CN105586293A - 一种新的乳酸利用梭菌及其用途 - Google Patents
一种新的乳酸利用梭菌及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105586293A CN105586293A CN201511018789.4A CN201511018789A CN105586293A CN 105586293 A CN105586293 A CN 105586293A CN 201511018789 A CN201511018789 A CN 201511018789A CN 105586293 A CN105586293 A CN 105586293A
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- bacterium
- bpy5
- acid
- lactic acid
- clostridiumsp
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物领域,具体涉及一种新的利用乳酸的Clostridium?XlVa属细菌,以及该菌在丁酸生产中的应用。本发明提供了一种新的Clostridium?XlVa属细菌BPY5,命名为Clostridium?sp.BPY5。同时,本发明提供了上述的梭菌属细菌BPY5在生产丁酸中的用途。本发明也提供了上述的梭菌属细菌BPY5在发酵酿酒中的用途。本发提供了新的Clostridium?XlVa属细菌,该菌能够有效地利用乳酸快速转化为丁酸。本发明的细菌可用于新窖池(或窖泥)的微生物强化改良,改善白酒的风味和品质,同时还能处理酿酒废水,特别是处理黄水。同时,还能作为人或反刍动物的肠道益生菌,对宿主健康有重要意义,具有很好的实际利用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物领域,具体涉及一种新的利用乳酸的ClostridiumXlVa属细菌,以及该菌在丁酸生产中的应用。
背景技术
丁酸是重要的化工原料之一,丁酸的纤维素酯衍生物用于涂料和模塑,他们具有耐热、耐光和抗湿性等优点。丁酸的酯类具有水果香味,可被用作食品添加剂和香精。同时丁酸是组蛋白去乙酰化酶的抑制剂,能诱导肿瘤细胞的分化和凋亡,而具有抗癌作用,因此丁酸在胃肠炎、癌症等治疗方面具有很好的应用潜力。可用于医药中间体的制备。
而在酿酒领域,丁酸也有着特别重要的地位,乳酸、乙酸、丁酸和己酸及其相应的乙酯类衍生物(乳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯和己酸乙酯)是构成中国白酒特殊风味的重要物质,其浓度的高低和比例的协调与否则直接决定了白酒品质。浓香型白酒占全国白酒年产量70%,其显著特征是以己酸和己酸乙酯作为主体香,其浓度和比例均显著高于其他有机酸及酯。实践与研究表明,通常20年老窖或更长窖龄的老窖才能产高品质白酒,而5年以下新窖只能产低品质白酒。老窖中己酸和己酸乙酯含量明显高于新窖,而新窖则乳酸及乳酸乙酯含量偏高,会影响白酒风味并降低其品质。因此,对新窖池进行“增己降乳”是白酒企业面临的重要课题之一。而丁酸是也是直接合成己酸的重要的底物,因此可间接提高己酸,以及丁酸乙酯和己酸乙酯的浓度,同时降低乳酸及乳酸乙酯浓度过高对白酒风味的不利影响,改善白酒的风味和品质。因此提高窖池发酵过程中丁酸的含量也是提高窖池的重要手段。
本领域需要新的能提高窖池发酵过程中丁酸含量的技术手段。
发明内容
为了给前述的技术问题提供新的解决途径,提高窖池发酵过程中的丁酸含量。本发明提供了一种新的ClostridiumXlVa属细菌BPY5,命名为Clostridiumsp.BPY5。该菌种的模式菌株已于2014年11月3日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101。保藏编号为CGMCCNo:9927。
同时,本发明提供了上述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在生产丁酸中的用途。
本发明也提供了上述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在发酵酿酒中的用途。
本发明也提供了上述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在制备人工窖泥中的用途。
此外,本发明还提供了上述梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在酒厂酿酒废水处理中的用途。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还提供了上述的梭菌属细菌在制备人或哺乳动物的肠道益生菌剂中的用途。
本发明也还提供了包括上述的新种细菌的菌剂。
本发明也还提供了一种窖泥,该窖泥包含上述的新种细菌。同时也提供了包含上述窖泥的窖池。
根据本发明的第一个方面,本发明从白酒酿酒窖池的窖泥中分离得到了一种新的ClostridiumXlVa属细菌BPY5,命名为Clostridiumsp.BPY5,保藏编号为CGMCCNo:9927。本发明的BPY5菌株分离自白酒酿酒窖池的窖泥,采用梯度稀释方法分离获得。
本发明的菌种BPY5的菌株经过48小时平板培养菌落呈乳黄色或微黄色,圆形,光滑,不透明,直径2~3mm,边缘整齐,革兰氏染色阳性。
上述菌种的菌体特征:革兰氏阳性,端生芽孢,可运行,菌体呈杆状,长多在0.8~1um,宽多在0.4~0.5um。该菌的适宜生长温度30~35℃,pH4.8~7.5。
上述菌的生理生化特征为:
可利用14种糖类包括N-乙酰基-D半乳糖胺,D-果糖,L-海藻糖,D-半乳糖,龙胆二糖,葡萄糖,D-松三糖,D-蜜二糖,6-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酰-D-呋喃果糖,L-李鼠糖,水苏四糖,蔗糖,木糖,甘露糖。
可利用8种酸类包括D-半乳糖醛酸,D-氨基葡萄糖酸,乙醛酸,α-羟基丁酸,α-酮戊酸,D,L-乳酸,L-乳酸,丙酮酸。
可利用8种混杂类包括杏苷,DL-α-丙三醇磷酸盐,葡萄糖1-磷酸盐,葡萄糖6-磷酸盐,水苷杨,D-甲酯乳酸,甲酯丙酮酸,胸苷。
可利用4种氨基酸:L-谷氨酸,L-丝氨酸,L-缬氨酸,L-色氨酸和2种聚合物:α-环式糊精,β-环式糊精作为底物生长。
不能利用的有:D-葡萄糖酸,甘油,麦芽糖,D-蜜三糖,D-山梨醇,D-海藻糖,乙酸,L-谷氨酸盐,L-苯基丙氨酸,肌苷,脲素,甘露醇,乳糖,柳醇,阿拉伯糖,明胶,七叶灵,纤维二糖,松参糖,棉子糖,D-鼠李糖。
根据形态、生理生化、16SrDNA等特征,鉴定其应为ClostridiumXlVa属的新种,命名为Clostridiumsp.BPY5。
根据本发明的另一个方面,由于在酿酒领域中乳酸在窖池积累会影响风味,本发明的细菌可应用于窖池,促进乳酸转化为丁酸。
同时,本发明的细菌可用于新窖池(或窖泥)的微生物强化改良,将新窖中过高的乳酸快速转化为丁酸。由于丁酸是直接合成己酸的重要的底物,因此可间接提高己酸,以及丁酸乙酯和己酸乙酯的浓度,同时降低乳酸及乳酸乙酯浓度过高对白酒风味的不利影响,改善白酒的风味和品质。
根据本发明的再一个方面,该菌还可用于黄水的综合利用,即通过该菌的二次发酵将黄水中乳酸进一步发酵转化成丁酸,同时减少废水COD排放。
根据本发明的又一个方面,由于乳酸积累和丁酸含量降低是诱发后肠道疾病和功能失调的重要因素之一。本发明提供的新的ClostridiumXlVa属细菌能够利用乳酸,ClostridiumXlVa属归于梭菌纲中的毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae),该科是重要的哺乳动物胃肠道内微生物菌群,特别是在反刍动物中。由于这一类群中许多菌株能够产生丁酸,因此受到越来越多的重视。该菌可通过防止乳酸和乙酸的积累,同时生成丁酸,以及调控肠道pH,对宿主的健康有重要意义。所以该菌具有作为肠道益生菌的潜力,能够用现有技术制成合适的肠道益生菌剂。
本发明的有益效果在于,提供了一种新的ClostridiumXlVa属细菌,该菌能够有效地利用乳酸快速转化为丁酸。本发明的细菌可用于新窖池(或窖泥)的微生物强化改良,改善白酒的风味和品质,同时还能处理酿酒废水,特别是处理黄水。同时,还能作为人或反刍动物的肠道益生菌,对宿主健康有重要意义,具有很好的实际利用前景。
保藏说明
本发明涉及的是一种新的毛螺旋菌科ClostridiumXlVa属细菌BPY5(Clostridiumsp.BPY5),模式菌株已于2014年11月3日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101),保藏编号CGMCCNo:9927。
附图说明:
图1、BPY5细菌的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例的具体描述对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例一菌种分离与纯化
1、分离培养基
YCFA-L培养基(100mL):1g酪蛋白胨,0.25g酵母汁,0.4gNaHCO3,0.1g半胱氨酸,0.045gK2HPO4,0.045gKH2PO4,0.09gNaCl,0.009gMgSO4·7H2O,0.009gCaCl2,0.1mg刃天青,1mg氧化血红素,1ug生物素,1ug维生素B12,3ugp-氨基苯甲酸,5ug叶酸and15ug维生素B6,0.5mL乳酸,外加0-3ml/L乙酸盐作共基质。
2、分离过程
(1)菌种富集
取窖泥1g,加入YCFA-L液体培养基,在30℃下震荡厌氧培养5天后,用高效液相色谱法测定发酵代谢产物,以乳酸彻底降解的培养液为目标分离源。
(2)菌种初筛
配制好培养基后调节pH6.0-6.5,分装入厌氧管,用氮气赶尽管中的空气,密封后在121℃灭菌20分钟。待培养基冷却后添加维生素,使维生素B和维生素B12的终浓度为0.05ug/mL。取1g窖泥装入含10ml培养基的厌氧管中,按10-3梯度稀释,在30℃富集培养。经过富集培养的利用乳酸盐的培养液按10-6梯度稀释,稀释液在厌氧平板涂板,培养3-5天后挑取单菌落接入含乳酸的液体分离培养基中,厌氧30℃培养3-5d,通过HPLC法检测培养液中乳酸与丁酸含量,将能够完全转化乳酸产生丁酸的菌株在斜面培养基中保存。
(3)复筛与纯化
将斜面保存的菌株接入含乳酸的液体分离培养基中培养,定时检测乳酸消耗与丁酸产量,计算转化速率;选转化速率最快的菌液,采用划线法在厌氧平板上分离纯化,挑取单菌落在斜面培养基中保存。
(4)纯菌检查与确认
首先通过菌落形态、颜色和显微镜检观察细菌,初步判定是否是纯菌株;然后通过PCR扩增菌液的16srRNA基因序列,直接测序进一步确定是否为纯菌株。
实施例二、菌株的鉴定与保藏
1、形态特征鉴定
菌落特征:细菌CGMCCNo:9927在YCFA-L培养基48小时平板培养后菌落呈乳黄色或微黄色,圆形,光滑,不透明,直径2-3mm,边缘整齐。
菌体特征:革兰氏阳性,端生芽孢,可运行,菌体呈杆状,长0.8~1um,宽0.4~0.5um,扫描电镜照片参见图1(SEM,×31000)。
2、生理生化特征鉴定
BiologANMicroPlatesTM和API20A厌氧鉴定系统分析得出该菌的生理生化特征为:
细菌CGMCCNo:9927能利用14种糖类、8种酸类、8中混杂类、4种氨基酸和2种聚合物,具体如下:
14种糖类包括:N-乙酰基-D半乳糖胺,D-果糖,L-海藻糖,D-半乳糖,龙胆二糖,葡萄糖,D-松三糖,D-蜜二糖,6-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酰-D-呋喃果糖,L-李鼠糖,水苏四糖,蔗糖,木糖,甘露糖。
8种酸类包括:D-半乳糖醛酸,D-氨基葡萄糖酸,乙醛酸,α-羟基丁酸,α-酮戊酸,D,L-乳酸,L-乳酸,丙酮酸。
8种混杂类包括:杏苷,DL-α-丙三醇磷酸盐,葡萄糖1-磷酸盐,葡萄糖6-磷酸盐,水苷杨,D-甲酯乳酸,甲酯丙酮酸,胸苷。
4种氨基酸:L-谷氨酸,L-丝氨酸,L-缬氨酸,L-色氨酸。
2种聚合物:α-环式糊精,β-环式糊精。
不能利用的有:D-葡萄糖酸,甘油,麦芽糖,D-蜜三糖,D-山梨醇,D-海藻糖,乙酸,L-谷氨酸盐,L-苯基丙氨酸,肌苷,脲素,甘露醇,乳糖,柳醇,阿拉伯糖,明胶,七叶灵,纤维二糖,松参糖,棉子糖,D-鼠李糖。
表明其属于应为毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)ClostridiumXlVa属的一个新种。
3、分子鉴定
采用上海生工细菌基因组提取试剂盒提取BPY5的基因组DNA,然后通过细菌16SrRNA通用引物对27f-1492r扩增BPY5的16SrRNA,将扩增约1500bp的目的片断克隆到E.coliDH5a中,获得BPY5的16SrRNA基因长度为1492bp(SEQIDNo.1)。通过序列比对分析,该菌株与数据库中的共生梭菌模式种(ClostridiumsymbiosumATCC14940)亲缘关系最近,相似性为95.16%。根据细菌新种判定的重要标准(16SrRNA序列相似性<97%)。形态特征鉴定、生理生化鉴定结果表明以及16SrRNA的比对分析结果表明BPY5应为毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)的ClostridiumXlVa属的一个新种,命名为Clostridiumsp.BPY5。
表1与BPY5最相关的模式菌株及其序列相似性
4、菌种的专利程序鉴定和保藏
将获得的BPY5(Clostridiumsp.BPY5)纯种,寄到中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101)进行专利菌种保藏。保藏中心经菌种复核与活性检测后,已于2014年11月3日出具专利菌种保藏证书,编号CGMCCNo:9927。
实施例三不同pH对BPY5转化乳酸的影响实验
BPY5利用乳酸发酵的pH范围在4.8-7.1,pH在6.0-7.1菌体转化速度速率最快,达18mmol/L/d。当PH4.8-5.5时,菌体活性受到抑制,出现明显的延滞期,且其随着pH下降而增加,如在pH4.8时,从第5天乳酸才开始被转化为丁酸。但是,当pH在5.5-7.1时,溶液中会有26mM乳酸残留,而在PH4.8时,该菌能将66mM乳酸全降解。
实施例四乳酸浓度对BPY5转化活性的影响实验
乳酸浓度对BPY5的转化活性有显著的影响。当乳酸浓度为66-104mM时,菌株BPY5转化效率为55-60mol丁酸/mol乳酸,而在133mM时,BPY5对乳酸的转化效率只有44mol丁酸/mol乳酸,且随着乳酸浓度的增加,转化效率会进一步下降。在乳酸浓度为178mM时,转化效率只有35mol丁酸/mol乳酸,比104mM时效率下降42%。结果见表2
表2.乳酸初始浓度对BPY5活性与转化效率的影响
实施例五外加乙酸对BPY5转化活性的影响实验
在PH4.8下,外加18-45mM乙酸,能显著缓解乳酸对菌BPY5的活性抑制,对乳酸利用的延滞期可从5天缩短为2天,同时可提高对乳酸的转化效率,最高达到0.69mol丁酸/mol乳酸消耗,C回收率达到95.3%。
在pH6.0时,不外加乙酸,培养液中始终有约25mM的乳酸残留而不被转化;外加乙酸后,BPY5的生长延滞期显著缩短,且可完全将乳酸利用并转化,乳酸的利用率明显提高。结果见表3。
表3pH6.0时外加乙酸对BPY5转化活性的影响
实施例六BPY5对酿酒废水(黄水)的转化与利用实验
将三年窖龄窖池中取得的黄水稀释1倍后(乳酸浓度38.76g/L),加入乙酸,使乳酸:乙酸=10:3(摩尔比),调节pH为6.0,接种5%BPY5菌液,密闭。同时做不加菌的空白对照。每天分析样品中乳酸和丁酸含量,结果参见表4,结果表明接种BPY5菌液的黄水到第3d时,其中的乳酸已完全消耗,并产生26.06g/L的丁酸,而不加菌的空白对照组乳酸不但没有消耗还产生了积累,也几乎没有丁酸产生。说明BPY5可以利用酿酒废水中的乳酸转化为丁酸,可应用于酒厂酿酒废水的处理,减少废水的排放量。
表4BPY5菌对酿酒废水(黄水)的利用和转化
Claims (9)
1.梭菌属(Clostridiumsp)细菌新种,命名为Clostridiumsp.BPY5,其模式株的保藏号为CGMCCNo:9927。
2.权利要求1所述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在生产丁酸中的用途。
3.权利要求1所述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在发酵酿酒中的用途。
4.权利要求1所述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在酒厂酿酒废水处理中的用途。
5.权利要求1所述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在制备人工窖泥中的用途。
6.权利要求1所述的梭菌属细菌Clostridiumsp.BPY5在制备人或哺乳动物的肠道益生菌剂中的用途。
7.包含权利要求1所述的细菌的菌剂。
8.包含权利要求1所述的细菌的窖泥。
9.含权利要求8所述的窖泥的窖池。
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