便可及时捕捉其变化情况,并能连续动态观察和进行各种负荷试验,以提高其诊断敏感性。无论是心绞痛或心肌梗塞,都有其典型的心电图变化。(4)核素心肌显像:根据病史,心电图检查不能排除心绞痛时可做此顶检查。核素心肌显像可以显示缺血区、明确缺血的部位和范围大小。结合运动试验再显像,可提高检出率。(5)冠状动脉造影:是目前冠心病诊断的“金标准”。可以明确冠状动脉有无狭窄、狭窄的部位、程度、范围等,并可据此指导进一步治疗所应采取的措施。(6)超声和血管内超声:心脏超声可以对心脏形态、室壁运动以及左心室功能进行检查,是目前最常用的检查手段之一。血管内超声可以明确冠状动脉内的管壁形态及狭窄程度,是一项很有前景的新技术。尤其适用于造影剂过敏,不能做冠状动脉造影者。(7)心肌酶学检查:是急性心肌梗塞的诊断和鉴别诊断的重要手段之一。临床上根据血清酶浓度的序列变化和特异性同工酶的升高等肯定性酶学改变可明确诊断为急性心肌梗塞。(8)心血池显像:可用于观察心室壁收缩和舒张的动态影像,对于确定室壁运动及心功能有重要参考价值。辅助检查:普通心电图:大部分冠心病病人,没有症状发作时的心电图都是正常的,或基本正常.所以,心电图正常不能排除冠心病。平板运动试验(心电图运动试验):它诊断冠心病的准确性在70%左右.当然,运动试验有一定风险,有严格的适应证和禁忌症.如急性心肌梗死、不稳定性心绞痛、没有控制的高血压、心力衰竭、急性心肺疾病等属于运动试验的绝对禁忌症。心肌核素灌注扫描(核医学):它诊断冠心病(心绞痛)的准确性也是70%.但确诊心肌梗死的准确性接近100%。冠状动脉CTA:诊断冠心病的准确性达90%以上,可以检测出其他检查无法发现的早期动脉硬化症。动态心电图(Holter):(1)记录各种心律失常;(2)十二导联HOLTER:记录无痛性心肌缺血;比较胸痛时有无S-T段压低,以明确胸痛的性质;(3)胸痛时伴S-T段抬高,有助于确诊冠状动脉痉挛(变异型心绞痛)。超声心动图:是诊断心脏疾病极其有价值的一项检查。(1)确诊或排除多种器质性心脏病(先心病,风心病,心肌病);(2)冠心病心绞痛:绝大多数病人超声心动图是正常的;(3)急性心肌梗死、陈旧性心肌梗死:有明确的室壁运动异常,超声心动图可以确诊这两类疾病。
中医认识:冠心病的中医辨证,可归纳为如下几种型:(1)心阳亏虚型,气滞痰阻气机:表现为胸闷、头痛、心悸、气短、面色苍白或黯滞、肢冷畏寒、自汗、小便清长、大便稀薄、舌胖嫩苔白润、脉缓滑或结代。(2)心阴虚损型,痰阻气机:表现为心悸、心痛、憋气、口干、耳鸣、眩晕、盗汗、夜睡不宁,夜尿多、腰酸腿软、舌嫩红苔薄白或无苔、脉细数而促或细湿而结。(3)寒凝心脉型:卒然心痛如绞,形寒,天气寒冷或迎寒风则心痛易发作或加剧,甚则手足不温,冷汗出,气短心悸,心痛彻背,背痛彻心,脉紧,苔薄白。(4)火邪热结型:心中灼痛,口干,烦躁,气粗,痰稠,或有发热,大便不通,舌红,苔黄或糙,脉数或滑数。(5)气滞心胸型:心胸满闷,隐痛阵阵,痛无定处,时欲太息,遇情怀不畅则诱发、加剧,或可兼有腕胀,得暖气、矢气则舒等症,苔薄或薄腻,脉细弦。(6)痰浊闭阻型:可分为痰饮、痰浊、痰火、风痰等不同症候。痰饮者,胸闷重而心痛轻,遇阴天易作,咳痰,苔白腻或白滑,脉滑;兼湿者,则可见口粘,恶心,纳呆,倦怠,或便软等症。痰浊者,胸闷而兼心痛时作,痰粘苔白腻带干,或淡黄腻,若痰稠,色或黄,大便偏干,苔腻或干,或黄腻,则为痰热。痰火者,胸闷,心胸时作灼痛,痰黄稠厚,心烦,口干,大便干或秘,苔黄腻,脉滑数。风痰者,胸闷时痛,并见舌偏瘫,眩晕,手足颤抖麻木之症,苔腻,脉弦滑。(7)瘀血痹闭型:心胸疼痛较剧,如刺如绞,痛有定处,伴有胸闷,日久不愈,或可由暴怒而致心胸剧痛。苔薄、舌暗红、紫暗或有瘀斑,或舌下血脉青紫,脉弦涩或结代。(8)心气不足型:心胸阵阵隐痛,胸闷气短,动则喘息,心悸且慌,倦怠乏力,或懒言,面色白,或易汗出,舌淡红胖,有齿痕,苔薄,脉虚细缓或结代。
目前治疗冠心病急性发作方法有:1、心绞痛:应立即停止体力活动,就地休息,设法消除寒冷,情绪激动等诱因;立即舌下含化硝酸甘油或消心痛1片,如未缓解,隔5到10分钟再含化一次,连续3次含化无效,胸痛持续15分钟以上者有发生心肌梗塞的可能,应立即送医院等急救场所;可口服安定3毫克,有条件者应吸氧10到30分钟。冠心病病人应随身携带硝酸甘油等药物,一旦出现胸痛立即含服,并注意不要使用失效的药物。稳定型心绞痛在休息和含化硝酸甘油后心绞痛会缓解,不稳定型心绞痛是一个严重而潜在危险的疾病,应立即送医院治疗和严密观察。2、心肌梗塞:急性心肌梗塞死亡率高,其中半数以上病人是在住院前死亡的,大多数死亡发生在发病后1小时内,一般由心室纤颤引起。所以就地急救措施和迅速转送医院至关重要。在高危病人(高血压,糖尿病,既往有心绞痛发作者)中一旦发生以下情况:胸部不适,极度疲劳,呼吸困难,尤其伴有大汗,头昏,心悸,濒死感时,要高度怀疑发生了心肌梗塞,应立即送距离最近的,有条件作心电图,心电监护,直流电除颤,静脉溶栓的医疗机构。同时保持镇静,不要引起病人的惊慌和恐惧,并含化硝酸甘油,或者速效救心丸,冠心舒合丸等,有条件可肌注罂粟碱,或杜冷丁,以及安定,并保持通风和吸氧,如无禁忌症,立即口服阿斯匹林300毫克。如发生室速,室颤等恶性心律失常立即予直流电除颤。一旦发生心脏骤停,应立即人工呼吸和胸外心脏按压进行心肺复苏。3、急性心衰和心源性休克:急性心肌梗塞和缺血型心肌病都可能发生急性心衰,由于大面积心肌坏死所致.多为急性左心衰,患者出现严重呼吸困难,伴烦躁不安,窒息感,面色青灰,口唇紫绀,大汗淋漓,咳嗽,咯大量白色或粉红色泡沫痰,这种情况必须立即送医院抢救。
冠心病的药物、介入、手术搭桥治疗:药物只能控制症状,能稳定冠状动脉里的斑块。心脏冠脉搭桥或介入支架的缺点:冠状动脉腔内成形术(简称PTCA),是治疗冠心病的一种有效方法。该手术将导管插入冠状动脉狭窄或阻塞的病变部位,使球囊扩张,起到扩张血管、改善心肌供血的治疗作用。近10年来,PTCA发展为世界范围内广为接受的常规治疗手段。但也发现接受这种疗法的患者,约有30%到50%在术后半年内冠脉又会发生再狭窄,这已成为严重影响冠心病患者疗效的一大难题.同时,支架在体内断裂的问题也越来越突出,可能会影响到心肌梗死的突然发生。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物及其制备方法,本发明的有益效果是:本发明具有行气化滞和安神养心的功效,兼以活血化瘀、通经络,填补心液、宣散水气、调和中焦、梳理气机的功效,主治气滞心胸型冠心病,具有起效快、有效率高、疗效确切、治疗疗程短、无毒副作用,价格低等优势。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其中,包括以下原料药材:土木香、凤尾七、白前、沙棘、石见穿、绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙、三块瓦、灰叶根、何首乌、桂枝、火索麻、金银花、莪术、血满草、灵芝、山药和锁阳。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香12-22重量份、凤尾七10-30重量份、白前15-25重量份、沙棘9-18重量份、石见穿14-26重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻12-22重量份、化金丹11-17重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦13-24重量份、灰叶根16-35重量份、何首乌12-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-28重量份、灵芝15-35重量份、山药15-25重量份和锁阳14-26重量份。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香14-22重量份、凤尾七15-30重量份、白前15-23重量份、沙棘10-18重量份、石见穿14-25重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻14-22重量份、化金丹12-16重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦14-22重量份、灰叶根17-35重量份、何首乌15-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-26重量份、灵芝15-30重量份、山药15-25重量份和锁阳14-25重量份。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香16重量份、凤尾七24重量份、白前22重量份、沙棘14重量份、石见穿20重量份、绛梨木根33重量份、红升麻21重量份、化金丹14重量份、威灵仙32重量份、三块瓦20重量份、灰叶根35重量份、何首乌22重量份、桂枝15重量份、火索麻17重量份、金银花33重量份、莪术16重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药20重量份和锁阳18重量份。
当所述药物的剂型为粉针剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香18重量份、凤尾七22重量份、白前17重量份、沙棘16重量份、石见穿24重量份、绛梨木根30重量份、红升麻16重量份、化金丹15重量份、威灵仙25重量份、三块瓦18重量份、灰叶根27重量份、何首乌19重量份、桂枝25重量份、火索麻22重量份、金银花34重量份、莪术15重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药23重量份和锁阳22重量份。
当所述药物的剂型为口服液时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙和三块瓦混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为90%~95%的乙醇回流提取2~3次,每次3~5小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.37~1.39的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物5~7倍量水,煮沸4~6小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.32~1.36的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的所述膏体混合,70℃~80℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将第三步获得的所述干膏粉中加入乙醇,得到含醇膏体,所述含醇膏体的含醇量为65%~80%;将所述含醇膏体依次进行冷藏处理、沉淀处理、过滤处理、回收乙醇处理,得到脱醇膏体,其中,冷藏处理时间为24~48小时,冷藏温度为3℃~6℃;
第五步,将所述脱醇膏体中加入蔗糖粉、活性炭,依次进行加热处理、过滤处理、稀释处理,得到半成品;所述脱醇膏体与所述蔗糖粉的重量比为1∶0.2~0.35;所述脱醇膏体与所述活性炭的重量比为1∶0.003~0.005;所述加热处理的时间为70~90分钟,温度为150℃~180℃;
第六步,再将第五步获得的所述半成品依次进行过滤处理、灌封处理、灭菌处理,即得所述药物口服液成品。
进一步地优选,所述药物还包括以下原料药材:地筋、蜀葵花、马鬃参、没药、蘡薁根和睡菜。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香12-22重量份、凤尾七10-30重量份、白前15-25重量份、沙棘9-18重量份、石见穿14-26重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻12-22重量份、化金丹11-17重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦13-24重量份、灰叶根16-35重量份、何首乌12-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-28重量份、灵芝15-35重量份、山药15-25重量份、锁阳14-26重量份、地筋12-20重量份、蜀葵花15-35重量份、马鬃参11-21重量份、没药9-18重量份、蘡薁根10-15重量份和睡菜12-24重量份。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香18重量份、凤尾七22重量份、白前17重量份、沙棘16重量份、石见穿24重量份、绛梨木根30重量份、红升麻16重量份、化金丹15重量份、威灵仙25重量份、三块瓦18重量份、灰叶根27重量份、何首乌19重量份、桂枝25重量份、火索麻22重量份、金银花34重量份、莪术15重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药23重量份、锁阳22重量份、地筋12重量份、蜀葵花25重量份、马鬃参13重量份、没药16重量份、蘡薁根11重量份和睡菜22重量份。
当所述药物的剂型为糖浆剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将何首乌、桂枝、火索麻、金银花、莪术、血满草和灵芝按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物质量4~6倍的醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇,加热回流提取2~4次,每次回流提取2小时~3小时,合并提取液,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于60℃~70℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的药液,将浓缩后的浓缩液用喷雾干燥器干燥,随后粉碎成100~200目,获得干粉;
第二步,将凤尾七、白前、沙棘、石见穿和绛梨木根按所述比例混合,粉碎成粉末,用醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇作为溶剂,浸渍48小时~72小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.25~1.27的膏体,用喷雾干燥器干燥,随后粉碎成100~200目,获得干粉,所加入的乙醇的质量是第二步混合物质量的3~5倍;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物质量4~6倍量醇浓度为70%~80%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次1小时~3小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的膏体,于55℃~65℃减压真空干燥,得干粉;
第四步,将第一步至第三步获得的干粉混合,加相对于混合物质量3~5倍的水溶解,用40%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.0,随后加相对于混合物质量的0.30~0.60倍的蔗糖、0.001~0.003倍的山梨酸钾混合均匀,即得糖浆剂。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的有益效果是:本发明具有行气化滞和安神养心的功效,兼以活血化瘀、通经络,填补心液、宣散水气、调和中焦、梳理气机的功效,主治气滞心胸型冠心病,具有起效快、有效率高、疗效确切、治疗疗程短、无毒副作用,价格低等优势。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,本发明遵循行气化滞和安神养心的治疗原则,兼有活血化瘀、通经络,填补心液、宣散水气、调和中焦、梳理气机的功效,其中,包括以下原料药材:土木香、凤尾七、白前、沙棘、石见穿、绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙、三块瓦、灰叶根、何首乌、桂枝、火索麻、金银花、莪术、血满草、灵芝、山药、锁阳;优选地,药物中还包括以下原料:地筋、蜀葵花、马鬃参、没药、蘡薁根和睡菜。
其中,上述原料药材的药理如下:
没药:出处:《药性论》。性味:苦,平。①《药性论》:"味苦辛。"②《海药本草》:"味苦辛,温,无毒。"③《开宝本草》:"味苦,平,无毒。"归经:入肝经。①《本草经疏》:"入足厥阴经。"②《本草新编》:"入脾、肾二经。"③《本草求真》:"入心、肝。"主治:散血去瘀,消肿定痛。治跌损,金疮,筋骨,心腹诸痛,症瘕,经闭,痈疽肿痛,痔漏,目障,
马鬃参:性味:甘、苦,温。主治:健脾除湿,通经活络。主治小儿乳毒腹泻,风湿痛,跌打损伤。
山药:性味:甘,平。归经:归脾、肺、肾经。主治:补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚喘咳,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。麸炒山药补脾健胃。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,白带过多。主治:健脾,补肺,固肾,益精。治脾虚泄泻,久痢,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精、带下,小便频数。《药性论》:"补五劳七伤,去冷风,止腰痛,镇心神,补心气不足,患人体虚羸,加而用之。"
灵芝:性味:甘,平。归经:归心、肺、肝、肾经。主治:补气安神,止咳平喘。用于眩晕不眠,心悸气短,虚劳咳喘。
蜀葵花:出处:《千金·食治》。性味:甘,寒。①《别录》:"味咸,无毒。"②《千金·食治》:"味甘,微寒滑,无毒。"主治:和血润燥,通利二便。治痢疾,吐血,血崩,带下,二便不通,疟疾,小儿风疹。①《别录》:"主理心气不足。"②《千金·食治》:"定心气。"③《本草拾遗》:"治小儿风疹。花有五色,白者疗痢疾,去邪气,阴干末食之。"④《尔雅翼》:"敷疮肿。"⑤《珍珠囊》:"治带下。赤治赤(带),白治白(带)。"⑥《纲目》:"治带下,目中溜火,和血润燥,通窍,利大、小肠。"⑦《分类草药性》:"治红崩,吐血。红、白、淡三种,白治带症。"⑧《重庆草药》:"和血,润肠,除邪热。治倒经,热毒燥结。"
地筋:出处:《别录》。性味:甘,寒。①《别录》:"味甘,平,无毒。"②《本草求原》:"甘,寒。"主治:清热止渴,祛风除湿。治热病消溺,咳嗽,吐泻,关节疼痛。
金银花:性味:甘,寒。归经:归肺、心、胃经。主治:清热解毒,凉散风热。用于痈肿疔疮,喉痹,丹毒,热毒血痢,风热感冒,温病发热。
锁阳:性味:甘,温。归经:归脾、肾、大肠经。主治:补肾阳,益精血,润肠通便。用于腰膝痿软,阳痿滑精,肠燥便秘。
桂枝:性味:辛、甘,温。归经:归心、肺、膀胱经。主治:发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。
何首乌:出处:《日华子本草》。性味:苦甘涩,微温。①《何首乌录》:"味甘,温,无毒。"②《开宝本草》:"味苦涩,微温,无毒。"③《本草汇言》:"生用气寒,性敛,有毒;制熟气温,无毒。"归经:入肝、肾经。①《纲目》:"足厥阴、少阴。"②《本草经解》:"入足少阳胆经、手少阳三焦经、手少阴心经、足少阴肾经。"③《本草再新》:"入脾、肺、肾三经。"主治:补肝,益肾,养血,祛风。治肝肾阴亏,发须早白,血虚头晕,腰膝软弱,筋骨酸痛,遗精,崩带,久疟,久痢,慢性肝炎,痈肿,瘰疬,肠风,痔疾。制首乌补肝肾,益精血,乌须发,壮筋骨;用于眩晕耳鸣、须发早白、腰膝酸软、肢体麻木、神经衰弱、高血脂症。
蘡薁根:出处:《纲目》。性味:①《纲目》:"甘,平,无毒。"②《福建中草药》:"微甘辛,平。"主治:清湿热,消肿毒。治黄疸,湿痹,热淋,痢疾,肿毒,瘰疬,跌打损伤。①《纲目》:"治下焦热痛淋闷,消肿毒。"②《民间常用草药汇编》:"治胃痛,疗痔疮,通经利尿。"③《贵州民间方药集》:"消肿,消膨胀。外用于跌打损伤,治筋骨疼痛,接骨。"④《福建中草药》:"通经络,祛风湿。"
威灵仙:性味:辛、咸,温。归经:归膀胱经。主治:祛风除湿,通络止痛。用于风湿痹痛,肢体麻木,筋脉拘挛,屈伸不利,骨哽咽喉。
血满草:出处:《云南中草药》。性味:辛甘,温。①《云南中草药》:"辛,温。"②《西藏常用中草药》:"甘淡,平。"③《昆明民间常用草药》:"酸涩,平。"主治:祛风,利水,散瘀,通络。治急、慢性肾炎,风湿疼痛,风疹瘙痒,小儿麻痹后遗症,扭伤,骨折
红升麻:性味:辛、苦,温。主治:散瘀止痛,祛风除湿。用于跌打损伤,手术后疼痛,风湿关节痛,毒蛇咬伤。
石见穿:出处:出自《纲目》。性味:味辛;苦;性微寒。归经:归肝;脾经。主治:活血化瘀;清热利湿;散结消肿。主月经不调;痛经;经闭;崩漏,便血;湿热黄疸;热热毒血痢;淋痛;带下;风湿骨痛;瘰疬;疮肿;乳痈;带状疱疹;麻风;跌打伤肿。
凤尾七:性味:甘、微苦、涩,温。主治:补血调经,养阴。用于月经不调,阴虚潮热,头晕目眩,妇女虚劳。
睡菜:性味:甘、苦,凉。主治:清热利尿,健胃,安神。用于胃炎,消化不良,胆囊炎,黄疸,高血压,心悸,失眠。
沙棘:性味:酸、涩,温。主治:止咳祛痰,消食化滞,活血散瘀。用于咳嗽痰多,消化不良,食积腹痛,瘀血经闭,跌扑瘀肿。
化金丹:出处:《贵州草药》。性味:性温,味辛涩。主治:化滞,止痛。
白前:性味:辛、苦,微温。归经:归肺经。主治:降气,消痰,止咳。用于肺气壅实,咳嗽痰多,胸满喘急。
火索麻:性味:辛、微苦,温。主治:解表,理气止痛。用于感冒发热,慢性胃炎,胃溃疡,肠梗阻。
三块瓦:出处:《四川中药志》。性味:《四川中药志》:"性平,味酸微辛,无毒。"主治:清热利尿,散瘀消肿。治肾炎血尿,疖肿,鹅口疮,跌打损伤。①《四川中药志》:"利小便,解烦热。治眼目肿痛及小儿鹅口疮。"②《陕西中草药》:"行气养血,消肿散瘀。治贫血,跌打损伤,疖肿。"
莪术:性味:辛、苦,温。归经:归肝、脾经。主治:行气破血,消积止痛。用于燀瘕痞块,瘀血经闭,食积胀痛;早期宫颈癌。
灰叶根:出处:广州部队《常用中草药手册》。性味:微苦,凉。主治:清热消滞。治胃肠气胀,消化不良,胃炎疼痛。
土木香:性味:辛、苦,温。归经:归肝、脾经。主治:健脾和胃,调气解郁,止痛安胎。用于胸胁、脘腹胀痛,呕吐泻痢,胸胁挫伤,岔气作痛,胎动不安。
绛梨木根:出处:《重庆草药》。性味:苦,寒。①《贵阳民间药草》:"苦,寒。"②《贵州草药》:"涩微苦,平。"主治:消食,行水,去痪。治食积饱胀,水肿臌胀,月经停闭。①《分类草药性》:"治黄肿病,酒疾,心膨胀,酒炒合叶用。"②《四川中药志》:"消食顺气,治胸前饱胀及停积。"③《贵州草药》:"利水行气,消积通便,清热止咳。"
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香12-22重量份、凤尾七10-30重量份、白前15-25重量份、沙棘9-18重量份、石见穿14-26重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻12-22重量份、化金丹11-17重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦13-24重量份、灰叶根16-35重量份、何首乌12-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-28重量份、灵芝15-35重量份、山药15-25重量份和锁阳14-26重量份。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香14-22重量份、凤尾七15-30重量份、白前15-23重量份、沙棘10-18重量份、石见穿14-25重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻14-22重量份、化金丹12-16重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦14-22重量份、灰叶根17-35重量份、何首乌15-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-26重量份、灵芝15-30重量份、山药15-25重量份和锁阳14-25重量份。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香16重量份、凤尾七24重量份、白前22重量份、沙棘14重量份、石见穿20重量份、绛梨木根33重量份、红升麻21重量份、化金丹14重量份、威灵仙32重量份、三块瓦20重量份、灰叶根35重量份、何首乌22重量份、桂枝15重量份、火索麻17重量份、金银花33重量份、莪术16重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药20重量份和锁阳18重量份。
当所述药物的剂型为粉针剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香18重量份、凤尾七22重量份、白前17重量份、沙棘16重量份、石见穿24重量份、绛梨木根30重量份、红升麻16重量份、化金丹15重量份、威灵仙25重量份、三块瓦18重量份、灰叶根27重量份、何首乌19重量份、桂枝25重量份、火索麻22重量份、金银花34重量份、莪术15重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药23重量份和锁阳22重量份。
当所述药物的剂型为口服液时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙和三块瓦混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为90%~95%的乙醇回流提取2~3次,每次3~5小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.37~1.39的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物5~7倍量水,煮沸4~6小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.32~1.36的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的所述膏体混合,70℃~80℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将第三步获得的所述干膏粉中加入乙醇,得到含醇膏体,所述含醇膏体的含醇量为65%~80%;将所述含醇膏体依次进行冷藏处理、沉淀处理、过滤处理、回收乙醇处理,得到脱醇膏体,其中,冷藏处理时间为24~48小时,冷藏温度为3℃~6℃;
第五步,将所述脱醇膏体中加入蔗糖粉、活性炭,依次进行加热处理、过滤处理、稀释处理,得到半成品;所述脱醇膏体与所述蔗糖粉的重量比为1∶0.2~0.35;所述脱醇膏体与所述活性炭的重量比为1∶0.003~0.005;所述加热处理的时间为70~90分钟,温度为150℃~180℃;
第六步,再将第五步获得的所述半成品依次进行过滤处理、灌封处理、灭菌处理,即得所述药物口服液成品。
进一步地优选,所述药物还包括以下原料药材:地筋、蜀葵花、马鬃参、没药、蘡薁根和睡菜。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香12-22重量份、凤尾七10-30重量份、白前15-25重量份、沙棘9-18重量份、石见穿14-26重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻12-22重量份、化金丹11-17重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦13-24重量份、灰叶根16-35重量份、何首乌12-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-28重量份、灵芝15-35重量份、山药15-25重量份、锁阳14-26重量份、地筋12-20重量份、蜀葵花15-35重量份、马鬃参11-21重量份、没药9-18重量份、蘡薁根10-15重量份和睡菜12-24重量份。
所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香18重量份、凤尾七22重量份、白前17重量份、沙棘16重量份、石见穿24重量份、绛梨木根30重量份、红升麻16重量份、化金丹15重量份、威灵仙25重量份、三块瓦18重量份、灰叶根27重量份、何首乌19重量份、桂枝25重量份、火索麻22重量份、金银花34重量份、莪术15重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药23重量份、锁阳22重量份、地筋12重量份、蜀葵花25重量份、马鬃参13重量份、没药16重量份、蘡薁根11重量份和睡菜22重量份。
当所述药物的剂型为糖浆剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将何首乌、桂枝、火索麻、金银花、莪术、血满草和灵芝按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物质量4~6倍的醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇,加热回流提取2~4次,每次回流提取2小时~3小时,合并提取液,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于60℃~70℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的药液,将浓缩后的浓缩液用喷雾干燥器干燥,随后粉碎成100~200目,获得干粉;
第二步,将凤尾七、白前、沙棘、石见穿和绛梨木根按所述比例混合,粉碎成粉末,用醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇作为溶剂,浸渍48小时~72小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.25~1.27的膏体,用喷雾干燥器干燥,随后粉碎成100~200目,获得干粉,所加入的乙醇的质量是第二步混合物质量的3~5倍;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物质量4~6倍量醇浓度为70%~80%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次1小时~3小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的膏体,于55℃~65℃减压真空干燥,得干粉;
第四步,将第一步至第三步获得的干粉混合,加相对于混合物质量3~5倍的水溶解,用40%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.0,随后加相对于混合物质量的0.30~0.60倍的蔗糖、0.001~0.003倍的山梨酸钾混合均匀,即得糖浆剂。
实施例1粉针剂
本发明粉针剂的制作过程为:取土木香160g、凤尾七240g、白前220g、沙棘140g、石见穿200g、绛梨木根330g、红升麻210g、化金丹140g、威灵仙320g、三块瓦200g、灰叶根350g、何首乌220g、桂枝150g、火索麻170g、金银花330g、莪术160g、血满草240g、灵芝300g、山药200g和锁阳180g;
其中,当药物的剂型为粉针剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量4倍的醇浓度为85%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在8℃的条件下静置32小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎50分钟,获得0.7μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料15g,加入丙二醇40g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌40分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
实施例2口服液
本发明的口服液的制作过程为:取土木香180g、凤尾七220g、白前170g、沙棘160g、石见穿240g、绛梨木根300g、红升麻160g、化金丹150g、威灵仙250g、三块瓦180g、灰叶根270g、何首乌190g、桂枝250g、火索麻220g、金银花340g、莪术150g、血满草240g、灵芝300g、山药230g和锁阳220g;
其中,当药物的剂型为口服液时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙和三块瓦混合,加相对于混合物7倍量醇浓度为90%的乙醇回流提取2.5次,每次4小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.38的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物6倍量水,煮沸5小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.35的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的所述膏体混合,75℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将第三步获得的所述干膏粉中加入乙醇,得到含醇膏体,所述含醇膏体的含醇量为70%;将所述含醇膏体依次进行冷藏处理、沉淀处理、过滤处理、回收乙醇处理,得到脱醇膏体,其中,冷藏处理时间为32小时,冷藏温度为5℃;
第五步,将所述脱醇膏体中加入蔗糖粉、活性炭,依次进行加热处理、过滤处理、稀释处理,得到半成品;所述脱醇膏体与所述蔗糖粉的重量比为1∶0.3;所述脱醇膏体与所述活性炭的重量比为1∶0.004;所述加热处理的时间为80分钟,温度为170℃;
第六步,再将第五步获得的所述半成品依次进行过滤处理、灌封处理、灭菌处理,即得所述药物口服液成品。
实施例3糖浆剂
本发明糖浆剂的制作过程为:取土木香180g、凤尾七220g、白前170g、沙棘160g、石见穿240g、绛梨木根300g、红升麻160g、化金丹150g、威灵仙250g、三块瓦180g、灰叶根270g、何首乌190g、桂枝250g、火索麻220g、金银花340g、莪术150g、血满草240g、灵芝300g、山药230g、锁阳220g、地筋120g、蜀葵花250g、马鬃参130g、没药160g、蘡薁根110g和睡菜220g;
其中,当药物的剂型为糖浆剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将何首乌、桂枝、火索麻、金银花、莪术、血满草和灵芝按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物质量5倍的醇浓度为85%的乙醇,加热回流提取3次,每次回流提取3小时,合并提取液,用管式离心机离心除杂,将除杂后的提取液于65℃的条件下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.07的药液,将浓缩后的浓缩液用喷雾干燥器干燥,随后粉碎成150目,获得干粉;
第二步,将凤尾七、白前、沙棘、石见穿和绛梨木根按所述比例混合,粉碎成粉末,用醇浓度为90%的乙醇作为溶剂,浸渍50小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1.5ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.27的膏体,用喷雾干燥器干燥,随后粉碎成150目,获得干粉,所加入的乙醇的质量是第二步混合物质量的4倍;
第三步,将剩余原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物质量5倍的醇浓度为80%的乙醇回流提取3次,每次2小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.21的膏体,于60℃减压真空干燥,得干粉;
第四步,将第一步至第三步获得的干粉混合,加相对于混合物质量4倍的水溶解,用40%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.0,随后加相对于混合物质量的0.4倍的蔗糖、0.002倍的山梨酸钾混合均匀,即得糖浆剂。
急性毒性试验:应用NIH小鼠40只,SPF级,雌雄各半,体重18~25g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,每组20只,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食12小时;将本发明的实施例3制备的糖浆剂溶解在水中,(浓度为5.74g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为5ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为28.7生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。小鼠口服灌胃本发明的糖浆剂LD50>28.7生药/kg,每日最大给药量为57.4生药/kg/日。本发明的药物临床用药量为4.6g生药/日/人,成人体重以60KG计,平均用药剂量为0.077g生药/kg/日。按体重计:小鼠(平均体重以21g计)口服灌胃本发明的药物的耐受量为临床用量的745倍。因此本发明的药物急性毒性低,临床用药安全。
长期毒性实验:将本发明实施例2的口服液对小鼠按6.43、15.72和36.41g生药/kg连续用药16周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药4周后,结果表明:本发明药物对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药16周及停药4周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明药物对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
注射剂毒性试验:
(1)动物选择
清洁级昆明小鼠40只,雌雄各半,体重18~22g;实验室观察1周,每次给药前禁食4h,不禁水。
(2)试验分组
将以上清洁级昆明小鼠实验室观察1周,将临床观察结果健康的清洁级昆明小鼠随机分为两组,每组20只(雌雄各半)。其中一组设定为实验组,另一组设定为对照组。
(3)给药方法及剂量
小鼠尾静脉注射,实验组以本发明实施例1的最大(原)浓度和最大体积24h内连续给药3次,给以0.6ml/20g(小鼠体重)药物,即24h内小鼠尾静脉注射实施例1的注射液1.8g(生药量)/20g(小鼠体重);对照组给相同体积的注射用生理盐水。
(4)观察方法及指标
给药前称量动物体重并观察动物采食及饮水状况;给药后每天在相同时间称量动物体重、采食量以及异常毒性症状,连续观察14d。观察指标如下:①行动,如不安定、多动、发声;②神经系统反应,如举尾、振颤、痉挛、运动失调、姿态异常;③自主神经系统反应,如眼球突出、流涎、流泪、排尿、下泻、竖毛、皮肤变色、呼吸异常;④饮水及食欲变化、大小便及其颜色,鼻、眼、口腔是否有无异常分泌物,体重变化;⑤死亡情况。
(5)实验结果
通过14d的观察,两组均没有异常毒性反应出现,也没有出现动物死亡的的现象。因此,本发明实施例1的注射剂无毒副作用。
临床资料:
病例选择:取来源于本院2012年9月-2013年9月期间200例气滞心胸型冠心病患者,其中男107例,女93例;年龄41~73岁,平均年龄60.7±2.3岁,心肌梗塞61例,心绞痛76例,心律失常、心脏供血不足63例,全部病例均经静息心电图、运动平板心电图和24小时动态心电图、CT、冠脉造影检查确诊。200例患者随机分为粉针剂治疗组、口服液治疗组、糖浆剂治疗组和对照组,每个实验组50人,每个实验组在年龄、性别差异无统计学意义。
诊断标准:
1、心梗塞:心电图的肯定性改变是出现异常、持久的Q波或QS波以及持续1天以上的演进行损伤电流。
2、心绞痛:心绞痛,静息电图约半数以上可正常,心绞痛发作时以R波为主的导联,可出现ST段水平或下垂型压低,伴或不伴有T波,平坦、双向或倒置,变异型心绞痛发作时可见ST段高,必要时做心电图负荷试验,放射性核素心肌显影及冠状动脉造影。
3、心律失常、心脏供血不足:包括过早搏动心电图、阵发性室上性心动过速、心房颤动、缓慢型心律失常心电图、心脏供血不足心电图。
再参照《中医诊断学》、《中医症候鉴别诊断学》,主症:心胸满闷,隐痛阵阵,痛无定处,时欲太息,遇情怀不畅则诱发、加剧,或可兼有腕胀,得暖气、矢气则舒等症状,苔薄或薄腻,脉细弦。根据中医望、闻、问、切进一步确诊为气滞心胸型冠心病。
治疗方法:药物治疗组中:
粉针剂治疗组:使用本发明实施例1制备的粉针剂静脉滴注,用适量注射用水充分溶解,再用5%葡萄糖注射液500ml稀释,每日1次,每次每公斤体重30mg,每30天为1个疗程;
口服液治疗组:使用本发明实施例2制备的口服液,每日3次,30ml/次,每30天为一个疗程;
糖浆剂治疗组:服用本发明实施例3制备的糖浆剂,每日3次,每次按体重15mg/kg,每30天为一个疗程。
对照组:服用振源胶囊,每日3次,2粒/次,每30天为一个疗程。
疗效评价标准:
1、心梗塞:
治愈:心电图正常,无任何临床症状,跟踪3-7年未见复发;
显效:心电图正常,无任何临床症状,3年内有反弹现象;
好转:心电图好转,症状明显减轻;
无效:心电图无改变,但症状减轻。
2、心绞痛:
治愈:心电图正常,无任何临床症状,跟踪3-7年未见复发;
显效:心电图正常,无任何临床症状,3年内有反弹现象;
好转:心电图好转,症状明显减轻;
无效:心电图无改变,但症状减轻。
3、心律失常、心脏供血不足:
治愈:心电图正常,无任何临床症状,跟踪3-7年未见复发;
显效:心电图正常,无任何临床症状,3年内有反弹现象;
好转:心电图好转,症状明显减轻;
无效:心电图无改变,但症状减轻。
治疗结果:
参见表1和表2,从表1可以看出,采用本发明的药物治疗气滞心胸型冠心病,相对于传统药物在治疗效果上,具有显著的改进;从表2可以看出,采用本发明的药物治疗气滞心胸型冠心病,相对于传统药物,在治疗疗程上显著缩短。
表1各组分别治疗4个疗程后临床疗效比较例
组别 | 例数 | 治愈数 | 显效数 | 好转数 | 无效数 | 总有效率(%) |
粉针剂治疗组 | 50 | 25 | 18 | 6 | 1 | 98% |
口服液治疗组 | 50 | 25 | 20 | 4 | 1 | 98% |
糖浆剂治疗组 | 50 | 30 | 17 | 3 | 0 | 100% |
对照组 | 50 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 14 | 72% |
表2四组分别治疗4个疗程后治愈、显效和好转人数和时间比较例(%)
组别 | 例数 | 第1个疗程 | 第2个疗程 | 第3个疗程 | 第4个疗程 |
粉针剂治疗组 | 49 | 10(20.4%) | 12(24.5%) | 13(26.5%) | 14(28.6%) |
口服液治疗组 | 49 | 10(20.4%) | 12(24.5%) | 13(26.5%) | 14(28.6%) |
糖浆剂治疗组 | 50 | 11(22%) | 12(24%) | 13(26%) | 14(28%) |
对照组 | 36 | 6(16.7%) | 9(25%) | 10(27.8%) | 11(30.6%) |
根据上述表格内的临床统计可知,本发明提供的药物具有起效快、有效率高、疗效确切、安全性高、无毒副作用;同时对治疗组治愈、显效和好转人数的148例以及对照组治愈、显效和好转的36例患者随访1年半,结果统计,粉针剂治疗组49例中治愈25例和显效18例都无复发,好转的6例中复发1例,复发率为2%;口服液治疗组49例中治愈25例、显效20例和好转的4例均无复发,复发率为0%;糖浆剂治疗组50例中治愈30例、显效17例和好转的3例都无复发,复发率为0%;对照组治愈、显效和好转人数36例,治愈的7例患者中复发4例,显效的11例患者中复发6例,好转的18例中复发13例,复发率63.9%;上述复发是指患者治疗效果达到治愈、显效或好转后,在随访的1年半中不再有复发现象。
典型病例:李某,男性,55岁,心前痛、心胸满闷,隐痛阵阵已经两个月,另外还伴有腕胀,得暖气、矢气则舒,苔薄或薄腻,脉细弦等症状,经心电图检查结果为,阵发性室上性心动过速、心房颤动、缓慢型心律失常心电图、心脏供血不足心电图,初步确诊为冠心病,经初步检查和中医望、闻、问、切进一步确诊为气滞心胸型冠心病。使用本发明药物实施例1制备的粉针剂静脉滴注,用药半月基本治愈,继续用药一个疗程治愈,随访1年半未复发。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,包括以下原料药材:土木香、凤尾七、白前、沙棘、石见穿、绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙、三块瓦、灰叶根、何首乌、桂枝、火索麻、金银花、莪术、血满草、灵芝、山药和锁阳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香12-22重量份、凤尾七10-30重量份、白前15-25重量份、沙棘9-18重量份、石见穿14-26重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻12-22重量份、化金丹11-17重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦13-24重量份、灰叶根16-35重量份、何首乌12-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-28重量份、灵芝15-35重量份、山药15-25重量份和锁阳14-26重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香14-22重量份、凤尾七15-30重量份、白前15-23重量份、沙棘10-18重量份、石见穿14-25重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻14-22重量份、化金丹12-16重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦14-22重量份、灰叶根17-35重量份、何首乌15-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-26重量份、灵芝15-30重量份、山药15-25重量份和锁阳14-25重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香16重量份、凤尾七24重量份、白前22重量份、沙棘14重量份、石见穿20重量份、绛梨木根33重量份、红升麻21重量份、化金丹14重量份、威灵仙32重量份、三块瓦20重量份、灰叶根35重量份、何首乌22重量份、桂枝15重量份、火索麻17重量份、金银花33重量份、莪术16重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药20重量份和锁阳18重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香18重量份、凤尾七22重量份、白前17重量份、沙棘16重量份、石见穿24重量份、绛梨木根30重量份、红升麻16重量份、化金丹15重量份、威灵仙25重量份、三块瓦18重量份、灰叶根27重量份、何首乌19重量份、桂枝25重量份、火索麻22重量份、金银花34重量份、莪术15重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药23重量份和锁阳22重量份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物还包括以下原料药材:地筋、蜀葵花、马鬃参、没药、蘡薁根和睡菜。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香12-22重量份、凤尾七10-30重量份、白前15-25重量份、沙棘9-18重量份、石见穿14-26重量份、绛梨木根15-35重量份、红升麻12-22重量份、化金丹11-17重量份、威灵仙15-35重量份、三块瓦13-24重量份、灰叶根16-35重量份、何首乌12-22重量份、桂枝10-30重量份、火索麻15-25重量份、金银花15-35重量份、莪术10-20重量份、血满草14-28重量份、灵芝15-35重量份、山药15-25重量份、锁阳14-26重量份、地筋12-20重量份、蜀葵花15-35重量份、马鬃参11-21重量份、没药9-18重量份、蘡薁根10-15重量份和睡菜12-24重量份。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:土木香18重量份、凤尾七22重量份、白前17重量份、沙棘16重量份、石见穿24重量份、绛梨木根30重量份、红升麻16重量份、化金丹15重量份、威灵仙25重量份、三块瓦18重量份、灰叶根27重量份、何首乌19重量份、桂枝25重量份、火索麻22重量份、金银花34重量份、莪术15重量份、血满草24重量份、灵芝30重量份、山药23重量份、锁阳22重量份、地筋12重量份、蜀葵花25重量份、马鬃参13重量份、没药16重量份、蘡薁根11重量份和睡菜22重量份。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述药物的剂型为粉针剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
10.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的治疗气滞心胸型冠心病的药物的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述药物的剂型为口服液时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将绛梨木根、红升麻、化金丹、威灵仙和三块瓦混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为90%~95%的乙醇回流提取2~3次,每次3~5小时,分别过滤,各次滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.37~1.39的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物5~7倍量水,煮沸4~6小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.32~1.36的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的所述膏体混合,70℃~80℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将第三步获得的所述干膏粉中加入乙醇,得到含醇膏体,所述含醇膏体的含醇量为65%~80%;将所述含醇膏体依次进行冷藏处理、沉淀处理、过滤处理、回收乙醇处理,得到脱醇膏体,其中,冷藏处理时间为24~48小时,冷藏温度为3℃~6℃;
第五步,将所述脱醇膏体中加入蔗糖粉、活性炭,依次进行加热处理、过滤处理、稀释处理,得到半成品;所述脱醇膏体与所述蔗糖粉的重量比为1∶0.2~0.35;所述脱醇膏体与所述活性炭的重量比为1∶0.003~0.005;所述加热处理的时间为70~90分钟,温度为150℃~180℃;
第六步,再将第五步获得的所述半成品依次进行过滤处理、灌封处理、灭菌处理,即得所述药物口服液成品。
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