CN105535488A - 一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105535488A CN105535488A CN201610008054.1A CN201610008054A CN105535488A CN 105535488 A CN105535488 A CN 105535488A CN 201610008054 A CN201610008054 A CN 201610008054A CN 105535488 A CN105535488 A CN 105535488A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂及其制备方法和用途,所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草、取山珊瑚、天蓬草、合欢花、月季、木蝴蝶、叶底红、山豆根、千针万线草、农吉利、千金子、小败火草,在制备时,对山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利进行水提,对木蝴蝶和千金子进行醇提,将小败火草和蛇舌草进行粉碎处理,将合欢花和月季绞汁。本发明中各原料药协同作用起到具有起效快、疗效确切、安全性高和用药简单的作用,制备工艺简单、对环境友好,可以有效缓解牙周炎引起的牙龈炎症、出血、牙槽骨吸收、牙齿松动移位、咀嚼无力等症状,没有毒副作用,为临床缓解牙周炎引起的各种症状提供了一个新选择。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药应用技术领域,具体是一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
牙周炎是侵犯牙龈和牙周组织的慢性炎症,是一种破坏性疾病,其主要特征为牙周袋的形成及袋壁的炎症,牙槽骨吸收和牙齿逐渐松动,它是导致成年人牙齿丧失的主要原因。本病多因为菌斑、牙石、食物嵌塞、不良修复体、咬创伤等引起,牙龈发炎肿胀,同时使菌斑堆积加重,并由龈上向龈下扩延。由于龈下微生态环境的特点,龈下菌斑中滋生着大量毒力较大的牙周致病菌,如牙龈类杆菌、中间类杆菌、螺旋体等,使牙龈的炎症加重并扩延,导致牙周袋形成和牙槽骨吸收,造成牙周炎。牙周炎的患病率和严重性随年龄增高而增加,35岁以后患病率明显增高,50-60岁时达高峰,此后患病率有所下降。
牙周炎的主要临床表现是牙龈炎症、出血、牙周袋形成、牙槽骨吸收、牙槽骨高度降低、牙齿松动移位、咀嚼无力,严重者牙齿可自行脱落或者导致牙齿的拔除。牙周病患者牙龈颜色暗红,由于水肿显得比较光亮。不仅在刷牙时出现牙龈出血,有时在说话或咬硬时也要出血,偶也可有自发出血。在炎症早期,轻探龈沟即可出血,探诊出血可作为诊断牙龈有无炎症的重要指标。
西医治疗牙周炎以局部治疗为主,首先是除去牙龈上方的牙石(医学上称为龈上牙石),然后除去牙周袋内的牙石(即龈下牙石),并刮除牙周袋内含有大量细菌毒素的病变牙骨质,经过这些治疗后,牙龈红肿可以消退,牙龈出血和牙周袋溢脓亦可消失,但治疗费用较高,患者需承受一定的痛苦。另外,治疗牙周炎的西药也很多,主要起到消炎的作用,但大多数西药只能即时缓解症状,难以根除病症,而且有一定的副作用。
中医认为齿为肾所主,肾虚精亏血少,齿失濡养,引起骨质屡软,兼以阴虚火旺,虚火上炎于龈肉,久则牙齿动摇、根露;或由于素体虚弱,或久病耗伤正气,气血不足,牙龈失于滋养而病邪乘虚而入,以致龈肉萎缩,血不循经,齿龈出血,故成牙周炎。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂及其制备方法和用途。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草20-30份、取山珊瑚20-30份、天蓬草10-20份、合欢花10-20份、月季10-20份、木蝴蝶5-15份、叶底红8-12份、山豆根8-12份、千针万线草5-10份、农吉利5-7份、千金子5-7份、小败火草3-5份。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草22-28份、取山珊瑚22-28份、天蓬草12-18份、合欢花12-18份、月季12-18份、木蝴蝶8-12份、叶底红9-11份、山豆根9-11份、千针万线草6-9份、农吉利5.5-6.5份、千金子5.5-6.5份、小败火草3.5-4.5份。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草25份、取山珊瑚25份、天蓬草15份、合欢花15份、月季15份、木蝴蝶10份、叶底红10份、山豆根10份、千针万线草8份、农吉利6份、千金子6份、小败火草4份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入8-10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5-6h后,煮沸3-4h,提取;再次加入6-8倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2-3h,提取;最后,加入4-6倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1-2h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.11-1.15的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入3-5倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1-2h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.12-1.16的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过160-180目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过200-220目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成中药制剂。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述中药制剂的剂型为蜜炼丸剂、水合丸剂、煎剂、胶囊剂、片剂、滴丸剂、糖浆剂、散剂、煎膏剂或浸膏剂。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述中药制剂在制备治疗牙周炎药物中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中各原料药协同作用起到具有起效快、疗效确切、安全性高和用药简单的作用,制备工艺简单、对环境友好,可以有效缓解牙周炎引起的牙龈炎症、出血、牙槽骨吸收、牙齿松动移位、咀嚼无力等症状,没有毒副作用,为临床缓解牙周炎引起的各种症状提供了一个新选择。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草20份、取山珊瑚20份、天蓬草10份、合欢花10份、月季10份、木蝴蝶5份、叶底红8份、山豆根8份、千针万线草5份、农吉利5份、千金子5份、小败火草3份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入8倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5h后,煮沸3h,提取;再次加入6倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2h,提取;最后,加入4倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.11的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入3倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.12的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过160目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过200目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成蜜炼丸中药制剂。
用法用量:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次。
实施例2
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草22份、取山珊瑚22份、天蓬草12份、合欢花12份、月季12份、木蝴蝶8份、叶底红9份、山豆根9份、千针万线草6份、农吉利5.5份、千金子5.5份、小败火草3.5份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入8.5倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5.2h后,煮沸3.2h,提取;再次加入6.5倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2.2h,提取;最后,加入4.5倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1.2h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.12的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入3.5倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1.2h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.13的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过165目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过205目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成水合丸中药制剂。
用法用量:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次。
实施例3
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草25份、取山珊瑚25份、天蓬草15份、合欢花15份、月季15份、木蝴蝶10份、叶底红10份、山豆根10份、千针万线草8份、农吉利6份、千金子6份、小败火草4份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入9倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5.5h后,煮沸3.5h,提取;再次加入7倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2.5h,提取;最后,加入5倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1.5h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.13的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入4倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1.5h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.14的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过170目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过210目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成胶囊中药制剂。
用法用量:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次。
实施例4
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草28份、取山珊瑚28份、天蓬草18份、合欢花18份、月季18份、木蝴蝶12份、叶底红11份、山豆根11份、千针万线草9份、农吉利6.5份、千金子6.5份、小败火草4.5份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入9.5倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5.8h后,煮沸3.8h,提取;再次加入7.5倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2.8h,提取;最后,加入5.5倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1.8h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.14的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入4.5倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1.8h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.15的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过175目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过215目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成片剂中药制剂。
用法用量:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次。
实施例5
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草30份、取山珊瑚30份、天蓬草20份、合欢花20份、月季20份、木蝴蝶15份、叶底红12份、山豆根12份、千针万线草10份、农吉利7份、千金子7份、小败火草5份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡6h后,煮沸4h,提取;再次加入8倍量蒸馏水,煮沸3h,提取;最后,加入6倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸2h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.15的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入5倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡2h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.16的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过180目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过220目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成糖浆剂中药制剂。
用法用量:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次。
对比例1
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:取山珊瑚22份、天蓬草12份、合欢花12份、月季12份、木蝴蝶8份、叶底红9份、山豆根9份、千针万线草6份、农吉利5.5份、千金子5.5份、小败火草3.5份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入8.5倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5.2h后,煮沸3.2h,提取;再次加入6.5倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2.2h,提取;最后,加入4.5倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1.2h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.12的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入3.5倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1.2h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.13的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过165目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过205目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成水合丸中药制剂。
用法用量:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次。
对比例2
一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草28份、取山珊瑚28份、天蓬草18份、合欢花18份、木蝴蝶12份、叶底红11份、山豆根11份、千针万线草9份、农吉利6.5份、千金子6.5份、小败火草4.5份。
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入9.5倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5.8h后,煮沸3.8h,提取;再次加入7.5倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2.8h,提取;最后,加入5.5倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1.8h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.14的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入4.5倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1.8h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.15的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过175目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过215目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成片剂中药制剂。
用法用量:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次。
实施例6
临床试验一:
(1)试验对象:采用本发明共治疗210例患者,其中男110例,女100例;年龄最大者54岁,年龄最小者13岁;
(2)诊断标准:依据国家中医药管理局颁发的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》;
牙龈呈现不同程度的炎症,如牙龈红肿、出血,牙龈溢脓,点彩消失等,牙周袋形成,袋内溢脓,牙齿出现不同程度的松动,患牙的周围可检查到致病因素,如菌斑、牙石、食物嵌塞、创伤性咬牙合以及不良修复体等,x线显示牙槽骨有不同程度的吸收现象。胃火炎型牙周炎症状见有起病较急,牙敞红肿,可有出血、口臭、牙龈疼痛,口干喜饮,心烦易怒,大便偏干,小便短赤,舌红苔黄,脉滑数。
(3)治疗方法:
将210例病人平均分为五组,每组男22例,女20例,一组、二组和三组均为治疗组,一组、二组和三组分别服用实施例1-实施例3制备得到的本发明的治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,四组和五组为对照组,四组和五组分别服用对比例1和对比例2制备得到的中药制剂,使用方法是口服。一次2-4g,一日3次,3天为一疗程。
(4)治疗标准
治愈:炎症消退,牙龈肿痛消失,无炎性渗出物,牙周袋消失或变浅(<4mm),牙槽骨吸收呈静止型,牙齿松动度II0转I0,咀嚼功能改善,全身症状解除;
有效:炎症消退,牙龈肿痛基本消失,基本无炎性渗出物,牙周袋变浅,牙槽骨吸收情况稳定,牙齿松动度减轻,咀嚼功能有所改善,全身症状减轻;
无效:症状、体征略有减轻或无任何变化者。
(5)治疗结果:患者210例病例中服药后多在三天后见效,1-2个疗程治愈;其中治愈98例,有效82例,无效30例,总有效率达85.7%,治疗结果如表1所示:
表1:临床试验治疗结果
由表1可知,采用本发明的治疗牙周炎的中药制剂进行治疗的平均有效率达到96.8%,采用对比例制备得到的药物组合物的有效率只有69.1%,因此,本发明的药物之间具有协同增效作用,增加了中药制剂的有效率。
实施例7
临床试验二:
(1)试验对象:本试验100例均为合肥市某口腔医院2015年接诊的门诊病人,男60例,女40例;随机分组为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组男性30例,女性20例;对照组男性30例,女性20例,两组的性别、年龄以及治疗前临床表现无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗组和对照组的病人于治疗前(基线)用牙周探针检查患牙颊侧近中、正中、远中,腭(舌)近中、正中、远中6个位点,选择每个牙的最深牙周袋作为受检位点。100例患者共600个牙周受检位点,治疗组350和对照组250个。
(2)纳入标准:①符合《中华口腔科学》有关诊断标准;②符合胃火上蒸型牙周炎中医证候诊断标准;③年龄在18~60岁之间;④签署知情同意书。
(3)排除标准:①患有心血管、肝、肾、造血系统、糖尿病等严重疾病及精神病患者;②妊娠或哺乳期妇女,过敏体质者;③长期使用影响牙周组织状态的药物如苯妥英钠、钙拮抗剂、环胞菌素等;④全口牙齿缺少超过10颗牙齿者;⑤不配合治疗者;⑥对本药所含药物过敏者。
(4)试验用药及方法:
治疗组与对照组分别进行正规龈上洁治术和龈下刮治术等基础治疗。用3%过氧化氢液和0.9%氯化钠液冲洗后。测定患牙受检位点近中唇(颊),正中唇(颊),远中唇(颊)和舌侧诸点实验前后的牙菌斑指数(PLI),龈沟出血指数(SBI),牙周袋探诊深度(PD),附着丧失(AL),牙齿松动度(MD)。
(5)试验用药:
治疗组用药:本发明实施例3制备的胶囊剂中药,服用方法:口服。一次2-4g,一日3次,每3天为一疗程,连续服用三个疗程。
对照组用药:口服甲硝唑片每次0.2g,每日三次。
(6)观察指标:
每例患者均由专人负责观察,在治疗前和治疗第21日时,根据牙周炎症状、体征分级量化标准给出相应的积分,主要症状、体征分级量化标准见表2,次要症状、体征(口臭、口渴口干、烦渴多饮、便秘、尿少黄、腰膝酸软)有计1分,无计0分。在治疗前和治疗第21日时分别进行血常规、尿常规、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、心电图及生命体征检查,分别记录治疗组和对照组的牙菌斑指数(PLI),龈沟出血指数(SBI),牙周袋探诊深度(PD),附着丧失(AL),牙齿松动度(MD)等临床症状。
表2:牙周炎的主要症状、体征分级量化标准
主症 | 正常(0分) | 轻度(1分) | 中度(2分) | 重度(3分) |
牙龈出血 | 无 | 刷牙出血 | 进食出血 | 自动出血 |
牙龈红肿 | 无 | 轻度红肿 | 充血水肿明显 | 红肿增生高起 |
牙周袋深度 | 龈沟<2mm | 牙周袋2-4mm | 牙周袋4-6mm | 牙周袋>6mm |
溢脓情况 | 无 | 龈缘少量浑浊分泌物 | 龈缘较多浑浊分泌物 | 龈缘形成小脓肿7 --> |
牙齿松动度 | 无 | Ⅰ度松动 | Ⅱ度松动 | Ⅲ度松动 |
(7)统计学方法:根据所有的病例报告表(CRF)建立数据库,由专门人员录入并校对,使用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析,根据研究目的和资料的性质分别采用t检验、x2检验、秩和检验、Ridit分析。
(8)牙周炎疗效评定标准:
治愈:牙龈肿痛、口臭等症状基本消失,积分减少≥95%;牙周袋≤4mm,探诊牙龈不出血,实验室检查结果正常。
显效:牙龈肿痛、口臭等主要症状明显改善,积分减少≥75%;牙周袋探查深度减少30%以上,探诊牙龈基本不出血,实验室检查结果正常。
有效:牙龈肿痛、口臭等主要症状改善,积分减少≥30%以上;牙周袋探查深度减少20%以上或探诊牙龈有点滴出血,实验室检查结果正常。
无效:未达到有效标准或反而恶化者。
(9)结果:
A、一般资料:
两组患者入组时人口学资料、生命体征、病史、实验室检查等一般资料相仿,具可比性(P>0.05)。治疗前牙周炎症状和体征评分、牙周袋深度、牙齿松动度等基线指标相仿,具有可比性(P>0.05)。
B、临床疗效:临床疗效如表3-表5所示:
表3:两组患者牙周炎疗效比较
组别 | 人数 | 治愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
治疗组 | 60 | 33(55%) | 12(20%) | 11(18.3%) | 4(6.7%) | 93.3% |
对照组 | 40 | 10(25%) | 12(30%) | 6(15%) | 12(30%) | 70% |
注:治疗组与对照组比较,P<0.05。
表4:两组病例治疗前各项牙周指标比较(x±s)
组别 | 位点数 | PLI | SBI | PD | AL | MD |
治疗组 | 350 | 2.12±0.25 | 2.59±0.16 | 5.16±0.30 | 6.00±0.10 | 1.82±0.20 |
对照组 | 250 | 2.09±0.24* | 2.57±0.15* | 5.12±0.28* | 5.97±0.12* | 1.79±0.17* |
注:治疗组与对照组比较,*P>0.05。
如表4所示,治疗前治疗组和对照组各项牙周临床指标的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)表明病例构成的均衡性,具有可比性。
表5:两组病例用药3周后各项牙周指标比较(x±s)
注:治疗组与对照组比较,*P>0.05。
如表5所示,治疗后治疗组和对照组的各项指标有不同程度的改变,经统计学分析差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组疗效优于对照组。
典型病例:
(1)王某某,男,22岁,自述牙龈肿痛、牙敞出血、疼痛一周,服用西药止痛略有好转,但停药即复发。检查:唇口腮颊肿痛,牙龈红肿溃烂。辩证诊断为,脾胃虚弱引发的慢性牙周炎。服用本发明实施例3的胶囊剂,口服。每次2-4g,一日3次,服用三天后出血症状消失,肿胀减小,疼痛减轻。连用两个疗程后,疼痛消失,咀嚼功能恢复正常,复检症状消失,判断为痊愈。
(2)周某,女,52岁,自诉牙龈出现充血性红肿,牙齿松动,舌苔黄腻,舌红,脉象弦数。辨证诊断为肾虚阴亏型慢性牙周炎。服用本发明实施例2水合丸,每次2-4g,一日3次,服用三天后,牙敞充血症状有所减轻,牙松动明显好转。连续服用三个疗程后,咀嚼功能恢复正常牙,龈炎症消失,牙不松动。
(3)孙某,男,58岁,患有牙周炎三年多,全口牙龈普遍色红,质地软,牙床肿胀明显,刷牙及咬硬物出血频繁,伴有咀嚼无力的症状;一直未能治愈,经常反复发作,后服用本发明药物一个疗程后,症状有所缓解,服药四个疗程后,症状基本消失,无出血症状,且咀嚼有力;半年后随访,病情无复发。
(4)胡某某,女,26岁,牙周严重出血,牙周充血水肿,张嘴说话有较重口气,咀嚼口香糖难以掩盖其臭,使用实施例1制备的蜜炼丸来进行治疗,每次2-4g,一日3次,连续服用一周后发现,患者的牙周出血停止,牙周充血水肿消退、口臭消失。
(5)沈某,男,51岁,患者上门牙龈红肿,轻触出血,下门牙龈肿胀,触之II度松动,闻之口臭,大便干,舌质红,苔黄厚。用过许多药物治疗,不见起色。后服用本发明中药制剂,服用1个疗程后,症状明显减轻,继续服用1个疗程后,痊愈,半年后随访无复发。
毒性试验:
一、急性毒性试验:
应用NIH小鼠60只,SPF级,雌雄各半,体重18-22g,进行急性毒性实验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食12小时,然后给予上述本发明的中药组合物颗粒剂混悬液(浓度为5.35g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为40ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为214g生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,1天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的毒性反应及死亡数,具体详见表6。
表6:小鼠口服灌服本发明中药组合物颗粒剂的急性毒性试验结果
实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、摄食、饮水、体重增长均正常。小鼠口服灌胃本发明的颗粒剂LD50>214g生药/kg,每日最大给药量为418g生药/kg/日。本发明的中药组合物临床用药量为24g生药/日/人,成人体重以60kg计,平均用药剂量为0.4g生药/kg/日。按体重计:小鼠(平均体重以20g计)口服灌胃本发明的中药组合物的耐受量为临床用量的535倍。因此本发明的中药组合物急性毒性低,临床用药安全。
二、长期毒性实验:
选用雌性SD大鼠132只,SPF级,体重80-100g,按体重随机分成4组,即对照组、本发明的中药组合物胶囊混悬液低、中、高剂量组(5.9、17.2、113.6g生药/kg),每组33只。给药组每天予以受试药一次,连续给药3个月、6个月及恢复期(停药1个月)后分别处死对照组、低、中、高剂量组大鼠各11只,共44只。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、体重变化、摄食饮水量,给药后3、6个月和停药1个月(恢复期)进行血液学(RBC、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、HB、PLT、CT、WBC及分类、网织红细胞、凝血时间等)和血清生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crea、TP、T.BIL、ALB、GLOB、A/G、TG、CHOL等)、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:各组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组在给药3、6个月以及停药1个月后血液学检查、血液生化学检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织未见与药物相关的病理学变化。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的14.7、43、284倍,根据试验结果表明:本发明的中药组合物低、中、高三个剂量(5.9、17.2、113.6g生药/kg)连续3、6个月给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,因此本发明中药组合物的长期毒性低,临床应用的剂量安全性高。
本发明中各原料药协同作用起到具有起效快、疗效确切、安全性高和用药简单的作用,制备工艺简单、对环境友好,可以有效缓解牙周炎引起的牙龈炎症、出血、牙槽骨吸收、牙齿松动移位、咀嚼无力等症状,没有毒副作用,为临床缓解牙周炎引起的各种症状提供了一个新选择。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明,但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,其特征在于,由以下按照重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草20-30份、取山珊瑚20-30份、天蓬草10-20份、合欢花10-20份、月季10-20份、木蝴蝶5-15份、叶底红8-12份、山豆根8-12份、千针万线草5-10份、农吉利5-7份、千金子5-7份、小败火草3-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,其特征在于,由以下按照重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草22-28份、取山珊瑚22-28份、天蓬草12-18份、合欢花12-18份、月季12-18份、木蝴蝶8-12份、叶底红9-11份、山豆根9-11份、千针万线草6-9份、农吉利5.5-6.5份、千金子5.5-6.5份、小败火草3.5-4.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗牙周炎的中药制剂,其特征在于,由以下按照重量份的原料组成:蛇舌草25份、取山珊瑚25份、天蓬草15份、合欢花15份、月季15份、木蝴蝶10份、叶底红10份、山豆根10份、千针万线草8份、农吉利6份、千金子6份、小败火草4份。
4.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
所述治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料;
(2)将山珊瑚、天蓬草、叶底红、千针万线草和农吉利洗净后放入容器内,加入8-10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡5-6h后,煮沸3-4h,提取;再次加入6-8倍量蒸馏水,煮沸2-3h,提取;最后,加入4-6倍量蒸馏水,加热煮沸1-2h,提取;合并三次提取液,过滤,得滤液,浓缩成60℃下相对密度为1.11-1.15的稠膏,备用;
(3)将木蝴蝶和千金子洗净,浸入3-5倍量的50%的乙醇溶液浸泡1-2h,加热提取回收乙醇,滤过,浓缩为65℃下相对密度为1.12-1.16的稠膏,备用;
(4)将小败火草和蛇舌草进行混合,混合均匀后进行粉碎处理,研末,过160-180目细粉,备用;
(5)将合欢花和月季洗净,切碎,放入容器内,绞汁,滤杂质,留汁液备用;
(6)将山豆根放入污物火内燃烧,烧成灰色,取出研末,过200-220目细粉,备用;
(7)将上述步骤(2)-(6)所制得的稠膏、细粉以及汁液混合均匀,制成中药制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为蜜炼丸剂、水合丸剂、煎剂、胶囊剂、片剂、滴丸剂、糖浆剂、散剂、煎膏剂或浸膏剂。
6.据权利要求4所述的治疗牙周炎的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂。
7.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的中药制剂在制备治疗牙周炎药物中的应用。
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