CN105594372B - More main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-spindle mechanized machine for harvesting caragana seeds, which mainly includes a frame, several spindles rotatably supported on the frame, a collection device fixed on the spindles, a drive mechanism for driving the spindles to rotate, and fruit pods , Seed delivery device. The main shaft located at the left half of the frame is symmetrical to the main shaft located at the right half of the frame, the number of collection devices is equal to the number of main shafts, there is a set of conveying devices on the left and right sides, and the collection devices and the conveying devices are also left and right symmetrical. The power comes from traction machinery or an independent engine. The walking mode can be traction or self-propelled. When the machine is working, it can ride on the Caragana plant, and at least one row of Caragana seeds/pods can be harvested at a time. , so that the harvesting efficiency is doubled, and at the same time, the mechanized harvesting of the seeds of tall caragana such as caragana can be carried out, which solves the problems of low efficiency and high cost in the process of harvesting Caragana seeds.

Description

Multi-spindle caragana seed harvester

Technical field:

The technology relates to a multi-spindle Caragana seed harvester for harvesting Caragana seeds.

Background technique:

Caragana is a sandy shrub with extremely developed root system. Caragana has strong adaptability and high survival rate. It is an excellent tree species for windbreak, sand fixation and water and soil conservation in the central and western regions. Caragana seeds are rich in oil, nitrogen and nutrients. Caragana branches and leaves are good firewood, oil refining raw materials and forage feed. At present, the planting of caragana, stubble and rejuvenation, and the development of economic value are still at a relatively low level. The industrial chain is short, the added value is low, and the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen is not high. The timely harvesting of Caragana seeds and the development of the application value of the whole plant will greatly improve the above situation, and will play an important role in promoting the expansion of Caragana planting scale and the development of animal husbandry. From June to August every year, when the caragana pods become hard and yellow-brown, and there are two or three seeds in the pods on the upper branches that are beige, they can be harvested. The time from fruit ripening to fruit cracking is very short, 2 to 4 days per plant, so it should be picked as it ripens. At present, Caragana seeds are mainly picked by hand, which not only consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, but also because of untimely harvesting, lemongrass The fruit pods are naturally split, and the seeds are scattered on the sand, which can no longer be picked up, causing a lot of waste. Therefore, it is very urgent to improve the efficiency of the mechanized harvesting of Caragana seeds, and the improvement of harvesting efficiency means to increase the speed of the machine, and the improvement of the speed of the machine needs to cooperate with the comb teeth for scraping and combing the branches of Caragana. Otherwise, the comb teeth will pass by many caragana branches, without playing the role of scraping and combing for many times, which may lead to a significant reduction in the recovery rate; and the increase of the comb teeth speed may The branches of Caragana twigs will be cut or torn off, so in order to ensure the harvesting efficiency and recovery rate, enough comb teeth must be arranged on the main shaft in the same direction as the machine. , must also have enough batches of comb teeth to be able to scrape and comb the branches of Caragana japonica. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a more efficient multi-spindle caragana seed harvester. A multi-spindle caragana seed harvester with multiple spindles, which can straddle rows of Caragana japonica and harvest one row, two rows or even multiple rows at a time, will surely double the harvesting efficiency. The application of the efficient multi-spindle caragana seed harvester will bring new vitality to the development and growth of the caragana industry, increase the income of farmers and herdsmen, local economic growth and the country's century-old plan of windbreak and sand fixation, thus generating huge economic and social benefits .

Invention content:

This technology provides a highly efficient multi-spindle caragana seed harvester for mechanized harvesting of Caragana seeds, which will help Caragana seeds become one of the raw materials for woody grain and oil, expand the planting scale of Caragana and industrialize the development and utilization of Caragana Provides firm support.

The multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in this technology includes a frame, several spindles rotatably supported on the frame, a collection device fixed on the spindle, a drive mechanism for driving the spindle to rotate, fruit pods and seed delivery Conveying device and walking mechanism.

In the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in the present technology, there are multiple spindles, preferably 2 or 4, respectively arranged on both sides of the same row of Caragana plants or on the left row of the two rows of Caragana The right side of the right side and the left side of the right row; each main shaft is fixed with a collection device, which has the function of harvesting Caragana seeds, and the axis of the main shaft is parallel to or not parallel to the direction of travel of the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester when it is working. Parallel, multiple spindles are parallel or not parallel to each other; preferably the axis of the spindle is not parallel to the direction of travel, while the axes of multiple spindles are parallel to each other, along the direction of travel, the front end of the spindle is low and the rear end is high, making the rear end longer comb teeth The lowest point of the tooth tip trajectory is at the same height as the lowest point of the short comb tooth tip trajectory at the front end, and both can collect the branches at the bottom of the caragana. Squeeze it smoothly, reduce the possibility of the machine tearing off the branches of the Caragana, and at the same time improve the rate of picking the seeds at the bottom of the Caragana.

In the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in the present technology, the frame is left and right symmetrical, and the distance between the left and right sides can be fixed, that is, the left and right parts of the frame are a rigid whole; The size of the canopy of the caragana or the row spacing of the caragana is adjusted, the left side frame rotates and fixes the main shaft on the left side, and the right side frame rotates and fixes the main shaft on the right side.

In the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in this technology, the adjustment of the distance between the left and right parts of the frame is to move the left and right parts of the frame along the top of the frame manually or through the expansion and contraction of hydraulic cylinders or cylinders. When the distance between the left and right parts of the rack is adjusted in place, the sliding sleeve and the sliding rail are locked by manually operating the locking bolt on the sliding sleeve on the top of the rack to limit their relative Slide, so that the left and right parts of the rack become a rigid whole.

In the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in this technology, there are an even number of the main shafts, half on the left and right sides, the main shafts on the same side are distributed up and down, the axes are parallel or not parallel to each other, and the corresponding main shafts on the other side are about The symmetrical planes of the left and right parts of the rack are symmetrical.

In the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in the present technology, the number of the collection devices is equal to the number of the main shafts, and they are respectively fixed on the corresponding main shafts. Each collection device comprises several collectors, and the collectors are formed by one or more combs evenly arranged on the comb holder along the circumferential direction; preferably each collection device includes 3 groups of collectors, and the number of each group of collectors is 6 , the number of comb teeth of each collector is 3; the gap Δ between the comb teeth of adjacent collectors in the direction of the main shaft axis is 10 mm to 60 mm, which is adjusted by padding adjustment washers of different thicknesses between the collectors; The comb teeth are perpendicular or not perpendicular to the main shaft, and the length of the comb teeth is 300 mm to 1000 mm; the comb teeth of each collector or each group of collectors divided into several groups are spaced sequentially along the circumferential direction of the main shaft Wherein, n ₁ and n ₂ are the number of comb teeth contained in each collector and the number or groups of collectors respectively. The lengths of the comb teeth in each group of collectors are equal, and the lengths of the comb teeth of each group of collectors are different from those of its adjacent group of collectors, and the lengths of the comb teeth increase or decrease sequentially along the axis of the main shaft. Preferably, in the direction of machine travel, the comb teeth of the collector at the front end of the machine are shorter, and the length of the comb teeth at the rear end of the main shaft of the machine increases successively, so that the comb teeth at the front end first smooth the caragana branches when the machine is working, and the comb teeth at the rear end The purpose of the longer comb teeth is to clean the fruit pods on the branches of Caragana. Among them, the cross-section of the comb is "U", "V", trapezoidal, rectangular or semicircular; one end of the comb has a tooth tip, and the other end is fixed on the main shaft through the comb holder; the elevation angle of the comb tooth tip is 0°～90°, preferably 75°; the grooves on each comb have the function of storing caragana seeds and fruit pods, and the tip of the comb is upturned, which can prevent the harvested caragana seeds to a certain extent. Seeds or pods are easily thrown from the comb grooves.

In the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in this technology, the drive mechanism for driving the rotation of the main shaft is formed by connecting a hydraulic motor matching the number of main shafts and a coupling with the corresponding main shaft, or by a belt, a pulley, a chain And the sprocket transmits the power of one power source to all the main shafts on the same side and transmits the power of one main shaft to the other side through the intermediate wheel arranged on the top of the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester. The power of the main shaft is preferably drawn from the power output shaft of the traction machine through a chain, a belt or a rigid shaft, which can make the whole device lighter, and also saves the need to arrange a large and heavy hydraulic oil tank when using a hydraulic motor or an air motor. Hydraulic pumps, gas storage tanks, air compressors and other troubles. Of course, if the harvester must use hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinders, etc., the device for supplying high-pressure hydraulic oil can be placed on the traction machinery, and the engine of the traction machinery can directly drive the hydraulic pump.

In the multi-spindle Caragana seed harvester described in this technology, when the power of the drive mechanism is transmitted from the main shaft on one side to the main shaft on the other side, it needs to switch the direction of rotation through a pair of intermeshing gears to ensure the comb teeth work Always comb the branches of the lemon stick from the bottom up.

In the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in the present technology, the traveling mechanism is composed of a plurality of traveling wheels symmetrical to the symmetrical planes of the left and right parts of the frame, and the traveling wheels can be 2, and the third to maintain balance The first support comes from the drag frame of the traction machine, or it can be more than or equal to three so that the rack can maintain its own balance. The walking wheel is driven by the friction between itself and the ground under the drag of the traction machine, or driven by an electric motor, gasoline engine, diesel engine, etc.; The running wheel that rotates by force is supported under the frame and constitutes a walking mechanism.

The multi-spindle caragana seed harvester described in this technology has two sets of conveying devices, which are respectively located at the bottom of the left and right two parts of the frame. It can be a rubber conveyor belt or a screw conveyor, and the power of the main shaft is preferably transmitted to the conveyor belt through a belt or a pulley.

According to the collection device of each main shaft, there are 18 collectors, which are divided into 3 groups. Each collector contains 3 comb teeth and is separated by 120° along the circumferential direction of the main shaft. Stagger 40°: the distance between the tips of two adjacent comb teeth along the axis of the main shaft is 100 mm, and the length covered by the comb teeth on the main shaft is 1700 mm; If it is relatively clean, you need to ensure that each branch can be combed 3 times, that is, starting from the first comb tooth at the front of the main shaft to comb this Caragana branch, and within the time when the main shaft rotates two teeth, that is, 80°, The distance traveled by the machine cannot exceed 1.7m, assuming that the spindle speed is 80 rpm. Then the time taken for the main shaft to rotate 80° is 1/360 minute, so the maximum travel speed of the machine can be 36.72 km/h. For the harvesting machinery in the field, this is a very fast speed. It can be seen that the utilization of this technology will greatly improve the harvesting efficiency of caragana seeds, which is more than dozens of times that of manual picking. Caragana seeds and young leaves will also fully activate the industrial chain of Caragana industry, creating huge economic and social benefits.

Beneficial effects of this technology: the harvesting efficiency of Caragana seeds can be doubled under the premise of ensuring the harvesting rate, and the seeds of Caragana can be harvested from both sides of Caragana at the same time, and can be harvested under the dragging of the traction machine Complete the seed harvesting of a row of caragana, and the overall harvesting efficiency is doubled compared with the single-side harvester; if a traction machine is used to drive two sets of such harvesters, two rows of caragana can be completed at one time. For the task of harvesting Caragana seeds, the efficiency is doubled again; and if there are 4 main shafts, two of which are vertically arranged on the left and right sides of Caragana, it can be adapted to harvest the seeds of Caragana with higher heights such as Caragana. According to the collection device of each main shaft, there are 18 collectors, which are divided into 3 groups, and each collector has 3 comb teeth; the distance between the tooth tips of two adjacent comb teeth along the axis of the main shaft is 100mm; the rotational speed of the main shaft is 80 rev/min. Then the maximum driving speed of the machine can reach 36.72 km/h. In short, the multi-spindle Caragana seed harvester provided by this technology greatly improves the harvesting efficiency of Caragana seeds, greatly reduces the cost of harvesting, and ensures that mature Caragana seeds can be harvested in time. The full development of the value, the circular development of the caragana economy, and the continuous growth of the caragana industry all have important practical significance. income also has a direct boost.

Description of drawings: Conveyor belt type

Fig. 1 is the front view of embodiment 1, double-side harvesting, single-side traction type double-spindle caragana seed harvester;

Fig. 2 is the vertical opening and closing type model of embodiment 1, and its difference lies in the mode of adjusting the distance between the left and right parts of the frame;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of traction machine purchase and traction position;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of double-spindle caragana seed harvesting;

Fig. 5 wherein (a) is the structural representation of the collector in the collecting device, (b) is the comb structure schematic diagram of collector;

Fig. 6 is embodiment 2---the structural representation of a kind of 4 spindle caragana seed harvester;

Fig. 7 is the working principle schematic diagram of embodiment 2;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a double-spindle Caragana seed harvester with fixed spindle spacing;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the traction mechanism of the double-spindle caragana seed harvester with fixed spindle distance.

Detailed ways:

Example 1

Referring to the multi-spindle caragana seed harvester shown in Figure 1, the outer circumference of the main shaft 1 that mainly transmits power has 3 protrusions that extend along the axis direction and resemble flat keys; cooperate with it, as shown in Figure 5 (a) There are 3 grooves shaped like key grooves on the inner circle of the circular comb holder 2 of the collector, and the two cooperate to transmit torque, and the comb teeth 3 are fixed on the outer surface of the comb holder 2 . The comb holder 2 can slide along the axis direction along the surface of the main shaft 1, and the gap between the comb teeth 3 along the axis direction can be set by adjusting the washer. 6 collectors constitute a collector group, and there are 3 groups of such collector groups on each main shaft. The length of the comb teeth in each collector group increases sequentially from front to back, ranging from 300mm to 1000mm, and their combs The angles of the teeth in the circumferential direction of the main shaft differ by 40°; both ends of the main shaft 1 are supported by bearings at both ends, and are connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 50 through a coupling 51 . The gear 52 fixedly connected with the main shaft changes the rotation direction of the power transmitted to the main shaft on the other side by meshing with the gear on the short shaft 48. The short shaft 48 is rotatably supported on the bracket 47, and the pulley fixed on the short shaft 48 passes through the belt 46 and three belt pulleys 67 respectively fixed on the main shaft on the other side to transmit power to the main shaft on the other side. The length of connecting rod 44 and 40 can be adjusted, and it can rotate around the fulcrum that is fixed on the frame 45, to ensure that when adjusting the distance between the left and right parts of the frame, the belt is always in a state of tension. When the machine is working, the main shaft on the right side in Fig. 1 rotates clockwise, and the main shaft on the left side rotates counterclockwise, see Fig. 4 .

Two sliding sleeves 39 are respectively installed on the tops of the left and right parts of the frame, and two slide rails 43 are matched with it to connect the left and right two parts of the rack into a whole, while allowing relative sliding between the slide rails and the sliding sleeves. Thereby can set the distance between the left and right two harvesting units by 2 hydraulic oil cylinders 69, 4 swing arms 71 and 1 top beam 70, to adapt to the harvesting of the seeds of Caragana twigs with different diameters of "crown", when After the required setting distance is reached, the sliding sleeve and the slide rail are locked by locking bolts, so that the left and right parts of the rack become a rigid whole.

The lower parts of the main shafts of the left and right harvesting units correspond to belt conveyors. The motor 57 drives the driving roller 58 to rotate through the coupling, and the driving roller drives the conveyor belt 59 to move. And the function of lifting upwards, the middle position is pressed on the middle roller by the pressure roller 60, and the other end of the horizontal part is supported by the driven roller; the conveyor belt, the driving roller, the driven roller and the middle roller are all Supported on the conveyor belt support 54, its effect is that the caragana seeds and pods picked are transported to two storage boxes 49 positioned at the harvester rear.

Referring to Fig. 3, walking part is realized by road wheel 55 and road wheel and the traction frame 61 that is fixed on the right side wall of the right harvesting unit.

As shown in Figure 2, the method of adjusting the distance between the left and right parts of the frame in Figure 1 is replaced by a vertical opening and closing type, and the top beam in Figure 1 is replaced by a top pole 41, which is also adjusted by a hydraulic cylinder. The device for supplying high-pressure hydraulic oil can be installed on the traction machinery, and the hydraulic pump is directly driven by the engine of the traction machinery.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of Embodiment 1. During the working process of the harvester, the main shaft on the right side rotates clockwise, and the main shaft on the left side rotates counterclockwise. Three groups of comb teeth 4, 5 and 6 with different lengths Comb through the branches 11 of Caragana in sequence, so that the fruit pods 12 are combed down, and fall onto the conveyor belt along with the rotation of the main shaft, and are sent to the storage box by the conveyor belt for temporary storage. Harvesting operations.

As shown in Figure 5, (a) is the structural representation of the collector in the collecting device, and (b) is the comb structure schematic diagram of the collector;

Example 2

Referring to Fig. 6, a kind of Caragana seed harvester with 4 main shafts, the difference between embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is: the number of main shafts in embodiment 2 is 4, and the left and right parts of the frame are two respectively, and the single The two main shafts on the side are arranged up and down, which are more suitable for the harvesting of the seeds of the higher caragana; the main shafts on the left and right sides have two motors 68 to provide power respectively, and the two main shafts on one side pass through the belt 66 and the pulley 67. Share the power of same motor, like this, the meshing gear set that plays reversing effect in embodiment 1 has just saved, and also saved a group of belt and belt pulley in the middle; 63 and blower blower 64 form, and the function of blower blower is that fruit pod and seed are sucked in the storage box 49; The above points are the main differences between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1.

Example 3

Referring to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the difference between embodiment 3 and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is that the slider fixed on the top of the left and right parts of the frame is widened and lengthened, and then becomes two whole steel plates 39, so that The left and right parts of the frame form a more rigid whole, with better stability and reliability, and a simpler structure, while the distance between the left and right acquisition units becomes a fixed value.

Claims (9)

1. The Caragana Microphylla Seed harvester of main shaft more than 1., it is characterized in that：It include rack, several be rotatably supported in main shaft in rack, The driving mechanism and fruit pod, seed conveying device of the harvester, driving spindle rotation that are fixed on main shaft；

   Each harvester includes several groups collector, and each group collector is made of multiple collectors；Collector is by one or more A broach is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction to be constituted on broach seat；The broach of every group of collector one group collector adjacent with it is long Degree differs, and on machine direction of travel, the broach of the collector of machine front end is shorter, and the broach closer to machine shaft rear end is long Spend incremented by successively, along direction of travel, the low rear end of front-end of spindle is high so that the minimum point of rear end longer broach crown track and front end The minimum point of short comb crown track is on sustained height；The section of broach is " u "-shaped, " V " shape, trapezoidal, rectangle or semicircle； Broach one end has crown, the other end to be fixed on main shaft by broach seat；The crown of broach upwarps.
2. 2. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The main shaft has multiple, is respectively arranged The both sides of same a line caragana microphylla plant or left side a line in two row caragana microphyllas right side and the right a line left side.
3. 3. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The rack is symmetrical, and left and right The distance between rack of both sides is fixed or adjustable.
4. 4. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that：The rack or so two parts it Between the adjusting of distance be sliding rail by flexible left and right two parts by rack of hydraulic cylinder or cylinder along frame top It divides right and left or furthers.
5. 5. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that：The main shaft has even number, left and right Each half, the main shaft of the same side are mutually parallel or not parallel in distribution up and down, axis, and with the corresponding main shaft of the other side The two-part plane of symmetry in left and right about rack is symmetrical.
6. 6. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The harvester quantity and main shaft number It measures equal, is separately fixed on corresponding main shaft.
7. 7. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The driving machine of the driving spindle rotation Structure is by being formed by connecting with the hydraulic motor of main shaft quantity Matching and shaft coupling and corresponding main shaft, or by belt and belt The power of one power source is transmitted on all main shafts of homonymy and by being arranged in more main shaft caragana microphylla kinds by wheel, chain and sprocket wheel The power of side main shaft is transmitted on the main shaft of the other side by the breast wheel at the top of sub- harvester.
8. 8. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that：The power of the driving mechanism by The main shaft of side needs to convert direction of rotation by a pair of of pitch wheel when passing to the main shaft of the other side.
9. 9. more main shaft Caragana Microphylla Seed harvesters as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The conveying device has two sets, respectively Positioned at the bottom of left and right two parts rack, power comes from nearest main shaft either hydraulic motor or motor.