CN105567347B - 一种复合生物柴油及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合生物柴油及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105567347B
CN105567347B CN201510987472.5A CN201510987472A CN105567347B CN 105567347 B CN105567347 B CN 105567347B CN 201510987472 A CN201510987472 A CN 201510987472A CN 105567347 B CN105567347 B CN 105567347B
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杜斌
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Yangjiang Ou Guangdong New Energy Science And Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明复合生物柴油，由以下重量份数的组份制成：生物柴油220份、石化柴油780份、异丁醇52份、二乙二醇单辛醚16份、硝酸异辛酯2.2份、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚16份、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚27份、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯22份、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯11份、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵13份、水200份。本发明复合生物柴油，具有优异的稳定性，稳定度高，不易分层满足燃料油贮存要求。同时本发明复合生物柴油具有较高的含氧量在燃烧过程能够减少炭烟的排放；NOX的排放整体较低，能有效地解决柴油机应用中产生的环境污染问题。

Description

一种复合生物柴油及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料油技术领域，特别涉及一种复合生物柴油及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物柴油是一种优质清洁柴油，可从各种生物质提炼，因此可以说是取之不尽，用之不竭的能源，在资源日益枯竭的今天，有望取代石油成为替代燃料。柴油是许多大型车辆如卡车及内燃机车及发电机等的主要动力燃料，其具有动力大，价格便宜的优点，中国柴油需求量很大，柴油应用的主要问题是“冒黑烟”，我们经常在马路上看到冒黑烟的卡车。冒黑烟的主要原因是燃烧不完全，对空气污染严重，如产生大量的颗粒粉尘，CO2排放量高等。
发动机燃料燃烧产生的空气污染已成为空气污染的主要问题，如氮氧化物为其他工业部门排放的一半，一氧化碳为其他工业排放量的三分之二，有毒碳氢化合物为其他工业排放的一半。尾气中排出的氮氧化物和硫化物和空气中的水可以结合形成酸雨， 尾气中的二氧化碳和一氧化碳太多会使大气温度升高， 也就是人们常说的“温室效应”。为解决燃油的尾气污染问题及日益恶化的环境压力，人们开始研究采用其他燃料如燃料酒精代替汽油，目前燃料酒精在北美洲如美国及加拿大等和南美国家如巴西、阿根廷等已占有相当比例，装备有燃料酒精发动机的汽车已投放市场。对大多数需要柴油为燃料的大动力车辆如公共汽车、内燃机车及农用汽车如拖拉机等主要以柴油为燃料的发动机而言，燃料酒精并不适合。而且柴油造成的尾气污染比汽油大的多，因此人们开发了柴油的代用品生物柴油。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够减少炭烟和NOX的排放，有效地解决柴油机应用中产生的环境污染问题，并且具有良好稳定性的复合生物柴油及其制备方法。
本发明的复合生物柴油，由以下重量份数的组份成制成：生物柴油200～250份、石化柴油750～800份、异丁醇50～60份、二乙二醇单辛醚15～20份、硝酸异辛酯2～2.5份、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚15～18份、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚25～30份、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯20～25份、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯10～15份、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵10～15份、水180～220份。
作为优化，本发明复合生物柴油，由以下重量份数的组份制成：生物柴油220份、石化柴油780份、异丁醇52份、二乙二醇单辛醚16份、硝酸异辛酯2.2份、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚16份、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚27份、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯22份、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯11份、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵13份、水200份。
制备本发明复合生物柴油的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
a、取所述重量份数的生物柴油、石化柴油、异丁醇、二乙二醇单辛醚、硝酸异辛酯、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚，加入到均质机中，在40～45℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
b、取所述重量份数的蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵加入到均质机中，在50～55℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
c、将所述重量份数的水加入到步骤a中的混合物加中，在60～65℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；然后加入步骤b中的混合物，采用超声波搅拌器，在70～75℃条件下，搅拌30～50分钟，冷却即成。
本发明复合生物柴油，采用生物柴油和石化柴油复合，同时添加多种乳化剂，助溶剂，并通过特殊的工艺制备而成；本发明复合生物柴油，具有优异的稳定性，稳定度高，不易分层满足燃料油贮存要求。同时本发明复合生物柴油具有较高的含氧量在燃烧过程能够减少炭烟的排放；NOX的排放整体较低，能有效地解决柴油机应用中产生的环境污染问题。
附图说明
图1是燃烧排放NOX和碳烟排放K/m-1实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面给出的实施例拟对本发明作进一步说明，但不能理解为是对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域技术人员根据本发明内容对本发明的一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：a、取山东百奥能源科技有限公司生物柴油220千克、0号石化柴油780千克、异丁醇52千克、二乙二醇单辛醚16千克、硝酸异辛酯2.2千克、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚（EH-9）16千克，加入到LR-1000高剪切均质机中，在40～45℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
b、取蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚（EL-20）27千克、江苏省海安石油化工厂山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯22千克、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯11千克、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵13千克、加入到LR-1000高剪切均质机中，在50～55℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
c、将200千克的水加入到步骤a中的混合物加中，在60～65℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；然后加入步骤b中的混合物，采用HC-SH-2000超声波搅拌器，在70～75℃条件下，搅拌30～50分钟，冷却即成。
实施例2：a、取山东百奥能源科技有限公司生物柴油200千克、0号石化柴油750千克、异丁醇50千克、二乙二醇单辛醚15千克、硝酸异辛酯2千克、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚（EH-9）15千克，加入到LR-1000高剪切均质机中，在40～45℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
b、取蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚（EL-20）25千克、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯20千克、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯10千克、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵10千克、加入到LR-1000高剪切均质机中，在50～55℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
c、将180千克的水加入到步骤a中的混合物加中，在60～65℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；然后加入步骤b中的混合物，采用HC-SH-2000超声波搅拌器，在70～75℃条件下，搅拌30～50分钟，冷却即成。
实施例3：a、取山东百奥能源科技有限公司生物柴油250千克、0号石化柴油800千克、异丁醇60千克、二乙二醇单辛醚20千克、硝酸异辛酯2.5千克、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚（EH-9）18千克，加入到LR-1000高剪切均质机中，在40～45℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
b、取蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚（EL-20）30千克、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯25千克、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯15千克、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵15千克、加入到LR-1000高剪切均质机中，在50～55℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
c、将220千克的水加入到步骤a中的混合物加中，在60～65℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；然后加入步骤b中的混合物，采用HC-SH-2000超声波搅拌器，在70～75℃条件下，搅拌30～50分钟，冷却即成。
对比例：取生物柴油220千克、石化柴油780千克、硝酸异辛酯2.2千克、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚27千克、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯22千克、水200千克混合后，采用HC-SH-2000超声波搅拌器，在70～75℃条件下，搅拌30～50分钟，冷却即成。
相关实验：稳定检测实验分为四组，本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的复合生物柴油；以及对比例中的复合生物柴油。稳定检测方法，产品装人带刻度离心试管中，离心机中2000r/min转速，分离2 min后，取出试管，读出分离出来的水量。稳定度=乳化油含水量/分离出的水量。稳定度值l～∞，不同稳定度的试样在常温室内静置保存，对照结果是：稳定度=1是不能形成乳化油；稳定度=2，试样3h分层；稳定度=3，试样8h不分层；稳定度=5，试样24h不分层；稳定度=10，试样6d不分层，稳定度=50，试样45d不分层，∞是极稳定，极稳定的试样300d不分层。实验结果见表1。
排放实验，实验分为三组分别采用本发明实施例1，对比例，0号柴油三组燃料，试验用柴油机型号是CT2100Q，为双缸直喷式，标定功率为13.7 kW，缸径为100 mm，活塞行程为105 mm，排量为1.7 L，压缩比为l7，供油提前角为19+1°，最大扭矩点对应发动机转速为1500r／min。采用AVL Digas 4000发动机排气分析仪测量NOX排放；采用AVL Dismoke 4000部分流不透光烟度计测量碳烟排放，选择消光系数K(m-1)表示碳烟排放。实验结果见图1。通过图1可见采用本发明实施例1中复合生物柴油，燃烧排放NOX和碳烟排放K/m-1 均有了明显的改善。

Claims (2)

1.一种复合生物柴油，其特征在于由以下重量份数的组份：生物柴油200～250份、石化柴油750～800份、异丁醇50～60份、二乙二醇单辛醚15～20份、硝酸异辛酯2～2.5份、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚15～18份、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚25～30份、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯20～25份、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯10～15份、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵10～15份、水180～220份；
通过以下步骤制成：
a、取所述重量份数的生物柴油、石化柴油、异丁醇、二乙二醇单辛醚、硝酸异辛酯、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚，加入到均质机中，在40～45℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
b、取所述重量份数的蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵加入到均质机中，在50～55℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；
c、将所述重量份数的水加入到步骤a中的混合物中，在60～65℃条件下，以2600～2800转/分钟转速搅拌2～3分钟；然后加入步骤b中的混合物，采用超声波搅拌器，在70～75℃条件下，搅拌30～50分钟，冷却即成。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的复合生物柴油，其特征在于由以下重量份数的组份制成：生物柴油220份、石化柴油780份、异丁醇52份、二乙二醇单辛醚16份、硝酸异辛酯2.2份、异构醇聚氧乙烯醚16份、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚27份、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚四油酸酯22份、二乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯11份、双十烷基二甲基氯化铵13份、水200份。
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