CN105557504A - Method for pollinating greenhouse capsicum by using honeybees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and relates to a method for pollinating greenhouse capsicum by using honeybees. The method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out routine disinfection and pest killing on greenhouse plants 1-2 weeks before pollination; 2, moving pollination bee colonies with suitable honeybee age 3-7d before blooming of the capsicum, arranging the pollination bee colonies on a rack having a distance of 10-100cm to the ground, and feeding honeybees with common hydromel; 3, carrying out induction feeding on the honeybees with an inducer 3-5d before pollination; and 4, sprinkling the coverage surface of the inner wall of a beehive with a honeybee pollination reinforcing agent on the pollination day, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 10-30DEG C and the humidity to be 50-90%, and letting the inducer fed honeybees go to the greenhouse in order to pollinate the capsicum. Compared with traditional artificial pollination or hormone fruiting technologies, the honeybee pollination method allows greenhouse vegetables and fruits to have the advantages of high output, good quality, high selling price, obvious economic benefit, and high popularity in peasants.

Description

The method of using bees to pollinate hot peppers in greenhouses

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture and relates to a method for using bees to pollinate hot peppers in greenhouses.

Background technique

Capsicum, alias: horn pepper, long pepper, vegetable pepper, bell pepper, Latin name: Capsicumannuum L., Solanaceae, capsicum is an annual or limited perennial herb. Its flowers are solitary, drooping, calyx cup-shaped, inconspicuously 5-toothed, corolla white, lobes ovate, anthers grayish-purple. The fruit stem is thick and drooping, the fruit is long finger-shaped, the top is acuminate and often curved, green when immature, red, orange or purple when mature, spicy. Seeds flat-reniform, pale yellow.

Pepper is an important vegetable and condiment, the seed oil is edible, and the fruit also has the medicinal effect of repelling insects and sweating. The vitamin C content per 100 grams of pepper is as high as 198 mg, ranking first among vegetables. Vitamin B, carotene, calcium, iron and other minerals are also abundant. Medical experts believe that chili can relieve chest and abdomen cold pain, stop dysentery, kill stomach parasites, control heart disease and coronary artery sclerosis; it can also stimulate oral mucosa, cause gastric peristalsis, promote saliva secretion, increase appetite, promote Digestion.

Spicy food has played a positive role in human disease prevention, treatment, genetic improvement, and human evolution because of its functions of sterilization, preservation, seasoning, nutrition, and cold repellent. Therefore, adding a little chili to your daily diet can do a lot of good for your health.

Chili is also a very irritating food, which is the favorite of many people, especially Sichuan people are famous for eating spicy food. Chili is not only its spiciness that can stimulate our appetite, but also has the effect of warming the stomach and dispelling the cold. It has a great effect and has a good effect on treating indigestion.

Pepper cultivation in greenhouses is to use the winter heat preservation conditions of greenhouses to prevent plants from going dormant and allow them to develop normally, so as to achieve early flowering and fruiting, and early supply to the market. Fresh fruits are continuously available from December to June of the following year, spanning traditional festivals such as New Year’s Day and Spring Festival. The supply cycle is long, and it is a high-efficiency cultivation method. About 70% of peppers in Chongqing are planted with facilities to facilitate cultivation. However, due to the influence of the relatively closed production environment such as high temperature and high humidity in greenhouses, the activities of pollinators such as insects are less, which affects the normal pollination and fruit setting of peppers in greenhouses to varying degrees. In production, artificial assisted pollination or hormones are often used to promote fruit setting, which is not only labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and low in work efficiency, but also the residual hormones in fruit setting affect the quality of agricultural products. In recent years, the use of artificially bred insects to pollinate plants has become a growing trend. Our country also has a lot of research results in the pollination of artificially raised bees. For example, Chinese patent 103263407A discloses a production-inducing agent for pollination of flowering plants by bees. Pollution; Chinese patent 1973660 discloses a feed additive for inducing honeybee pollination. The nectar of pollinating plants is selected as the main material, and it is dissolved and stirred evenly with an aqueous ethanol solution. This method adopts organic and inorganic solution treatment, the treatment process is complex, the operation has certain technical requirements, and there are also problems of organic matter and metal ion pollution. And because capsicum has certain excitant, at present, a kind of method of effectively utilizing honeybee to pollinate capsicum for greenhouse has not yet been developed.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is at first to provide a kind of inducer that promotes honeybee to be capsicum pollination, does not adopt chemical reagent and organic solvent treatment, and this inducer can effectively induce honeybee to be capsicum pollination; The second purpose of the present invention is to provide A method for promoting bees to pollinate hot peppers in greenhouses. The method adopts the synergistic effect of an inducer and an enhancer to effectively promote pollination of hot peppers in greenhouses by bees. It is non-toxic and harmless, and has a high pollination success rate. Compared with that, greenhouse vegetables and melons and fruits adopting honeybee pollination technology have high yield and good quality, and their products have high sales price and obvious economic benefits, and are very popular among farmers.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

The inducer for promoting bees to pollinate capsicum consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of capsicum nectar, 5-30 parts of capsicum plant essential oil, and 1-10 parts of water.

Further, the inducer for promoting bees to pollinate capsicum consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15±2 parts of capsicum nectar, 20±2 parts of capsicum plant essential oil, and 5±2 parts of water.

A method for promoting bees to pollinate hot peppers in greenhouses, comprising the steps of:

(1) 1-2 weeks before pollination, carry out routine disinfection and insecticide to the plants in the shed; preferably, carry out ventilation treatment to the shed 1 week before pollination, to ensure that drug residues will not cause harm to bees;

(2) 3-7 days before the capsicum blooms, the pollinating bee colony suitable for bee age is moved into the shed, placed on a frame 10-100cm above the ground, and fed with common honey water;

(3) 3-5 days before pollination, the bees are induced and fed with an inducer; the inducer is composed of the following components by weight: 5-20 parts of pepper nectar, 5-30 parts of pepper plant essential oil , 1-10 parts of water, preferably a bee colony with suitable bee age;

(4) on the same day of pollination, sprinkle honeybee pollination enhancer on the auxiliary cover surface of the beehive inner layer, the temperature in the shed is controlled at 10-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 50-90%, and the honeybees after induction feeding are released for pollination. The honeybee pollination enhancer is a mixed salt of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and the effect of the enhancer is to enhance the pollination enthusiasm of honeybees.

The enhancer of the present invention is a mixed salt of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and the mixed salt can preserve the health of the animal body more than sodium chloride alone, and the pollination enthusiasm of bees is stronger.

Preferably, in the step (3), the inducer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 15±2 parts of capsicum nectar, 20±2 parts of capsicum plant essential oil, and 5±2 parts of water.

Further, in the method for promoting bees to pollinate hot peppers in greenhouses, in the step (2), the concentration of common honey water is 10-50%.

Further, in the method for promoting honeybees to pollinate peppers in greenhouses, in the step (3), select a bee colony with suitable bee age, and induce feeding 3 days before pollination.

Further, in the method for promoting honeybees to pollinate peppers in greenhouses, in the step (3), induction feeding is carried out at least 3 times in total. Preferably 3-6 times.

Further, any one of the methods for promoting honeybees to pollinate peppers in greenhouses, in the step (3), the method of using inducer to induce feeding of honeybees is: twice a day, once when the honeybees go out of the nest in the early morning , once in the afternoon when the bees are resting.

Further, in the method for promoting bees to pollinate peppers in greenhouses, in the step (4), the weight ratio of sodium chloride to potassium chloride in the bee pollination enhancer is 1-3:1.

Further, in the method for promoting honeybees to pollinate hot peppers in greenhouses, in the step (4), the bee pollination enhancer is sprinkled on the surface of the secondary cover of the beehive inner layer, and the thickness of the bee pollination enhancer is 0.1-1cm.

The application of the combination of the inducer and the bee pollination enhancer of the present invention in promoting honeybees to pollinate greenhouse peppers, the bee pollination enhancer is a mixed salt of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Compared with the traditional artificial assisted pollination or hormone fruit setting technology, greenhouse vegetables and melons and fruits using bee pollination technology have high yield and good quality. The products have high sales price and obvious economic benefits, and are very popular among farmers.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1) The inducer of the present invention does not use chemical reagents and organic solvents for treatment, and the inducer can effectively induce bees to pollinate capsicum. It is completely non-toxic and harmless, and will not cause chemical pollution. It will not cause harm to the growth of the plant itself. 2) The method for promoting honeybee pollination of greenhouse peppers of the present invention uses the synergistic effect of inducer and enhancer to effectively promote honeybees to pollinate greenhouse peppers, is non-toxic and harmless, and has a high pollination success rate. The enhancer used in the present invention The mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride can increase the pollination enthusiasm of bees without causing any environmental pollution. 3) The method of the present invention is safe and harmless, and has high efficiency. It not only reduces the cost, but also improves the seed setting rate of peppers and improves the sweetness of peppers. It is a pollination method worth popularizing. Compared with the traditional artificial assisted pollination or hormone fruit setting technology, greenhouse vegetables and melons and fruits using bee pollination technology have high yield and good quality. The products have high sales price and obvious economic benefits, and are very popular among farmers.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment. The examples given are for better description of the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the examples given. Therefore, non-essential improvements and adjustments to the implementation by those skilled in the art based on the content of the invention above still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The experimental methods that do not specify specific conditions in the examples cited in the present invention are usually carried out according to conventional conditions, or according to the conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents and medicines used in the examples cited in the present invention are all obtained through commercial channels.

Pepper essential oil can be purchased in the market, or you can use the flowers of pepper to extract yourself, first use 60-90% ethanol solution to extract three times, combine the three extracts, freeze and dry in vacuum to remove residual ethanol, then dissolve with distilled water, and remove the precipitate Impurities are fine. This method is routinely used in the extraction of plant sugars or other active substances and will not be described in detail.

Example 1

In the capsicum plantation greenhouse of Tongliang District, Chongqing, implement the method of the present invention.

Specific steps are as follows:

(1) Greenhouse disinfection, insecticide, and ventilation pretreatment: 2 weeks before pollination, the peppers in the shed were sprayed with pesticides for disinfection and insecticide, and 1 week before pollination, ventilated to ensure that pesticide residues would not cause harm to bees;

(2) 5 days before capsicum blooms, the pollination bee colony that bee age is suitable is moved into the shed, is placed on the frame above ground 50cm, and is fed common 20% honey water;

(3) Bee induction feeding: select a bee colony suitable for bee age, and use an inducer to induce feeding to the bees 3 days before pollination; the inducer is composed of the following components: 100g of pepper nectar, 200g of pepper essential oil, and 50g of water , mixed evenly, put into the feeder in the beehive, and fed twice a day, once when the bees came out of the nest in the early morning, and once when the bees rested in the afternoon, and fed 6 times in total, so that the bees would produce nectar for the plants to be pollinated. Olfactorily adapted and dependent.

(4) Pollination: On the day of pollination, the temperature in the shed is controlled at 15-25° C., the humidity is controlled at 50-90%, and the lid of the case is opened to allow bees to pollinate. Under normal circumstances, pollination lasts until about 15 o'clock in the afternoon. During this process, a layer of mixed salt of sodium chloride and potassium chloride with a thickness of 0.2 cm is sprinkled on the surface of the auxiliary cover of the inner layer of the beehive, wherein sodium chloride and potassium chloride The weight ratio of potassium is 1:1, and it is advisable to spread the salt to form a thin layer on the surface of the auxiliary cover, which can increase the concentration of body fluid in the bee body and enhance the enthusiasm of the bee for pollination.

The key point of the present invention is the invention of the inducer and the enhancer, which are non-toxic, harmless, easy to operate, have no influence on the surrounding environment and the growth of the plant itself, and are worthy of popularization in this field.

Contrast Example Pollination Effect Contrast

The greenhouses planted and nursed at the same time were selected, with the same area, and artificial assisted pollination was adopted; the effect of this pollination method and the pollination method of Example 1 was compared, and the results are shown in Table 1.

The method of the present invention of table 1 compares with the effect of artificial assisted pollination

It can be clearly seen from the above table that the seed-setting rate, yield per mu and quality of honeybee pollination of the present invention are obviously higher than artificial assisted pollination.

Example 2

In the capsicum plantation greenhouse of Tongnan District, Chongqing, implement the method of the present invention.

Specific steps are as follows:

(1) Greenhouse disinfection, insecticide, and ventilation pretreatment: 2 weeks before pollination, the peppers in the shed were sprayed with pesticides for disinfection and insecticide, and 1 week before pollination, they were ventilated to ensure that pesticide residues would not cause harm to bees.

(2) 7 days before the capsicum flowering, the pollinating bee colony suitable for bee age was moved into the shed, placed on a frame 60 cm above the ground, and fed with common 30% honey water.

(3) Honeybee induction feeding: select a bee colony suitable for bee age, and use an inducer to induce feeding to the bees 3 days before pollination; the inducer is composed of the following components: 120g of pepper nectar, 220g of pepper essential oil, and 80g of water , mixed evenly, added to the feeder in the beehive, and fed twice a day, one time when the bees came out of the nest in the early morning, and one time when the bees rested in the afternoon, a total of 6 times of feeding, so that the bees would produce nectar for the plants to be pollinated. Olfactorily adapted and dependent.

(4) Pollination: On the day of pollination, the temperature in the shed is controlled at 20-22° C., the humidity is controlled at 60-70%, and the lid of the case is opened to allow bees to pollinate.

Under normal circumstances, pollination lasts until about 15 o'clock in the afternoon. During this process, a layer of mixed salt of sodium chloride and potassium chloride with a thickness of 0.5 cm is sprinkled on the surface of the auxiliary cover of the inner layer of the beehive, wherein sodium chloride and potassium chloride The weight ratio of potassium is 2:1, which can increase the body fluid concentration of bees and enhance the enthusiasm of bees for pollination.

Comparative Example 1

Choose the greenhouse of planting and nursing at the same time, the area is consistent, adopt the same method pollination as embodiment 2, the difference is only the enhancer, the enhancer of comparative example 1 only selects sodium chloride.

Comparative Example 2

Choose greenhouses that are planted and cared for at the same time, with the same area, and use artificial assisted pollination.

The effects of Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were compared, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Effect comparison of different pollination methods

Test index Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Single fruit weight g 42.76±8.23 40.31±8.11 37.38±7.92 Fruit length cm 12.05±1.63 10.09±1.77 11.12±1.23 Fruit width cm 3.94±0.35 3.68±0.39 3.46±0.32 number of ventricles 3.22±0.54 3.02±0.56 3.46±0.69 number of seeds 152.66±48.59 149.32±45.23 119.74±43.56 Deformed fruit rate% 8.92±1.21 9.01±1.15 16.55±5.45 Fruit set rate 67.32±2.54 65.53±2.19 61.17±2.25 Total output g 467.31±26.48 445.25±25.57 385.12±21.28 Soluble solids% 5.6 4.9 5.6 Vitamin C mg/kg 279 252 152 Total acid g/kg 0.77 0.75 0.89 Total sugar g/100g 2.4 2.2 2.1

It can be clearly seen from the above table that the seed-setting rate, yield per mu and quality of bee pollination of the present invention are significantly higher than artificial assisted pollination and the bee pollination method using sodium chloride alone as an enhancer.

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. promote that honeybee is the derivant of capsicum pollination, is characterized in that, is made up of the component of following weight portion: capsicum nectar 5-20 part, capsicum plant essential oil 5-30 part, water 1-10 part.

2. promotion honeybee according to claim 1 is the derivant of capsicum pollination, it is characterized in that, is made up of the component of following weight portion: capsicum nectar 15 ± 2 parts, capsicum plant essential oil 20 ± 2 parts, 5 ± 2 parts, water.

3. promote that honeybee is the method for shed for pepper pollination, is characterized in that, comprises the step of carrying out as follows:

(1) in 1-2 week before pollination, routine disinfection and desinsection are carried out to canopy implants;

(2) the pollination bee colony that honeybee age is applicable to is moved into canopy indoor in 3-7 days before blooming by capsicum, is placed on the frame of overhead 10-100cm, common hydromel of feeding;

(3) 3-5 day before pollination, use the derivant described in claim 1 or 2 to carry out induction to honeybee and feed;

(4) pollinated the same day, sprinkle honeybee pollination reinforcing agent at the secondary cap surface of beehive internal layer, temperature of shed controls at 10-30 DEG C, and humid control is at 50-90%, put and induce the honeybee after feeding to pollinate, described honeybee pollination reinforcing agent is the salt-mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.

4. promotion honeybee according to claim 3 is the method for shed for pepper pollination, and it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the concentration of common hydromel is 10-50%.

5. promotion honeybee according to claim 3 is the method for shed for pepper pollination, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), within first 3 days, carries out induction feed in pollination.

6. promotion honeybee according to claim 3 is the method for shed for pepper pollination, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), induction is fed and carried out at least 3 times altogether.

7. the promotion honeybee according to any one of claim 3-6 is the method for shed for pepper pollination, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), derivant is used to induce the method for feeding to be to honeybee: every day twice, once when early morning, honeybee went out nest, when being once afternoon honeybee rest.

8. promotion honeybee according to claim 3 is the method for shed for pepper pollination, and it is characterized in that, in described step (4), in described honeybee pollination reinforcing agent, the weight ratio of sodium chloride and potassium chloride is 1-3:1.

9. promotion honeybee according to claim 3 is the method for shed for pepper pollination, and it is characterized in that, in described step (4), sprinkle honeybee pollination reinforcing agent at the secondary cap surface of beehive internal layer, the thickness of described honeybee pollination reinforcing agent is 0.1-1cm.

10. the derivant described in claim 1 or 2 and honeybee pollination reagents recombination are promoting that honeybee is the application during shed for pepper is pollinated, and described honeybee pollination reinforcing agent is the salt-mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.