CN105522155A

CN105522155A - Plasma 3D fast forming and remanufacturing method and equipment of train wheels

Info

Publication number: CN105522155A
Application number: CN201610121801.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 华云峰; 何伟; 程国君; 郝勇; 魏志宇
Original assignee: Sinoadditive Manufacturing Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sinoadditive Manufacturing Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-03-03
Filing date: 2016-03-03
Publication date: 2016-04-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma 3D fast forming and remanufacturing method and equipment of train wheels. The equipment comprises a monitoring system, a plasma beam machining system, a machining device for machining to-be-repaired train wheels, a three-axis moving mechanism for driving the machining device to move and a horizontal printing platform for placing the to-be-repaired train wheels. The plasma beam machining system comprises a plasma generator, a gas supply device, a feeding device and a printing positioning adjusting device. The monitoring system comprises a horizontal movement controller, a temperature detecting unit, a distance detecting unit, a printing distance adjusting controller and a rotation controller, wherein the temperature detecting unit and the printing distance adjusting controller form a temperature adjusting and control device. The method includes the steps of firstly, detecting train wheel defects; secondly, repairing the train wheels. The plasma 3D fast forming and remanufacturing method and equipment has the advantages that the equipment is reasonable in design, simple to operate, high in efficiency, good in use effect and high in repairing efficiency, a closed forming room is not needed, the repairing process is directly performed under an atmospheric environment, and the repaired train wheels are good in quality.

Description

A kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment and method again

Technical field

The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique field, especially relate to a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment and method again.

Background technology

Train wheel wheel rim, in train running, easily weares and teares when particularly turning round; When train wheel wheel wear to a certain extent after can not ensure the stable operation of train igneous rock cracks entirety to be scrapped, the igneous rock cracks more renewed.In order to reduce costs, improve resource utilization, have at present and adopting the train wheel wheel rim of overlaying method to dimension overproof to manufacture again.

When adopting overlaying method to manufacture train wheel wheel rim, main exist following three aspect problems:

The first, built-up welding needs to carry out preheating and subsequent heat treatment to train wheel, this just needs train wheel to disassemble from igneous rock cracks, because the equipment of wheel and axle expands by wheel heating being produced, then be inserted in axle, cooling after-contraction combines securely, therefore, the unloading process of wheel and axle is complicated and must adopt specific purpose tool, disassembly cost is high, and meanwhile, dismounting inevitably has an impact to the reliability of igneous rock cracks with again assembling;

The second, built-up welding needs to carry out preheating and subsequent heat treatment to train wheel, needs bearing to disassemble from axle, and the unloading process of bearing is complicated and must adopt specific purpose tool, and disassembly cost is high;

Three, built-up welding needs to carry out preheating and subsequent heat treatment to train wheel, removing vehicle tyres and bearing, and complicate fabrication process, required time are long, and built-up welding wheel rim efficiency is low.

In addition, with rail rolling friction process, train wheel wheel face also can wear and tear, and the foreign matter simultaneously on rail also can accelerating pulley surface wear, as produced pit etc.After running a period of time, need will take turns facing to smooth state, after turning for several times, the excessively thin igneous rock cracks that causes of wheel face is thoroughly scrapped, and causes resource to waste in a large number.For increasing the service life of train wheel, generally on the wheel hub of train wheel, lay one deck wearing layer, this wearing layer is wheel face surface layer, and the wheel face of train wheel is the outer surface of this wheel face surface layer.After several turning, the wheel face surface layer of train wheel is crossed the thin igneous rock cracks that will cause and is thoroughly scrapped.

At present, domestic and international metal parts rapid shaping technique mainly precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology (Selectivelasermelting, SLM).The basic functional principle of precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment is: first utilize Pro/e on computers, UG, the 3D sculpting softwares such as CATIA design the three-dimensional entity model (i.e. three-dimensional stereo model) of part, then by Slice Software, hierarchy slicing is carried out to this threedimensional model, obtain the outline data in each cross section, generated by outline data and fill scanning pattern, tile certain thickness powder in working cylinder, according to the control of computer, laser beam optionally melts fore-put powder layer by the mode of vibration mirror scanning according to the slicing treatment result of three-dimensional parts figure, subsequently, working cylinder decline certain distance again spread powder, the 3-D graphic of laser beam again according to parts under the drive of galvanometer completes the manufacture of one deck under parts, so repeat degradation operation under paving powder, scanning and working cylinder, thus realize the manufacture of three-dimensional parts.Nowadays, mainly there are following three aspect problems in precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology: the first, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, to avoid the oxidation of metal parts in forming process.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding device structure complicated, and forming part size is restricted, and energy source Optical Maser System price is high, and former is expensive; The second, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs the moulding cylinder system spreading powder.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding device structure complicated, and not only forming part size is restricted, and shaping efficiency is lower; Three, in order to ensure part mechanical property, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs the globular metallic powder of good fluidity.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost very high.

In addition, electron beam rapid shaping technique is also had in metal parts rapid shaping technique.But at present, Selected area electron bundle rapid shaping technique mainly exists following three aspect problems: the first, electron beam rapid shaping technique needs vacuum environment, with forming energy source electron beam and the oxidation avoiding metal parts in forming process.This makes electron beam rapid forming equipment complex structure, and forming part size is restricted, and former is expensive; The second, electron beam rapid shaping technique needs paving powder system or moulding material feed system.This makes electron beam rapid forming equipment complex structure, and not only forming part size is restricted, and shaping efficiency is lower; Three, in order to ensure part mechanical property, electron beam rapid shaping technique needs the globular metallic powder of good fluidity.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost very high.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment is again provided, its structure simple, reasonable in design and use easy and simple to handle, efficiency is high, result of use good, without the need to airtight forming room, repair process directly carries out under atmospheric environment, after repairing, train wheel quality is good, and remediation efficiency is high.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again, is characterized in that: by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing, train wheel to be repaired carried out to mach machining set-up, drive three axle travel mechanisms of machining set-up movement and form for the horizontal stamp pad that train wheel to be repaired is placed; Described horizontal stamp pad comprises horizontal support mechanism and to be fixedly mounted in horizontal support mechanism and to drive described train wheel to be repaired to carry out the horizontal rotary mechanism rotated around the central axis of its wheel shaft, described horizontal rotary mechanism is positioned at above horizontal support mechanism, and described wheel shaft is level laying and it is installed on horizontal rotary mechanism; Described machining set-up is arranged in three axle travel mechanisms and it is positioned at above horizontal rotary mechanism;

Described plasma beam system of processing by shower nozzle is installed and for generation of the plasma generator of beam-plasma, to provide the feeder of working gas for described plasma generator, for sending the pay-off of printed material continuously and forming the print position adjusting device that print position adjusts, described plasma generator and described pay-off are all positioned at above horizontal rotary mechanism, and described pay-off is positioned at described plasma generator side; Described feeder is connected with the air inlet that described plasma generator is opened by air supply pipe; Described print position adjusting device comprise drive described plasma generator synchronous with described pay-off carry out movement in the horizontal plane horizontally moving device and drive described plasma generator, described pay-off and described horizontally moving device synchronizing moving and the distance tackled mutually between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft carries out the printing distance adjusting means that regulates, described plasma generator and described pay-off are installed on described horizontally moving device, and described horizontally moving device is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means;

Described pay-off is wire feeder for sending processed silk material continuously or the dust feeder for sending into printed material in the continuous described beam-plasma produced to described plasma generator; When described pay-off is described wire feeder, the outer end of described processed silk material is melting end, below the outlet that described melting end is positioned at described shower nozzle and it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma; When described pay-off is described dust feeder, below the outlet that the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is positioned at described shower nozzle and it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma;

Described monitoring system comprise described horizontally moving device is controlled move horizontally controller, the Working position place temperature of described plasma beam system of processing on described train wheel to be repaired is carried out to the temperature detecting unit detected in real time, distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft or horizontal support mechanism is carried out to the distance detecting unit detected in real time, to the printing distance adjustment controller that described printing distance adjusting means controls, the rotation angle detecting unit detected in real time and the Rotation Controllers controlled horizontal rotary mechanism are carried out to the anglec of rotation of the wheel shaft of described train wheel to be repaired, the described controller that moves horizontally is connected with described horizontally moving device, described printing distance adjustment controller is connected with described printing distance adjusting means, described distance detecting unit and temperature detecting unit are all connected with printing distance adjustment controller, described temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing distance adjustment controller, described rotation angle detecting unit is connected with Rotation Controllers.

Above-mentioned a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again, is characterized in that: described train wheel to be repaired is the train wheel that there is wheel wear defect and/or wheel planar defect; Described wheel wear defect is that the wheel rim of described train wheel to be repaired exists wearing and tearing; Described planar defect of taking turns is wheel face local defect and/or wheel face wear-out defect, described wheel face local defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there is damaged or cracking, described wheel face wear-out defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there are wearing and tearing; The top of described horizontal rotary mechanism is provided with the ultrasonic detection device or three-dimensional laser scanner that detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists.

Above-mentioned a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again, it is characterized in that: described plasma generator comprises plasma gun, described shower nozzle is the anode nozzle of plasma gun front end; Described plasma gun comprise have described air inlet rifle body, be positioned at the anode nozzle in rifle body dead ahead and be plugged in the negative electrode of rifle body, described anode nozzle is positioned on front side of negative electrode, described arc chamber is positioned on front side of negative electrode and it is positioned at the posterior medial of anode nozzle, and the front inner of described anode nozzle is spout; Described anode nozzle, negative electrode and arc chamber are all laid in coaxial with rifle body; Described air inlet is positioned on rear side of rifle body, described spout and rifle body in coaxial lay or and the central axis of rifle body between angle be 30 ° ~ 45 °;

Described monitoring system also comprise described plasma generator is controlled plasma generator controller, the detection of gas flow rate unit detected in real time and the gas flow controller controlled the flow control valve that air supply pipe is installed are carried out to the gas flow of air supply pipe, described plasma generator controller is connected with described plasma generator, and described detection of gas flow rate unit is connected with gas flow controller.

Above-mentioned a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again, it is characterized in that: described wire feeder comprises top and is wound with the wire tray of processed silk material, the wire feeder carried processed silk material and the wire feed driving mechanism driven described wire feeder, described wire feeder to be positioned at inside wire tray and to be connected with described wire feeder; Described wire tray to be coaxially arranged in rotating shaft and can to rotate around described rotating shaft;

Described dust feeder comprises powder feeder and powder-feeding mouth, and the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth; Described powder feeder comprises and has the shell that charging aperture and powder feeding export and the powder feeding wheel be arranged in described shell, and described powder feeding wheel is driven by drive motors; Described powder feeding outlet is connected with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth.

Above-mentioned a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again, it is characterized in that: described horizontal rotary mechanism comprises the rotary drive mechanisms that two, left and right is all fixedly mounted on rotary support seat in horizontal support mechanism and drives wheel shaft to carry out rotating, the two ends of described wheel shaft to be arranged on respectively on two described rotary support seats and to be all connected by bearing between its two ends with two described rotary support seats; Described rotary drive mechanism is electronic rotation driving mechanism and itself and wheel shaft are in transmission connection, and described rotary drive mechanism is undertaken controlling by Rotation Controllers and it is connected with horizontal rotary mechanism;

Described horizontal support mechanism is the mobile platform that fixed supporting construction maybe can move up and down.

Meanwhile, the invention discloses a kind of method step simple, reasonable in design and realize the train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping reproducing method convenient, result of use is good, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step one, train wheel defects detection: the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists is detected, and to detecting that record is carried out respectively in the position of each defect;

Described train wheel to be repaired is the train wheel that there is wheel wear defect and/or wheel planar defect; Described wheel wear defect is that the wheel rim of described train wheel to be repaired exists wearing and tearing; Described planar defect of taking turns is wheel face local defect and/or wheel face wear-out defect, described wheel face local defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there is damaged or cracking, described wheel face wear-out defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there are wearing and tearing;

Step 2, train wheel reparation: adopt described train wheel plasma 3D to print manufacturing equipment again, repair respectively the defect that the train wheel described to be repaired detected in step one exists, process is as follows:

Step 201, wheel wear defect repair judge: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, judge whether to carry out wheel wear defect repair: when the wheel rim detecting described train wheel to be repaired in step one exists described wheel wear defect, wheel wear defect repair need be carried out to described train wheel to be repaired, and enter step 202; Otherwise, enter step 203;

Step 202, wheel wear defect repair: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, adopt described plasma beam system of processing, the eroded area of the wheel rim of described train wheel to be repaired is repaired, completes the wheel rim manufacture process again of described train wheel to be repaired;

Step 203, the reparation of wheel face local defect judge: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, judge whether to carry out the reparation of wheel face local defect: when the wheel face detecting described train wheel to be repaired in step one exists described wheel face local defect, the reparation of wheel face local defect need be carried out to described train wheel to be repaired, and enter step 204; Otherwise, enter step 205;

Step 204, wheel face local defect are repaired: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, each wheel face local defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists is repaired respectively, until complete the repair process of all wheel face local defects that described train wheel to be repaired exists;

On described train wheel to be repaired, the restorative procedure of all wheel face local defects is all identical; To described train wheel to be repaired exists any one described in wheel face local defect repair time, comprise the following steps:

Step 2041, rejected region are removed: first controlled horizontal rotary mechanism by Rotation Controllers, and drive described train wheel to be repaired to rotate around the central axis of its wheel shaft, until current repaired wheel face local defect present position is rotated above the central axis of wheel shaft; Adopt described machining set-up to remove region residing for wheel face local defect current repaired on described train wheel to be repaired again, obtain the to be filled region corresponding with current repaired wheel face local defect;

Step 2042, plasma 3D print: adopt described plasma beam system of processing, carry out plasma 3D printing to region to be filled described in step 2041, complete the repair process of current repaired wheel face local defect;

Step 205, the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect judge: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, judge whether to carry out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect: when detect in step one there is wheel face wear-out defect in described train wheel to be repaired time, the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect need be carried out to described train wheel to be repaired, and enter step 206; Otherwise, complete the manufacture process again of described train wheel to be repaired;

Step 206, wheel face wear-out defect are repaired: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, adopt described plasma beam system of processing, the eroded area of the wheel face of described train wheel to be repaired is repaired, completes the manufacture process again of described train wheel to be repaired.

Above-mentioned the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again is carried out to train wheel to be repaired, it is characterized in that: when carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, wheel shaft is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers level of control rotating mechanism, and in wheel shaft rotary course, the ultrasonic detection device arranged above employing horizontal rotary mechanism or three-dimensional laser scanner detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists;

After completing train wheel reparation in step 2, obtain train wheel after repairing; Afterwards, drive wheel shaft to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers level of control rotating mechanism, and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt machining set-up to carry out fine finishining to train wheel after described reparation.

Above-mentioned the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again is carried out to train wheel to be repaired, it is characterized in that: in step 2022, adopt described plasma beam system of processing, to region to be filled described in step 2021 carry out plasma 3D print time, process is as follows:

Steps A, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: according to the three-dimensional stereo model of the train wheel finished product of described train wheel to be repaired, adopt data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that image processing module obtains described region to be filled, call the three-dimensional stereo model of hierarchy slicing module to described region to be filled again and carry out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

In this step, multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model in described region to be filled, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the bottom to top;

Step B, scanning pattern are filled: adopt data processing equipment and call described image processing module, described layering cross-sectional image multiple in steps A is processed respectively, and complete the scanning pattern filling process of multiple described point layer cross section, obtain the scanning pattern of multiple described point layer cross section;

Step C, printing path obtain: described data processing equipment, according to the scanning pattern of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step B, obtains the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section; The printing path of each described point layer cross section is all identical with the scanning pattern of this point of layer cross section;

Step D, from the bottom to top successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step C, successively described region to be filled is printed from the bottom to top, described region to be filled is filled by multiple shape layer stacking from the bottom to top; The quantity of described shape layer is identical with the quantity of described in steps A point of layer cross section, the installation position of multiple described shape layer is respectively with the installation position one_to_one corresponding of multiple described point layer cross section and its thickness is all identical, the thickness of described shape layer is identical with the distance in steps A described in adjacent two between point layer cross section, and in step C, the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section is respectively the printing path of multiple described shape layer in described region to be filled; In described region to be filled, the Method of printing of multiple described shape layer is all identical; When printing described region to be filled, process is as follows:

Step D1, bottom print: described in move horizontally the printing path of controller according to the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step C, described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing is by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to described region to be filled; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer in described region to be filled;

In this step, current institute printing shaping layer is the shape layer being positioned at bottommost in described region to be filled in multiple described shape layer;

Step D2, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step D21, horizontal support mechanism move down: once moved down by horizontal support mechanism in the vertical direction and move down highly identical with the thickness of described shape layer in described region to be filled;

Step D22, printing and synchronous temperature control: described in move horizontally the printing path of controller according to the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step C, described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to the described shape layer of the current printed next one upper surface on; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, in described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, by temperature detecting unit the upper surface temperature of the described shape layer of the current printed next one in described region to be filled detected in real time and institute's detected temperatures synchronizing information is sent to and print distance adjustment controller, by distance detecting unit the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism detected in real time simultaneously and detected range information synchronous driving is extremely printed distance adjustment controller; The temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller detects according to temperature detecting unit and the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism being regulated by controlling described printing distance adjusting means, the upper surface temperature making the described shape layer of the current printed next one is not higher than 0.6 times of material fusing point of described printed material;

Plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22 is synchronous with described pay-off when moving in the horizontal plane, and described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off all to be moved along the central axis of wheel shaft;

When described pay-off is described wire feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22, processed silk material is sent by described wire feeder continuously, the melting end of beam-plasma to processed silk material simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of described melting end fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream;

When described pay-off is described dust feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described dust feeder of plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22, described dust feeder sends printed material continuously, the beam-plasma simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted sent printed material, and makes the molten melt drop of sent printed material fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream;

Described liquid flow point is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed;

Step D3, repeatedly repetition step D2, until complete the print procedure of all shape layers in described region to be filled.

Above-mentioned the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again is carried out to train wheel to be repaired, it is characterized in that: described train wheel to be repaired comprises middle part and has axis hole and be arranged on the wheel hub on wheel shaft, and described wheel rim is laid in wheel hub and it is positioned at inside wheel hub;

When carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, when detect there is wheel wear defect in described train wheel to be repaired time, also need the degree of wear of the wheel rim to described train wheel to be repaired to judge: when the degree of wear judging wheel rim is part wears, after adopting direct repairing method or removal in step 202, repairing method carries out wheel wear defect repair again; When judging the degree of wear of wheel rim for all wearing and tearing, when carrying out wheel wear defect repair in step 202, process is as follows:

Step 202-1, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that image processing module obtains wheel rim, call hierarchy slicing module again and hierarchy slicing is carried out to the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel rim, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel rim, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 202-2, scanning pattern are filled: adopt data processing equipment and call described image processing module, described layering cross-sectional image multiple in step 202-1 is processed respectively, and complete the scanning pattern filling process of multiple described point layer cross section, obtain the scanning pattern of multiple described point layer cross section;

Step 202-3, printing path obtain: described data processing equipment, according to the scanning pattern of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 202-2, obtains the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section; The printing path of each described point layer cross section is all identical with the scanning pattern of this point of layer cross section;

Step 202-4, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 202-3, wheel hub successively prints wheel rim from the inside to the outside, obtains by multiple shape layer wheel rim stacking from the inside to the outside; The quantity of described shape layer is identical with the quantity of described in step 202-1 point of layer cross section, the installation position of multiple described shape layer is respectively with the installation position one_to_one corresponding of multiple described point layer cross section and its thickness is all identical, the thickness of described shape layer is identical with the distance between described in adjacent two points of layer cross sections, and in step 202-3, the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section is respectively the printing path of multiple described shape layer; When printing wheel rim, process is as follows:

Step 202-401, bottom print: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 202-3, wheel shaft is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers level of control rotating mechanism, and in wheel shaft rotary course, described in move horizontally controller and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop on the outer surface of wheel hub; After wheel shaft rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, current institute printing shaping layer is the shape layer being positioned at inner side in multiple described shape layer;

Step 202-402, lower one deck print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 202-4021, plasma generator moving: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller, driving described plasma generator in the vertical direction once to move up and moving up highly identical with the thickness of described shape layer;

After moving into place, carry out record to the height of described plasma generator, the basis that now height of described plasma generator is current institute printing shaping layer prints height;

Step 202-4022, printing and synchronous temperature control: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 202-3, wheel shaft is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers level of control rotating mechanism, and in wheel shaft rotary course, described in move horizontally controller and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to a current printed upper described shape layer outer surface on; After wheel shaft rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, in described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, detected in real time by the hull-skin temperature of temperature detecting unit to a current printed upper described shape layer and institute's detected temperatures synchronizing information is sent to and print distance adjustment controller, by distance detecting unit the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft detected in real time simultaneously and detected range information synchronous driving is extremely printed distance adjustment controller; The temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller detects according to temperature detecting unit and the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft being regulated by controlling described printing distance adjusting means, the hull-skin temperature making a current printed upper described shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of material fusing point of described printed material;

Plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022 is synchronous with described pay-off when moving in the horizontal plane, and described plasma generator central axis along wheel shaft synchronous with described pay-off moves;

When described pay-off is described wire feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, processed silk material is sent by described wire feeder continuously, the melting end of beam-plasma to processed silk material simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of described melting end fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream;

When described pay-off is described dust feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described dust feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, described dust feeder sends printed material continuously, the beam-plasma simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted sent printed material, and makes the molten melt drop of sent printed material fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream;

Step 202-4023, plasma generator move reset: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller, described plasma generator in the vertical direction is driven to move up and down, until the basis being current institute printing shaping layer in step 202-4021 by the Height Adjustment of described plasma generator prints height;

Step 202-403, repeatedly repetition step 202-402, until complete the print procedure of all shape layers of wheel rim;

When adopting described direct repairing method to carry out wheel wear defect repair in step 202, process is as follows:

Step 20211, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt described data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that described image processing module obtains eroded area on wheel rim, call hierarchy slicing module again and hierarchy slicing is carried out to the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel rim, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel rim, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 20212, scanning pattern are filled: according to the method described in step 202-2, obtain the scanning pattern of multiple described point layer cross section in step 20211;

Step 20213, printing path obtain: according to the method described in step 202-3, obtain the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section in step 20211;

Step 20214, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20213, and according to the method described in step 202-4, successively the eroded area on wheel rim is printed from the inside to the outside;

When adopting in step 202 that repairing method carries out wheel wear defect repair again after described removal, process is as follows:

Step 20221, wheel rim are removed: drive wheel shaft to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers level of control rotating mechanism, and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt the wheel rim of machining set-up to described train wheel to be repaired to remove;

Step 20222, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, described in step 20221 train wheel to be repaired wheel hub on print wheel rim.

Above-mentionedly carry out to train wheel to be repaired the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again, it is characterized in that: the outside of described wheel hub is along the circumferential direction laid with one deck wheel face surface layer, the wheel face of described train wheel to be repaired is the outer surface of wheel face surface layer; When carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, when detect there is wheel face wear-out defect in described train wheel to be repaired time, also need the degree of wear of the wheel face surface layer to described train wheel to be repaired to judge: when the degree of wear judging wheel face surface layer is part wears, after adopting direct repairing method or removal in step 206, repairing method carries out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect again; When judging the degree of wear of wheel face surface layer for all wearing and tearing, when carrying out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect in step 206, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, the wheel hub of described train wheel to be repaired prints wheel face surface layer;

When adopting direct repairing method to carry out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect in step 206, process is as follows:

Step 20611, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt described data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that described image processing module obtains eroded area on wheel face surface layer, call hierarchy slicing module again and hierarchy slicing is carried out to the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel face surface layer, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image to obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area carries out hierarchy slicing on wheel face surface layer, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 20612, scanning pattern are filled: according to the method described in step 202-2, obtain the scanning pattern of multiple described point layer cross section in step 20611;

Step 20613, printing path obtain: according to the method described in step 202-3, obtain the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section in step 20611;

Step 20614, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20613, and according to the method described in step 202-4, successively the eroded area on wheel face surface layer is printed from the inside to the outside;

When after adopting removal in step 206, repairing method carries out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect again, process is as follows:

Step 20621, wheel face surface layer are removed: drive wheel shaft to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers level of control rotating mechanism, and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt the wheel face surface layer of machining set-up to described train wheel to be repaired to remove;

Step 20622, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, described in step 20621 train wheel to be repaired wheel hub on print wheel face surface layer.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

1, it is convenient that the train wheel plasma 3D adopted prints that manufacturing equipment structure is again simple, reasonable in design and input cost is lower, processing and fabricating and installing is laid.

2, the train wheel plasma 3D adopted prints manufacturing equipment without the need to airtight forming room again, and does not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, and repair process (namely again manufacture process) directly carries out under atmospheric environment.Thus, structure is very simple, and finished parts size is unrestricted again, and equipment price is lower.

3, train wheel plasma 3D prints the printed material supply of manufacturing equipment in energy source beam-plasma (the drop plasma beam of material) again, the moulding cylinder system spreading powder is not needed or not to spread powder system, only need the pay-off that external, structure significantly simplifies.

4, the train wheel plasma 3D adopted prints manufacturing equipment again and uses easy and simple to handle, intelligence degree and efficiency is high, result of use is good, and the shaping train wheel quality of institute is good.The monitoring system adopted comprise horizontally moving device is controlled move horizontally controller, the real-time temperature detecting unit detected is carried out to printing position temperature, distance between the outlet of shower nozzle and wheel shaft or horizontal support mechanism is carried out to the distance detecting unit detected in real time, to the printing distance adjustment controller that printing distance adjusting means controls, the rotation angle detecting unit detected in real time and the Rotation Controllers controlled horizontal rotary mechanism are carried out to the anglec of rotation of wheel shaft, print distance adjustment controller to be connected with printing distance adjusting means, temperature detecting unit and distance detecting unit are all connected with printing distance adjustment controller, temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing distance adjustment controller, and rotation angle detecting unit is connected with Rotation Controllers.

In actual use procedure, printing distance adjustment controller in temperature control device controls printing distance adjusting means according to temperature detecting unit institute Detection Information, make to print distance energy Automatic adjusument, can prevent from like this causing the shape layer printed to occur the problem melted again because printing hypotelorism, and also can prevent because printing the formed precision that causes of hypertelorism lower, the problems such as molten melt drop solidifies before a printable layer outer surface on being sprayed onto, forming process is made to be easy to control, and realize conveniently, can effectively prevent the surface of train wheel wheel rim or wheel face to be oxidized simultaneously, thus without the need to arranging airtight vacuum environment.In addition, the monitoring system adopted also comprises gas flow Automatic adjusument and powder mass flow Automatic adjusument function, and intelligence degree is high.

5, train wheel plasma 3D prints the energy source of manufacturing equipment employing is again beam-plasma, and beam-plasma power can reach tens of kilowatt, energy molten ceramic material, realizes the plasma casting rapid shaping of metal, cermet and ceramic part.Plasma generator (specifically plasma gun) structure producing beam-plasma is simple, and operation expense is low, and plasma casting rapid forming equipment cost is low.

6, train wheel plasma 3D prints the drop of manufacturing equipment institute printed material in plasma beam again; beam-plasma itself has protective effect; add the effect of working gas; effectively can prevent the oxidation of printed material; this equipment does not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment; directly use under atmospheric environment, have that device structure is simple, operating cost is low, the advantage such as finished parts size is unrestricted again.

7, adopt pay-off to be delivered to continuously in beam-plasma by printed material, printed material cost is low.When printed material is powder, a powder or prilling powder can be used, do not need spherical powder.This equipment printed material cost is low.

8, train wheel plasma 3D print again manufacturing equipment print time materials behavior become solid-state by settable liquid, technical process simplify, reduce 3D print technology difficulty and cost.

The printed material adopted is silk material or powder.When printed material is silk material, under the effect of working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas), the melting end of processed silk material heats and is fused into molten condition and forms small drop in beam-plasma, molten melt drop after fusing continuously and form liquid stream and spray in the lump with beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed; Because the fused solution stream of processed silk material formation after fusing is with after beam-plasma ejection, the microstream of band printed material fused solution stream in being formed, formation casting type is shaping, avoid molten drop cooled and solidified shaping time produce rounded constrictions phenomenon, part mechanical property is high, smooth surface, reduces the technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

When printed material is powder, under the effect of working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas), the powder that dust feeder is sent accelerates in beam-plasma, heat and be fused into molten condition and form small drop, molten melt drop after fusing continuously and form liquid stream and spray in the lump with beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed; The fused solution stream that the powder sent continuously due to dust feeder is formed after fusing is with after beam-plasma ejection, the microstream of band printed material fused solution stream in being formed, the cladding forming casting type manufactures rapid shaping, avoid molten drop cooled and solidified shaping time produce rounded constrictions phenomenon, part mechanical property is high, smooth surface, reduces the technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

9, adopt train wheel plasma 3D to print again manufacturing equipment complete function and use easy and simple to handle, occupation mode flexible, and there is defects detection and machined function.The cost of this equipment is lower, adopt plasma gun price in plasma beam system of processing low, changes, maintenance cost is low, and use cost is low.Adopt the present invention can print the local defect of train wheel to be repaired to manufacture again, also can print whole wheel rim, part wheel rim, whole wheel face or part wheel face and manufacture again, the wheel rim that can also manufacture again printing and wheel face carry out fine finishining, and the train wheel that printing is manufactured again is directly used on train.

10, the train wheel plasma 3D that adopts print reproducing method simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, result of use is good, the wheel wear that can exist train wheel and wheel planar defect are carried out easy, fast and high-quality reparation.

11, adopt the plasma 3D Method of printing step of plasma beam system of processing simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, result of use is good, undertaken improving printed material directly sent in beam-plasma by plasma gun structure and melt, form the drop plasma beam of institute's printed material.Beam-plasma has protective effect, does not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, directly prints under atmospheric environment.Further, printed material supply, in energy source beam-plasma (the drop plasma beam of material), does not need the moulding cylinder system spreading powder.During printing, materials behavior becomes solid-state by settable liquid, and technical process simplifies, and reduces technology difficulty and cost that 3D prints, and prints part and no longer limit by size.As shown in the above, the present invention improves in essence to traditional plasma surfacing method, and existing plasma surfacing method is generally provided with plasma arc voltage Height-adjusting device, and the distance of plasma gun and surface of the work is not more than 15mm, and the scope of application is limited.And in the present invention, print distance can on a large scale in regulate, adapting to unlike material prints demand, and effectively can ensure the Forming Quality of workpiece (i.e. train wheel wheel rim or wheel face).

Adopt energy efficient solution of the present invention to determine the problems referred to above that precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology and electron beam rapid shaping technique exist, and for train wheel provides a kind of brand-new train wheel reproducing method, effectively can solve the various problems that existing laser cladding method exists, have that efficiency is high, Forming Quality good, wheel hub and between wheel rim and wheel face surface layer bonding strength high, repairs the advantages such as train wheel quality is afterwards good.

12, printed material (i.e. train wheel wheel rim or wheel face surface layer material used) fusing in beam-plasma forms drop, and beam-plasma has protection and purification effect, avoids the material contamination in smelting and casting cycle, train wheel stable performance.Plasma 3D is adopted to print train wheel wheel rim and wheel face, beam-plasma energy source energy density is controlled, heat input is controlled, there is temperature feedback and control system simultaneously, in lower one deck wheel rim and wheel face file printing process, plasma beam can carry out synchronous heat treatment to last layer printed material, print wheel rim and wheel face thermal stress little, there will not be micro-crack or cracking, therefore, do not need to carry out preheating and heat treatment to train wheel, thus do not need removing vehicle tyres and bearing, wheel rim and wheel face low cost of manufacture, efficiency is high, can not have an impact to the reliability of igneous rock cracks.

In addition, adopt the present invention train wheel face can be printed and return to original size, avoid tradition can only process and reduce wheel diameter and the shortcoming of original size can not be returned to, make that the wheel of permutation train is identical to axis height, wheel diameter is identical, make train running steady, and the life-span that wheel can be made right is close, is convenient to life appraisal, reliability improves and is convenient to management.Simultaneously, adopt the present invention can carry out removing to wheel rim and wheel face the pretreatment of defect, also can carry out fine finishining to the wheel rim after printing and wheel face, complete train wheel wheel rim and wheel face are printed on a set of equipment and complete, and the igneous rock cracks of printing wheel rim and wheel face is directly used on train.

When 13, adopting the present invention to print train wheel wheel rim and wheel face, beam-plasma has protective effect, power is large and heat input is controlled, beam-plasma atmosphere also has Reactive Synthesis feature, can design train wheel rim material and synthesize, the second-phase generating low-friction coefficient, as graphite, hexagonal AlN, TiC etc., makes the train wheel wheel rim of printing have Wear-resistant performance, further raising wheel rim service life, reduce the wearing and tearing to rail simultaneously; Can train wheel plane materiel material be designed and be synthesized, generate the relatively low but second-phase not reducing hardness of coefficient of friction as TiC, TiCN etc., make the train wheel wheel face of printing have Wear-resistant performance, improve further wheel face service life, reduce the wearing and tearing to rail simultaneously.

When adopting the present invention to manufacture train wheel again, technical process is simple, and technological process is short, and equipment cost is low.And, plasma beam system of processing disclosed in this invention can directly use under atmospheric environment, train wheel wheel rim or wheel face material therefor can be fused into liquid stream time shaping, realize continuous micro-casting rapid shaping, technical process simplifies, reduce technology difficulty and the cost of the manufacture of conventional composite train wheel, improve the performance of compound train wheel.

14, print manufacture process to carry out under atmospheric environment, easy to the handling of train wheel to be repaired, remediation efficiency is high again.The present invention is adopted directly to print with on the igneous rock cracks of wheel shaft, preheating when not needing traditional overlaying method to prepare wheel rim and wheel face and heat treatment process, train wheel is not needed to disassemble from wheel shaft, reduce manufacturing cost, improve manufacture efficiency, improve the reliability of igneous rock cracks, and fine finishining can be carried out to the wheel rim printed and wheel face, enable to directly apply on train.

Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic block circuit diagram of monitoring system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of air inlet ring of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of air inlet ring body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the FB(flow block) of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping reproducing method of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again in the embodiment of the present invention 3.

Description of reference numerals:

1-feeder; 2-processed silk material; 3-1-wheel shaft;

3-2-wheel rim; 3-3-wheel face surface layer; 3-4-wheel hub;

4-horizontal rotary mechanism; 5-air supply pipe;

6-wire tray; 7-plasma generator controller;

8-distance detecting unit; 9-temperature detecting unit;

10-print distance adjustment controller; 11-detection of gas flow rate unit;

12-gas flow controller; 13-plasma gun; 13-1-rifle body;

13-2-anode nozzle; 13-3-negative electrode; 13-4-arc chamber;

13-5-spout; 13-6-insulating barrier; 14-wire feed driving mechanism;

15-Rotation Controllers; 16-horizontal support mechanism; 17-adjusting device up and down;

18-speed detection unit; 19-wire pushing roller; 20-wire feed rate controller;

21-air inlet ring; 21-1-air inlet ring body; 21-2-annular sealing cover;

21-3-annular air inlet duct; 21-4-outside air admission hole; 21-5-inner side air admission hole;

22-three-dimensional regulation support; 22-1-X-axis travel mechanism;

22-2-Y-axis moving mechanism; 23-PC; 24-move horizontally controller;

25-flow control valve; 26-rotation angle detecting unit;

27-machining set-up; 28-three axle travel mechanisms; 29-1-powder feeder;

29-2-powder-feeding mouth.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment 1

A kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment more as shown in Figure 1, by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing, to carry out mach machining set-up 27, drives three axle travel mechanisms 28 of machining set-up 27 movement and form for the horizontal stamp pad that train wheel to be repaired is placed to train wheel to be repaired.Described horizontal stamp pad comprises horizontal support mechanism 16 and to be fixedly mounted in horizontal support mechanism 16 and to drive described train wheel to be repaired to carry out the horizontal rotary mechanism 4 rotated around the central axis of its wheel shaft 3-1, described horizontal rotary mechanism 4 is positioned at above horizontal support mechanism 16, and described wheel shaft 3-1 is level laying and it is installed on horizontal rotary mechanism 4; Described machining set-up 27 is arranged in three axle travel mechanisms 28 and it is positioned at above horizontal rotary mechanism 4.

Described plasma beam system of processing by shower nozzle is installed and for generation of the plasma generator of beam-plasma, to provide the feeder 1 of working gas for described plasma generator, for sending the pay-off of printed material continuously and forming the print position adjusting device that print position adjusts, described plasma generator and described pay-off are all positioned at above horizontal rotary mechanism 4, and described pay-off is positioned at described plasma generator side; Described feeder 1 is connected with the air inlet that described plasma generator is opened by air supply pipe 5; Described print position adjusting device comprise drive described plasma generator synchronous with described pay-off carry out movement in the horizontal plane horizontally moving device and drive described plasma generator, described pay-off and described horizontally moving device synchronizing moving and the distance tackled mutually between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 carries out the printing distance adjusting means that regulates, described plasma generator and described pay-off are installed on described horizontally moving device, and described horizontally moving device is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means.

Described pay-off is wire feeder for sending processed silk material 2 continuously or the dust feeder for sending into printed material in the continuous described beam-plasma produced to described plasma generator; When described pay-off is described wire feeder, the outer end of described processed silk material 2 is melting end, and below the outlet that described melting end is positioned at described shower nozzle and it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma, described processed silk material 2 is printed material; When described pay-off is described dust feeder, below the outlet that the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is positioned at described shower nozzle and it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma, described printed material is dusty material (i.e. powder).Further, described printed material is the wheel rim 3-2 of train wheel to be repaired material used or its wheel face (i.e. wheel face surface layer 3-3) material used.

As shown in Figure 3, described monitoring system comprise described horizontally moving device is controlled move horizontally controller 24, the Working position place temperature of described plasma beam system of processing on described train wheel to be repaired is carried out to the temperature detecting unit 9 detected in real time, distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 or horizontal support mechanism 16 is carried out to the distance detecting unit 8 detected in real time, to the printing distance adjustment controller 10 that described printing distance adjusting means controls, the rotation angle detecting unit 26 detected in real time and the Rotation Controllers 15 controlled horizontal rotary mechanism 4 are carried out to the anglec of rotation of the wheel shaft 3-1 of described train wheel to be repaired, the described controller 24 that moves horizontally is connected with described horizontally moving device, described printing distance adjustment controller 10 is connected with described printing distance adjusting means, described distance detecting unit 8 and temperature detecting unit 9 are all connected with printing distance adjustment controller 10, described temperature detecting unit 9 forms temperature control device with printing distance adjustment controller 10, described rotation angle detecting unit 26 is connected with Rotation Controllers 15.

In the present embodiment, described pay-off is described wire feeder.

Described train wheel to be repaired comprises middle part and has axis hole and be arranged on the wheel hub 3-4 on wheel shaft 3-1, and described wheel rim 3-2 is laid in wheel hub 3-2 and it is positioned at inside wheel hub 3-2; The outside of described wheel hub 3-4 is along the circumferential direction laid with one deck wheel face surface layer 3-3, and the wheel face of described train wheel to be repaired is the outer surface of wheel face surface layer 3-3.Described wheel rim 3-2 and wheel face surface layer 3-3 all lays in coaxial with wheel shaft 3-1.Described wheel face surface layer 3-3 is wearing layer.

In the present embodiment, described train wheel to be repaired is the train wheel that there is wheel wear defect and/or wheel planar defect; Described wheel wear defect is that the wheel rim 3-2 of described train wheel to be repaired exists wearing and tearing; Described planar defect of taking turns is wheel face local defect and/or wheel face wear-out defect, described wheel face local defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there is damaged or cracking, described wheel face wear-out defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there are wearing and tearing.

Meanwhile, the top of described horizontal rotary mechanism 4 is provided with the ultrasonic detection device or three-dimensional laser scanner that detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists.

In the present embodiment, ultrasonic detection device is adopted to detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists.

And, described ultrasonic detection device and machining set-up 27 are installed in same three axle travel mechanisms 28, described three axle travel mechanisms 28 are the travel mechanism that described ultrasonic detection device and machining set-up 27 can be driven in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction synchronously to carry out movement, as three axle mobile platforms, three-dimensional mechanical hand, three axles regulate support, gimbal etc.In the present embodiment, described three axle travel mechanisms 28 are positioned at above horizontal rotary mechanism 4.

In the present embodiment, described three axle travel mechanisms 28 are that three axles regulate support, described three axles regulate that supports comprise base, the Z axis regulating arm be arranged on described base, the Y-axis regulating arm that is arranged on the X-axis regulating arm on described Z axis regulating arm and is arranged on described X-axis regulating arm, described Y-axis regulating arm is provided with a vertical mounting rod, and described machining set-up 27 and ultrasonic detection device are arranged on the left and right sides of described vertical mounting rod respectively.

In the present embodiment, described temperature detecting unit 9 is the infrared temperature sensor described plasma beam system of processing being carried out to detection in real time in Working position place (i.e. print position place or the reparation position) temperature of described train wheel to be repaired.Described distance detecting unit 8 is laser range sensor.

When actual laying is installed, described temperature detecting unit 9 is positioned at above wheel shaft 3-1.In the present embodiment, described temperature detecting unit 9 is positioned at directly over wheel shaft 3-1.

The outlet of described shower nozzle is positioned at directly over wheel shaft 3-1, and described plasma generator and wheel shaft 3-1 are laid on same vertical plane.

It should be noted that: the distance between the outlet of the described shower nozzle that described distance detecting unit 8 detects and wheel shaft 3-1 is the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1.

In the present embodiment, described horizontally moving device comprises the described plasma generator of the drive X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 that in the X-axis direction carry out move horizontally synchronous with described wire feeder and drives described plasma generator and described wire feeder synchronously to carry out the Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 moved horizontally in the Y-axis direction, and thus described horizontally moving device is X-Y shaft moving device.Wherein, X-direction is the central axial direction of wheel shaft 3-1.

Further, described plasma generator and described wire feeder are installed on Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, and described Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 is arranged on X-axis travel mechanism 22-1, and described X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means.In actual use procedure, driven by Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 that described plasma generator is synchronous with described wire feeder to be moved horizontally in the Y-axis direction, drive Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 by X-axis travel mechanism 22-1, described plasma generator is synchronous with described wire feeder moves horizontally in the X-axis direction, and driven by described printing distance adjusting means that described horizontally moving device, described plasma generator are synchronous with described wire feeder to be moved on the central axis of described beam-plasma.

In the present embodiment, described Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 and described printing distance adjusting means composition drive described plasma generator (specifically plasma gun 13) and described wire feeder synchronously to carry out the manipulator of three-dimensional motion.

In the present embodiment, described monitoring system also comprises the plasma generator controller 7, the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 gas flow of air supply pipe 5 being carried out to detection in real time and the gas flow controller 12 controlled the flow control valve 25 that air supply pipe 5 is installed that control described plasma generator, described plasma generator controller 7 is connected with described plasma generator, and described detection of gas flow rate unit 11 is connected with gas flow controller 12.

As shown in Figure 2, described plasma generator comprises plasma gun 13, and described shower nozzle is the anode nozzle 13-2 of plasma gun 13 front end.Described plasma gun 13 comprise have described air inlet rifle body 13-1, be positioned at the anode nozzle 13-2 in rifle body 13-1 dead ahead and be plugged in the negative electrode 13-3 of rifle body 13-1, described anode nozzle 13-2 is positioned on front side of negative electrode 13-3, described arc chamber 13-4 is positioned on front side of negative electrode 13-3 and it is positioned at the posterior medial of anode nozzle 13-2, and the front inner of described anode nozzle 13-2 is spout 13-5; Described anode nozzle 13-2, negative electrode 13-3 and arc chamber 13-4 all lay in coaxial with rifle body 13-1.Described air inlet is positioned on rear side of rifle body 13-1, described spout 13-5 and rifle body 13-1 in coaxial lay or and the central axis of described rifle body 13-1 between angle be 30 ° ~ 45 °.

During actual use, described plasma gun 13 is arranged on Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2.

During actual use, described plasma gun 13 also can adopt other conventional plasma gun.

In the present embodiment, between described anode nozzle 13-2 and rifle body 13-1, be provided with insulating barrier 13-6.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, described spout 13-5 lays in coaxial with rifle body 13-1.

In the present embodiment, described air supply pipe 5 is connected with the air inlet that described plasma generator is opened by air inlet ring 21.Further, by air inlet ring 21 even air feed in described plasma generator.

During actual use, described horizontally moving device may also be only and drives the described plasma generator X-axis travel mechanism 24-1 that in the X-axis direction carry out move horizontally synchronous with described wire feeder.Now, described plasma gun 13 is arranged on X-axis travel mechanism 24-1.

As Fig. 4, shown in Fig. 5, described air inlet ring 21 is annular and it comprises air inlet ring body 21-1 and mounts cover the annular sealing cover 21-2 on air inlet ring body 21-1, described air inlet ring body 21-1 is annular and its madial wall has an annular air inlet duct 21-3, described air inlet ring body 21-1 has inside an outside air admission hole 21-4 and its connected with air supply pipe 5 and have multiple inner side air admission hole 21-5, multiple described inner side air admission hole 21-5 along the circumferential direction evenly lays and it is all positioned at inside annular air inlet duct 21-3, described outside air admission hole 21-4 is positioned at outside annular air inlet duct 21-3, described outside air admission hole 21-4 and multiple described inner side air admission hole 21-5 all communicates with annular air inlet duct 21-3 inside.

Further, described rifle body 13-1 along the circumferential direction has multiple rifle body air admission hole communicated with multiple described inner side air admission hole 21-5 respectively.

In plasma gun 13 use procedure as shown in Figure 2, produce plasma in described arc chamber 13-4, the plasma produced forms beam-plasma and sprays through spout 13-5.

In the present embodiment, described working gas is inert gas or H ₂gas.

Wherein, inert gas is Ar gas, He gas and N ₂gas.

During actual use, described horizontal support mechanism 16 is the mobile platform that fixed supporting construction maybe can move up and down.

When described horizontal support mechanism 16 is mobile platform, described monitoring system also comprises the position adjustment controller controlled described mobile platform, and described position adjustment controller is connected with described mobile platform.During actual use, described mobile platform can be three axis numerically controlled machine.Further, described position adjustment controller is the controller of three axis numerically controlled machine.During actual use, the vertical mobile device that described mobile platform also can adopt other device that can complete X, Y and Z axis three directions motions or energy in the vertical direction to carry out moving up and down.

In the present embodiment, described horizontal support mechanism 16 is the fixed fixed supporting construction in position.

In actual use procedure, the angle between the central axis of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces and vertical plane is not more than 45 °; Described printing distance adjusting means is the adjusting device up and down 17 adjusted up and down described shower nozzle along the central axis of described beam-plasma.When described distance detecting unit 8 detects the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, the central axis along described beam-plasma is detected in real time from the distance exported between wheel shaft 3-1 of described shower nozzle.When described distance detecting unit 8 detects the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16, the central axis along described beam-plasma is detected in real time from the distance exported between horizontal support mechanism 16 of described shower nozzle.Because the relative position of wheel shaft 3-1 and horizontal support mechanism 16 is constant, thus the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle detected according to distance detecting unit 8 and wheel shaft 3-1, and in conjunction with the position relationship of wheel shaft 3-1 and horizontal support mechanism 16, the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16 directly can be drawn.

In the present embodiment, described upper and lower adjusting device 17 is Z-direction adjusting device, and wherein Z-direction is vertical direction.

Further, described upper and lower adjusting device 17 is telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the central axis of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces is vertically to laying.Actual when using, can according to specific needs, the angle between the central axis of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces and vertical plane is adjusted accordingly.

In the present embodiment, described wire feeder comprises top and is wound with the wire tray 6 of processed silk material 2, the wire feeder carried processed silk material 2 and the wire feed driving mechanism 14 driven described wire feeder, and described wire feeder to be positioned at inside wire tray 6 and to be connected with described wire feeder; Described wire tray 6 to be coaxially arranged in rotating shaft and can to rotate around described rotating shaft.

In the present embodiment, described Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 and described printing distance adjusting means composition three-dimensional regulation support 22.During actual use, in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction, the wire feed direction of processed silk material 2 and the position of plasma gun 13 are regulated respectively by three-dimensional regulation support 22.

In the present embodiment, described wire feeder is wire pushing roller 19, described wire pushing roller 19 comprises active roller group and return idler group, described active roller group comprises two and is undertaken driving by wire feed driving mechanism 14 and the contrary active roller of rotation direction, it is contrary and lay respectively at the return idler of processed silk material 2 both sides that described return idler group comprises two rotation directions, described active roller group is positioned at described return idler group side, and two described active rollers lay respectively at processed silk material 2 both sides.

In the present embodiment, described wire feed driving mechanism 14 is stepper motor.In actual use procedure, by changing the rotating speed of described stepper motor, easy, rapid adjustment is carried out to the wire feed rate of described wire feeder.

Further, the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is at the uniform velocity.

During actual installation, described wire tray 6, described wire feeder and wire feed driving mechanism 14 are installed on Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2.

In the present embodiment, described monitoring system also comprises carries out the speed detection unit 18 detected in real time and the wire feed rate controller 20 controlled wire feed driving mechanism 14 to the wire feed rate of processed silk material 2, and described speed detection unit 18 is connected with wire feed rate controller 20.

In the present embodiment, described monitoring system also comprises respectively to Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 horizontal displacement in the Y-axis direction, the first displacement detecting unit, the second displacement detecting unit and the triple motion detecting unit that detect in real time X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 horizontal displacement in the X-axis direction and carrying out the displacement in the Z-axis direction of upper and lower adjusting device 17, described first displacement detecting unit and the second displacement detecting unit all with move horizontally controller 24 and be connected, described triple motion detecting unit is connected with printing distance adjustment controller 10.

In the present embodiment, described plasma generator controller 7, gas flow controller 12, Rotation Controllers 15, printing distance adjustment controller 10 and wire feed rate controller 20 all connect with described data processing equipment, and described data processing equipment is PC 23.Described feeder 1 carries out on off control by PC 23.

In the present embodiment, described ultrasonic detection device is all connected with described data processing equipment with machining set-up 27, described ultrasonic detection device is by its testing result synchronous driving to described data processing equipment, and described machining set-up 27 and ultrasonic detection device control by described data processing equipment.Described three axle travel mechanisms 28 are undertaken controlling by described data processing equipment and it is connected with data processing equipment.

In the present embodiment, described machining set-up 27 comprises polishing utensil and removal tool, and described removal tool is drilling tool or cutting tool.

During actual installation, described polishing utensil and removal tool can be installed on a Multifunctional knife rack dish.

In the present embodiment, described horizontal rotary mechanism 4 comprises the rotary drive mechanism 4-2 that two, left and right is all fixedly mounted on rotary support seat 4-1 in horizontal support mechanism 16 and drives wheel shaft 3-1 to carry out rotating, and the two ends of described wheel shaft 3-1 to be arranged on respectively on two described rotary support seat 4-1 and to be all connected by bearing between its two ends with two described rotary support seat 4-1; Described rotary drive mechanism 4-2 is electronic rotation driving mechanism and itself and wheel shaft 3-1 are in transmission connection, and described rotary drive mechanism 4-2 is undertaken controlling by Rotation Controllers 27 and it is connected with horizontal rotary mechanism 4.

Further, two described rotary support seat 4-1 be bearing block and the two all in vertically to laying, described rotary drive mechanism 4-2 is arranged on a described rotary support seat 4-1 and one end of itself and wheel shaft 3-1 is in transmission connection.

Actual when using, the quantity of described rotary drive mechanism 4-2 also can be two, and two described rotary drive mechanism 4-2 are arranged on two described rotary support seat 4-1 respectively and the two is in transmission connection with the two ends of wheel shaft 3-1 respectively.

A kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping reproducing method as shown in Figure 6, comprises the following steps:

Described train wheel to be repaired is the train wheel that there is wheel wear defect and/or wheel planar defect; Described wheel wear defect is that the wheel rim 3-2 of described train wheel to be repaired exists wearing and tearing; Described planar defect of taking turns is wheel face local defect and/or wheel face wear-out defect, described wheel face local defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there is damaged or cracking, described wheel face wear-out defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there are wearing and tearing;

Step 202, wheel wear defect repair: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, adopt described plasma beam system of processing, the eroded area of the wheel rim 3-2 of described train wheel to be repaired is repaired, completes the wheel rim manufacture process again of described train wheel to be repaired; Wherein, when repairing the eroded area of wheel rim 3-2, described plasma beam system of processing is adopted to carry out plasma 3D printing to the eroded area of wheel rim 3-2.

Step 2041, rejected region are removed: first controlled by Rotation Controllers 15 pairs of horizontal rotary mechanisms 4, and drive described train wheel to be repaired to rotate around the central axis of its wheel shaft 3-1, until current repaired wheel face local defect present position is rotated above the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1; Adopt described machining set-up 27 to remove region residing for wheel face local defect current repaired on described train wheel to be repaired again, obtain the to be filled region corresponding with current repaired wheel face local defect;

Step 206, wheel face wear-out defect are repaired: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, adopt described plasma beam system of processing, the eroded area of the wheel face of described train wheel to be repaired is repaired, completes the manufacture process again of described train wheel to be repaired.Wherein, when repairing the eroded area of described wheel face, described plasma beam system of processing is adopted to carry out plasma 3D printing to the eroded area of described wheel face.

In the present embodiment, the quantity of the train wheel described to be repaired that described wheel shaft 3-1 installs is two, and two described train wheels to be repaired form an igneous rock cracks.Actual when using, on described wheel shaft 3-1 train wheel to be repaired is installed quantity also can be one.

In the present embodiment, according to the method described in step one to step 2, two described train wheels to be repaired that described wheel shaft 3-1 installs are manufactured respectively again.

In the present embodiment, when carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, wheel shaft 3-1 is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in wheel shaft 3-1 rotary course, adopt the ultrasonic detection device of setting above horizontal rotary mechanism 4 or three-dimensional laser scanner to detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists.

Further, when carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, only wheel shaft 3-1 need be rotated a circle.When adopting ultrasonic detection device to detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists, ultrasonic detection method conveniently detects.

In the present embodiment, after completing train wheel reparation in step 2, obtain train wheel after repairing; Afterwards, drive wheel shaft 3-1 to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt machining set-up 27 to carry out fine finishining to train wheel after described reparation.

After described reparation, the structure of train wheel is all identical with size with the structure of the train wheel finished product of train wheel to be repaired with size, and the train wheel finished product of described train wheel to be repaired is the train wheel that there is not any defect.Thus, adopt machining set-up 27 to when train wheel carries out fine finishining after described reparation, specifically fine finishining is carried out to the size of train wheel after described reparation or the outer surface of train wheel after described reparation is polished, make its size can meet the dimensional requirement of train wheel finished product by carrying out fine finishining to the size of train wheel after described reparation, by the requirement making its surface roughness can meet train wheel finished product of polishing to the outer surface of train wheel after described reparation, thus after making described reparation, train wheel can directly apply on steel rolling production-line.

In the present embodiment, adopt machining set-up 27 to when train wheel carries out fine finishining after described reparation, adopt machining set-up 27 only to polish to the outer surface of train wheel after described reparation, make its surface roughness can meet the requirement of train wheel finished product.

In the present embodiment, when carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, when detect there is wheel wear defect in described train wheel to be repaired time, also need the degree of wear of the wheel rim 3-2 to described train wheel to be repaired to judge: when the degree of wear judging wheel rim 3-2 is part wears, after adopting direct repairing method or removal in step 202, repairing method carries out wheel wear defect repair again; When judging the degree of wear of wheel rim 3-2 for all wearing and tearing, when carrying out wheel wear defect repair in step 202, process is as follows:

Step 202-1, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that image processing module obtains wheel rim 3-2, call hierarchy slicing module again and hierarchy slicing is carried out to the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel rim 3-2, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel rim 3-2, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 202-4, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 202-3, wheel hub 3-4 successively prints wheel rim 3-2 from the inside to the outside, obtains by multiple shape layer wheel rim 3-2 stacking from the inside to the outside; The quantity of described shape layer is identical with the quantity of described in step 202-1 point of layer cross section, the installation position of multiple described shape layer is respectively with the installation position one_to_one corresponding of multiple described point layer cross section and its thickness is all identical, the thickness of described shape layer is identical with the distance between described in adjacent two points of layer cross sections, and in step 202-3, the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section is respectively the printing path of multiple described shape layer; When printing wheel rim 3-2, process is as follows:

Step 202-401, bottom print: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 202-3, wheel shaft 3-1 is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in wheel shaft 3-1 rotary course, described in move horizontally controller 24 and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop on the outer surface of wheel hub 3-4; After wheel shaft 3-1 rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

Step 202-402, lower one deck print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 202-4021, plasma generator moving: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller 10, driving described plasma generator in the vertical direction once to move up and moving up highly identical with the thickness of described shape layer;

Step 202-4022, printing and synchronous temperature control: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 202-3, wheel shaft 3-1 is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in wheel shaft 3-1 rotary course, described in move horizontally controller 24 and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to a current printed upper described shape layer outer surface on; After wheel shaft 3-1 rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, in described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, detected in real time by the hull-skin temperature of temperature detecting unit 9 to a current printed upper described shape layer and institute's detected temperatures synchronizing information is sent to and print distance adjustment controller 10, by distance detecting unit 8 distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 detected in real time simultaneously and detected range information synchronous driving is extremely printed distance adjustment controller 10; The temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller 10 detects according to the temperature detecting unit 9 and distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 being regulated by controlling described printing distance adjusting means, the hull-skin temperature making a current printed upper described shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of material fusing point of described printed material;

Plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022 is synchronous with described pay-off when moving in the horizontal plane, and described plasma generator central axis along wheel shaft 3-1 synchronous with described pay-off moves;

In the present embodiment, described pay-off is described wire feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, processed silk material 2 is sent by described wire feeder continuously, the melting end of beam-plasma to processed silk material 2 simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of described melting end fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream; Described liquid flow point is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed;

Step 202-4023, plasma generator move reset: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller 10, described plasma generator in the vertical direction is driven to move up and down, until the basis being current institute printing shaping layer in step 202-4021 by the Height Adjustment of described plasma generator prints height;

Step 202-403, repeatedly repetition step 202-402, until complete the print procedure of all shape layers of wheel rim 3-2;

Step 20211, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt described data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that described image processing module obtains eroded area on wheel rim 3-2, call hierarchy slicing module again and hierarchy slicing is carried out to the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel rim 3-2, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image to obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area carries out hierarchy slicing on wheel rim 3-2, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 20214, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20213, and according to the method described in step 202-4, successively the eroded area on wheel rim 3-2 is printed from the inside to the outside;

Step 20221, wheel rim are removed: drive wheel shaft 3-1 to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt the wheel rim 3-2 of machining set-up 27 to described train wheel to be repaired to remove;

Step 20222, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, described in step 20221 train wheel to be repaired wheel hub 3-4 on print wheel rim 3-2.

In this step, the wheel rim 3-2 of removal is the wheel rim 3-2 described train wheel to be repaired existing wearing and tearing;

Step 20222, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, described in step 20221 train wheel to be repaired wheel hub 3-4 on print wheel rim 3-2;

In this step, the wheel rim 3-2 of printing is the wheel rim 3-2 that there are not wearing and tearing.

In the present embodiment, described wheel shaft 3-1 is cylindrical, and described wheel rim 3-2 is cylindrical shape, and in step 202-1, a multiple described point layer cross section is the face of cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the module of hierarchy slicing described in step 202-1 is hierarchy slicing software.Described hierarchy slicing software is that 3D prints the conventional batch Slice Software adopted, as Cura, Xbuilder, Makerbot etc.

In the present embodiment, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, described plasma generator central axis along wheel shaft 3-1 synchronous with described pay-off moves left and right.And, in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, drive wheel shaft 3-1 when its central axis rotates by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, described wheel shaft 3-1 is rotated for M time to rear point by elder generation, be rotated in place rear described wheel shaft 3-1 each time all to stop the rotation, move horizontally controller 24 afterwards and described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives described plasma generator once to move to the left or to the right along the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1.Wherein, plasma generator described in the quantity of M and the printing path of current institute printing shaping layer carries out identical with the total degree moved right left along the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1.

Thus, the quantity of M is determined according to the lap width between the spray width (i.e. sweep length) of the girth (namely printing overall width) of current institute printing shaping layer, described plasma beam two described plasma beams adjacent with front and back.

The system of processing of plasma beam described in step 202-401 by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band fused solution stream to the outer surface of wheel hub 3-4 time, the fused solution stream of interior band synchronously flow on the outer surface of wheel hub 3-4.The system of processing of plasma beam described in step 202-4022 by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band fused solution stream to a current printed upper described shape layer outer surface on time, the fused solution stream of interior band synchronously flow on the outer surface of a current printed upper described shape layer.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel rim 3-2 in step 202-1, according to the three-dimensional stereo model of the train wheel finished product (i.e. certified products) of described train wheel to be repaired, obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel rim 3-2.

And, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel rim in step 20211, according to the three-dimensional stereo model of the three-dimensional stereo model of described train wheel to be repaired with the train wheel finished product (i.e. certified products) of this train wheel to be repaired, obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel rim 3-2.

In the present embodiment, when successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 20214, process is as follows: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20213, the wheel rim 3-2 of described train wheel to be repaired successively prints the eroded area of wheel rim 3-2 from the inside to the outside, obtains by the eroded area repair structure of multiple shape layer wheel rim 3-2 stacking from the inside to the outside; Shape layer described herein is the shape layer in described eroded area repair structure, the quantity of described shape layer is identical with the quantity of described in step 20211 point of layer cross section, the installation position of multiple described shape layer is respectively with the installation position one_to_one corresponding of described point layer cross section multiple in step 20211 and its thickness is all identical, the thickness of described shape layer is identical with the distance in step 20211 described in adjacent two between point layer cross section, and in step 20213, the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section is respectively the printing path of multiple described shape layer; When the eroded area of wheel rim 3-2 is printed, print according to the method described in step 202-401 to step 202-403.

In the present embodiment, when carrying out wheel wear defect repair in step 202, described plasma beam system of processing printed material (namely the printed material in described plasma generator sent into by described pay-off) used is the wheel rim 3-2 of described train wheel to be repaired material used.

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 202-4, data processing equipment described in step 202-1 is first according to the material fusing point set up in advance and printing range data storehouse, and the Material Name of the described printed material pre-entered in combination with parameter input unit, distance is printed to the basis of described printed material and determines; Described parameter input unit connects with described data processing equipment;

Described material fusing point and print in range data storehouse the material fusing point that stores various material and print range information, the material fusing point of often kind of described material and print range information and include the title of this kind of material, fusing point and basis and print distance D; It is 5mm ~ 1000mm that described basis prints distance D, and material fusing point is higher, and it is nearer that basis prints distance D;

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 202-401, described printing distance adjustment controller 10 is D+r according to the range information detected apart from detecting unit 8 and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by the distance adjustment between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, wherein r is the radius (being specially the radius at the installation position place of wheel rim 3-2 on wheel hub 3-4) of wheel hub 3-4, and the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 is the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1; In step 202-401 in bottom print procedure, the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 is D+r;

Carry out in step 202-4022 printing and before synchronous temperature control, described printing distance adjustment controller 10 is according to the range information detected apart from detecting unit 8 and in conjunction with the current number of plies N having printed described shape layer, and be D+r+N × d by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by the distance adjustment between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, wherein d is the thickness of described shape layer; When the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 being regulated in step 4022, the temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller 10 detects according to temperature detecting unit 9 range information that Binding distance detecting unit 8 detects regulate the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, between 0.1 times ~ 0.6 times that makes the hull-skin temperature of a current printed upper described shape layer control material fusing point at described printed material; Further, when regulating the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm ~ 60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is less.

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 202-4, data processing equipment described in step 202-1 first according to the gas set up in advance and powder mass flow database, is determined the base gas flow of air supply pipe 5 and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder;

Described gas flow and wire feed rate databases contain the wire feed rate needed for shape layer and the base gas flow of multiple different thickness; Described base gas flow is 50ml/min ~ 15000ml/min, and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is larger, and described base gas flow is larger;

In the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, described speed detection unit 18 detects the wire feed rate of described wire feeder and in real time by institute's Detection Information synchronous driving to wire feed rate controller 20, described wire feed rate controller 20 is according to the wire feed rate of predetermined described wire feeder and control wire feed driving mechanism 14 in conjunction with speed detection unit 18 Detection Information, makes the wire feed rate of described wire feeder all identical with predetermined wire feed rate;

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 202-401, described gas flow controller 12 is according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Detection Information and by control flow check adjustable valve 25, the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is adjusted to described base gas flow; In step 202-401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of described air supply pipe 5 is described base gas flow;

Carry out in step 202-4022 printing and in synchronous temperature control process, described gas flow controller 12 according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Detection Information and Binding distance detecting unit 8 detecting distance information, and carries out increase and decrease adjustment by the gas flow of control flow check adjustable valve 25 pairs of air supply pipes 5; Further, the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 is larger, and the gas flow of described air supply pipe 5 is larger.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining three-dimensional stereo model, utilize the three-dimensional graphics software such as pro/e, UG, CATIA to design three-dimensional stereo model (i.e. three-dimensional entity model), or utilize reverse engineering to solve three-dimensional stereo model; By described hierarchy slicing module, hierarchy slicing is carried out to this three-dimensional stereo model again, and obtain the outline data in each cross section, generated by outline data and fill scanning pattern, the printing path (i.e. the printing path of each point of layer cross section) of corresponding acquisition described plasma beam system of processing.Thus, the method adopted in step 202-1 and step 202-2, method that is shaping with conventional laser selective melting or the shaping employing of electron beam selective melting is identical.Afterwards, carry out in the horizontal plane in X-direction motion process according to obtained printing path, described plasma beam system of processing is by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to wheel hub 3-4 or on the outer surface of a current printed upper described shape layer; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of a shape layer; Then, carry out the printing of next shape layer, so successively print, thus complete the print procedure of wheel rim 3-2.

In the present embodiment, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, the wire feed rate of described processed silk material 2 is 0.1m/min ~ 10m/min, and the diameter of described processed silk material 2 is 0.02mm ~ 10mm; The diameter of described processed silk material 2 is larger, and wire feed rate is slower; And the material fusing point of processed silk material 2 is higher, wire feed rate is slower.

Distance between the melting end of described processed silk material 2 and print job face is 5mm ~ 1000mm.Wherein, the plane of print job face residing for current institute's printing shaping layer top, the distance between the melting end of processed silk material 2 and described print job face is wire feed height.

Before successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 202-4, the distance between the melting end of processed silk material 4 and print job face is adjusted to the wire feed height preset, described wire feed height is 5mm ~ 1000mm; In step 202-4 from the inside to the outside successively in print procedure, the melting end height of processed silk material 2 is constant.Distance in step 202-401 between the melting end of processed silk material 2 and wheel hub 3-4 top is wire feed height, and the distance in step 202-4022 between the melting end of processed silk material 2 and a current printed upper described shape layer upper surface is wire feed height.

Because horizontal support mechanism 16 can be three axis numerically controlled machine, described in the printing path of each described point layer cross section thus obtained in step 202-3, plasma generator mobile route in the horizontal plane also can be the machining path of three axis numerically controlled machine 16, now described plasma beam system of processing is not moved in the horizontal plane, but be moved in the horizontal plane by horizontal support mechanism 16, thus complete the print procedure of each shape layer.

In the present embodiment, when carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, when detect there is wheel face wear-out defect in described train wheel to be repaired time, also need the degree of wear of the wheel face surface layer 3-3 to described train wheel to be repaired to judge: when the degree of wear judging wheel face surface layer 3-3 is part wears, after adopting direct repairing method or removal in step 206, repairing method carries out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect again; When judging the degree of wear of wheel face surface layer 3-3 for all wearing and tearing, when carrying out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect in step 206, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, the wheel hub 3-4 of described train wheel to be repaired prints wheel face surface layer 3-3;

Step 20611, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt described data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that described image processing module obtains eroded area on wheel face surface layer 3-3, call hierarchy slicing module again and hierarchy slicing is carried out to the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel face surface layer 3-3, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image to obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area carries out hierarchy slicing on wheel face surface layer 3-3, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 20614, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20613, and according to the method described in step 202-4, successively the eroded area on wheel face surface layer 3-3 is printed from the inside to the outside;

Step 20621, wheel face surface layer are removed: drive wheel shaft 3-1 to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt the wheel face surface layer 3-3 of machining set-up 27 to described train wheel to be repaired to remove;

In this step, the wheel face surface layer 3-3 of removal is the wheel face surface layer 3-3 described train wheel to be repaired existing wearing and tearing;

Step 20622, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, described in step 20621 train wheel to be repaired wheel hub 3-4 on print wheel face surface layer 3-3;

In this step, the wheel face surface layer 3-3 of printing is the wheel face surface layer 3-3 that there are not wearing and tearing.

In actual mechanical process, when carrying out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect in step 206, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, when the wheel hub 3-4 of described train wheel to be repaired prints wheel face surface layer 3-3, process is as follows:

Step 2060-1, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that image processing module obtains wheel face surface layer 3-3, call the three-dimensional stereo model of hierarchy slicing module to wheel face surface layer 3-3 again and carry out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel face surface layer 3-3, and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 2060-2, scanning pattern are filled: adopt data processing equipment and call described image processing module, described layering cross-sectional image multiple in step 2060-1 is processed respectively, and complete the scanning pattern filling process of multiple described point layer cross section, obtain the scanning pattern of multiple described point layer cross section;

Step 2060-3, printing path obtain: described data processing equipment, according to the scanning pattern of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 2060-2, obtains the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section; The printing path of each described point layer cross section is all identical with the scanning pattern of this point of layer cross section;

Step 2060-4, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 2060-3, wheel hub 3-4 successively prints wheel face surface layer 3-3 from the inside to the outside, obtains by multiple shape layer wheel face surface layer 3-3 stacking from the inside to the outside; The quantity of described shape layer is identical with the quantity of described in step 2060-1 point of layer cross section, the installation position of multiple described shape layer is respectively with the installation position one_to_one corresponding of multiple described point layer cross section and its thickness is all identical, the thickness of described shape layer is identical with the distance between described in adjacent two points of layer cross sections, and in step 2060-3, the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section is respectively the printing path of multiple described shape layer; When printing wheel face surface layer 3-3, process is as follows:

Step 2060-401, bottom print: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 2060-3, wheel shaft 3-1 is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in wheel shaft 3-1 rotary course, described in move horizontally controller 24 and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop on the outer surface of wheel hub 3-4; After wheel shaft 3-1 rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

Step 2060-402, lower one deck print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 2060-4021, plasma generator moving: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller 10, driving described plasma generator in the vertical direction once to move up and moving up highly identical with the thickness of described shape layer;

Step 2060-4022, printing and synchronous temperature control: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 2060-3, wheel shaft 3-1 is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, and in wheel shaft 3-1 rotary course, described in move horizontally controller 24 and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; On described plasma generator horizontal plane more synchronous with described pay-off in moving process, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to a current printed upper described shape layer outer surface on; After wheel shaft 3-1 rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, in described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, detected in real time by the hull-skin temperature of temperature detecting unit 9 to a current printed upper described shape layer and institute's detected temperatures synchronizing information is sent to and print distance adjustment controller 10, by distance detecting unit 8 distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 detected in real time simultaneously and detected range information synchronous driving is extremely printed distance adjustment controller 10; The temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller 10 detects according to the temperature detecting unit 9 and distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 being regulated by controlling described printing distance adjusting means, the hull-skin temperature making a current printed upper described shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of material fusing point of described printed material (i.e. wheel face surface layer 3-3 material therefor);

Plasma generator described in step 2060-401 and step 2060-4022 is synchronous with described pay-off when moving in the horizontal plane, and described plasma generator central axis along wheel shaft 3-1 synchronous with described pay-off moves;

In the present embodiment, when described pay-off is described wire feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 2060-401 and step 2060-4022, processed silk material 2 is sent by described wire feeder continuously, the melting end of beam-plasma to processed silk material 2 simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of described melting end fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream; Described liquid flow point is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed; Further, the plasma beam of described interior band fused solution stream moves along the central axis of described beam-plasma under the effect of described working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas);

Step 2060-4023, plasma generator move reset: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller 10, described plasma generator in the vertical direction is driven to move up and down, until the basis being current institute printing shaping layer in step 2060-4021 by the Height Adjustment of described plasma generator prints height;

Step 2060-403, repeatedly repetition step 2060-402, until complete the print procedure of all shape layers of wheel face surface layer 3-3.

In the present embodiment, described wheel face surface layer 3-3 is cylindrical shape, and in step 2060-1, a multiple described point layer cross section is the face of cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the module of hierarchy slicing described in step 2060-1 is hierarchy slicing software.Described hierarchy slicing software is that 3D prints the conventional batch Slice Software adopted, as Cura, Xbuilder, Makerbot etc.

In the present embodiment, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off of plasma generator described in step 2060-401 and step 2060-4022, described plasma generator central axis along wheel shaft 3-1 synchronous with described pay-off moves left and right.And, in step 2060-401 and step 2060-4022, drive wheel shaft 3-1 when its central axis rotates by Rotation Controllers 15 level of control rotating mechanism 4, described wheel shaft 3-1 is rotated for m time to rear point by elder generation, be rotated in place rear described wheel shaft 3-1 each time all to stop the rotation, move horizontally controller 24 afterwards and described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives described plasma generator once to move to the left or to the right along the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1.Wherein, plasma generator described in the quantity of m and the printing path of current institute printing shaping layer carries out identical with the total degree moved right left along the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1.

The system of processing of plasma beam described in step 2060-401 by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band fused solution stream to the outer surface of wheel hub 3-4 time, the fused solution stream of interior band synchronously flow on the outer surface of wheel hub 3-4.The system of processing of plasma beam described in step 2060-4022 by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band fused solution stream to a current printed upper described shape layer outer surface on time, the fused solution stream of interior band synchronously flow on the outer surface of a current printed upper described shape layer.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel face surface layer 3-3 in step 2060-1, according to the three-dimensional stereo model of the train wheel finished product (i.e. certified products) of described train wheel to be repaired, obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel face surface layer 3-3.

And, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel face surface layer 3-3 in step 20611, according to the three-dimensional stereo model of the three-dimensional stereo model of described train wheel to be repaired with the train wheel finished product (i.e. certified products) of this train wheel to be repaired, obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of eroded area on wheel face surface layer 3-3.

In the present embodiment, when successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 20614, process is as follows: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20613, the wheel hub 3-4 of described train wheel to be repaired successively prints the eroded area of wheel face surface layer 3-3 from the inside to the outside, obtains by the eroded area repair structure of multiple shape layer wheel face surface layer 3-3 stacking from the inside to the outside; Shape layer described herein is the shape layer in described eroded area repair structure, the quantity of described shape layer is identical with the quantity of described in step 20611 point of layer cross section, the installation position of multiple described shape layer is respectively with the installation position one_to_one corresponding of described point layer cross section multiple in step 20611 and its thickness is all identical, the thickness of described shape layer is identical with the distance in step 20611 described in adjacent two between point layer cross section, and in step 20613, the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section is respectively the printing path of multiple described shape layer; When the eroded area of wheel face surface layer 3-3 is printed, print according to the method described in step 2060-401 to step 2060-403.

In the present embodiment, carry out wheel face wear-out defect in step 206 when repairing, described plasma beam system of processing printed material (namely the printed material in described plasma generator sent into by described pay-off) used is the wheel face surface layer 3-3 of described train wheel to be repaired material used.

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 2060-4, data processing equipment described in step 2060-1 is first according to the material fusing point set up in advance and printing range data storehouse, and the Material Name of the wheel face surface layer 3-3 pre-entered in combination with parameter input unit, distance is printed to the basis of wheel face surface layer 3-3 and determines; Described parameter input unit connects with described data processing equipment;

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 2060-401, described printing distance adjustment controller 10 is D+r according to the range information detected apart from detecting unit 8 and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by the distance adjustment between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, wherein r is the radius of wheel hub 3-4, and the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 is the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1; In step 2060-401 in bottom print procedure, the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 is D+r;

Carry out in step 2060-4022 printing and before synchronous temperature control, described printing distance adjustment controller 10 is according to the range information detected apart from detecting unit 8 and in conjunction with the current number of plies n having printed described shape layer, and be D+r+n × d by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by the distance adjustment between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, wherein d is the thickness of described shape layer; When the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 being regulated in step 4022, the temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller 10 detects according to temperature detecting unit 9 range information that Binding distance detecting unit 8 detects regulate the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, between 0.1 times ~ 0.6 times that makes the hull-skin temperature of a current printed upper described shape layer control material fusing point at described printed material; Further, when regulating the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm ~ 60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is less.

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 2060-4, data processing equipment described in step 2060-1 first according to the gas set up in advance and powder mass flow database, is determined the base gas flow of air supply pipe 5 and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder;

In the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 2060-401 and step 2060-4022, described speed detection unit 18 detects the wire feed rate of described wire feeder and in real time by institute's Detection Information synchronous driving to wire feed rate controller 20, described wire feed rate controller 20 is according to the wire feed rate of predetermined described wire feeder and control wire feed driving mechanism 14 in conjunction with speed detection unit 18 Detection Information, makes the wire feed rate of described wire feeder all identical with predetermined wire feed rate;

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 2060-401, described gas flow controller 12 is according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Detection Information and by control flow check adjustable valve 25, the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is adjusted to described base gas flow; In step 202-401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of described air supply pipe 5 is described base gas flow;

Carry out in step 2060-4022 printing and in synchronous temperature control process, described gas flow controller 12 according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Detection Information and Binding distance detecting unit 8 detecting distance information, and carries out increase and decrease adjustment by the gas flow of control flow check adjustable valve 25 pairs of air supply pipes 5; Further, the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft 3-1 is larger, and the gas flow of described air supply pipe 5 is larger.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining three-dimensional stereo model, utilize the three-dimensional graphics software such as pro/e, UG, CATIA to design three-dimensional stereo model (i.e. three-dimensional entity model), or utilize reverse engineering to solve three-dimensional stereo model; By described hierarchy slicing module, hierarchy slicing is carried out to this three-dimensional stereo model again, and obtain the outline data in each cross section, generated by outline data and fill scanning pattern, the printing path (i.e. the printing path of each point of layer cross section) of corresponding acquisition described plasma beam system of processing.Thus, the method adopted in step 2060-1 and step 2060-2, method that is shaping with conventional laser selective melting or the shaping employing of electron beam selective melting is identical.Afterwards, carry out in the horizontal plane in X-direction motion process according to obtained printing path, described plasma beam system of processing is by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to wheel hub 3-4 or on the outer surface of a current printed upper described shape layer; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of a shape layer; Then, carry out the printing of next shape layer, so successively print, thus complete the print procedure of wheel face surface layer 3-3.

In the present embodiment, adopt described plasma beam system of processing in step 2022, when carrying out plasma 3D printing to region to be filled described in step 2021, process is as follows:

Step D1, bottom print: described in move horizontally the printing path of controller 24 according to the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step C, described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing is by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to described region to be filled; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer in described region to be filled;

Step D2, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step D21, horizontal support mechanism move down: once moved down by horizontal support mechanism 16 in the vertical direction and move down highly identical with the thickness of described shape layer in described region to be filled;

Step D22, printing and synchronous temperature control: described in move horizontally the printing path of controller 24 according to the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step C, described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to the described shape layer of the current printed next one upper surface on; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, in described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, by temperature detecting unit 9 the upper surface temperature of the described shape layer of the current printed next one in described region to be filled detected in real time and institute's detected temperatures synchronizing information is sent to and print distance adjustment controller 10, by distance detecting unit 8 distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16 detected in real time simultaneously and detected range information synchronous driving is extremely printed distance adjustment controller 10; The temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller 10 detects according to the temperature detecting unit 9 and distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16 being regulated by controlling described printing distance adjusting means, the upper surface temperature making the described shape layer of the current printed next one is not higher than 0.6 times of material fusing point of described printed material;

Plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22 is synchronous with described pay-off when moving in the horizontal plane, and described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off all to be moved along the central axis of wheel shaft 3-1;

In the present embodiment, described pay-off is described wire feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22, processed silk material 2 is sent by described wire feeder continuously, the melting end of beam-plasma to processed silk material 2 simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of described melting end fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream; Described liquid flow point is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed;

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the bottom to top in step D, first the degree of depth in described region to be filled is judged, judge whether described sections bottom to be filled enters the wheel hub 3-4 of described train wheel to be repaired, when described sections bottom to be filled enters the wheel hub 3-4 of described train wheel to be repaired, in step D from the bottom to top successively in print procedure, when the region of meta in described wheel hub 3-4, described region to be filled is printed, described plasma beam system of processing printed material (namely powder feeder 2 sends into the printed material in described plasma generator) used is the wheel hub 3-4 of described train wheel to be repaired material used, when printing the region of described region to be filled meta in described wheel face surface layer 3-3, described plasma beam system of processing printed material (namely the printed material in described plasma generator sent into by described pay-off) used is the wheel face surface layer 3-3 of described train wheel to be repaired material used.Thus, need change by the printed material used to described plasma beam system of processing.

Carry out from the bottom to top successively in print procedure in step D, print at twice, wherein first time prints the region of meta in wheel hub 3-4, described region to be filled, and second time prints the region of meta in wheel face surface layer 3-3, described region to be filled.Further, when printing in first time and second time, all successively print from the bottom to top.

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the bottom to top in step D, data processing equipment described in steps A is first according to the material fusing point set up in advance and printing range data storehouse, and the Material Name of the described printed material (material that the wheel hub 3-4 of described train wheel to be repaired or wheel face surface layer 3-3 is used) pre-entered in combination with parameter input unit, distance is printed to the basis of this printed material and determines; Described parameter input unit connects with described data processing equipment;

Before carrying out bottom printing in step D1, described printing distance adjustment controller 10 is that described basis prints distance by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by the distance adjustment between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16; In step D1 in bottom print procedure, the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16 is that described basis prints distance;

Carry out in step D22 printing and before synchronous temperature control, the distance adjustment between the upper surface of the described shape layer of the current printed next one in the outlet of described shower nozzle and described region to be filled is that described basis prints distance by the described printing distance adjusting means of control by described printing distance adjustment controller 10, when the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16 being regulated in step D22, also need to be detected in real time by the upper surface temperature of temperature-detecting device to the described shape layer of the current printed next one, the temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller 10 detects according to described temperature-detecting device regulates the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16, between 0.1 times ~ 0.6 times that makes the upper surface temperature of the described shape layer of the current printed next one in described region to be filled control material fusing point at described printed material, further, when regulating the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm ~ 60mm, and the material fusing point of described printed material is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is less.

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the bottom to top in step D, data processing equipment described in steps A is first according to the gas set up in advance and powder mass flow database, and combine the thickness of shape layer described in the region described to be filled that presets, the base gas flow of air supply pipe 5 and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 6 are determined;

In plasma generator moving process described in step D1 and step D22, the powder feeding flow of described powder mass flow detecting unit 18 pairs of powder feeding pipe 6 detects and in real time by institute's Detection Information synchronous driving to powder feeding flow controller 20, described powder feeding flow controller 20 according to the powder feeding flow of predetermined powder feeding pipe 6 and combining powder flow detection unit 18 Detection Information drive motors 19 is controlled, make the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 6 all identical with predetermined powder feeding flow;

Before carrying out bottom printing in step D1, described gas flow controller 12 is according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Detection Information and by control flow check adjustable valve 25, the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is adjusted to described base gas flow; In step D1 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of described air supply pipe 5 is described base gas flow;

Carry out in step D22 printing and in synchronous temperature control process, described gas flow controller 12 according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Detection Information and Binding distance detecting unit 8 detecting distance information, and carries out increase and decrease adjustment by the gas flow of control flow check adjustable valve 25 pairs of air supply pipes 5; Further, the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism 16 is larger, and the gas flow of described air supply pipe 5 is larger.

Embodiment 2

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, manufacturing equipment is as different from Example 1 again for the train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping adopted: described spout 13-5 lays in coaxial with powder flow paths 14.

Like this, after being changed by the direction of spout 13-5 to described beam-plasma, effectively can reduce the thermic load impact that plasma jet antianode nozzle 13-2 produces, improve anode ablation situation.Meanwhile, because spout 13-5 and powder flow paths 14 lay in coaxial, thus can not affect the acceleration of powder, heating and fusion process, result of use is very good.

In the present embodiment, adopt train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping the remainder structure of manufacturing equipment, annexation be all identical with embodiment 1 with operation principle again.

In the present embodiment, the train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping reproducing method adopted is identical with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 3

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, manufacturing equipment is as different from Example 1 again for the train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping adopted: described pay-off is described dust feeder.

In the present embodiment, described dust feeder comprises powder feeder 29-1 and powder-feeding mouth 29-2, and the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth 6; Described powder feeder 29-1 comprises and has the shell that charging aperture and powder feeding export and the powder feeding wheel be arranged in described shell, and described powder feeding wheel is driven by powder feeding drive motors; Described powder feeding outlet is connected with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth 29-2.Described printed material is powder, to the shape of powder without particular/special requirement.

In the present embodiment, described powder feeding drive motors is direct current generator.In actual use procedure, by changing the rotating speed of described direct current generator, easy, rapid adjustment is carried out to the powder feeding flow of described dust feeder.

During actual installation, described powder feeder 29-1 is arranged on Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, and described powder-feeding mouth 29-2 is arranged on powder feeder 29-1.

In the present embodiment, in described monitoring system, there is no speed detection unit 18 and wire feed rate controller 20.Correspondingly, described monitoring system also comprises carries out the powder mass flow detecting unit detected in real time and the powder feeding flow controller controlled powder feeding drive motors to the powder feeding flow of described dust feeder, and described powder mass flow detecting unit is connected with described powder feeding flow controller.Wherein, described powder mass flow detecting unit is laid in powder-feeding mouth 29-2.

In the present embodiment, the train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping reproducing method adopted is as different from Example 1: in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described dust feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, described dust feeder sends printed material continuously, the beam-plasma simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted sent printed material, and makes the molten melt drop of sent printed material fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream; Described liquid flow point is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed;

In the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described dust feeder of plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22, described dust feeder sends printed material continuously, the beam-plasma simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted sent printed material, and makes the molten melt drop of sent printed material fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream; Described liquid flow point is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed;

In the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described dust feeder of plasma generator described in step 2060-401 and step 2060-4022, described dust feeder sends printed material continuously, the beam-plasma simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted sent printed material, and makes the molten melt drop of sent printed material fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream; Described liquid flow point is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of band fused solution stream in being formed.

In actual use procedure, described dust feeder is synchronous powder feeding system device, the powder that described dust feeder is sent is sent in described plasma generator under the effect of described working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas), and the powder sent in described beam-plasma accelerates, heats and be molten into fused solution stream.Further, described fused solution stream moves along the central axis of described beam-plasma under the effect of described working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas).Thus, in actual use procedure, by changing the flow of described working gas, also can the powder sending quantity sent in beam-plasma be adjusted accordingly.

In the present embodiment, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described dust feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, the powder feeding flow of described dust feeder is 2g/min ~ 200g/min;

Before successively printing from the inside to the outside in step 202-4, distance between the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder and print job face is adjusted to the powder feeding height preset, described powder feeding is highly 5mm ~ 1000mm, the plane of described print job face residing for current institute's printing shaping layer top; In step 202-4 from the inside to the outside successively in print procedure, the powder feeding open height of described dust feeder is constant.Distance between the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder and described print job face is powder feeding height.

Distance between the powder feeding mouth of dust feeder described in step 202-401 and horizontal support mechanism 16 is powder feeding height, and the distance between the powder feeding mouth of dust feeder described in step 202-4022 and the described shape layer upper surface of the current printed next one is powder feeding height.

In the present embodiment, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described dust feeder of plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22, the powder feeding flow of described dust feeder is 2g/min ~ 200g/min; Distance between the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder and print job face is 5mm ~ 1000mm.Wherein, the plane of print job face residing for current institute printing shaping layer, the distance between the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder and described print job face is powder feeding height.

In the present embodiment, before successively printing from the bottom to top in step D, the distance between the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder and described print job face is adjusted to the powder feeding height preset, described powder feeding is highly 5mm ~ 1000mm; In step D from the bottom to top successively in print procedure, the powder feeding open height of described dust feeder is constant.

Distance between the powder feeding mouth of dust feeder described in step D1 and described region to be filled inside bottom is powder feeding height, and the distance between the powder feeding mouth of dust feeder described in step D22 and the described shape layer upper surface of the current printed next one is powder feeding height.

In the present embodiment, adopt all the other steps of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping reproducing method identical with embodiment 1 with technological parameter.

The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every above embodiment is done according to the technology of the present invention essence any simple modification, change and equivalent structure change, all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. a train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again, is characterized in that: by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing, train wheel to be repaired carried out to mach machining set-up (27), drive three axle travel mechanisms (28) of machining set-up (27) movement and form for the horizontal stamp pad that train wheel to be repaired is placed; Described horizontal stamp pad comprises horizontal support mechanism (16) and is fixedly mounted on horizontal support mechanism (16) upper and drive described train wheel to be repaired to carry out the horizontal rotary mechanism (4) rotated around the central axis of its wheel shaft (3-1), described horizontal rotary mechanism (4) is positioned at horizontal support mechanism (16) top, and described wheel shaft (3-1) is laid in level and it is installed on horizontal rotary mechanism (4); Described machining set-up (27) is arranged on that three axle travel mechanisms (28) are upper and it is positioned at horizontal rotary mechanism (4) top;

Described plasma beam system of processing by shower nozzle is installed and for generation of the plasma generator of beam-plasma, to provide the feeder of working gas (1) for described plasma generator, for sending the pay-off of printed material continuously and forming the print position adjusting device that print position adjusts, described plasma generator and described pay-off are all positioned at horizontal rotary mechanism (4) top, and described pay-off is positioned at described plasma generator side; Described feeder (1) is connected with the air inlet that described plasma generator is opened by air supply pipe (5); Described print position adjusting device comprise drive described plasma generator synchronous with described pay-off carry out movement in the horizontal plane horizontally moving device and drive described plasma generator, described pay-off and described horizontally moving device synchronizing moving also the distance tackled mutually between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft (3-1) carry out the printing distance adjusting means that regulates, described plasma generator and described pay-off are installed on described horizontally moving device, and described horizontally moving device is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means;

Described pay-off is wire feeder for sending processed silk material (2) continuously or the dust feeder for sending into printed material in the continuous described beam-plasma produced to described plasma generator; When described pay-off is described wire feeder, the outer end of described processed silk material (2) is melting end, below the outlet that described melting end is positioned at described shower nozzle and it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma; When described pay-off is described dust feeder, below the outlet that the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is positioned at described shower nozzle and it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma;

Described monitoring system comprise described horizontally moving device is controlled move horizontally controller (24), the Working position place temperature of described plasma beam system of processing on described train wheel to be repaired is carried out to the temperature detecting unit (9) detected in real time, distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft (3-1) or horizontal support mechanism (16) is carried out to the distance detecting unit (8) detected in real time, to the printing distance adjustment controller (10) that described printing distance adjusting means controls, the rotation angle detecting unit (26) detected in real time and the Rotation Controllers (15) controlled horizontal rotary mechanism (4) are carried out to the anglec of rotation of the wheel shaft (3-1) of described train wheel to be repaired, the described controller (24) that moves horizontally is connected with described horizontally moving device, described printing distance adjustment controller (10) is connected with described printing distance adjusting means, described distance detecting unit (8) is all connected with printing distance adjustment controller (10) with temperature detecting unit (9), described temperature detecting unit (9) forms temperature control device with printing distance adjustment controller (10), described rotation angle detecting unit (26) is connected with Rotation Controllers (15).

2. according to a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping according to claim 1 manufacturing equipment again, it is characterized in that: described train wheel to be repaired is the train wheel that there is wheel wear defect and/or wheel planar defect; Described wheel wear defect is that the wheel rim (3-2) of described train wheel to be repaired exists wearing and tearing; Described planar defect of taking turns is wheel face local defect and/or wheel face wear-out defect, described wheel face local defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there is damaged or cracking, described wheel face wear-out defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there are wearing and tearing; The top of described horizontal rotary mechanism (4) is provided with the ultrasonic detection device or three-dimensional laser scanner that detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists.

3. according to a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described plasma generator comprises plasma gun (13), described shower nozzle is the anode nozzle (13-2) of plasma gun (13) front end; Described plasma gun (13) comprise have described air inlet rifle body (13-1), be positioned at the anode nozzle (13-2) in rifle body (13-1) dead ahead and be plugged in the negative electrode (13-3) of rifle body (13-1), described anode nozzle (13-2) is positioned at negative electrode (13-3) front side, described arc chamber (13-4) is positioned at negative electrode (13-3) front side and it is positioned at the posterior medial of anode nozzle (13-2), and the front inner of described anode nozzle (13-2) is spout (13-5); Described anode nozzle (13-2), negative electrode (13-3) and arc chamber (13-4) are all laid in coaxial with rifle body (13-1); Described air inlet is positioned at rifle body (13-1) rear side, described spout (13-5) and rifle body (13-1) be coaxial lay or and the central axis of rifle body (13-1) between angle be 30 ° ~ 45 °;

Described monitoring system also comprises the plasma generator controller (7), the detection of gas flow rate unit (11) gas flow of air supply pipe (5) being carried out to detection in real time and the gas flow controller (12) controlled the upper flow control valve (25) installed of air supply pipe (5) that control described plasma generator, described plasma generator controller (7) is connected with described plasma generator, and described detection of gas flow rate unit (11) is connected with gas flow controller (12).

4. according to a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described wire feeder comprises top and is wound with the wire tray (6) of processed silk material (2), the wire feeder carried processed silk material (2) and the wire feed driving mechanism (14) driven described wire feeder, and described wire feeder is positioned at wire tray (6) inner side and is connected with described wire feeder; Described wire tray (6) to be coaxially arranged in rotating shaft and can to rotate around described rotating shaft;

Described dust feeder comprises powder feeder (2) and powder-feeding mouth (6), and the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth (6); Described powder feeder (2) comprises and has the shell that charging aperture and powder feeding export and the powder feeding wheel be arranged in described shell, and described powder feeding wheel is driven by drive motors (14); Described powder feeding outlet is connected with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth (6).

5. according to a kind of train wheel plasma 3D rapid shaping manufacturing equipment again described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described horizontal rotary mechanism (4) comprises the rotary drive mechanisms (4-2) that two, left and right is all fixedly mounted on the rotary support seat (4-1) in horizontal support mechanism (16) and drives wheel shaft (3-1) to carry out rotating, the two ends of described wheel shaft (3-1) are arranged on two described rotary support seats (4-1) respectively and go up and be all connected by bearing between its two ends with two described rotary support seats (4-1); Described rotary drive mechanism (4-2) for electronic rotation driving mechanism and itself and wheel shaft (3-1) be in transmission connection, described rotary drive mechanism (4-2) is undertaken controlling by Rotation Controllers (27) and it is connected with horizontal rotary mechanism (4);

The mobile platform that described horizontal support mechanism (16) maybe can move up and down for fixed supporting construction.

6. utilize as claimed in claim 1 again manufacturing equipment to carry out to train wheel to be repaired the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Described train wheel to be repaired is the train wheel that there is wheel wear defect and/or wheel planar defect; Described wheel wear defect is that the wheel rim (3-2) of described train wheel to be repaired exists wearing and tearing; Described planar defect of taking turns is wheel face local defect and/or wheel face wear-out defect, described wheel face local defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there is damaged or cracking, described wheel face wear-out defect be described train wheel to be repaired wheel face on there are wearing and tearing;

Step 202, wheel wear defect repair: according to the train wheel defects detection result in step one, adopt described plasma beam system of processing, the eroded area of the wheel rim (3-2) of described train wheel to be repaired is repaired, completes the wheel rim manufacture process again of described train wheel to be repaired;

Step 2041, rejected region are removed: first controlled horizontal rotary mechanism (4) by Rotation Controllers (15), and drive described train wheel to be repaired to rotate around the central axis of its wheel shaft (3-1), until current repaired wheel face local defect present position is rotated above the central axis of wheel shaft (3-1); Adopt described machining set-up (27) to remove region residing for wheel face local defect current repaired on described train wheel to be repaired again, obtain the to be filled region corresponding with current repaired wheel face local defect;

7. according to according to claim 6, the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again is carried out to train wheel to be repaired, it is characterized in that: when carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, wheel shaft (3-1) is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers (15) level of control rotating mechanism (4), and in wheel shaft (3-1) rotary course, the ultrasonic detection device adopting horizontal rotary mechanism (4) top to arrange or three-dimensional laser scanner detect the defect that described train wheel to be repaired exists;

After completing train wheel reparation in step 2, obtain train wheel after repairing; Afterwards, wheel shaft (3-1) is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers (15) level of control rotating mechanism (4), and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt machining set-up (27) to carry out fine finishining to train wheel after described reparation.

8. according to carrying out to train wheel to be repaired the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: in step 2022, adopt described plasma beam system of processing, when carrying out plasma 3D printing to region to be filled described in step 2021, process is as follows:

Step D1, bottom print: described in move horizontally the printing path of controller (24) according to the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step C, described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing is by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to described region to be filled; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer in described region to be filled;

Step D2, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step D21, horizontal support mechanism move down: once moved down by horizontal support mechanism (16) in the vertical direction and move down highly identical with the thickness of described shape layer in described region to be filled;

Step D22, printing and synchronous temperature control: described in move horizontally the printing path of controller (24) according to the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step C, described horizontally moving device is controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to the described shape layer of the current printed next one upper surface on; After sprayed molten melt drop all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, in described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, by temperature detecting unit (9) the upper surface temperature of the described shape layer of the current printed next one in described region to be filled detected in real time and institute's detected temperatures synchronizing information is sent to and print distance adjustment controller (10), by distance detecting unit (8) distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism (16) to be detected in real time and by detected range information synchronous driving to printing distance adjustment controller (10) simultaneously, the temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller (10) is detected according to temperature detecting unit (9) and the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal support mechanism (16) being regulated by controlling described printing distance adjusting means, the upper surface temperature making the described shape layer of the current printed next one is not higher than 0.6 times of material fusing point of described printed material,

Plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22 is synchronous with described pay-off when moving in the horizontal plane, and described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off all to be moved along the central axis of wheel shaft (3-1);

When described pay-off is described wire feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step D1 and step D22, processed silk material (2) is sent by described wire feeder continuously, the melting end of beam-plasma to processed silk material (2) simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of described melting end fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream;

9. according to carrying out to train wheel to be repaired the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: described train wheel to be repaired comprises middle part and has axis hole and be arranged on the wheel hub (3-4) on wheel shaft (3-1), described wheel rim (3-2) is laid in wheel hub (3-2) and it is positioned at wheel hub (3-2) inner side;

When carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, when detect there is wheel wear defect in described train wheel to be repaired time, also need the degree of wear of the wheel rim (3-2) to described train wheel to be repaired to judge: when the degree of wear judging wheel rim (3-2) is part wears, after adopting direct repairing method or removal in step 202, repairing method carries out wheel wear defect repair again; When judging the degree of wear of wheel rim (3-2) for all wearing and tearing, when carrying out wheel wear defect repair in step 202, process is as follows:

Step 202-1, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that image processing module obtains wheel rim (3-2), call the three-dimensional stereo model of hierarchy slicing module to wheel rim (3-2) again and carry out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of wheel rim (3-2), and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 202-4, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 202-3, wheel hub (3-4) successively prints wheel rim (3-2) from the inside to the outside, obtains by multiple shape layer wheel rim (3-2) stacking from the inside to the outside; The quantity of described shape layer is identical with the quantity of described in step 202-1 point of layer cross section, the installation position of multiple described shape layer is respectively with the installation position one_to_one corresponding of multiple described point layer cross section and its thickness is all identical, the thickness of described shape layer is identical with the distance between described in adjacent two points of layer cross sections, and in step 202-3, the printing path of multiple described point layer cross section is respectively the printing path of multiple described shape layer; When printing wheel rim (3-2), process is as follows:

Step 202-401, bottom print: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 202-3, wheel shaft (3-1) is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers (15) level of control rotating mechanism (4), and in wheel shaft (3-1) rotary course, described in move horizontally controller (24) and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop on the outer surface of wheel hub (3-4); After wheel shaft (3-1) rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

Step 202-402, lower one deck print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 202-4021, plasma generator moving: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller (10), driving described plasma generator in the vertical direction once to move up and moving up highly identical with the thickness of described shape layer;

Step 202-4022, printing and synchronous temperature control: according to the printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer obtained in step 202-3, wheel shaft (3-1) is driven to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers (15) level of control rotating mechanism (4), and in wheel shaft (3-1) rotary course, described in move horizontally controller (24) and described horizontally moving device controlled and drives that described plasma generator is synchronous with described pay-off to be moved in the horizontal plane; In described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, described plasma beam system of processing by the plasma beam continuous spraying of interior band molten melt drop to a current printed upper described shape layer outer surface on; After wheel shaft (3-1) rotates a circle and described plasma beam molten melt drop that system of processing is sprayed all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer;

In this step, in described plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described pay-off, detected in real time by the hull-skin temperature of temperature detecting unit (9) to a current printed upper described shape layer and institute's detected temperatures synchronizing information is sent to and print distance adjustment controller (10), by distance detecting unit (8) distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft (3-1) detected in real time simultaneously and detected range information synchronous driving is extremely printed distance adjustment controller (10); The temperature information that described printing distance adjustment controller (10) is detected according to temperature detecting unit (9) and the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and wheel shaft (3-1) being regulated by controlling described printing distance adjusting means, the hull-skin temperature making a current printed upper described shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of material fusing point of described printed material;

Plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022 is synchronous with described pay-off when moving in the horizontal plane, and described plasma generator central axis along wheel shaft (3-1) synchronous with described pay-off moves;

When described pay-off is described wire feeder, in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with described wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 202-401 and step 202-4022, processed silk material (2) is sent by described wire feeder continuously, the melting end of beam-plasma to processed silk material (2) simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of described melting end fusing formation continuously and form liquid stream;

Step 202-4023, plasma generator move reset: control described printing distance adjusting means by printing distance adjustment controller (10), described plasma generator in the vertical direction is driven to move up and down, until the basis being current institute printing shaping layer in step 202-4021 by the Height Adjustment of described plasma generator prints height;

Step 202-403, repeatedly repetition step 202-402, until complete the print procedure of wheel rim (3-2) all shape layers;

Step 20211, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt described data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that described image processing module obtains the upper eroded area of wheel rim (3-2), call the three-dimensional stereo model of hierarchy slicing module to the upper eroded area of wheel rim (3-2) again and carry out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of the upper eroded area of wheel rim (3-2), and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 20214, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20213, and according to the method described in step 202-4, successively the eroded area on wheel rim (3-2) is printed from the inside to the outside;

Step 20221, wheel rim are removed: drive wheel shaft (3-1) to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers (15) level of control rotating mechanism (4), and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt machining set-up (27) wheel rim (3-2) to described train wheel to be repaired to remove;

Step 20222, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, described in step 20221 train wheel to be repaired wheel hub (3-4) on print wheel rim (3-2).

10. according to according to claim 9, the method that plasma 3D rapid shaping manufactures again is carried out to train wheel to be repaired, it is characterized in that: the outside of described wheel hub (3-4) is along the circumferential direction laid with one deck wheel face surface layer (3-3), the wheel face of described train wheel to be repaired is the outer surface of wheel face surface layer (3-3); When carrying out train wheel defects detection in step one, when detect there is wheel face wear-out defect in described train wheel to be repaired time, also need the degree of wear of the wheel face surface layer (3-3) to described train wheel to be repaired to judge: when the degree of wear judging wheel face surface layer (3-3) is part wears, after adopting direct repairing method or removal in step 206, repairing method carries out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect again; When judging the degree of wear of wheel face surface layer (3-3) for all wearing and tearing, when carrying out the reparation of wheel face wear-out defect in step 206, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, at the wheel hub (3-4) upper printing wheel face surface layer (3-3) of described train wheel to be repaired;

Step 20611, three-dimensional stereo model obtain and hierarchy slicing process: adopt described data processing equipment and call the three-dimensional stereo model that described image processing module obtains the upper eroded area of wheel face surface layer (3-3), call the three-dimensional stereo model of hierarchy slicing module to the upper eroded area of wheel face surface layer (3-3) again and carry out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional image;

Multiple described layering cross-sectional image is the image obtaining multiple points of layer cross sections after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of the upper eroded area of wheel face surface layer (3-3), and a multiple described point layer cross section is evenly laid from the inside to the outside;

Step 20614, from the inside to the outside successively printing: according to the printing path of the multiple described point layer cross section obtained in step 20613, and according to the method described in step 202-4, successively the eroded area on wheel face surface layer (3-3) is printed from the inside to the outside;

Step 20621, wheel face surface layer are removed: drive wheel shaft (3-1) to rotate around its central axis by Rotation Controllers (15) level of control rotating mechanism (4), and in described train wheel rotary course to be repaired, adopt machining set-up (27) the wheel face surface layer (3-3) to described train wheel to be repaired to remove;

Step 20622, according to the method described in step 202-1 to step 202-4, described in step 20621, the wheel hub (3-4) of train wheel to be repaired is upper prints wheel face surface layer (3-3).