CN105553680A - 基于网络特征创建虚拟接口的系统和方法 - Google Patents

基于网络特征创建虚拟接口的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN105553680A
CN105553680A CN201510671892.2A CN201510671892A CN105553680A CN 105553680 A CN105553680 A CN 105553680A CN 201510671892 A CN201510671892 A CN 201510671892A CN 105553680 A CN105553680 A CN 105553680A
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CN105553680B (zh
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I·索利斯
G·C·斯科特
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/189—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast in combination with wireless systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1886—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with traffic restrictions for efficiency improvement, e.g. involving subnets or subdomains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0893—Assignment of logical groups to network elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/12—Discovery or management of network topologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0876—Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/38—Flow based routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

网络配置系统为相邻网络节点的分组创建稳定的虚拟接口。操作中，所述系统可以从一个或多个网络邻居获得网络邻居信息。此网络邻居信息包括双工邻居信息，所述双工邻居信息指示所述网络邻居的至少一组相邻装置和通过相应邻居可访问的一组远程网络节点。所述系统可以使用网络邻居信息确定具有共同的网络特征的一组或多组网络邻居，使得相应分组包括一个或多个相互连接的网络对等装置。所述系统然后可以定义相应分组的稳定网络邻居的虚拟接口，使得所述虚拟接口的成员节点包括所述本地网络节点和所述相应分组的相互连接的网络对等装置。

Description

基于网络特征创建虚拟接口的系统和方法
技术领域
本申请一般涉及计算机网络。更具体地，本申请涉及一种网络节点，其基于彼此之间进行双工通信的一组相互侦听(mutual-listener)装置的网络和/或装置特征创建虚拟接口。
背景技术
Ad-hoc(特别)和多跳无线网络允许移动装置与其无线范围之外的远程装置通信，而不需要固定的网络设施。这些移动装置可以在新装置进入其覆盖区或者当其它装置离开其覆盖区时修改其本地网络拓扑。同样，每个无线装置可以通过使用穿越各个网络对等装置的路径与其直接覆盖区之外的另一装置通信。
无线ad-hoc网络中的一些装置具有一个或多个无线接口，如Wi-Fi射频或蓝牙射频，以与其广播范围内的其它相邻装置通信。这些装置可以为每个无线接口创建逻辑接口，逻辑接口包括装置可以通过无线接口与之通信的一个或多个邻居。
在内容中心网络(CCN)中，不允许CCN节点通过与它接收包的接口相同的接口转发包。然而，通过逻辑接口可访问的相邻装置中的一些可以不在彼此的广播范围内，这是可能的。因此，如果CCN节点需要在两个相邻节点之间转发包，则CCN节点可能需要通过与曾用来接收包相同的逻辑接口转发包，这可能有创建转发循环的不期望的效果。
更糟糕的是，并非所有通过逻辑接口可访问的邻居都可能是一些远程网络节点组的网关。因此，通过逻辑接口转发包可能导致将包转发到不能够到达包的预期接收者的一组邻居。
发明内容
一个实施例提供为相邻节点的分组创建稳定的虚拟接口的网络配置系统。操作中，所述系统可以从一个或多个网络邻居获得网络邻居信息。此网络邻居信息包括双工邻居信息，所述双工邻居信息指示所述网络邻居的至少一组相邻装置和通过相应邻居可访问的一组远程网络节点。所述系统可以使用网络邻居信息确定具有共同的网络特征的一个或多个网络邻居分组，使得相应分组包括一个或多个相互连接的网络邻居。所述系统然后可以为相应分组的稳定网络邻居定义虚拟接口，使得所述虚拟接口的成员节点包括所述本地网络节点和所述相应分组的相互连接的网络对等节点。
在一些实施例中，本地网络节点包括内容中心网络(CCN)的网络节点。在CCN中，每项内容是分别被命名的，每项数据被绑定到将该数据与任何其它项数据相区分的唯一名称，诸如相同数据的其它形式或来自其它源的数据。此唯一名称允许网络装置通过传播指示唯一名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据，并且应用程序可以获得与数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用和传输装置无关的数据。以下词语描述CCN架构的元件：
内容对象(ContentObject)：单一一项命名数据，其绑定到唯一名称。内容对象是“永久的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算装置内或者在不同的计算装置中移动，但不会改变。如果内容对象的任何组成变化，则出现变化的实体创建包括更新内容的新内容对象，并且将新内容对象绑定到新的唯一名称。
唯一名称(UniqueName)：CCN中的名称通常是与位置无关的，唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发装置不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何，可以使用名称或名称前缀将包向生成或存储内容对象的网络节点转发。在一些实施例中，名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以分成几个分层组成，这些组成可以以各种方式构造。例如，个别的名称组成parc，home，ccn和test.txt可以以左对齐的前缀为主的方式构造，形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。附加组成可以用来区分内容项目的不同形式，诸如合作文档。
在一些实施例中，名称可以包括标识符，诸如由内容对象的数据(例如检验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的组成部分导出的散列值。基于散列的名称在发明人IgnacioSolis于2013年3月20日提交的名称为“ORDERED-ELEMENTNAMINGFORNAME-BASEDPACKETFORWARDING”的美国专利申请号13/847,814中描述。名称还可以是扁平标签(flatlabel)。后面，“名称”用来指在名称数据网络中一条数据的任何名称，诸如层次名称或名称前缀，扁平名称(flatname)，固定长度的名称，任意长度的名称，或者标签(例如多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(Interest)：指示对一条数据的请求的包，包括该条数据的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以在CCN上传播请求或兴趣，CCN路由器可以向可以提供请求的数据的存储装置(例如缓存服务器)或数据生产者播送，以满足请求或兴趣。
CCN架构在美国专利申请号12/338,175中描述(发明人VanL.Jacobson和DianaK.Smetters于2008年12月18日提交，律师案号PARC-20080626-US-NP，名称为“CONTROLLINGTHESPREADOFINTERESTSANDCONTENTINACONTENTCENTRICNETWORK”)。
在一些实施例中，相应的虚拟接口的成员网络节点包括多个网络邻居，所述多个网络邻居通过本地网络节点的共同的物理或虚拟接口与本地网络节点通信。
在这些实施例的一些变形中，所述多个网络邻居包括通过所述本地网络节点的共同的物理或虚拟接口经由永久性网络连接与所述本地网络节点通信的一组稳定的网络邻居。
在一些实施例中，相应网络节点的网络邻居信息可以包括：用于所述相应网络节点的连接信息；以及所述相应网络节点是否是远程网络的网关的指示；和/或所述相应网络节点的预存配置。所述网络邻居信息还可以包括路由信息、链接特征、预存链接特征、历史连接信息、和/或预测的连接信息。
在一些实施例中，相应虚拟接口的成员网络节点包括与所述本地网络节点通过个人局域网(PAN)的物理接口或虚拟接口通信的网络邻居。
在这些实施例的一些变形中，所述PAN的物理或虚拟接口包括蓝牙接口、无线光通信接口、视线通信接口和/或无线通用串线总线(USB)接口。
在一些实施例中，所述系统可以监视由一个或多个相邻网络节点发送的网络包。如果所述系统确定网络邻居已经离开所述本地网络节点的网络邻居，所述系统确定与被确定的网络邻居关联的虚拟接口；以及从确定的虚拟接口中去掉确定的网络邻居。
在一些实施例中，所述系统可以监视由一个或多个相邻网络节点发送的网络包。如果所述系统确定网络邻居已经进入所述本地网络节点的网络邻居，所述系统为预定的网络邻居创建新的虚拟接口。
在一些实施例中，所述系统可以从一个或多个网络邻居接收更新的网络邻居信息。如果所述系统基于所述更新的网络邻居信息确定网络邻居的网络特征已经改变，所述系统确定被确定的网络邻居的网络特征是否与网络接口所属的虚拟接口的网络特征兼容。如果所述系统确定被确定的网络邻居的网络特征与所述虚拟接口的网络特征不兼容，所述系统可以从所述虚拟接口中去掉所述网络邻居；并为所述确定的网络邻居创建新的虚拟接口。
附图说明
图1图解说明根据实施例的示例性网络环境，其促进基于可用虚拟接口的特征转发网络包。
图2图解说明根据实施例的示例性网络节点。
图3呈现根据实施例图解说明定义一个或多个虚拟接口的示例性方法的流程图，其中，所述一个或多个虚拟接口各自包括一组相互侦听相互连网(mutual-listenermutual-network)邻居。
图4图解说明根据实施例一组相互侦听网络节点的示例性邻接表。
图5A-5B图解说明根据实施例在各个网络节点上的虚拟接口定义。
图6呈现对根据实施例更新虚拟接口定义的示例性方法进行图解说明的流程图。
图7呈现对根据实施例在网络节点上处理网络包的示例性方法进行图解说明的流程图。
图8图解说明根据实施例促进基于可用虚拟接口的特征转发网络包的示例性设备。
图9图解说明根据实施例促进基于可用虚拟接口的特征转发网络包的示例性计算机系统。
在图中，相同的附图标记指相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
给出以下描述使得本领域技术人员能够制造和使用本发明，以下描述是在特定应用和其需求的背景下提供的。对所公开实施例的各种改进对本领域技术人员是非常显然的，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下，本文中定义的通用原理可以应用于其它实施例和应用。因此，本发明不局限于所显示的实施例，而是给予与本文中公开的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。
本发明的实施例提供一种网络配置系统，其解决了基于各种网络特征创建一个或多个稳定的虚拟接口的问题。例如，网络节点可以包括各种物理接口，如Wi-Fi、蓝牙和/或以太网，其各自允许网络节点与各种网络邻居交互。然而，在内容中心网络(CCN)中，CCN节点不被允许通过接收包的接口(例如物理接口或虚拟接口)转发包，作为避免转发循环的方式。因此，网络配置系统可以定义虚拟接口以便包括可以侦听彼此的包以避免必须将包转发到虚拟接口的成员的一组双工邻居(后面称作相互侦听网络节点)。
在一些实施例中，系统选择基于物理或虚拟接口的网络特征和/或相互侦听节点的特征针对虚拟接口分组的相互侦听器。这允许系统生成包括稳定的相互侦听器分组的虚拟接口，以避免一旦创建虚拟接口就必须修改虚拟接口。
同样，系统可以通过基于各种网络特征定义虚拟接口，配置系统使用网络拓扑的方式。这允许系统通过选取最适合包的虚拟接口，做出针对包的转发决策。可能的网络特征类型可以包括：
1)用来连接每个相邻节点的物理接口的类型。
2)与每个相邻节点的连接稳定性。
3)每个相邻节点的网络邻居。
4)通过每个相邻节点可到达的其它网络或远程网络节点。
例如，网络节点可以配置与其相邻节点的一组虚拟接口，使得每个虚拟接口满足以下标准中的一个或多个：
1)每个虚拟接口中的邻居通过相同的底层物理或虚拟接口与本地节点通信。
2)每个虚拟接口中的邻居是相互侦听器。
3)每个虚拟接口中的邻居是连接状态不会改变的稳定邻居(否则这些不稳定的邻居需要在他们自己的接口中)。
4)每个虚拟接口中的邻居将兴趣转发到相同的(若干)网络。如果邻居可以转发到或到达不同的远程网络，则邻居需要被分配给其自己的接口。
使用此标准，网络节点可以为基础设施网络(例如基础设施Wi-Fi)创建一个虚拟接口，假定在基础设施Wi-Fi网络中，Wi-Fi网络的所有成员预期是相互侦听器。网络节点可以为基于广播的以太网网络创建另一虚拟接口，还是因为基于广播的以太网网络的所有成员预期是相互侦听器。
然而，在节点可以进入和离开网络的个人局域网(PAN)中(例如通过蓝牙)，网络节点可以为通过PAN可访问的每个相邻节点分配虚拟接口。这确保在PAN之上构建的每个虚拟接口是稳定的，只要相应的相邻节点在PAN内。例如，蓝牙接口并不提供宽广的覆盖区域，这可以引起网络节点暂时失去与它通过蓝牙连接的相邻节点的连接。如果本地网络节点想为PAN接口的多个邻居创建虚拟接口，则网络节点(虚拟接口的另一节点)需要在每次虚拟接口的另一成员离开或重新进入PAN邻居时，重新定义虚拟接口。然而，因为系统给PAN接口的每个相邻节点分配虚拟接口，所以本地网络节点只需要创建或消除(teardown)进入或离开PAN邻居的每个个别PAN邻居的虚拟接口，而不修改到其它PAN邻居的虚拟接口的定义。
在一些实施例中，网络节点可以象点-点链接的集合一样对待不稳定的广播网络(例如，ad-hocWi-Fi网络或蓝牙网络)。同样，网络节点可以为每个点-点链接创建虚拟接口，而不管建立链接所通过的物理接口或虚拟接口如何。这允许网络节点为进入(或重新进入)网络节点的网络邻居的每个新的或不稳定的邻居创建新的专用虚拟接口，而不必修改现有的虚拟接口的定义。然后在操作中，网络节点只看到到达这些装置的虚拟接口(在虚拟接口可用时)，并不关心建立这些虚拟接口所通过的底层物理接口。
例如，如果网络节点是ad-hoc网络的一部分，则网络节点可以在邻居进入和退出ad-hoc网络时(例如通过Wi-Fi网络)创建并破坏点-点虚拟接口。网络节点可以通过Wi-Fi物理接口创建到一个邻居的“adhoc接口1”虚拟接口，并且可以通过Wi-Fi物理接口创建到不同的邻居的“adhoc接口2”虚拟接口。举另一例子，网络节点还可以通过任何其它物理信道(诸如通过蓝牙或通过已经通过互联网建立的互联网协议IP通道或虚拟专用网络VPN通道)创建每个点-点链接的虚拟接口。网络节点使用这些点-点链接或通道中的每一个作为与点-点链接或通道的其它端点的专用虚拟接口。
图1图解说明根据实施例的示例性网络环境100，其促进基于可用虚拟接口的特征转发网络包。计算机环境100可以包括多个网络节点，这些网络节点通过共享网络102通信，共享网络102可以通过一个或多个物理网络节点实现。在一些实施例中，网络102包括内容中心网络(CCN)，网络节点104-114包括CCN装置。
操作中，网络102的网络节点可以通过每个节点在需要时通过一个或多个物理接口动态地创建并消除虚拟接口，形成ad-hoc或多跳无线网络。更具体地，每个网络节点可以自动地检测一组相邻节点，并基于各种网络特征聚集这些相邻节点，生成每个集群的虚拟接口。这允许每个网络节点自治地创建虚拟接口，而不必显式地使虚拟接口的成员节点与网络102的其它网络节点协商。
例如，网络节点104、106、108和110可以具有彼此之间的直接双工网络连接。同样，网络节点106和108可以具有与网络节点114的直接双工网络连接，网络节点114提供对另一网络122的访问。网络节点110还可以具有与网络节点114以及与提供对网络120的访问的网络节点112的直接双工网络连接。在一些实施例中，网络102的这些装置可以彼此交换双工邻居信息(例如邻接表)，双工邻居信息标识网络装置的一组相邻节点，以及他们可以提供或者直接地或者间接地访问的其它网络。
因为网络节点104、106、108和110可以通过网络102彼此侦听，所以他们能够从彼此获得双工邻居信息。网络节点104、106、108和110可以各自独立地分析彼此的双工邻居信息，确定他们可以形成一组相互侦听器。然而，网络节点106和108都具有与网络节点110不同的网络到达性，原因是网络节点106和108只可以提供对网络122的访问，而网络节点110可以提供对网络节点120和122的访问。因此，网络节点104为网络节点106和108创建(提供对网络122的访问)虚拟接口116，为网络节点110创建(提供对网络120和122的访问)另一虚拟接口118。这确保每个虚拟接口包括一组相互侦听相互连网节点，这些网络节点具有彼此之间稳定的双工网络连接(例如具有相互侦听关系)，并提供对相同的远程网络的访问(例如具有相互连网关系)。
一旦网络102的网络节点已经创建一个或多个虚拟接口，则这些网络节点可以使用他们的本地虚拟接口在网络102上转发包，而不将包发送到接收包的虚拟接口的任何成员节点。例如，网络节点114可以传送指向网络装置106和108并且其标题包括虚拟接口120的标识符的包。网络装置106可以从装置114接收包，并且如果装置116不是包的预期目标，则将包转发到其邻居。装置106分析包的标题，确定包通过虚拟接口120到达，假定虚拟接口120包括可以各自接收其它方的包的装置{106，108，114}，则装置108已经从装置114接收包。装置106然后继续将包通过虚拟接口116转发到装置104，并在包的标题中包括虚拟接口116的标识符，防止包回流到装置108。
在一些实施例中，网络节点104可以通过选择与目标网络关联的虚拟接口将包转发到目标网络。例如，如果网络节点104需要将包转发到网络120，则网络节点104可以执行在虚拟接口表中的查询，选择与网络120关联的虚拟接口。在确定虚拟接口118提供对网络120的访问之后，装置104在包的标题中可以包括接口118，并继续将包通过虚拟接口118转发。
图2图解说明根据实施例的示例性网络节点200(例如CCN装置)。网络节点200可以包括处理器202、存储器204和一组物理接口206。物理接口206可以包括例如Wi-Fi物理接口210、一个或多个以太网物理接口220、蓝牙物理接口230和/或现在已知或以后开发的任何其它物理接口。
网络节点200还可以包括一个或多个虚拟接口208，这些虚拟接口建立在现有的物理接口或虚拟接口之上。虚拟接口208可以包括基础设施Wi-Fi虚拟接口212和/或通过Wi-Fi物理接口210建立的ad-hocWi-Fi虚拟接口214。虚拟接口208可以包括通过一个或多个以太网物理接口220建立的一个或多个虚拟接口(诸如多播虚拟接口222、链接接口224、互联网协议(IP)通道226和/或虚拟专用网络(VPN)虚拟接口228)。虚拟接口208还可以包括每个邻居与网络节点200配对所用的蓝牙邻居接口232。网络节点200建立每个蓝牙邻居接口232，作为蓝牙物理接口230之上的虚拟接口。
在一些实施例中，网络节点200可以在现有的虚拟接口之上创建虚拟接口。例如，网络节点200可以通过一个或多个以太网物理接口220创建“链接”虚拟接口224，并且可以通过链接224创建一个或多个其它虚拟接口。举另一例子，网络节点200可以在链接虚拟接口224之上为“多播信道”的多播地址创建虚拟接口。
在一些实施例中，系统为节点分组创建虚拟接口，这些虚拟接口提供与远程网络节点或远程网络的共同组(例如对表现为VPN或互联网的网关的节点)的连接。本地网络节点可以通过相应的虚拟接口转发包，利用网关特定的虚拟接口来控制哪些网络节点或远程网络接收包(例如兴趣包)。例如，网络节点可以与提供对互联网访问的两个网关耦连，其中一个网关提供到一个互联网服务(例如Amazon.com)的更好信息，另一网关提供到另一互联网服务(例如NYTimes.com)的更好信道。网络节点可以基于一个或多个预定的性能标准(诸如网络延迟时间、安全性和/或网络可靠性)确定哪些网关提供到远程网络或服务的适当连接。
因此，网络节点可以通过基于网络特征创建一组虚拟接口来配置它如何看待和与网络拓扑交互。例如，尽管网络节点可以通过多个相邻节点与两个服务通信，但网络节点可以分析网络特征，以确定哪些相邻节点用作到远程网络或服务的适当网关。网络节点可以为远程网络或服务生成虚拟接口，使得虚拟接口包括对远程网络或服务提供连接的网络节点。
在一些实施例中，网络节点在确定是否将多个相互侦听邻居分成单个接口时考虑其邻居的可到达性。如果两个相互侦听邻居可以将兴趣转发到不同的网关，则本地网络节点给这两个邻居中的每个分配不同的接口，即便他们是相互侦听器。然而，如果两个邻居是相互侦听器，并且可以提供到相同的目标网络的适当网络连接，则既然网络节点可以使用这两个邻居中的任一个来到达相同的目标网络，则网络节点可以将这两个邻居分成单个接口。
在一些实施例中，网络节点可以为每个本地网关创建一个虚拟接口，为整个广播域(例如物理接口的相互侦听邻居的完整组)创建另一虚拟接口。这为整个广播域创建专用虚拟接口，即便网关可能属于整个广播域的接口。这允许网络节点通过其接口选择显式网关使用，而不必使兴趣到达非预定网关。其它网关会忽略兴趣，原因是它不是通过网关所属的接口发送的。
图3呈现一流程图，该流程图图解说明根据实施例用于定义一个或多个虚拟接口的示例性方法300，一个或多个虚拟接口各自包括一组相互侦听相互连网(mutual-listenermutual-network)邻居。操作中，网络节点可以从一个或多个相邻网络节点获得网络邻居信息(操作302)。此网络邻居信息可以包括例如网络节点的连接信息、网络节点是否是远程网络的网关的指示，和/或相应网络节点的预存配置。网络邻居信息还可以包括路由信息、链接特征、预存链接特征、历史连接信息和/或预测的连接信息。
网络节点可以分析网络邻居信息，以确定通过一个或多个相邻网络节点中的每一个可到达的网络(操作304)，并且确定一组相互侦听相互连网分组(操作306)。每个相互侦听相互连网分组包括可以通过物理接口彼此通信(例如是相互侦听器)并向相同的一组远程网络或网络节点提供连接(例如是相互连网邻居)的一个或多个相邻节点。网络节点然后定义每个相互侦听相互连网分组的虚拟接口(操作308)。
要记得网络节点创建每个虚拟接口以包括一组稳定的相邻相互侦听节点。在一些实施例中，网络节点可以在网络邻居进入或离开网络节点的网络邻居时管理该组虚拟接口。例如，网络节点可以监视由相邻的网络节点发送的网络包(操作310)，确定邻居是否已经进入或离开网络节点的网络邻居(操作312)。
如果邻居还没有进入或离开所述网络邻居，则网络节点可以返回操作310，以继续监视在所述网络邻居中发送的包。然而，如果网络邻居已经离开所述网络邻居，则网络节点可以确定与此邻居关联的一个或多个虚拟接口(操作314)，并从这些虚拟接口中去掉此邻居(操作316)。如果邻居曾是虚拟接口的唯一网络节点，则网络节点可以消除虚拟接口。
另一方面，如果新邻居已经进入，网络节点可以为新邻居创建新的虚拟接口(操作318)。注意，新邻居可以并入到现有的虚拟接口中(例如新节点可以是此虚拟接口中的其它节点的相互侦听相互连网邻居)。然而，在一些实施例中，网络节点可以在网络节点不知道与新邻居的连接的稳定程度时，不向现有的虚拟接口添加新邻居。新邻居可以是位置经常变化的移动计算装置，或者可以具有到虚拟接口中的其它节点的弱信号，引起新网络节点失去与虚拟接口的网络节点或其它节点的连接。而是，网络节点可以周期性重新评估各个虚拟接口以合并具有兼容定义(例如具有兼容的多侦听器邻居和兼容的网络特征)的多个虚拟接口。
在一些实施例中，网络节点可以周期性重复操作302-308，以重新定义预期具有稳定的相邻节点的相互侦听相互连网分组。这样，如果在操作312中检测的新邻居恰好是稳定邻居，则网络节点可以将此新邻居添加到包括其它相互侦听相互连网邻居的虚拟接口。网络节点可以例如通过要求到连接新邻居的工作时间(up-time)至少等于预定的最小工作阈值，确定新邻居是稳定邻居。替代性地或者另外，网络节点可以在管理员指定新邻居作为稳定邻居时，确定该邻居是稳定邻居。
图4图解说明根据实施例一组相互侦听网络节点的示例性邻接表。具体地，图1的节点C、D、E和F是共同的物理信道上的相互侦听节点。节点C的邻接表400指示节点C具有邻居节点B、D、E和F，使得节点C可以通过节点E到达网络120，并且可以通过节点B、D和E到达网络122。节点D的邻接表410指示节点D具有邻居节点B、C、E和F，节点D可以通过节点E到达网络120，可以通过节点B、C和E到达网络122。节点E的邻接表420指示节点E具有邻居节点A、B、C、D、E和F，使得节点E可以通过节点A到达网络120，通过节点B、C和D到达网络122。
在一些实施例中，节点F可以分别从其相邻节点C、D和E接收邻接表400、410和420，使用这些邻接表来确定节点F通过节点C、D和E可以到达哪些网络。节点F使用此信息来生成邻接表430，该邻接表430指示节点F具有邻居节点C、D和E，节点F可以通过节点E到达网络120，并且可以通过节点C、D和E到达网络122。
注意，假定邻接表400、410、420和430包括或者作为源节点或者作为邻居的节点C、D、E和F，节点C、D、E和F是相互侦听器。网络节点可以为相互侦听邻居列表创建虚拟接口，还可以为用作远程网络(或预定的目标网络节点)的桥梁的每一组相互侦听邻居创建虚拟接口。例如，节点C可以为所有的相互侦听邻居(节点C、D、E和F)创建虚拟接口，并且可以为通过这些邻居可访问的每个网络(例如网络120和122)创建虚拟接口。网络120的虚拟接口可以包括相邻节点D和E，但不包括节点B，原因是节点B不是节点分组{C、D、E、F}的相互侦听器。网络122的虚拟接口可以包括相邻节点E，节点E是可以用作网络120的桥梁的唯一相邻节点。举另一示例，节点F可以为网络122创建包括相互侦听相邻节点的完全集合(例如，节点C、D和E)的一个虚拟接口，并且可以为网络120创建包括节点E的第二虚拟接口。
图5A和5B图解说明根据实施例在各个网络节点上的虚拟接口。具体地，每个接口表可以包括规定与虚拟接口定义关联的网络信息的列集合。“源节点”列规定生成虚拟接口的网络节点，“虚拟接口”列规定由源节点创建的虚拟接口的名称。“成员邻居”列规定为虚拟接口成员的一个或多个相邻网络节点，“可到达网络”列规定通过虚拟接口可到达的一个或多个网络。例如，包括网络“120”的列表项指示虚拟接口的任何成员邻居可以用来访问名称为“120”的网络。在一些实施例中，可到达网络可以包括命名网络(例如虚拟专用网络(VPN)、互联网等)或可以包括与CCN名称或名称前缀(例如路由前缀)关联的一个或多个远程网络节点(例如网页、互联网服务等)的分组。而且，每个接口表还可以包括规定虚拟接口的附加属性，如性能度量(例如最小和/或最大带宽、最小和/或最大往返延迟、最小和/或最大安全评级等)的附加列。
接口表500规定节点C为邻居节点B创建虚拟接口“接口1”，为相互侦听邻居节点D、节点E和节点F创建第二虚拟接口“接口2”。节点C还为每个相互侦听相互连网分组创建附加的虚拟接口：虚拟接口“接口3”包括连接到网络120的节点E，虚拟接口“接口4”包括都提供与网络122的连接的相互侦听相邻节点D和节点E。类似地，来自节点D的接口表510包括节点B的虚拟接口“接口1”，包括相互侦听器分组的虚拟接口“接口2”，包括提供到网络120(例如节点E)的连接的相互侦听节点的虚拟接口“接口3”，包括提供与网络122(例如节点C和节点E)的连接的相互侦听节点的虚拟接口“接口4”。
接口表520包括提供与网络120的连接的相邻节点A的虚拟接口“接口1”，包括提供与网络122的连接的节点B的另一虚拟接口。表520还包括相互侦听节点：节点C、节点D和节点F的虚拟接口“接口3”。同样，由于相互侦听节点：节点C、节点D提供与网络122的连接，节点E为包括节点C和节点D的网络122创建虚拟接口“接口4”。
在一些实施例中，节点F可以使用邻接表400、410和420生成接口表530。具体地，接口表530包括虚拟接口“接口1”，虚拟接口“接口1”包括相互侦听邻居节点C、节点D和节点E。同样，由于这些相互侦听邻居还提供与网络122的连接，节点F可以生成接口表530来规定接口1与网络122关联。而且，由于节点E还提供与网络120的连接，节点F可以生成另一虚拟接口“接口2”，虚拟接口“接口2”包括作为网络120的网关的节点E。
在一些实施例中，网络节点可以更新对该网络节点上可用的虚拟接口进行定义的接口表。这允许网络节点将不稳定的邻居从相互侦听邻居集合的虚拟接口中去掉，并允许网络节点为新邻居或者具有不稳定连接的邻居生成新虚拟接口。
图6呈现对根据实施例用于更新虚拟接口定义的示例性方法600进行图解说明的流程图。操作中，网络节点可以从一个或多个相邻节点接收更新的网络信息(操作602)。此网络信息可以包括例如邻接表、网络性能度量或者量化相邻节点的性能和安全性和/或与相邻节点的网络连接的任何其它信息。
网络节点然后确定具有新网络信息的相邻节点(操作604)，确定相邻节点所属的本地接口(例如虚拟接口)(操作606)。网络节点可以包括例如已经离开或进入本地网络邻居、具有新的到达信息(例如是远程节点或网络的不同集合的网关)或与本地网络节点的网络连接已经改变的网络节点。与相邻网络节点的网络连接可以在网络连接退化(例如变成不稳定的网络连接)或更新(例如变成稳定)时，在与本地网络节点的网络连接变成不同的物理接口或者当网络节点或与它的网络连接具有新的网络性能度量时变化。
网络节点然后确定相邻节点的网络信息是否与接口的定义兼容。例如，网络节点可以通过从相邻节点和/或任何其它节点接收的邻接表确定与的相邻节点关联的网络信息。网络节点还可以从网络节点的接口表确定接口定义，将此定义与相邻节点的网络信息比较。如果相邻节点的网络信息与接口定义不兼容，则网络节点可以例如通过更新接口表以从接口中排除相邻节点，从接口中去掉相邻节点(操作610)。
同样，网络节点可以确定相邻节点是否仍可用(操作612)，如果仍可用，则将相邻节点添加到接口定义与相邻节点的网络信息兼容的新接口或现有接口(操作614)。
在一些实施例中，网络节点可以通过物理接口接收包，并且在包是通过网络节点是虚拟接口的成员的虚拟接口发送的时，处理包。
图7呈现根据实施例对在网络节点上处理网络包的示例性方法700进行图解说明的流程图。操作中，网络节点可以接收网络包(操作702)，识别包所指向的网络接口(操作704)。例如，网络包可以包括虚拟接口标识符，该标识符规定用于属于相互侦听器分组的一个或多个网络装置的装置标识符集合。替代性地，虚拟接口标识符可以包括装置标识符集合的散列，或者可以包括基于装置标识符集合生成的布隆过滤器(bloomfilter)。
网络节点然后确定它是否是识别的虚拟接口的成员(操作706)。例如，如果虚拟接口标识符包括装置标识符集合，则本地网络节点可以通过确定网络节点的标识符是否包括于装置标识符集合中，来确定网络节点是否是接口的成员。另一方面，如果虚拟接口标识符包括装置标识符集合的散列值，则本地网络节点可以使用散列值来执行对候选虚拟接口表的查询。如果本地网络节点找到匹配项，则网络节点可以得出网络节点是包的虚拟接口的成员的结论。网络节点还可以使用匹配表项来确定为虚拟接口的成员的相邻网络节点的集合。另一方面，如果虚拟接口包括布隆过滤器，则本地网络节点可以使用在双工邻居信息中找到的本地网络节点以及所有相邻节点的装置标识符查询布隆过滤器。导致命中布隆过滤器的装置标识符对应于为由包标识的虚拟接口的成员的网络节点的集合。
如果网络节点是识别的虚拟接口的成员，则网络节点可以继续处理包，作为包的预期接收者(操作708)。例如，网络节点可以包括CCN节点，包可以包括CCN兴趣或内容对象。如果网络包包括兴趣，则网络节点可以对转发信息库(FIB)执行查询操作，以确定用来转发兴趣包的另一虚拟接口。另一方面，如果包包括内容对象，则网络节点可以对未决兴趣表(PIT)执行查询操作，以确定用来转发内容对象的另一虚拟接口。网络节点还可以对包执行其它操作，诸如缓存包的有效载荷(例如内容对象)。
另一方面，如果本地网络节点不是包的标题中标识的虚拟接口的成员，则网络节点可以执行补救措施(操作710)。补救措施可以包括例如忽视包，或缓存包的有效载荷(例如不必转发包)。补救措施还可以包括使用包的标题中的虚拟接口标识符，来更新发送包的相邻节点的双工邻居信息。
图8图解说明根据实施例基于可用的虚拟接口的特征促进转发网络包的示例性设备800。设备800可以包括可以通过一个或多个物理网络接口通信的多个模块。设备800可以使用一个或多个集成电路实现，可以包括比图8中所示的更少或更多的模块。而且，设备800可以集成于计算机系统中，或者实现为能够与其它计算机系统和/或装置通信的单独的装置。具体地，设备800可以包括通信模块802、虚拟接口选择模块804、包处理模块806、虚拟接口定义模块808、标识符生成模块810和虚拟接口维持模块812。
在一些实施例中，通信模块802可以接收包，虚拟接口选择模块804可以确定本地网络装置是否是虚拟接口的成员。包处理模块806可以响应于确定本地网络装置是虚拟接口的成员而处理包。
虚拟接口定义模块808可以基于从一个或多个网络邻居接收的双工邻居信息和网络特征定义一个或多个虚拟接口，标识符生成模块810可以生成相应的虚拟接口的接口标识符。虚拟接口维持模块812可以监视由一个或多个网络对等装置发送的包，以检测网络邻居的变化和/或网络邻居的网络特征的变化，并激活新的虚拟接口或修改现有的虚拟接口以应对检测的变化。
图9图解说明根据实施例基于可用的虚拟接口的特征促进转发网络包的示例性计算机系统902。计算机系统902包括处理器904、存储器906和存储装置908。存储器906可以包括充当管理存储器的易失性存储器(例如RAM)，并且可以用来存储一个或多个内存池。而且，计算机系统902可以耦连到显示装置910、键盘912和定位装置914。存储装置908可以存储操作系统916、接口维持系统918和数据932。
接口维持系统918可以包括指令，这些指令在由计算机系统902执行时可以引起计算机系统902执行本申请中描述的方法和/或过程。具体地，接口维持系统918可以包括用于接收包的指令(通信模块920)。而且，接口维持系统918可以包括用于确定本地网络装置是否是虚拟接口的成员的指令(虚拟接口选择模块922)，并且可以包括用于响应于确定本地网络装置是虚拟接口的成员处理包的指令(包处理模块924)。
接口维持系统918可以包括用于基于从一个或多个网络邻居接收的双工邻居信息和网络特征定义一个或多个虚拟接口的指令(虚拟接口定义模块926)，并且可以包括用于生成相应的虚拟接口的接口标识符的指令(标识符生成模块928)。接口维持系统918还可以包括用于监视由一个或多个网络对等装置发送的包以检测网络邻居的变化和/或网络邻居的网络特征的变化，并激活新的虚拟接口或修改现有虚拟接口以应对检测的变化的指令(虚拟接口维持模块930)。
数据932可以包括通过本申请中描述的方法和/或过程作为输入需要的或作为输出生成的任何数据。具体地，数据932可以存储一个或多个虚拟接口的至少标识符、相邻网络节点的集合的双工邻居信息(例如邻接表)和定义计算机系统902的一个或多个虚拟接口的接口表。
在此详细描述中描述的数据结构和代码通常存储于计算机可读存储介质上，计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储代码和/或数据以由计算机系统使用的任何装置或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁和光存储装置(诸如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用盘或数字视频盘))或能够存储计算机可读介质的现在已知或以后开发的其它介质。
在详细描述部分描述的方法和过程可以体现为代码和/或数据，这些代码和/或数据可以存储在如上文描述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读、执行计算机可读存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储于计算机可读存储介质中的方法和过程。
而且，上面描述的方法和过程可以包括于硬件模块中。例如，这些硬件模块可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、和现在已知或以后开发的其它可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块被激活时，他们执行其中包括的方法和过程。

Claims (10)

1.一种计算机实现的方法，包括：
通过本地网络节点从一个或多个网络邻居获得网络邻居信息，其中，所述网络邻居信息包括双工邻居信息，所述双工邻居信息指示所述网络邻居的至少一组相邻装置和通过相应邻居可访问的一组远程网络节点；
基于所述网络邻居信息确定具有共同的网络特征的一组或多组网络邻居，其中，相应分组包括一个或多个相互连接的网络对等装置；以及
通过所述本地网络节点定义相应分组的稳定网络邻居的虚拟接口，其中，所述虚拟接口的成员节点包括所述本地网络节点和所述相应分组的相互连接的网络对等装置。
2.一种存储指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述指令由计算机执行时引起所述计算机执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
从一个或多个网络邻居获得网络邻居信息，其中，所述网络邻居信息包括双工邻居信息，所述双工邻居信息指示所述网络邻居的至少一组相邻装置和通过相应邻居可访问的一组远程网络节点；
基于所述网络邻居信息确定具有共同的网络特征的一组或多组网络邻居，其中，相应分组包括一个或多个相互连接的网络对等装置；以及
定义相应分组的稳定网络邻居的虚拟接口，其中，所述虚拟接口的成员节点包括本地网络节点和所述相应分组的相互连接的网络对等装置。
3.一种计算机系统，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；以及
计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质耦连到所述一个或多个处理器并存储指令，所述指令由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，引起所述计算机系统执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
从一个或多个网络邻居获得网络邻居信息，其中，所述网络邻居信息包括双工邻居信息，所述双工邻居信息指示所述网络邻居的至少一组相邻装置和通过相应邻居可访问的一组远程网络节点；
基于所述网络邻居信息确定具有共同的网络特征的一组或多组网络邻居，其中，相应分组包括一个或多个相互连接的网络对等装置；以及
定义相应分组的稳定网络邻居的虚拟接口，其中，所述虚拟接口的成员节点包括本地网络节点和所述相应分组的相互连接的网络对等装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中，相应虚拟接口的成员网络节点包括多个网络邻居，所述多个网络邻居通过所述本地网络节点的共同的物理或虚拟接口与所述本地网络节点通信。
5.根据权利要求4所述的计算机系统，其中，所述多个网络邻居包括通过所述本地网络节点的共同的物理或虚拟接口经由永久性网络连接与所述本地网络节点通信的一组稳定的网络邻居。
6.根据权利要求4所述的计算机系统，其中，相应网络节点的网络邻居信息能够包括以下的至少一个：
用于所述相应网络节点的连接信息；
所述相应网络节点是否是远程网络的网关；
所述相应网络节点的预存配置；
路由信息；
链接特征；
预存链接特征；
历史连接信息；以及
预测的连接信息。
7.根据权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中，相应虚拟接口的成员网络节点包括通过个人局域网PAN的物理接口或虚拟接口与所述本地网络节点通信的网络邻居。
8.根据权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
监视由一个或多个相邻网络节点发送的网络包；
确定网络邻居已经离开所述本地网络节点的网络邻居；
确定与被确定的网络邻居关联的虚拟接口；以及
从确定的虚拟接口中去掉确定的网络邻居。
9.根据权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
监视由一个或多个相邻网络节点发送的网络包；
确定网络邻居已经进入所述本地网络节点的网络邻居；以及
为确定的网络邻居创建新的虚拟接口。
10.根据权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
从一个或多个网络邻居接收更新的网络邻居信息；
从所述更新的网络邻居信息确定网络邻居的网络特征已经改变；以及
响应于确定被确定的网络邻居的网络特征与网络接口所属的虚拟接口的网络特征不兼容：
从所述虚拟接口中去掉所述网络邻居；以及
为所述确定的网络邻居创建新的虚拟接口。
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