CN105535461A - 一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂及制备方法,属中药领域。本发明药物有效成分的原料组成为:麦冬、黄精、黄皮叶、山药、百解藤、大枣、沙参、茯苓、竹叶兰、桑白皮、黄芪、薄荷、生地、枇杷叶、黄荆子、枳壳、猪仔笠、桑叶、野菊花、柴胡、天花粉、酸枣仁、甘草、芥穗。本发明选用药材药性相适相辅,针对病因对症下药,有补肺益肾、补脾益气、养阴润肺、理气宽胸、祛风解表、清热解毒、清肺化痰、止咳平喘、宁心安神之功效,吸收效果好,疗效显著,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对小儿风热感冒治愈率较高。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,尤其涉及一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂及制备方法。
背景技术
小儿由于身体机能尚未完全建立、免疫力比较低,所以极易发生风热感冒,小儿是风热感冒的一个高发人群。主要表现为发热重、微恶风、头胀痛、有汗、咽喉红肿疼痛、咳嗽、痰粘或黄、鼻塞黄涕、口渴喜饮、舌尖边红、苔薄白微黄等症状。
小儿风热感冒在西医中一般属于小儿上呼吸道感染,系由各种病原引起的上呼吸道炎症,是小儿最常见的疾病之一。该病主要侵犯鼻、鼻咽和咽部,如上呼吸道某一局部炎症特别突出,即按该炎症处命名。西医一般对症予以抗病毒药物和抗生素类药物进行治疗。西药治疗虽然见效快,但通常副作用大,依赖性强,易产生抗药性,对小儿的身体健康有一定的影响。
中医认为小儿风热感冒主要是由于风热之邪犯表、肺气失和所致。治法以辛凉解表为主。目前市场上治疗小儿风热感冒的药物,大多针对性比较单一,如感冒清热冲剂,主要具有疏风散寒、解表清热的作用,对咳嗽、痰多等见效慢,且多为冲剂有一定的苦味,不利于小儿服用。
本发明所述的药物,针对引发小儿风热感冒的风热之邪犯表、肺气失和等病因对症下药,有补肺益肾、补脾益气、养阴润肺、理气宽胸、祛风解表、清热解毒、清肺化痰、止咳平喘、宁心安神之功效,可有效改善小儿体质,增强免疫力,吸收效果好,疗效显著,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对小儿风热感冒治愈率较高。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂及制备方法,具有补肺益肾、补脾益气、养阴润肺、理气宽胸、祛风解表、清热解毒、清肺化痰、止咳平喘、宁心安神之功效,治病求源标本兼治,对各种原因引起的小儿风热感冒均具有很好的疗效。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案实施如下:
一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
麦冬65~80份、黄精62~77份、黄皮叶59~73份、山药56~70份、
百解藤53~67份、大枣50~65份、沙参48~62份、茯苓45~59份、
竹叶兰42~55份、桑白皮39~52份、黄芪36~48份、薄荷33~45份、
生地30~42份、枇杷叶27~39份、黄荆子24~36份、枳壳21~32份、
猪仔笠18~29份、桑叶15~26份、野菊花12~23份、柴胡10~20份、
天花粉8~17份、酸枣仁6~14份、甘草4~11份、芥穗2~8份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
麦冬68~77份、黄精65~74份、黄皮叶62~70份、山药59~67份、
百解藤56~64份、大枣53~62份、沙参51~59份、茯苓48~56份、
竹叶兰45~52份、桑白皮42~49份、黄芪39~45份、薄荷36~42份、
生地33~39份、枇杷叶30~36份、黄荆子27~33份、枳壳24~30份、
猪仔笠21~26份、桑叶18~23份、野菊花15~20份、柴胡12~17份、
天花粉10~14份、酸枣仁8~12份、甘草6~9份、芥穗4~6份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
麦冬74份、黄精70份、黄皮叶66份、山药63份、
百解藤60份、大枣57份、沙参55份、茯苓52份、
竹叶兰49份、桑白皮46份、黄芪43份、薄荷40份、
生地36份、枇杷叶33份、黄荆子30份、枳壳27份、
猪仔笠24份、桑叶21份、野菊花18份、柴胡15份、
天花粉12份、酸枣仁10份、甘草7份、芥穗5份。
一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂的制备方法,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将麦冬、黄精、黄皮叶、百解藤、大枣、沙参、竹叶兰、桑白皮、薄荷、生地、枇杷叶、黄荆子、猪仔笠、桑叶、野菊花、甘草洗净、晾干后混合均匀,放入容器中,在容器中加入6~8倍量的水,加热煮沸2~3小时,冷却后取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入4~6倍量的水,加热煮沸1~2小时,冷却后浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热,蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.15~1.25的稠膏,备用;
(2)将茯苓、天花粉、芥穗放入容器中,加入3~5倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放凉,继续浸泡3~5小时,取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入2~4倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放晾,继续浸泡2~4小时,取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.10~1.20的稠膏,备用;
(3)先将麸皮均匀撒布于热锅内,俟烟起,加入山药片拌炒至淡黄色为度,取出,筛去麸皮,放凉,晒干,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(4)将黄芪洗净放入铁锅中,文火微炒,炒至表皮变黄后,喷洒即墨老酒,继续炒至表皮焦黄后,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(5)将枳壳洗净晾干后,放入铁锅中,加入定量的盐水闷润至水尽后,用文火加热翻炒至干,筛去碎屑,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(6)将柴胡加定量的米醋拌匀,闷润至醋被吸尽后,置炒制容器内,用文火加热炒干,取出晾凉,筛去碎屑,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(7)将酸枣仁洗净晾干后,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(8)将步骤(1)、步骤(2)中所得的稠膏,与步骤(3)、步骤(4)、步骤(5)、步骤(6)、步骤(7)中所得的细粉混合,加入炼蜜后混合均匀后,冻干,磨粉,以现代科技工艺制备为0.15g/片的片剂。
本发明所用中药的药性如下:
麦冬:味甘;微苦;性微寒。归心;肺;胃经。养阴生津;润肺清心。主治肺燥干咳,阴虚痨嗽,喉痹咽痛,津伤口渴,内热消渴,心烦失眠,肠燥便秘。《名医别录》载:“麦冬疗身重目黄,心下支满,虚劳客热,口干烦渴,止呕吐,愈痿蹶,强阴益精,消谷调中,保神,定肺气,安五脏,令人肥健。”现代医学研究证实,麦冬含有多种甾体皂甙、胡萝卜素、粘液质、糖类、豆甾醇等成分,有升高白细胞,延长抗体存在时间的作用,同时提高免疫功能和核酸合成率,促进抗体、补体、干扰素、溶菌酶等免疫物质的产生,有增强正气、加强抗邪作用。
黄精:味甘;性平。入脾;肺;肾经。养阴润肺;补脾益气;滋肾填精。主治阴虚劳嗽;肺燥咳嗽;脾虚乏力;食少口干;消渴;肾亏腰膝酸软;阳痿遗精;耳鸣目暗;须发早白;体虚羸瘦;风癞癣疾。《本草逢原》载:“宽中益气,使五藏调和,肌肉充盛,骨髓强坚,皆是补阴之功。”现代医学研究证实,黄精对肾上腺素引起的血糖升高有显著的抑制作用,对常见致病真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,升高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低心肌脂褐质含量降低,增强对缺氧的耐受力,此外还有抗病毒功效。
黄皮叶:味辛;苦;性平。归肺经。解表散热;行气化痰;利尿;解毒。主治:温病发热;流脑;疟疾;咳嗽痰喘;脘腹疼痛;风湿痹痛;黄肿;小便不利;热毒疥癣;蛇虫咬伤。《陆川本草》:疏郁行气,止痛退热。治气胀腹痛,温病身热。
山药:味甘;性平。入肺;脾;肾经。补脾;养肺;固肾;益精。主治脾虚泄泻;食少浮肿;肺虚咳喘;消渴;遗精;带下;肾虚尿频;外用治痈肿;瘰疬。《本草正》载:“山药,能健脾补虚,滋精固肾,治诸虚百损,疗五劳七伤。”现代医学研究证实,山药能降低血糖,调节机体对非特异刺激反应性,有效对抗环磷酰胺的抑制免疫作用,刺激小肠运动,促进肠道内容物排空,此外还能助消化、止泻、祛痰。
百解藤:味苦;性寒。归肺;大肠;肝经。清热解毒;祛风止痛;利水通淋。主治:风热感冒;咳嗽;咽喉肿痛;白喉;风火牙痛;肠炎;痢疾;尿路感染及尿路结石;风湿疼痛;疮疡肿毒;毒蛇咬伤。
大枣:味甘;温。归脾;胃经。补脾胃;益气血;安心神;调营卫;和药性。主治脾胃虚弱;气血不足;食少便溏;倦怠乏力;心悸失眠;妇人脏躁;营卫不和。《本草汇言》:沈氏曰,此药甘润膏凝,善补阴阳、气血、津液、脉络、筋俞、骨髓,一切虚损,无不宜之。如龙谭方治惊悸怔忡,健忘恍惚,志意昏迷,精神不守,或中气不和,饮食无味,百体懒重,肌肉瘦,此属心、脾二藏元神亏损之证,必用大枣治之。佐用陈皮,调畅中脘虚滞之痰。
沙参:味甘;微苦;性微寒。归肺;胃经。养阴清热;润肺化痰;益胃生津。主治阴虚久咳;痨嗽痰血;燥咳痰少;虚热喉痹;津伤口渴。《本草纲目》载:“沙参甘淡而寒,其体轻虚,专补肺气,因而益脾与肾,故金能受火克者宜之。补阳而生阴,补阴而制阳,不可不辩之也。”现代医学研究证实,沙参含有挥发油、香豆素、淀粉、生物碱、三萜酸、豆甾醇、β-各甾醇,提高T细胞比值,提高淋巴细胞转化率,升高白细胞,增强巨噬细胞功能,延长抗体存在时间,有解热、镇痛、祛痰、平喘功能,增强体液和细胞的免疫功能,对应激性和药物性胃溃疡有保护和抑制作用。
茯苓:味甘;淡;性平。入心;脾;肺;肾经。渗湿利水;健脾和胃;宁心安神。主治小便不利;水肿胀满;痰饮咳逆;呕吐;脾虚食少;泄渲;心悸不安;失眠健忘;遗精白浊。《别录》载:“止消渴,好睡,大腹,淋沥,膈中痰水,水肿淋结。开胸腑,调脏气,伐肾邪,长阴,益气力,保神守中。”现代医学研究证实,茯苓对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌等均有抑制作用,能杀死钩端螺旋体等细菌,对消化系统、血液系统及中枢神经系统具有一定的保护作用,此外茯苓聚糖含量很高,可抗肿瘤活性。
竹叶兰:味甘;微苦;性平。清肺止咳;补肺益肾;调经止血。主治肺热咳嗽;气虚喘咳;头晕耳鸣;骨折;吐血。《昆明民间常用草药》:根:补肺肾,镇咳。治气虚头晕耳鸣,虚咳。
桑白皮:味甘;辛;性寒。归肺;脾经。泻肺平喘;利水消肿。主治肺热喘痰;水饮停肺;胀满喘急;水肿;脚气;小便不利。《药品化义》:桑皮,散热,主治喘满咳嗽,热痰唾血,皆由实邪郁遏,肺窍不得通畅,借此渗之散之,以利肺气,诸证自愈。故云泻肺之有余,非桑皮不可。以此治皮里膜外水气浮肿及肌肤邪热,浮风燥痒,悉能去之。同甘菊、扁豆通鼻塞热壅,合沙参、黄芪止肠红下血皆效。现代研究证明:桑白皮具有利尿与导泻作用、对平滑肌具有一定的作用,具有镇静及安定、抗惊厥、镇痛、抗菌等作用。
黄芪:味甘;性温。入心;肺;脾;肾经。补气固表;利尿;托毒排脓;生肌敛疮。主治气短心悸;倦怠;乏力;自汗;盗汗;久泻;脱肛;体虚浮肿;子宫脱垂;慢性肾炎;痈疽难溃;或溃久不敛。《新华本草纲要》载:“有补气固表、托毒排脓、生肌的功能。”现代医学研究证实,黄芪主要成分为黄芪总黄酮、黄芪总多糖、黄芪总皂苷和氨基酸等,具有利尿降压、消炎镇痛、强心、抗氧自由基生成及提高机体免疫功能等多种药理作用,可从多方面作用于机体,改善心血管、脑血管、糖尿病、肾病等相关血管性病变患者的血流动力学和血管内皮细胞等功能。
薄荷:味辛;微苦;性平。入肺经。疏风解表;宣肺止咳。主治感冒;咳嗽;百日咳;外障目翳;水火烫伤。《天宝本草》载:“散寒清火,发表散寒,宣肺止咳,治风寒咳嗽,诸疼。”现代医学研究表明,薄荷所含的薄荷脑和薄荷素油具有特殊的芒香、辛辣感和凉感,广泛用于驱风、防腐、消炎、镇痛、止痒、健胃等药品,有发散风热,清利咽喉,透疹解毒,疏肝解郁和止痒等功效。
生地:味甘;苦;性微寒。归心;肝;肾经。滋阴清热;凉血补血。主治热病烦渴;内热消渴;骨蒸劳热;温病发斑;血热所致的吐血;崩漏;尿血;便血;血虚萎黄;眩晕心悸;血少经闭。《日华子本草》载:“治惊悸劳劣,心肺损,吐血,鼻衄,妇人崩中血晕,助筋骨。”现代医学研究证实,生地是有效的免疫增强剂,包含对人体有好处的多类氨基酸、糖类,并且有强心、利尿、降压、降糖、保肝、抑菌、升高血细胞等药理作用。
枇杷叶:味苦;辛;性寒;无毒。入肺;心;胃经。清肺止咳,和胃降逆;止渴。主治肺热痰嗽;阴虚劳嗽;咳血;衄血;胃热呕秽。《滇南本草》载:“止咳嗽,消痰定喘,能断痰丝,化顽痰,散吼喘,止气促。”现代医学研究证实,枇杷叶所含苦杏仁甙在下消化道被微生物酶分解出微量氢氰酸,后者对呼吸中枢有镇静作用,故有平喘镇咳作用,对角叉菜胶性浮肿有强大抑制作用,所含倍半萜葡萄糖甙和多羟基三萜烯甙可显著降低血糖。
黄荆子:味辛;苦;性温。归肺;胃;肝经。祛风解表;止咳平喘;理气消食止痛。主治伤风感冒;咳嗽;哮喘;胃痛吞酸;消化不良;食积泻痢;胆囊炎;胆结石;疝气。《广州植物志》载:“黄荆子祛风、涤痰、镇咳。”现代医学研究证实,黄荆子煎剂对支气管平滑肌有扩张作用,可解除气管、支气管痉挛。“
枳壳:味苦;酸;性微寒。入肺;脾;肝;胃;大肠经。理气宽胸;行滞消积。主治胸隔痞满;胁肋胀痛;食积不化;脘腹胀满;下痢后重;脱肛;子宫脱垂。《纲目》载:“治胸痹痞满,以枳实为要药,诸方治下血痔痢,大肠秘塞,里急后重,又以枳壳为通用,则枳实不独治下,枳壳不独治高也。”临床医学研究表明,枳壳有显著的抗病原微生物的作用,抑制变态反应,此外还有镇静、利尿、兴奋子宫、强心、升压、利胆等功效。
猪仔笠:味甘;性平。归肺;大肠;肝经。清肺化痰;生津止渴;消肿。主治肺热咳嗽;肺痈;发热烦渴;痢疾;睾丸鞘膜积液,食积不消;跌打肿痛。《生草药性备要》:止咳化痰,润肺滋肾。
桑叶:味苦;甘;性寒。归肺;肝经。疏散风热;清肺;明目。主治风热感冒;风湿初起;发热头痛;汗出恶风;咳嗽胸痛;肺燥干咳无痰;咽干口渴;风热及肝阳上扰;目赤肿痛。《本草经疏》载:“益血,凉血,益阴,除风,明目而止渴。”现代医学研究表明,桑叶煎剂对多种细菌有较强的抗菌作用,能杀死钩端螺旋体,所含的某些氨基酸能刺激胰岛素的分泌,对肠肌有抑制作用,能促进人体蛋白质合成,排除体内胆固醇,降低血脂,提高巨噬细胞吞噬指数。
野菊花:味苦;辛;性平。入肺;肝经。清热解毒;疏风平肝。主治疔疮;痈疽;丹毒;湿疹;皮炎;风热感冒;咽喉肿痛;高血压病。《本草汇言》载:“破血疏肝;解疔散毒。主妇人腹内宿血,解天行火毒丹疔。洗疮疥,又能去风杀虫。”现代医学研究证实,野菊花具有广谱抗菌作用,对多数皮肤真菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌和流感病毒均有较强的抑制作用,还具有降压、降脂、预防感冒的作用。
柴胡:味苦;辛;性微寒。归肝;胆经。解表退热;疏肝解郁,升举阳气。主治:外感发热;寒热往来;疟疾;肝郁胁痛乳胀;头痛头眩;月经不调;气虚下陷之脱肛;子宫脱垂;胃下垂。《纲目》:"治阳气下陷,平肝、胆、三焦、包络相火,及头痛、眩晕,目昏、赤痛障翳,耳聋鸣,诸疟,及肥气寒热,妇人热入血室,经水不调,小儿痘疹余热,五疳羸热。"现代医学研究证实,柴胡具有解热、镇静、镇痛、镇咳、抗炎作用。同时对抗肝损害,利胆,抗脂肪肝,及促进肠蠕动等有一定作用。
天花粉:味甘;微苦;性微寒。归肺;胃经。清热生津;润肺化痰;消肿排脓。主治热病口渴;消渴多饮;肺热燥咳;疮疡肿毒。《本经逢原》载:“降膈上热痰,润心中烦渴,除时疾狂热,祛酒瘅湿黄,治痈疡解毒排脓。”现代医学研究证实,天花粉富含天花粉蛋白,有免疫刺激和免疫抑制作用,抑制病毒复制繁衍,减少免疫细胞中受病毒感染的活细胞数,能降低血糖活性,对溶血性链球菌、肺炎双球菌、白喉杆菌有一定的抑制作用。
酸枣仁:味甘;性平。归心;脾;肝;胆经。宁心安神;养肝;敛汗。主治虚烦不眠;惊悸怔忡;体虚自汗;盗汗。《纲目》载:“酸枣仁,甘而润,故熟用疗胆虚不得眠,烦渴虚汗之证;生用疗胆热好眠。皆足厥阴、少阳药也,今人专以为心家药,殊昧此理。”现代医学研究证明:酸枣仁有一定的镇静、催眠、镇痛、抗惊厥、降温的作用,并对心血管系统及烧伤有所影响。
甘草:味甘;性平。归心;肺;脾;胃经。补脾益气;清热解毒;祛痰止咳;缓急止痛;调和诸药。主治脾胃虚弱;倦怠乏力;心悸气短;咳嗽痰多;脘腹四脚挛急疼痛;痈肿疮毒;缓解药物毒性。《本草纲目》载:“诸药中甘草为君。治七十二种乳石毒,解一千二百般草本毒,调和从药有功。”现代医学研究证实,甘草有较强的解毒作用,还有抗溃疡、抗炎症、镇痉镇咳、降血压、降血脂、抗癌作用,广泛用于治疗咽喉炎、喉炎、气管炎、支气管炎、哮喘、咳嗽、咳血等疾病,此外还具有抗胃溃疡、抗胃炎作用。
芥穗:味辛;微苦;性微温。入肺;肝经。祛风;解表;透疹;止血。主治感冒发热;头痛;目痒;咳嗽;咽喉肿痛;麻疹;痈肿;疮疥;衄血;吐血;便血;崩漏;产后血晕。《滇南本草》载:“治跌打损伤,并敷毒疮。治吐血。荆芥穗,上清头目诸风,止头痛,明目,解肺、肝、咽喉热痛,消肿,除诸毒,发散疮痈。治便血,止女子暴崩,消风热,通肺气鼻窍塞闭。”现代医学研究证明,荆芥有显著的解热镇痛功效,对金黄色葡萄球菌和白喉杆菌有较强的抗菌作用,对炭疽杆菌、乙型链球菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌、人型结核杆菌等均表现一定的抑制作用。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
本发明选用药材,药性相适相辅,针对引发小儿风热感冒的风热之邪犯表、肺气失和等病因对症下药,有补肺益肾、补脾益气、养阴润肺、理气宽胸、祛风解表、清热解毒、清肺化痰、止咳平喘、宁心安神之功效,吸收效果好,疗效显著,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对小儿风热感冒治愈率较高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
麦冬65~80克、黄精62~77克、黄皮叶59~73克、山药56~70克、
百解藤53~67克、大枣50~65克、沙参48~62克、茯苓45~59克、
竹叶兰42~55克、桑白皮39~52克、黄芪36~48克、薄荷33~45克、
生地30~42克、枇杷叶27~39克、黄荆子24~36克、枳壳21~32克、
猪仔笠18~29克、桑叶15~26克、野菊花12~23克、柴胡10~20克、
天花粉8~17克、酸枣仁6~14克、甘草4~11克、芥穗2~8克。
本发明药物制备方法的工艺步骤为:
(1)将麦冬、黄精、黄皮叶、百解藤、大枣、沙参、竹叶兰、桑白皮、薄荷、生地、枇杷叶、黄荆子、猪仔笠、桑叶、野菊花、甘草洗净、晾干后混合均匀,放入容器中,在容器中加入6~8倍量的水,加热煮沸2~3小时,冷却后取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入4~6倍量的水,加热煮沸1~2小时,冷却后浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热,蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.15~1.25的稠膏,备用;
(2)将茯苓、天花粉、芥穗放入容器中,加入3~5倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放凉,继续浸泡3~5小时,取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入2~4倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放晾,继续浸泡2~4小时,取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.10~1.20的稠膏,备用;
(3)先将麸皮均匀撒布于热锅内,俟烟起,加入山药片拌炒至淡黄色为度,取出,筛去麸皮,放凉,晒干,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(4)将黄芪洗净放入铁锅中,文火微炒,炒至表皮变黄后,喷洒即墨老酒,继续炒至表皮焦黄后,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(5)将枳壳洗净晾干后,放入铁锅中,加入定量的盐水闷润至水尽后,用文火加热翻炒至干,筛去碎屑,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(6)将柴胡加定量的米醋拌匀,闷润至醋被吸尽后,置炒制容器内,用文火加热炒干,取出晾凉,筛去碎屑,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(7)将酸枣仁洗净晾干后,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(8)将步骤(1)、步骤(2)中所得的稠膏,与步骤(3)、步骤(4)、步骤(5)、步骤(6)、步骤(7)中所得的细粉混合,加入炼蜜后混合均匀后,冻干,磨粉,以现代科技工艺制备为0.15g/片的片剂。
用法用量:口服,每日3次,每次2片,饭前一小时以温开水送服,5天为一个疗程。
实施例2
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
麦冬68~77克、黄精65~74克、黄皮叶62~70克、山药59~67克、
百解藤56~64克、大枣53~62克、沙参51~59克、茯苓48~56克、
竹叶兰45~52克、桑白皮42~49克、黄芪39~45克、薄荷36~42克、
生地33~39克、枇杷叶30~36克、黄荆子27~33克、枳壳24~30克、
猪仔笠21~26克、桑叶18~23克、野菊花15~20克、柴胡12~17克、
天花粉10~14克、酸枣仁8~12克、甘草6~9克、芥穗4~6克。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为:
麦冬74克、黄精70克、黄皮叶66克、山药63克、
百解藤60克、大枣57克、沙参55克、茯苓52克、
竹叶兰49克、桑白皮46克、黄芪43克、薄荷40克、
生地36克、枇杷叶33克、黄荆子30克、枳壳27克、
猪仔笠24克、桑叶21克、野菊花18克、柴胡15克、
天花粉12克、酸枣仁10克、甘草7克、芥穗5克。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
临床资料:
1、病例选择
选择我院确诊的小儿风热感冒患者80例临床观察,病人随机分成两组。治疗组40例,其中男性23例,女性17例,年龄1~7岁,平均年龄3.2岁。对照组40例,其中男性24例,女性16例,年龄1~7岁,平均年龄3.4岁。两组资历基本一致,无显著差异,具有可比性。
2、治疗组患者服用本发明药物,口服,每日3次,每次2片,饭前一小时以温开水送服,5天为一个疗程。对照组根据诊断出的小儿风热感冒的具体病症,对症予以抗病毒药物和抗生素类药物进行治疗。
3、疗效判定:
(1)治愈:临床症状消失,身体完全恢复健康。
(2)好转:临床症状明显减轻,感冒症状明显缓解。
(3)无效:症状同施治前无明显差异。
4、结果
治疗组中治愈28例,好转9例,无效3例,治愈率70%,总有效率92.5%。
对照组中治愈26例,好转9例,无效5例,治愈率65%,总有效率87.5%。
以上结果显示,治疗组的治愈率和总有效率明显高于对照组。
典型病例举例:
1、孙××,男,3岁。该患者头发热胀痛、有汗、鼻塞流鼻涕,偶有咳嗽。诊断为小儿风热感冒,经服用本发明所述药物,口服,每日3次,每次2片,饭前一小时以温开水送服,5天为一个疗程,服用一个疗程后,上述症状消失,已痊愈。
2、李××,女,2岁。患者有头痛,打喷嚏,流黄鼻涕,咳嗽有痰,咽喉轻微肿痛等症状,诊断为小儿风热感冒,经服用本发明所述药物,口服,每日3次,每次2片,饭前一小时以温开水送服,5天为一个疗程,服用一个疗程,上述症状消失,已痊愈。
本发明所述的药物,针对病因对症下药,方中麦冬、黄精、生地、山药、沙参、天花粉等中药有养阴清热、润肺化痰、补脾益气的作用,方中黄皮叶、薄荷、黄荆子、柴胡、芥穗、桑叶等中药有祛风解表、解表散热、宣肺止咳的作用;方中百解藤、野菊花等中药有清热解毒、祛风止痛的作用;方中竹叶兰、桑白皮、枇杷叶、猪仔笠等中药有补肺益肾、清肺化痰、止咳平喘的作用;方中枳壳可理气宽胸;方中茯苓、酸枣仁等中药可宁心安神、养肝敛汗;方中甘草可调和诸药;方中诸药共用,共奏补肺益肾、补脾益气、养阴润肺、理气宽胸、祛风解表、清热解毒、清肺化痰、止咳平喘、宁心安神之功效,吸收效果好,疗效显著,无毒副作用及临床不良反应,经临床验证对小儿风热感冒治愈率较高。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂,其特征在于,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
麦冬65~80份、黄精62~77份、黄皮叶59~73份、山药56~70份、
百解藤53~67份、大枣50~65份、沙参48~62份、茯苓45~59份、
竹叶兰42~55份、桑白皮39~52份、黄芪36~48份、薄荷33~45份、
生地30~42份、枇杷叶27~39份、黄荆子24~36份、枳壳21~32份、
猪仔笠18~29份、桑叶15~26份、野菊花12~23份、柴胡10~20份、
天花粉8~17份、酸枣仁6~14份、甘草4~11份、芥穗2~8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂,其特征在于,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
麦冬68~77份、黄精65~74份、黄皮叶62~70份、山药59~67份、
百解藤56~64份、大枣53~62份、沙参51~59份、茯苓48~56份、
竹叶兰45~52份、桑白皮42~49份、黄芪39~45份、薄荷36~42份、
生地33~39份、枇杷叶30~36份、黄荆子27~33份、枳壳24~30份、
猪仔笠21~26份、桑叶18~23份、野菊花15~20份、柴胡12~17份、
天花粉10~14份、酸枣仁8~12份、甘草6~9份、芥穗4~6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂,其特征在于,制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为:
麦冬74份、黄精70份、黄皮叶66份、山药63份、
百解藤60份、大枣57份、沙参55份、茯苓52份、
竹叶兰49份、桑白皮46份、黄芪43份、薄荷40份、
生地36份、枇杷叶33份、黄荆子30份、枳壳27份、
猪仔笠24份、桑叶21份、野菊花18份、柴胡15份、
天花粉12份、酸枣仁10份、甘草7份、芥穗5份。
4.根据权利要求1~3所述的一种用于防治小儿风热型感冒的中药片剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将麦冬、黄精、黄皮叶、百解藤、大枣、沙参、竹叶兰、桑白皮、薄荷、生地、枇杷叶、黄荆子、猪仔笠、桑叶、野菊花、甘草洗净、晾干后混合均匀,放入容器中,在容器中加入6~8倍量的水,加热煮沸2~3小时,冷却后取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入4~6倍量的水,加热煮沸1~2小时,冷却后浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热,蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.15~1.25的稠膏,备用;
(2)将茯苓、天花粉、芥穗放入容器中,加入3~5倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放凉,继续浸泡3~5小时,取浸液;在剩余的药渣中再加入2~4倍量的绍兴黄酒,煮沸后放晾,继续浸泡2~4小时,取浸液;合并两次所得浸液,加热蒸发浓缩为相对密度1.10~1.20的稠膏,备用;
(3)先将麸皮均匀撒布于热锅内,俟烟起,加入山药片拌炒至淡黄色为度,取出,筛去麸皮,放凉,晒干,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(4)将黄芪洗净放入铁锅中,文火微炒,炒至表皮变黄后,喷洒即墨老酒,继续炒至表皮焦黄后,取出放凉,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(5)将枳壳洗净晾干后,放入铁锅中,加入定量的盐水闷润至水尽后,用文火加热翻炒至干,筛去碎屑,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(6)将柴胡加定量的米醋拌匀,闷润至醋被吸尽后,置炒制容器内,用文火加热炒干,取出晾凉,筛去碎屑,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(7)将酸枣仁洗净晾干后,粉碎研末,过120目细筛,得细粉,备用;
(8)将步骤(1)、步骤(2)中所得的稠膏,与步骤(3)、步骤(4)、步骤(5)、步骤(6)、步骤(7)中所得的细粉混合,加入炼蜜后混合均匀后,冻干,磨粉,以现代科技工艺制备为0.15g/片的片剂。
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