CN105618021B - 一种h2o2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料 - Google Patents
一种h2o2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- XPGYKKWRLTVUTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trihydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)(O)C(O)=O XPGYKKWRLTVUTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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Abstract
本发明提供一种H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料,以二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵和尿素为原料,采用水热合成法制备出双晶锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛异质结,然后用H2O2改性处理,得到改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料。本发明通过工艺参数的控制,得到的菱形金红石二氧化钛纳米颗粒与球形锐钛矿二氧化钛纳米颗粒均匀复合的材料结构独特,经H2O2改性处理后,非常适合有机废水的光催化处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料,具体以尿素、二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵为原料制备双晶锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛异质结,再经改得到H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料,属于光催化纳米材料技术领域。
背景技术
在所有的半导体中,TiO2是一种多功能材料,在有机污染物的光降解、光催化水解制氢、染料敏化太阳能电池,甚至是气体传感器和生物传感器中都有广泛的应用。锐钛矿、板钛矿、金红石是自然存在的三种二氧化钛同质多形体,活性从强到弱依次为锐钛矿、金红石、板钛矿。锐钛矿由于活性最好,因此受到广泛的关注,金红石活性较低,因此这方面的研究相对较少,市售的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛P25被证明在催化应用方面比纯相锐钛矿和纯相金红石的活性优越。
尽管TiO2的潜在应用存在于各个领域,它们仍然存在不合需要的缺点:一个宽的光禁带导致太阳光的使用受到限制。本发明主要研究双晶锐钛矿/金红石TiO2的表面改性,因为未经改性的双晶锐钛矿/金红石TiO2粒径较大,因此比表面积较小,导致光催化效率不高,而用H2O2对其进行表面改性,不仅具有无毒、性能稳定,易于合成,且价廉,不需要贵金属,无污染和二次污染等优点,而且粒径会变小,比表面显著增大,锐钛矿的纳米颗粒会均匀的长在金红石上,形成异质结,由于异质结能增大光生电荷载流子的分离效率,所以催化剂的光催化效率有了很大的提高,在60min内降解甲基橙溶液的效率几乎达到100%。
发明内容
本发明一种H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料的制备步骤如下:
(1)以尿素、二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵为原料,将尿素溶于去离子水后,再加入二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵,溶解完全后得到混合溶液,其中尿素与二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵的质量比为25:509。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯衬里的不锈钢高压反应釜中,密封后在155~162℃下反应20~26h,自然冷却至室温。
(3)将步骤(2)的反应产物在11000r/min下,离心处理20~30min,得到的滤饼用去离子水洗涤至pH=6~8,并在60℃下干燥12h后,再分别经研磨处理、400℃煅烧2h,得到双晶锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛异质结。
(4)按照1:250的质量比,将步骤 (3)制得的双晶锐钛矿/板钛矿二氧化钛异质结分散在去离子水中,再加入28%的H2O2,得到反应混合物,其中所加入的28%的H2O2与去离子水的体积比为1:25;上述反应混合物于室温下搅拌处理2h后,再在100~200℃条件下反应12h后自然冷却至室温,产物再经离心分离,所得滤饼用去离子水洗涤三遍,并在60℃干燥12h后,得到H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料。
所述的二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵原料中水的质量分数为50%。
所述的步骤(1)中的尿素在混合溶液中的浓度为0.08~0.12M。
所述的步骤(3)中的400℃煅烧2h的升温速率是2~4℃/min。
本发明的优点是:
本发明从纯二氧化钛异质结的角度出发,对其进行表面改性研究,制备出绿色催化材料。通过低温水热法合成双晶锐钛矿金红石TiO2,锐钛矿TiO2为团聚的球形纳米颗粒,金红石TiO2为菱形的纳米颗粒,所制备的双晶锐钛矿/金红石TiO2为球形和菱形的复合形状,但是粒径较大,表面积较小,导致光催化效率不高,而用H2O2对其进行表面改性,不仅具有无毒、性能稳定,易于合成,且价廉,不需要贵金属,无污染和二次污染等优点,而且粒径会变小,比表面显著增大,锐钛矿的纳米颗粒也会均匀的长在金红石上,形成异质结,由于异质结能增大光生电荷载流子的分离效率。该双晶纳米材料在光解水、杀菌,制备太阳能敏化电池和环境保护等方面有着广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为:H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料的X射线衍射分析图;
图2为:H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料在模拟太阳光下用于降解50ml 10PPm的甲基橙溶液的降解曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明,实施例1-4制得的产物用TiAR, TiAR(H2O2-100℃), TiAR(H2O2-160℃), TiAR(H2O2-200℃)表示,A,R分别表示锐钛矿和金红石。
实施例1
(1)称取0.6g的尿素用水溶解后,再加入10ml 二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵,然后将该混合溶液转移至容量瓶中用水定容至100ml,此时尿素在定容后的混合溶液中的浓度为0.1M;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合溶液转移至一个250ml 的聚四氟乙烯衬里不锈钢高压反应釜中,密封并将其置于电热炉中,在160℃下反应24h;
(3)步骤(2)的反应结束后,使聚四氟乙烯衬里不锈钢高压反应釜自然冷却至室温,然后离心处理得沉淀,沉淀用去离子水洗涤至pH=6~8,再将沉淀在60℃下干燥24h,研磨,最后在400℃空气中煅烧2h去除有机杂质,升温速率为3℃/min。即得锐钛矿/金红石相二氧化钛异质结样品。
所得产物为TiAR。取50mg该产物在模拟太阳光下用于降解50ml 10PPm的甲基橙溶液,60min后,降解率达33.48%。
实施例2
取200mg实施例1所得的样品分散在50mlH2O中,加入2ml 28%的H2O2,室温搅拌2h,然后转移至100ml反应釜中100℃反应12h,自然冷却至室温,离心并用去离子水洗涤三遍,在60℃干燥一晚。
所得产物为TiAR(H2O2-100℃),取50mg该产物在模拟太阳光下用于降解50ml10PPm的甲基橙溶液,60min后,降解率达32.59%。
实施例3
步骤同实施例2,温度由100℃变为160℃。
所得产物为TiAR(H2O2-160℃),取50mg该产物在模拟太阳光下用于降解50ml10PPm的甲基橙溶液,60min后,降解率达94.33%。
实施例4
步骤同实施例2,温度由100℃变为200℃。
所得产物为TiAR(H2O2-200℃),取50mg该产物在模拟太阳光下用于降解50ml10PPm的甲基橙溶液,60min后,降解率达69.41%。
实施例1-4中,所得产物的X射线衍射分析图如图1所示。由附图1可知,所制备的四种催化剂在2θ=25.31°(101) ,37. 90°(103) ,48. 02°(200) ,54. 64°(105) 和62. 83°(204)处均有特征峰。由此可知锐钛矿相的存在,且衍射峰较强,也较尖锐,说明其结晶度较好。2θ=27.48°(110),36.13°(101),41.30°(111),56.69°(220)的峰是金红石相的特征峰。TiAR的锐钛矿相特征峰并不尖锐且峰高较低,金红石相的特征峰峰高较小。H2O2处理的TiAR在2θ=25.31°(101)的锐钛矿的特征峰和在2θ=27.48°(110)的金红石相的特征峰随着温度的升高逐渐变强变尖锐。表明双晶型材料成功地制备出来,也可以看出H2O2对所制备的双晶型材料有一定的影响。
实施例1-4中所得产物在模拟太阳光下用于降解50ml 10PPm的甲基橙溶液的降解效果比较,详见附图2。由附图2可知,模拟太阳光照射下,经过60min后,TiAR的降解率是33.48%, TiAR(H2O2-100℃)的光催化活性与TiAR差不多,但是当水热温度达到160℃时,TiAR(H2O2-160℃)的活性明显提高,60min后降解率达到94.33%。但是温度达到200℃时,TiAR(H2O2-200℃)的活性会略微下降。H2O2是一种氧化剂,在水热过程中会分解产生气体,用H2O2处理后的TiAR可能粒径更小分布更均匀,TiAR的表面可能会有所增大,同时锐钛矿的XRD峰更加尖锐,因此锐钛矿/金红石异质结可以促进光生电子和空穴的分离,使光催化效率提高,在160℃处理时达到最佳光降解活性。
本实验过程先制得双晶锐钛矿/金红石TiO2,然后用用H2O2在不同温度下处理双晶锐钛矿/金红石TiO2,来对其表面进行改性。并通过降解甲基橙溶液测试合成的材料的光催化活性。从上述实施例可知,在160℃下H2O2处理的双晶锐钛矿/金红石TiO2的催化活性最好,且明显高于TiAR。这都归因于H2O2在水热过程中对双晶锐钛矿/金红石TiO2的表面可能有某种修饰作用,比如增大比表面积,比如有利于生电子和空穴的分离,增加羟基自由基的数量等,但是H2O2对TiAR的影响与温度有很大的关系,在160℃这种修饰作用最强,因此TiAR(H2O2-160℃)的光催化活性最强。
Claims (1)
1.一种H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料,其特征在于:所述复合材料的制备步骤如下:
(1)称取0.6g的尿素用水溶解后,再加入10ml二羟基乳酸络钛酸铵,然后将该混合溶液转移至容量瓶中用水定容至100ml,此时尿素在定容后的混合溶液中的浓度为0.1M;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合溶液转移至一个250ml的聚四氟乙烯衬里不锈钢高压反应釜中,密封并将其置于电热炉中,在160℃下反应24h;
(3)步骤(2)的反应结束后,使聚四氟乙烯衬里不锈钢高压反应釜自然冷却至室温,然后离心处理得沉淀,沉淀用去离子水洗涤至pH=6~8,再将沉淀在60℃下干燥24h,研磨,最后在400℃空气中煅烧2h去除有机杂质,升温速率为3℃/min,即得锐钛矿/金红石相二氧化钛异质结样品;
(4)取步骤(3)所得的样品200mg分散在50mlH2O中,加入2ml 28%的H2O2,室温搅拌2h,然后转移至100ml反应釜中160℃反应12h,自然冷却至室温,离心并用去离子水洗涤三遍,在60℃干燥一晚,得到H2O2改性的锐钛矿/金红石二氧化钛纳米晶体复合材料。
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