CN105646813B - 一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于阻燃高分子材料领域,涉及一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂及其制备方法。所述阻燃剂为含有溴、磷和氮三种阻燃元素的四溴邻苯二甲酸(2‑羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单‑2‑乙酯,具体制备步骤为,首先向反应容器中加入反应物四溴苯酐、N,N‑二(2‑羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯和溶剂;搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,在搅拌条件下升温至60‑120℃,反应2‑12小时,合成TBPAHM;反应结束后,降温至50℃以下,过滤,蒸馏回收溶剂,得到粘稠状的TBPAHM。本发明合成工艺简单、产物只需要过滤,蒸馏回收溶剂,即可直接使用,适合工业化生产,且在聚氨酯泡沫材料中应用具有较好的阻燃效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于阻燃高分子材料领域,涉及一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)材料包括硬质泡沫材料、软质泡沫材料、人造革、弹性体和涂料,广泛应用于建筑材料外墙保温、家电、家具和车辆装饰等领域。PU材料,尤其是PU泡沫塑料分子链碳氢比例较高、比表面积大、气体渗透性好,燃烧时会加快燃烧速度和质量的散失,其极限氧指数(LOI)在16%-18%之间,属于易燃材料,并且在燃烧过程中放出HCN、CO等有毒气体。因此,开展聚氨酯材料,尤其是聚氨酯泡沫材料的阻燃技术研究具有十分重要的现实意义。
聚氨酯材料所用的阻燃剂分为添加型阻燃剂和反应型阻燃剂两大类。添加型阻燃剂因为良好的阻燃效果和相对简单的生产工艺已被大量应用于聚氨酯阻燃的实际生产中,但其添加量较大、易析出和产品性能下降等问题制约其进一步的应用。反应型阻燃剂因在聚氨酯原料异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇中引入磷、卤等阻燃元素,使聚氨酯复合材料具有较好的阻燃性能和力学性能。专利文献公开的反应型阻燃剂多为单一阻燃元素,如CN101899160A一种低聚磷酸酯多元醇的制备方法,CN105175702A一种用于制备聚氨酯的二元醇的制备方法和应用,CN103965432A一种无卤含磷阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法,CN104592549A一种含磷反应型阻燃剂、合成方法及其应用,CN103429646A用于软质聚氨酯泡沫的反应性阻燃剂共混物等;也有少量含有两种阻燃元素的反应型阻燃剂,如CN103382393A一类含氮、磷液态反应型阻燃剂及其制备方法,CN105175737A一种用于阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的协效多元醇的制备方法,CN105175710A一种制备聚氨酯的多元协同阻燃聚合物多元醇的制备方法和应用。阻燃元素单一,对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃效果有限,复合阻燃剂多种阻燃元素协同作用无从发挥,而同时含有多种阻燃元素的反应型阻燃剂很少报道。
发明内容
本发明设计了并合成了一种反应型阻燃剂四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯(TBPAHM),该阻燃剂同时包含了溴、氮、磷三种阻燃元素,在聚氨酯泡沫材料中应用具有较好的阻燃效果。
为实现本发明目的,技术方案如下:
一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂,所述阻燃剂为含有溴、磷和氮三种阻燃元素的四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯,所述四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯的化学式为:
。
一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)向反应容器中加入反应物四溴苯酐、N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯(FRC-6)和溶剂;搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,在搅拌条件下升温至60-120℃,反应2-12小时,合成四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯;
(2)反应结束后,降温至50℃以下,过滤,蒸馏回收甲苯,得到粘稠状的四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯产品。
所述反应物四溴苯酐:N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯(FRC-6)的质量比为3.6:1-0.9:1。
所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷或乙酸乙酯中的一种。
所述反应物用量不超过反应容器的1/3。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)通过本发明合成的反应型阻燃剂四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯(TBPAHM)同时包含了溴、氮、磷三种阻燃元素,适用于聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料等聚氨酯材料;
(2)本发明合成工艺简单、产物只需要过滤,蒸馏回收溶剂,即可直接使用,适合工业化生产,且在聚氨酯泡沫材料中应用具有较好的阻燃效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中合成产物四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯(TBPAHM)的FTIR图。
图2为实施例1中合成产物四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯(TBPAHM)的NMR图。
图3为实施例2中合成产物四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯(TBPAHM)的高效液相色谱图。
具体实施方式
一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂,所述阻燃剂为含有溴、磷和氮三种阻燃元素的四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯,所述四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯的化学式为:
。
一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)向反应容器中加入反应物四溴苯酐、N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯(FRC-6)和溶剂;搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,搅拌条件下升温至60-120℃,反应2-12小时,合成四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯;
(2)反应结束后,降温至50℃以下,过滤,蒸馏回收溶剂,得到粘稠状的四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯产品。
所述反应物四溴苯酐:N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯(FRC-6)的质量比为3.6:1-0.9:1。
所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷或乙酸乙酯中的一种。
所述反应物用量不超过反应容器的1/3。
具体实施方式
实施例1
向装有搅拌器、冷凝管和温度计的500mL四颈烧瓶中,依次加入100g四溴苯酐、50gFRC-6和50mL苯,开动搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,升温至80℃,恒温条件下反应10h。降温至20℃,过滤,蒸馏回收苯,得到粘稠状的TBPAHM产品,采用美国赛默飞世尔的NICOLETIS10傅里叶红外光谱仪检测,该产品的FTIR如图1所示。红外光谱图中主要吸收峰对应的官能团振动分别为:3364cm-1(v-OH),2981 cm-1 (VS-CH3),2906 cm-1 (V-P-CH2), 1736 (V-C=O) cm-1,1620 cm-1、1532 cm-1、1508 cm-1(苯环六取代),1316 cm-1(V-CH3),1370 cm-1 (V-P=O),1235 cm-1 (V-C-O),1162 cm-1 (V-C-N),1017 cm-1 (V-P-O),627 cm-1 (V-C-Br)。采用美国安捷伦公司的Agilent 400MR核磁共振波谱仪检测,该产品的NMR如图2所示。
实施例2
向装有搅拌器、冷凝管和温度计的500mL四颈烧瓶中,依次加入90g四溴苯酐、60gFRC-6和100mL甲苯,开动搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,升温至95℃,恒温条件下反应8h。降温至25℃,过滤,蒸馏回收甲苯,得到粘稠状的TBPAHM产品,TBPAHM的含量为88.3%,采用美国沃特斯公司的LC-1525高效液相色谱仪检测,该产品高效液相色谱图如图3所示。
实施例3
向装有搅拌器、冷凝管和温度计的500mL四颈烧瓶中,依次加入180g四溴苯酐、200gFRC-6和160mL二甲苯,开动搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,升温至120℃,恒温条件下反应12h。降温至30℃,过滤,蒸馏回收二甲苯,得到粘稠状的TBPAHM产品,采用美国赛默飞世尔的NICOLET IS10傅里叶红外光谱仪检测。
实施例4
向装有搅拌器、冷凝管和温度计的500mL四颈烧瓶中,依次加入360g四溴苯酐、100gFRC-6和80mL环己烷,开动搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,升温至60℃,恒温条件下反应2h。降温至50℃,过滤,蒸馏回收环己烷,得到粘稠状的TBPAHM产品,采用美国赛默飞世尔的NICOLET IS10傅里叶红外光谱仪检测。
实施例1、2、3、4得到的产物FTIR相同,说明合成的产物结构相同。
以上述实施例1或2或3或4合成的TBPAHM产品制作聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料,配方1为:聚醚多元醇4110 100g、聚醚多元醇403 10g、催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡2g、稳定剂甲基硅油1g、发泡剂HCFH-141b 20g,多异氰酸酯为粗MDI。组合聚醚与多异氰酸酯的比例为0.8:1-1.2:1,加入20% TBPAHM阻燃剂制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料氧指数为25.2%,烟密度等级为54.3;配方2为:加入2% TBPAHM、6%甲基膦酸二甲酯(TMMP)和10%膨胀石墨复合阻燃剂制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料氧指数为26.9%,烟密度等级为57.9。
Claims (5)
1.一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂,其特征在于:所述阻燃剂为含有溴、磷和氮三种阻燃元素的四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯,所述四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯的化学式为:
2.一种应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
(1)首先向反应容器中加入反应物四溴苯酐、N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯和溶剂;搅拌至四溴苯酐完全溶解,在搅拌条件下升温至60-120℃,反应2-12小时,合成四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯;
(2)反应结束后,降温至50℃以下,过滤,蒸馏回收溶剂,得到粘稠状的四溴邻苯二甲酸(2-羟乙基膦酸二乙酯亚甲基)胺基单-2-乙酯。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应物四溴苯酐:N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯的质量比为3.6:1-0.9:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷或乙酸乙酯中的一种。
5.如权利要求2所述的应用于聚氨酯材料的反应型阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应物用量不超过反应容器的1/3。
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