CN105579268A - 用于将车转换为混合电动车或电动车的改装系统 - Google Patents
用于将车转换为混合电动车或电动车的改装系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105579268A CN105579268A CN201480029561.2A CN201480029561A CN105579268A CN 105579268 A CN105579268 A CN 105579268A CN 201480029561 A CN201480029561 A CN 201480029561A CN 105579268 A CN105579268 A CN 105579268A
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- vehicle
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- power supply
- motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
- B60W20/14—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/906—Motor or generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/909—Gearing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于将车转换为混合电动车或电动车的改装系统。该系统包括电源(EPS),其包括一个或多个马达,以提供故障安全扭矩给车辆和电线束制动能量用于充电一个或多个电池,一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA),配置为耦合所述一个或多个马达到传动轴用于提供扭矩传递到车辆,以及耦合到电源(EPS)的电子控制单元用于动态控制基于运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车辆。所述系统包括马达控制器来控制一个或多个马达的运行。所述马达控制器基于驱动车辆所需的扭矩和功率来开动一个或多个马达。
Description
发明领域
本发明通常涉及混合电动车,并更具体地涉及用于将车转换为混合电动车或者电动车的一种系统。
发明背景
混合电动车(HEV)和电动车(EV)目前正经历日益增长的需求,归因于矿物燃料的日益缺乏以及自传统内燃引擎车辆中排放的二氧化碳。EV完全利用电力驱动马达,依靠存储在电池中的电能向车辆供电来运行。HEV利用内引擎和/或电能驱动马达来向车辆供能。混合汽车通常能达到比传统内燃引擎供能的车辆改善25%-40%的燃油经济性。
目前,HEV/EV的概念用于重型车辆,如公交大巴。考虑到具有16吨车辆总重(GVW)的公共交通巴士(电力或混合电力巴士)通常覆盖大约200公里的城市一天行程。假设巴士在一个巴士站花费的平均时间是约一分钟。并且,考虑巴士在城市环线中行驶的两个巴士站之间的距离是2公里到5公里之间。为了完成上述要求,电力或混合动力巴士,通常地,将需要持续至少200公里的城市使用的电池。因此,电力/混合巴士需要200千瓦时范围内的大的电池组,这会显著增加运行成本。
另外,使用单个马达来驱动巴士需要大尺寸的马达和沉重的重量。此外,对于一个重型单个马达,较高的惯性会引起响应滞后。甚至一个单独的大马达不能够优化电池消耗。此外,需要采用多级齿轮箱达到更高的速度。
因此,需要一种具有一个或多个马达的系统,用于将汽车转换成混合电动车和/或电动车。本发明的系统,具有多个马达以能优化电池消耗,通过根据推动汽车所需要的力矩来运转一个或多个马达。
概述
本发明的一个实施例描述了用来将汽车转换为混合电动汽车和电动汽车的改装系统。带有本发明的系统,现有的车能够转换为一个轻度混合的、一个完全混合的、一个纯粹的电动汽车,具有更高容量马达的电动车和重型电动车。因此,利用本发明的系统,现有的车辆可以被转换成不同的范围的混合动力和电动车,根据需要,对现有车辆组件没有太多修改。该系统包括一个电源(EPS),其包括一个或多个马达以向车辆提供故障保护扭矩和电线束制动能用于充电一个或多个电池,一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA),配置为耦合一个或多个马达至传动轴以用于向车辆提供扭矩,和耦合至电源(EPS)的电子控制单元以用于动态控制基于运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车辆。
在一个实施例中,一个或多个连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)被配置为将在垂直位置和平行位置中的至少一个位置的一个或多个电源与传动轴连接。电子控制单元(ECU)被配置成控制和提供能源给车辆子系统,车辆子系统包括但不限于,空调系统、真空制动系统和空气制动系统。一个或多个传感器包括但不限于,油门传感器、制动传感器、和转速传感器,用于提供一个或多个信号至所述电子控制单元(ECU)。发动机控制系统(EMS)通过取得油门输入来控制车辆发动机,油门输入包括但不限于,车辆速度、排气、发动机温度和加速度。全球移动系统(GSM)通信发送车辆相关的信息至网络服务器,从而使网络服务器能监视车辆的工作状态和车辆的位置。由电子控制单元控制的一个或多个马达控制器,提供逻辑来确定运行哪些马达及提取多少的功率以提供在车辆的每一个操作点所需要的扭矩。
本发明的另一个实施例描述了一种混合电动车。所述车包括两个或更多轮子用于通过传动轴接受到的扭矩来推动车辆,一个电源(EPS)包括一个或多个马达以向车辆提供故障保护扭矩和电线束制动能用于充电一个或多个电池,一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)被配置为耦合一个或多个马达至传动轴以用于向车辆提供扭矩,被耦合至电源(EPS)的电子控制单元以用于动态控制基于运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车辆,以及一个或多个电池用于向电源(EPS)和一个或多个与车配套的电气设备提供电能,当电源(EPS)作为发电机运行时所述一个或多个电池被充电,其中一个或多个连接的电力齿轮组件被配置为将在垂直位置和平行位置中的至少一个位置上的一个或多个电源连接至传动轴。
本发明的另一实施例描述了电动车。所述电动车包括两个或更多轮子用于通过传动轴接受到的扭矩来推动车辆,一个电源(EPS)包括一个或多个马达以向车辆提供故障保护扭矩和电线束制动能用于给一个或多个电池充电,一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)被配置为耦合一个或多个马达至传动轴以用于向车辆提供扭矩,被耦合至电源(EPS)的电子控制单元以用于动态控制基于运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车辆,及一个或多个电池用于向电源(EPS)和一个或多个与车配套的电气设备提供电能,当电源(EPS)作为发电机运行时所述一个或多个电池被充电,其中一个或多个连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)被配置为将在垂直位置和平行位置中的至少一个位置上的一个或多个电源连接至传动轴。
附图的简要说明
上述内容以及本发明的其它特征将在下面的描述中进行说明,并结合附图,其中:
图1表示根据本发明一个的实施例示出的将车转换为混合电动车或电动车(EV)的改装系统的方框图。
图2表示根据本发明的一个实施例示出的用于不同配置的系统结构。
图3表示根据本发明的实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的图形表示。
图4表示根据本发明的另一实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)与车辆底盘集成的图形表示。
图5表示根据本发明的实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的套管和配件的图形表示。
图6表示根据本发明的实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
图7表示根据本发明另一实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
图8表示本发明的又一实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
图9表示根据本发明的另一个实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
图10表示根据本发明的另一个实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
图11表示根据本发明的另一个实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
图12表示根据本发明的另一个实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
发明详述
现在将本发明的实施例参考附图详细描述。然而,本发明并不限定于这些实施方式。本发明的装置的各种元件的大小、形状、位置、数量和组成仅仅是示例性并且本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的范围内可以作出各种修改。因此,本发明的实施例仅仅用来向本发明的技术领域中的普通技术人员更清楚地解释本发明。在附图中,相同的标号用于表示相同的部件。
本说明书在多个位置会提及“一”、“一个”或“一些”实施例(复数)。这并不一定意味着每个这样的引用都是相同的实施例(多个),或者该功能仅用于单个实施例。不同实施例的单个特征也可以结合从而提供出其它的实施例。
如本文所使用,单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”也旨在包括复数形式,除非明确说明。应当进一步理解的,术语“包括”、“包含”、“包括”和/或“包含”用于本说明书中时,指明所述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在,但不排除存在或附加一个或多个其它特征整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的群组。应该理解的是,当元件被提及“连接”或“耦合”到另一元件时,它可以直接连接或耦合到另一元件或者可以存在中间元件。此外,如本文中所用的“连接”或“耦合”可包括可操作地连接或耦合。如本文所用的,术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的列出项的任何和所有组合和设置。
除非另有定义,本文中使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有如本领域的普通技术人员所通常理解的本公开内容所涉及的相同的含义。进一步理解,术语,诸如在常用词典中定义,应该解释为具有的定义是在相关领域的内容中的它们的含义是一致的,并且不会理想化或过于正式的意义,除非在本文中明确地解释。
本发明描述了一种用于将车转换为混合动力车或电力车的系统。该系统包括多个电源而非单个大容量电源以优化能源消耗及电线束制动能。此外,该系统具有能结合高可用性的故障安全功能,即由于多台马达,一台马达出现故障将不会妨碍整个系统。该系统还提供了更好的散热效果而无需强制冷却,更好的启动扭矩,和更快的响应而一个大的单个马达由于惯性滞后而具有较慢的响应,这与没有这一限制的小的多个马达截然相反。根据车辆在任何给定时间点的确切扭矩要求,马达的合适数量将由系统的控制逻辑来执行。这将确保该电动机总是在其最佳效率区运转。此外,该系统能够远程监控、诊断和远程控制。
图1根据本发明的一个实施例,示出将车配置为混合电动车的改装系统100的框图。该系统100包括电源(EPS)101、一个或多个电力齿轮组件(EPGA)(图1中未表示)、电子控制单元102、和电池组103。电源(EPS)101包括一个或多个马达101A-101N以提供故障安全扭矩给车辆和电线束制动能对一个或多个电池进行充电。一个或多个电力齿轮组件(EPGA)具有可连接的设计用于耦合一个或多个马达到至少一个用于提供扭矩给车辆的传动轴。电子控制单元102被耦合到电源(EPS)101。电子控制单元(ECU)包括控制逻辑,动态地控制基于扭矩需求和运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车。电池组103包括一个或多个电池并且可以用于以化学能的形式存储电能。电池组103从直接的交流(AC)电源充电。在示范性实施例中,电池组103使用突发集电弓式充电器充电。在另一示范性实施例中,电池组102在停车区域中的充电哨站进行充电。电源(EPS)101可以包括在本领域中已知的任何类型的合适的马达,但优选多相马达。
电池组103提供电能到马达控制器104用于驱动一个或多个马达101A-101N。马达控制器104的控制逻辑控制多个马达101A-101N的功能。在一些实施例中,马达控制器104基于驱动车辆所需的扭矩和功率的量来开动一个或多个马达101A-101N。例如,马达控制器104开动所有的马达来将车从静止位置移动,并随后根据扭矩和功率的要求将101A-101N中的一个或多个马达切断。因此,马达101Α-101N提供功率给车轮来运行混合动力/电动车。马达101A-101N可以通过齿轮或联轴器、或本领域中已知的任何其它方法连接到车轮上。可以注意到的是,在车中使用的马达101A-101N的数量可以依赖于最大负载、车辆的类型、地形和车辆使用时所需要的扭矩和功率来确定。此外,多个马达101A-101N有助于获得较快的功率响应,由于每个马达的低惯性。此外,马达中的一个的故障不会影响车的运行。
图2表示了根据本发明实施例的不同配置的系统的结构。混合动力电动车或电动车包括改装系统100。该车包括两对车轮、用于提供扭矩给两对车轮的轴201、用于通过轴201给两对车轮提供扭矩的发动机、利用一个或多个电力齿轮组件(EPGA)202耦合至传动轴201的一个或多个马达203、电子控制单元204、发动机管理系统(EMS)205、一个或多个3相AC马达控制器206、和电池组207。
发动机管理系统(EMS)通过取得油门输入来控制发动机,油门输入来自所有取决于用户需求的传动器、速度、排气、发动机温度、加速度、和其它参数。从这一油门输入,EMS计算所需功率的量并控制向发动机供给燃料来提供所需的功率。
电子控制单元(ECU)204连接到发动机管理系统(EMS)205用于提供与预定义的配置一致的一个或多个指令。该车辆还包括电池管理系统(BMS),它可以内置在电子控制单元中或者可以配置在电子控制单元(ECU)204的外部,并且由电子控制单元(ECU)204控制。电池管理系统监视每一个电池的电池电压、电流和温度。
3相AC马达控制器206配置为驱动一个或多个马达并由电子控制单元(ECU)204控制。ECU204的马达控制器206的控制逻辑提供指令给一个或多个马达用于在一个或多个操作点根据预定义的参数和预定的指令来提供扭矩。
该车辆还包括车辆辅助设备208、一个或多个传感器209、保护和控制开关齿轮单元210、车辆电池211、DC-DC充电器212、快速充电单元214、控制器区域网络(CAN)、全球移动通信系统(GSM)。所述传感器包括但不限于,油门传感器、制动传感器、和转速传感器。
所述车辆辅助设备208包括一个或多个电源(电池)消耗系统,如空调系统、真空或空气制动系统。现在,当车辆在EV模式下运行时,这些元件将需要控制和功率。所述ECU包括所需的控制逻辑来根据车辆运行状况运行这些设备以及提供动力和根据需要进行控制。
保护和控制开关齿轮单元210提供保护防止可能会损坏系统的任何短路、过电流和过电压。
此外,车辆可以有一个或多个更小的容量的电池211来运行该车辆电气负载,例如但不限于,雨刷、照明灯、喇叭、音乐系统。所述DC-DC充电器212通过从电池组的电压转换到车辆电池所需要的电压来给车辆电池211充电。
在増程器或EV车配置中,较大的电池组需要被用于驱动车辆并且这将会在外部通过一个快速充电站进行充电。这是在车辆外侧由虚线所示。每当车辆得到机会停下来,它可以在不到15分钟的时间内快速的为电池充电。
控制器区域网络(CAN)配置在车辆中使微控制器和其它通信设备在车辆内相互通信。GSM是一个远程信息装置,用于从ECU向网络服务器传送信息以监测该车辆的状况和位置。它有一个诊断算法,可预先确定车辆的潜在故障和车辆故障。
图3表示根据本发明的实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的图形表示。图3表示两个马达通过齿轮组件连接到所述轴。每个马达具有一个连接到冠的小齿轮,其安装在该轴上。具有这种布置,马达的功率垂直传送。
图4表示根据本发明的另一实施例的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)与车辆底盘集成的图形表示。图4表示传动轴的三段,前段401连接到发动机(获取发动机振动),中段402连接到底盘以及后段403连接到差速器(获取道路振动)。EPGA连接到轴的中段,由于它连接到底盘所以它是最稳定的轴。鉴于此,传动轴的中心部分的长度是确定可在车辆中级联的EPGA的数量的控制点。
在本发明的一个实施例中,为了增大具有较短长度的轴的功率,所述的EPS的长度或直径可以增加以获得更大的功率出于相同的EPGA套管设计。
图5表示根据本发明的实施例示出的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的套管和配件的图形表示。在该图中,不同长度的两个马达连接于EPGA(如图3和4中所公开)以获取可变量的功率。
在一个实施例中,在本系统中使用的所述的EPS具有如下所述的不同的特性:
1.不同的两极-例如
●8极马达可以在车辆发动过程中使用用作更好的高效电机驱动和再生的起动扭矩,两者
●4或6极马达可以用于中档操作
●2极可用于高速操作
所有马达连接到使用EPGA的车,可以用于特殊的驾驶需求,例如,陡爬坡、紧急制动、突然加速、超车等而不换高档齿轮。
2.根据马达的运转速度决定不同的额定功率。例如,低的额定功率用于低速高扭矩马达,反之亦然。
3.根据运算占空比来决定EPS的不同尺寸。例如在城市环境下,由于高占空比导致EPS将趋向升温,因此EPS的该马达的降额将必须更高。
根据实施例,一个EPS的额定扭矩的计算公式如下所示:
例如,如果在车轮所需的扭矩是20000牛顿米,具有峰值扭矩因子2的2个EPS,具有6的差动比、EPGA比为5,那么采用上述公式,一个ESP所需要的额定扭矩是167牛顿米。
EPGA的配置:
本发明的EPGA的配置是一个完整的模块化配置。由于这种模块化设计,有可能通过各种安排将多个电源连接在一起。其中的一些安排在下面详细讨论。在EPGA中,垂直于传动轴的所有EPS相连接,通过在差速器中较常使用的准双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置。然而,有可能使用任何类型的齿轮,其可以垂直地发射功率,代替准双曲面异形冠和小齿轮,如简单的锥齿轮。但应该指出的是,下面提及的EPGA配置仅仅是说明性的而且根据车辆要求的多种配置的组合都是可能的。例如,任何数目的马达可以使用的,可被安排在配置的任何组合中,所有在垂直、所有在并行、平行和垂直排列的任何组合、以及以上的任何组合。此外,任何长度和功率的马达,以及其中任意组合的多个马达,也可以按要求使用。
图6-12示出了在不同的平面图中的电力齿轮组件(EPGA)和用不同数量的电源(EPS)组装的各种配置。
图6根据本发明的实施例示出了电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。在本实施例中,两个电源(EPS)通过具有双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置的EPGA垂直于传动轴连接,双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置常用于差速器中。
考虑其具有通过万向节连接3根传动轴的布置。现在,为了适应这样的安排,传动轴中心被切割以适应所述EPGA。这种较小容量的系统适合于中度混合电动车(MHEV)。该系统包括以下高级别部件:
# | 简介 | 数量 |
1 | 电源 | 2 |
2 | 冠状齿轮 | 1 |
3 | 小齿轮 | 2 |
4 | EPGA套管 | 1 |
图7根据本发明的实施例示出了电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。在本实施例中,4个EPS通过具有双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置的EPGA垂直于传动轴连接,双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置常用于差速器中。
考虑其具有通过万向节连接3根传动轴的布置。现在,为了适应这样的安排,传动轴中心被切割以适应2个EPFA。这种较高容量系统适合于完全混合电动车(完全HEV)。
该系统包括以下高级别组件:
# | 简介 | 数量 |
1 | 电源 | 4 |
2 | 冠状齿轮 | 2 |
3 | 小齿轮 | 4 |
4 | EPGA套管 | 2 |
图8根据本发明的实施例示出了电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。在本实施方式中,2个EPS通过具有双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置的EPGA垂直于传动轴连接,双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置常用于差速器中。
图8中描述的实施例仅包括一个小齿轮,而在图6中描述的实施例包括两个小齿轮。
这是通过改造一个小齿轮面以适应来自第二个EPS的轴直接集成来实现。通过花键或法兰结构实现集成。
在一个实施例中,一个EPS被分为左和右两部分,并通过在中间的一个单轴连接。在中间的轴具有齿轮装置来连接到传动轴上的冠状齿轮。
考虑其具有通过万向节连接3根传动轴的布置。现在,为了适应这样的安排,传动轴中心被切割以适应所述EPGA。这种较小容量的系统适合于MHEV。
该系统包括以下高级别部件:
# | 简介 | 数量 |
1 | 电源 | 2 |
2 | 冠状齿轮 | 1 |
3 | 小齿轮 | 1 |
4 | EPGA套管 | 1 |
图9根据本发明的实施例示出了电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。在本实施例中,4个EPS连接到传动轴,其中两个是垂直于传动轴,另外两个是平行于传动轴。两个EPS通过EPGA的冠和小齿轮装置连接到传动轴,另外两个EPS平行连接到有很少修改EPS设计的传动轴。
图10根据本发明的实施例示出了电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。在本实施中,3个EPS通过万向节连接到所述传动轴,其中两个垂直于传动轴,第三个平行于传动轴。现在,为了适应这样的安排,一个传动轴的中心被切割以适应一个EPS。
图9和图10所示的配置是更高容量的系统并且适于完全混合电动车。
该系统包括以下高级别部件:
# | 简介 | 数量 |
1 | 电源 | 3或4 |
2 | 冠状齿轮 | 1 |
3 | 小齿轮 | 2 |
4 | EPGA套管 | 1 |
图11根据本发明的实施例示出了电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。在本实施例中,6个EPS通过三个级联的EPGA连接到所述传动轴。该EPGA具有双曲面异形冠和小齿轮装置,常在差速器中使用。
考虑其具有通过万向节连接3根传动轴的布置。现在,为了适应这样的安排,传动轴中心被切割以适应3个EPGA。三个EPGA,具有模块化设计,级联在一起。这个极高容量的系统适合于完全混合电动车,它具有较小容量的EPS,以及具有较高的EPS用于倾卸汽车诸如卡车。
该系统包括以下高级别部件:
# | 简介 | 数量 |
1 | 电源 | 6 |
2 | 冠状齿轮 | 3 |
3 | 小齿轮 | 3或6 |
4 | EPGA套管 | 3 |
图12根据本发明的实施例示出了电力齿轮组件(EPGA)的配置。
在本实施例中,4个EPS通过一个改造的EPGA平行连接到传动轴。这里,上面所讨论的配置的60%以上的部件被保留,而使得EPS安装平行成为可能。
在改造后的设计中,刺状或螺旋状的齿轮,适合用于发射功率。这种高容量的系统适用于完全混合电动车或EV。
该系统包括以下高级别部件:
# | 简介 | 数量 |
1 | 电源 | 4 |
2 | 主动齿轮 | 2 |
3 | 从动齿轮 | 18 --> |
4 | EPGA套管 | 1 |
系统配置:
该EPGA的模块化设计配置如以上图6-12所示,提供各种系统配置灵活性,如下所述。但应注意的是,虽然以述配置中的每一个,从图6到图12,提供混合电动车和电动车的不同范围所需的部件的数目,但是,这些数目仅仅是示例性的。例如,一个完整的EV可以被设计,通过仅仅使用两个更大的长度和更高的容量的EPS,而相应地改变其它所需部件的数量。因此,EPS和其它部件的数目可以被布置在不同的组合,以使其适用于现有的车辆需要被转换成混合动力汽车或电动汽车的类型和范围。
所述系统配置和所述ECU控制逻辑用于不同范围的混合电动车和电动车,根据本发明描述如下。
系统配置1:插电式混合电动车
根据一个实施例,所述插电式混合电动车(PHEV)包括多个EPS、多个EPGA、一个电池组、电子控制单元和带有一个或多个的反相器和/或充电器的多相控制器。车辆可以运行到中档速度如在电动车(EV)模式的40公里每小时,超越这个,将作为混合动力车运转。
下面的表1示出了各种示例性组件和该配置中各自的需求数量。
组件 | 数量 |
多马达系统 | |
多相马达 | 4 |
多相马达控制器 | 4 |
马达集成在车辆底盘 | 1 |
能量存储装置 | |
监控电池的能量存储装置 | 1 |
能量管理系统 | 1 |
储能系统集成 | 1 |
充电器 | 1 |
电力系统 | |
电力齿轮组件(EPGA) | 2 |
远程信息处理的混合电子控制单元 | 1 |
线束和保护开关齿轮 | |
线束 | 1 |
保护+开关齿轮 | 1 |
HMI(模式,诊断,协议,全球定位系统) | 1 |
表1:PHEV部件
在一个实施例中,车辆操作被划分成在不同的类别中达到一定的速度,如发动(0至20公里每小时)、加速、巡航、减速、动力和制动。
例如,在满载或过载的条件下从零速启动,所有的马达都可以提供扭矩在发动机处于关闭状态时用以提供完整电发射及零污染。随后,马达将被切断以及发动机将根据需要提供功率。表2根据车辆的状态示出发动机和一个或多个马达的各种指示性操作模式。
能量存储系统的容量在这种配置中不会高,但在减速和制动期间它将每隔一定时间还会补足充电除了环境基准之外。这显著降低当电池容量变小时的解决方案的成本。它也提高了系统的效率,因为静负载减少。假如能量存储系统不被充电时,车辆可以对发动机操作,所述系统可以通过利用再生制动能量作为轻度混合电动车运转。
车辆状态 | 发动机 | 马达1 | 马达2 | 马达3 | 马达4 |
静止 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
发动 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
加速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-低速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-中速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-高速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
减速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
动力 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
制动 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
表2:马达运行模式
这些模式使马达始终在最大效率区(低于额定转速)运行;因此,提高了整个系统的效率。
系统配置2:轻度混合电动车
根据一个实施例,轻度混合电动车(轻度HEV)包括多个EPS、EPGA、一个电池组、电子控制单元和带有一个或多个反相器和/或充电器的多相马达控制器。
下表3示出了各种示例性组件和该配置中各自的需求数量。
表3:轻度HEV组件
现在,与PHEV不同,轻度HEV不具有完整的电启动由于马达的数量减少。车辆操作可以被划分成在不同的类别中达到一定的速度,如发动(0至20公里每小时)、巡航、加速、减速、动力和制动。
表4根据车辆的状态示出发动机和一个或多个马达的各种指示性操作模式。
车辆状态 | 发动机 | 马达1 | 马达2 |
静止 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
发动 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-低速 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-中速 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-高速 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
加速 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
减速 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
动力 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
制动 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
表4:马达运行模式
这些模式使马达始终在最大效率区(低于额定转速)运行;因此,提高了整个系统的效率。
系统配置3:完全混合电动车
根据一个实施例,完全混合电动车(完全HEV)包括多个EPS、多个EPGA、一个电池组、电子控制单元和带有一个或多个反相器的多相控制器。
下表5示出了各种示例性组件和该配置中各自的需求数量。
组件 | 数量 |
多马达系统 | |
多相马达 | 4 |
多相马达控制器 | 4 |
马达集成在车辆底盘 | 1 |
能量存储装置 | |
监控电池的能量存储装置 | 1 |
能量管理系统 | 1 |
储能系统集成 | 1 |
电力系统 | |
电力齿轮组件(EPGA) | 2 |
远程信息处理的混合电子控制单元 | 1 |
线束和保护开关齿轮 | |
线束 | 1 |
保护+开关齿轮 | 1 |
HMI(模式,诊断,协议,全球定位系统) | 1 |
表5:完全HEV部件
完全HEV与PHEV操作一样,但有一点不同在于完全HEV不需要外部充电来充电所述能量存储系统。相反,它使用基于机会的车辆惯性来充电所述能量存储系统。该系统使用来自一个或多个车辆状态产生的能量用于给电池充电,车辆状态来自制动、减速、下坡和空转。
在这种配置中,车辆操作被划分成在不同的类别中达到一定的速度,如发动(0至20公里每小时)、巡航、加速、减速、动力和制动。
在从零速启动,所有的马达提供扭矩在发动机处于关闭状态时用以提供完整电发射及零污染。随后,马达将被切断以及发动机将根据需要而被引入。表6根据车辆的状态示出发动机和一个或多个马达的各种指示性操作模式。
车辆状态 | 发动机 | 马达1 | 马达2 | 马达3 | 马达4 |
静止 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
发动 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口12 --> |
巡航-低速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-中速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-高速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
加速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
减速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
动力 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
制动 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
表6:马达运行模式
这些模式使马达始终在最大效率区(低于额定转速)运行提高整个系统的效率。
系统配置4:电动车
本发明的一个实施例描述了电动车(EV)包括多个EPS、多个EPGA、一个电池组、电子控制单元和带有一个或多个反相器和/或充电器的多相控制器。
下表7示出了各种示例性组件和该配置中各自的需求数量。
组件 | 数量 |
多马达系统 | |
多相马达 | 4 |
多相马达控制器 | 4 |
马达集成在车辆底盘 | 1 |
能量存储装置 | |
监控电池的能量存储装置 | 1 |
能量管理系统 | 1 |
储能系统集成 | 1 |
充电器 | 1 |
电力系统 | |
电力齿轮组件(EPGA) | 2 |
远程信息处理的混合电子控制单元 | 1 |
线束和保护开关齿轮 | |
线束 | 1 |
保护+开关齿轮 | 1 |
HMI(模式,诊断,协议,全球定位系统) | 1 |
表7:EV部件
车辆在EV模式下可以运行到最高速度。除此之外,它将会作为一个范围扩展模式运行。
一辆EV在非故障模式只有电功率可用在车轮而无发动机功率。假如使用发动机,它将会扩展范围超过电能存储容量。这里与普通广域电动车的差别在于发动机不仅仅被用于向所述能量存储系统充电,而且还被用于直接驱动所述车辆,而这将是在故障模式下。充电也是通过基于机会的车辆惯性来完成的。所述机会可以是制动、减速、下坡或空转。
能量存储系统容量在这种配置中不高,但在减速和制动期间它将每隔一定时间补足充电除了环境基准之外。这显著降低当电池容量变小时的解决方案的成本。它也提高了系统的效率,因为静负载减少。假如能量存储系统不被充电时,车辆可以对发动机操作,所述系统可以通过利用再生制动能量作为轻度混合电动车运转。
现在,车辆操作可以被划分成在不同的类别中达到一定的速度,如发动(0至20公里每小时)、巡航、加速、减速、动力和制动。
表8根据车辆的状态示出发动机和一个或多个马达的各种指示性操作模式。
车辆状态 | 发动机 | 马达1 | 马达2 | 马达3 | 马达4 |
静止 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
发动 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-低速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-中速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
巡航-高速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
加速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
减速 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
动力 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
制动 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 | 口 |
表8:马达运行模式
这些模式使马达始终在最大效率区(低于额定转速)运行提高整个系统的效率。
在一个实施例中,用于将车辆配置成混合电动车的系统包括一个或多个电力齿轮组件,这些电力齿轮组件对于改装系统来说是可配置到现有车辆中的传动轴,如丘陵地形。其中,没有配备这种系统的车辆可配备EPGA在走丘陵地形之前为了额外功率提升。在这种情况下,所述EPGA将具有预先装配的改造后的传动轴,以便减少装配时间。这将使拆除现有的传动轴和及时装配具有EPGA的新传动轴成为可能。
本发明中所描述的系统增加离合器和发动机寿命由于不需要频繁更换齿轮并且也不会让引擎过度超载。电源的再生通过电力制动,即通过电力负荷下降速度提供益处,诸如增加离合器的寿命,增加了制动蹄片与制动鼓的寿命,发动机的寿命以及节约了制动油。
虽然该系统的发明已经结合在附图中示出的本发明的实施例描述,但并不限于此。但显然本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下可以对其进行各种替换,修改和改变。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于将车转换成混合电动车或电动车的改装系统包括:
电源(EPS),包括一个或多个马达,用于向车辆提供故障安全扭矩和用于对一个或多个电池充电的电线束制动能量;
一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA),配置为耦合所述一个或多个马达到传动轴以提供扭矩给车辆;以及
耦合到电源(EPS)的电子控制单元用于动态控制基于运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车辆。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为连接一个或多个电源到传动轴,所述的电源至少为位于垂直位置和平行位置中的一个。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括发动机控制系统(EMS),用于通过取得油门输入来控制车辆的发动机,所述油门输入包括但不限于:车速、废气排放、发动机温度以及加速度。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括受电子控制单元控制的一个或多个马达控制器,用于控制运行的马达以及提取的功率的量以提供在车辆的每个操作点所需的扭矩。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述电子控制单元配置为使得一个或多个充电单元使用制动能量来充电一个或多个电池。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述一个或多个电力齿轮组件是可配置的,以便改装所述系统到车辆的传动轴。
7.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为将至少一个电源与传动轴垂直连接。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个可连接的电力齿轮组件包括至少一个双曲面异形冠和至少一个小齿轮装置。
9.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为连接至少两个电源到传动轴,其中至少一个通过EPGA的冠垂直于传动轴,其他的至少一个平行于传动轴。
10.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为通过万向节连接至少两个传动轴。
11.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为连接至少两个电源到传动轴,其中,至少一个垂直于传动轴,以及其他的至少一个平行于所述传动轴。
12.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为通过驱动从动齿轮将至少一个电源与所述传动轴平行连接。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括全球移动系统(GSM)通信用于发送车辆相关的信息至网络服务器,从而使网络服务器能监视车辆的工作状态和车辆的位置。
14.一种混合电动车,包括:
两个或两个以上的轮子,通过从传动轴接收到的扭矩来推动车辆;
电源(EPS),包括一个或多个马达,用以提供故障安全扭矩给车辆以及电线束制动能量以充电一个或多个电池;
一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA),配置为耦合所述一个或多个马达到传动轴用于提供扭矩给车辆;
耦合到电源(EPS)的电子控制单元用于动态控制基于运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车辆;和
一个或多个电池用于向电源(EPS)和所述车辆所配置的一个或多个电气设备提供电能,当所述电源(EPS)作为发电机运行时,所述一个或多个电池充电,
其中,所述一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为连接一个或多个电源到传动轴,所述的电源至少为位于垂直位置和平行位置中的一个。
15.一种电动车,包括:
两个或两个以上的轮子,通过从传动轴接收到的扭矩来推动车辆;
电源(EPS),包括一个或多个马达,用以提供故障安全扭矩给车辆以及电线束制动能量以充电一个或多个电池;
一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件(EPGA),配置为耦合所述一个或多个马达到传动轴用于提供扭矩给车辆;
耦合到电源(EPS)的电子控制单元用于动态控制基于运行条件的一个或多个马达的运行来驱动车辆;和
一个或多个电池用于向电源(EPS)和所述车辆所配置的一个或多个电气设备提供电能,当所述电源(EPS)作为发电机运行时,所述一个或多个电池充电,
其中,所述一个或多个可连接的电力齿轮组件配置为连接一个或多个电源到传动轴,所述的电源至少为位于垂直位置和平行位置中的一个。
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