CN105922571B - A kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments and forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments and forming method, the equipment is by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and the horizontal stamp pad of workpiece to be formed placement is supplied to form；Plasma beam system of processing is formed by plasma generator, feeder, for continuously sending out the wire feeder of processed silk material and print position adjusting apparatus；Monitoring system includes position adjustment controller, temperature detecting unit, distance detection unit and printing apart from adjusting control device, and temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing apart from adjusting control device；The method comprising the steps of：First, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing is handled；2nd, scan path is filled；3rd, printing path obtains；4th, it successively prints from the bottom to top.Reasonable design of the present invention, easy to operate and shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, without closed molding room, and does not need to protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, and workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

Description

A kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments and forming method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique field, more particularly, to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments and molding side Method.

Background technology

At present, domestic and international metal parts rapid shaping technique is mainly precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology (Selective laser melting, SLM).Such as United States Patent (USP) " the PROCESS AND of Patent No. US7047098 One is described in detail in DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A SHAPED BODY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING " Kind manufactures the precinct laser fusion manufacturing process and its equipment of fine and close part using three-dimensional digital model.Publication No. CN The Chinese invention patent " the directly precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of manufacture heavy parts " of 102266942A discloses one Kind directly manufactures the precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of large compact part, which mainly includes laser array, light Learn systems array, moulding cylinder, the three-dimensional heat stepwise insulation construction of moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder weight balancing system, substrate leveling dress Put, double recovery tanks, double storage powder casees, double quantitative powder feedings and powder discharging device, power spreading device, protective atmosphere cover, gas purge system, control System processed.A kind of Chinese invention patent " Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method of Publication No. CN1603031A And its device " a kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and its device are disclosed, which includes semiconductor LD pumped YAG lasers or optical fiber laser, light beam focusing system, molded part cylinder and powder cylinder, semiconductor pumped YAG laser or Optical fiber laser is connected with light beam focusing system, and focuses on scanning in molded part cylinder, and molded part cylinder passes through powdering idler wheel and powder Last cylinder is connected, and powdering idler wheel is connected with driving motor, and driving motor is connected with computer.Publication No. CN103071795A Chinese invention patent " mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM formers " disclose a kind of mobile galvanometer selective laser SLM formers are melted, which is included through communication line with the X-axis linear motor and longitudinal rail for carrying cross slide way group The digital control system that the Y-axis linear motor of group is connected, X-axis linear motor and Y-axis linear motor constitute turntable driving structure, should Turntable driving structure is drivingly connected with laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group, and laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group bottom is caught in galvanometer unit, is shaking Forming work package is provided with below mirror unit, inert gas gas curtain is provided between forming work package and galvanometer unit.

The basic functional principle of precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment is：First on computers using Pro/e, UG, The 3D sculpting softwares such as CATIA design the three-dimensional entity model (i.e. three-dimensional stereo model) of part, then pass through Slice Software Hierarchy slicing is carried out to the threedimensional model, obtains the outline data in each section, filling scan path is generated by outline data, in work Make the certain thickness powder of tiling in cylinder, according to the control of computer, laser beam is by way of vibration mirror scanning according to three-dimensional zero The slicing treatment result of component figure selectively melts fore-put powder layer；Then, working cylinder declines certain distance and spreads again Powder, laser beam complete one layer under parts of manufacture under the drive of galvanometer again according to the 3-D graphic of parts；So weight The processes such as multiple powdering, scanning and working cylinder decline, so as to fulfill the manufacture of three-dimensional parts.

Nowadays, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology is primarily present following three aspects problem：

Firstth, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, to avoid in forming process The oxidation of metal parts.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding device structure complicated, and forming part size is restricted, energy Source laser device system price is high, and former is expensive.

Secondth, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs the moulding cylinder system of powdering.This makes precinct laser fusion fast Rapid-result type device structure is complicated, and not only forming part size is restricted, and shaping efficiency is relatively low.

Third, in order to ensure part mechanical property, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs the spherical shape of good fluidity Metal powder.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost very high.

In addition, Chinese invention patent " laser cladding forming equipment and a kind of metal zero of Publication No. CN101885063A The laser cladding forming method of part " discloses a kind of quick molding method and its equipment of laser melting coating silk material, and the equipment is main Workbench, laser device, wire feeder and control system including three-dimensional motion.Wherein, wire feeder includes pinching roller Right, the driving wheel for pinching roller pair is connect with stepper motor, and wire feed direction is controlled by a three-dimensional regulation device.Control system packet Multi-axis motion control card is included, multi-axis motion control card is connect respectively with stepper motor, table drive motor and laser aid.Into Type method includes modeling, instruction conversion, slice forming and deposition modeling, by laser melting wire, forms molten drop, Molten drop accumulates cooling on the table, and forms thin slice with working table movement, and each thin slice deposits and forms three from level to level successively Tie up metal parts.

But above-mentioned laser cladding forming device and method are primarily present following three aspects problem：

Firstth, laser cannot protect molten drop, need to lead to protective gas at wire feeding mouth, and protective gas easily cools down molten drop, Molten drop is solidified and is layered molding and is had an adverse effect, causes 3-dimensional metal part mechanical property relatively low.

Secondth, laser power is low and the diameter of wire is big, it is difficult to realize the fast short-term training of ceramic composite materials part Type.

Third, due to surface tension, molten drop cooled and solidified be molded when generate rounded constrictions, lead to piece surface not only It is sliding.

Invention content

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that provide a kind of plasma 3D Rapid forming equipment, simple in structure, reasonable design and it is easy to use, shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, without closed Molding room, and protective atmosphere or vacuum environment are not needed to, workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments, It is characterized in that：By monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and the horizontal stamp pad of workpiece to be formed placement is supplied to form；

The plasma beam system of processing by be equipped with nozzle and for generate beam-plasma plasma generator, For the plasma generator provide working gas feeder, for continuously send out the wire feeder of processed silk material and The print position adjusting apparatus that print position is adjusted is formed, the plasma generator and the equal position of the wire feeder Above horizontal stamp pad, the wire feeder is located at the plasma generator side；The feeder passes through gas supply Pipe is connect with the air inlet opened on the plasma generator；The outer end of the processed silk material is melting end, described molten Change end is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located on the central axis of the beam-plasma；The print position adjustment dress Put including drive the plasma generator it is synchronous with the wire feeder carry out movement in the horizontal plane move horizontally dress Put and drive the plasma generator, the wire feeder with the horizontally moving device synchronizing moving and mutually reply described in The printing distance adjusting means that the distance between the outlet of nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are adjusted, the plasma generator It is installed on the horizontally moving device with the wire feeder, and the horizontally moving device is mounted on the printing distance In regulating device；

The monitoring system includes moving horizontally controller, to work to be formed to what the horizontally moving device was controlled Temperature detecting unit that part upper surface temperature is detected in real time, to the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad The distance detection unit that is detected in real time and the printing controlled to the printing distance adjusting means are apart from adjusting control Device, the controller that moves horizontally are connect with the horizontally moving device, and the printing is apart from adjusting control device and the printing Distance adjusting means connect, and the temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit are connect with printing apart from adjusting control device；Institute It states temperature detecting unit and forms temperature control device apart from adjusting control device with printing.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D rapid forming equipments, it is characterized in that：The monitoring system is further included to the plasma Plasma generator controller that body generator is controlled, the gas flow detected in real time to the gas flow of air supply pipe are examined Unit and the gas flow controller controlled the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe are surveyed, the plasma controls Device is connect with the plasma generator, and the detection of gas flow rate unit is connect with gas flow controller.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D rapid forming equipments, it is characterized in that：The plasma generator includes plasma gun, The nozzle is the anode nozzle of plasma gun front end；The plasma gun includes being provided with the gun body of the air inlet, positioned at rifle Anode nozzle immediately ahead of body and the cathode being plugged in gun body, the anode nozzle are located at cathode front side, the arc chamber position On front side of cathode and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle, and the front inner of the anode nozzle is spout；The anode spray Mouth, cathode and arc chamber are laid with gun body in coaxial；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body, and the spout is with gun body in coaxial It lays or the angle between gun body central axis is 30 °~45 °.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D rapid forming equipments, it is characterized in that：The wire feeder is wound with including top to be added The wire tray of work silk material, to being processed the wire feeder that is conveyed of silk material and the wire feed that the wire feeder is driven being driven Mechanism, the wire feeder are located on the inside of wire tray and are connect with the wire feeder；The wire tray be coaxially mounted in shaft and It can be rotated around the shaft.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D rapid forming equipments, it is characterized in that：The wire feeder be wire pushing roller, the wire feed Idler wheel includes driving roller group and driven roller group, and the driving roller group is driven including two by wire feed driving mechanism And the driving roller that rotation direction is opposite, the driven roller group include two rotation directions on the contrary and are respectively located to be processed silk The driven roller of material both sides, the driving roller group are located at the driven roller group side, two driving roller difference positions In processed silk material both sides；

The monitoring system further include to be processed the speed detection unit that is detected in real time of wire feed rate of silk material with To the wire feed rate controller that wire feed driving mechanism is controlled, the speed detection unit is connect with wire feed rate controller.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D rapid forming equipments, it is characterized in that：The plasma that the plasma generator generates Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of beam is not more than 45 °；The printing distance adjusting means are along the beam-plasma Central axis to the nozzle carry out up and down adjust adjusting apparatus up and down, the distance detection unit be to along the grade from The central axis of beamlet detects dress from the distance that the distance between horizontal stamp pad detected in real time that exports to of the nozzle It puts；

The horizontal stamp pad is the mobile platform that on stamp pad position regulator and can be moved up and down；

The monitoring system further includes the position controlled the stamp pad position regulator and adjusts controller, institute Rheme is put adjustment controller and is connect with the stamp pad position regulator.

Meanwhile invention additionally discloses a kind of method and step is simple, reasonable design and realize convenient, using effect it is good etc. from Sub- 3D quick molding methods, it is characterised in that：This method includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be formed is obtained with image processing module, recalls hierarchy slicing module treats shaping workpiece three It ties up three-dimensional model and carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional images；

It is multiple it is described layering cross-sectional images be treat shaping workpiece three-dimensional stereo model carry out hierarchy slicing after obtain it is more The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, in step 1 Multiple layering cross-sectional images are respectively processed, and complete the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, are obtained Obtain the scan paths in multiple layering sections；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is cut according to the multiple layerings obtained in step 2 The scan path in face obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with this The scan path for being layered section is identical；

Step 4: it successively prints from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, Shaping workpiece is successively treated from the bottom to top to be printed, and obtains the finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical with the quantity that section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring Layering the distance between the section is identical, in step 3 the printing path in multiple layering sections be respectively it is multiple it is described into The printing path of type layer；When treating shaping workpiece and being printed, process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The controller that moves horizontally is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 The printing path of layer, controls the horizontally moving device and drives the plasma generator and the wire feeder Synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；Plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder In, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad by the plasma beam system of processing；It is fusion Melt after liquid stream solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：Horizontal stamp pad is once moved down in the vertical direction and to It is identical with the thickness of the shape layer to move down dynamic height；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The controller that moves horizontally is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer, the horizontally moving device is controlled and drive the plasma generator with it is described Wire feeder synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the wire feeder in the horizontal plane In moving process, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto and has currently printed by the plasma beam system of processing On the upper surface of good next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, the printing of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Process；

In this step, in plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder, lead to Excess temperature detection unit carries out the upper surface temperature of currently printed next shape layer detection in real time and by institute Temperature information synchronous driving is detected to printing apart from adjusting control device, while passes through outlet of the distance detection unit to the nozzle The distance between horizontal stamp pad carries out detection in real time and adjusts the range information synchronous driving detected to distance is printed Controller；The printing is apart from adjusting control device according to the temperature information that temperature detecting unit is detected and by being beaten described in control The distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad is adjusted in print distance adjusting means, makes currently printed The upper surface temperature of next shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the wire feeder continuously sends out processed silk material, while generated by the plasma beam system of processing Beam-plasma melts the melting end for being processed silk material, and the melting end is caused to melt the molten melt drop to be formed continuously simultaneously Form liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma, forms the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece to be formed.

The above method, it is characterized in that：Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing described in step 1 is set The material fusing point that basis pre-establishes standby first and printing range data library, and combine and treated by what parameter input unit pre-entered The Material Name of shaping workpiece, the basis printing distance for treating shaping workpiece are determined；The parameter input unit with it is described Data processing equipment connects；

The material fusing point of various material and printing range information are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, The material fusing point and printing range information of each material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material； The basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is nearer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is examined apart from adjusting control device according to distance detection unit The range information of survey and by control it is described printing distance adjusting means will the nozzle outlet horizontal stamp pad between Distance is adjusted to the basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad The distance between for it is described basis print distance；

Before being printed in step 4022 and synchronizing temperature control, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjusting control device The range information and the number that moves down of the horizontal stamp pad of combination that member is detected move down height, and pass through control with each The distance adjusting means that print are by the outlet of the nozzle and the upper surface of current printed next shape layer The distance between be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 4022 between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad When distance is adjusted, temperature information that the printing is detected apart from adjusting control device according to temperature detecting unit and combine away from The distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are adjusted from the range information that detection unit is detected, make to work as The upper surface temperature control of preceding printed next shape layer 0.1 times of material fusing point of workpiece to be formed~ Between 0.6 times；Also, when the distance between outlet and horizontal stamp pad to the nozzle are adjusted, amplitude of accommodation 5mm ~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

The above method, it is characterized in that：The wire feeder includes top and is wound with the wire tray of processed silk material, to being processed The wire feeder and the wire feed driving mechanism being driven to the wire feeder, the wire feeder that silk material is conveyed are located at It is connect on the inside of wire tray and with the wire feeder；The wire tray is coaxially mounted in shaft and can be rotated around the shaft；

The monitoring system further includes the plasma generator controller controlled to the plasma generator, to supplying Detection of gas flow rate unit that the gas flow of tracheae is detected in real time controls the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe The gas flow controller of system, the speed detection unit that is detected in real time of wire feed rate to being processed silk material and to wire feed drive The wire feed rate controller that motivation structure is controlled, the speed detection unit are connect with wire feed rate controller, the grade from Sub- generator controller is connect with the plasma generator, and the detection of gas flow rate unit connects with gas flow controller It connects, the distance detection unit is connect with gas flow controller；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the first basis of data processing equipment described in step 1 pre-establishes Gas flow and wire feed rate database, and with reference to the thickness of the preset shape layer, to the base gas of air supply pipe The wire feed rate of flow and the wire feeder is determined；

The gas flow and wire feed rate databases contain the wire feed speed needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness Degree and base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the wire feed of the wire feeder is fast Degree is bigger, and the base gas flow is bigger；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the speed detection unit to the wire feed rate of the wire feeder detect in real time and synchronize institute's detection information Be sent to wire feed rate controller, the wire feed rate controller according to the wire feed rate of the predetermined wire feeder simultaneously Wire feed driving mechanism is controlled with reference to speed detection unit institute's detection information, make the wire feed rate of the wire feeder with Predetermined wire feed rate is identical；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller is examined according to detection of gas flow rate unit Measurement information and by controlling flow control valve that the gas flow of air supply pipe is adjusted to the base gas flow；In step 401 In bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe is the base gas flow；

It is printed and is synchronized in temperature control process in step 4022, the gas flow controller is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve to air supply pipe Gas flow is increased and decreased adjustment；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are bigger, the air supply pipe Gas flow it is bigger.

The above method, it is characterized in that：Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 and the wire feeder In synchronous moving process in the horizontal plane, the wire feed rate of the processed silk material is 0.1m/min~10m/min, described to be added A diameter of 0.02mm~10mm of work silk material；The diameter of the processed silk material is bigger, and wire feed rate is slower；And it is processed silk material Material fusing point it is higher, wire feed rate is slower；

In step 4 from the bottom to top successively print before, by between the melting end of processed silk material and horizontal stamp pad away from From preset wire feed height is adjusted to, the wire feed height is 5mm~1000mm；It is successively printed from the bottom to top in step 4 In the process, the melting end height for being processed silk material is constant.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：

1st, used plasma 3D rapid forming equipments are simple in structure, reasonable design and input cost are relatively low, processing system Make and installation is laid conveniently.

2nd, used plasma 3D rapid forming equipments are without closed molding room, and do not need to protective atmosphere or vacuum Environment, workpiece shaping process directly carry out under atmospheric environment.Thus, structure is very simple, and forming part size not by Limitation, equipment price are relatively low.

3rd, printed material (being processed silk material) supply of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments is in energy source beam-plasma (the drop plasma beam of material), the moulding cylinder system for not needing to powdering does not need to powdering system, it is only necessary to a wire feeder , structure significantly simplifies.

4th, used plasma 3D rapid forming equipments are easy to use, intelligence degree and shaping efficiency are high, make Good with effect, the quality of institute's shaping workpiece is high.Used monitoring system includes controlling stamp pad position regulator Position adjustment controller, treat temperature detecting unit that shaping workpiece upper surface temperature detected in real time, nozzle gone out The distance detection unit and printing distance adjusting means are controlled that the distance between mouth and horizontal stamp pad are detected in real time The printing of system is connect apart from adjusting control device, position adjustment controller with stamp pad position regulator, and printing distance adjusts control Device processed is connect with printing distance adjusting means, and temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit connect with printing apart from adjusting control device It connects；Temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing apart from adjusting control device.In actual use, temperature regulation and control system Printing in system controls printing distance adjusting means according to temperature detecting unit institute's detection information apart from adjusting control device, So that printing distance energy automatic adjusument, can prevent the shape layer for having printed completion caused by printing hypotelorism from going out again in this way The problem of now melting, and can also prevent caused by printing hypertelorism formed precision is relatively low, melting liquid stream be sprayed onto it is next The problems such as being solidified before a printable layer upper surface so that forming process is easily controllable, and realizes conveniently, while can effectively prevent Only workpiece surface aoxidizes, because without setting closed vacuum environment.In addition, used monitoring system further includes gas Adaptive-flow adjusts and wire feed rate automatic adjusument function, and intelligence degree is high.

5th, the energy source that plasma 3D rapid forming equipments use is beam-plasma, and beam-plasma power is up to tens of thousand Watt, metal, ceramics, resin and other composite materials can be melted, realizes the 3D printing of above-mentioned material part.Generate beam-plasma Plasma generator (be specifically plasma gun) it is simple in structure, operation expense is low, and equipment cost is low.

6th, the molten melt drop of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments institute printed material is in plasma beam, and beam-plasma is in itself With protective effect, along with the effect of working gas, the oxidation of printed material is can effectively prevent, which does not need to protection gas Atmosphere or vacuum environment directly use under atmospheric environment, have device structure is simple, operating cost is low, forming part size not The advantages that being restricted.

7th, plasma 3D rapid forming equipments are continuously sent processed silk material into beam-plasma using wire feeder, printing The cost of material is low.

8th, materials behavior is by settable liquid into solid-state when plasma 3D rapid forming equipments print, and technical process simplifies, drop The low technology difficulty and cost of 3D printing.Meanwhile in the work of working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) Under, the melting end of processed silk material, which heats in beam-plasma and is fused into molten condition, forms small drop, after fusing Molten melt drop it is continuous and form liquid stream and sprayed together with beam-plasma, formed in band melt the plasma beam of liquid stream；By After the melting liquid stream formed after fusing in processed silk material is sprayed with beam-plasma, with printed material melting liquid stream in formation Microstream forms casting type molding, avoids the rounded constrictions phenomenon generated during the molding of molten drop cooled and solidified, part mechanical property Height, surface is smooth, reduces the technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

9th, used plasma 3D quick molding methods step is simple, reasonable design and realization are convenient, using effect is good, Beam-plasma has protective effect, does not need to protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, is directly printed under atmospheric environment.Also, Printed material is supplied in energy source beam-plasma (the melting liquid stream plasma beam of material), does not need to the moulding cylinder system of powdering System.During printing, by settable liquid into solid-state, technical process simplifies materials behavior, reduces the technology difficulty and cost of 3D printing, And it is no longer size-limited to print part.As shown in the above, the present invention carries out this to traditional plasma surfacing method It is improved in matter, existing plasma surfacing method is generally both provided with plasma arc pressure Height-adjusting device, plasma gun and workpiece surface Distance no more than 15mm, the scope of application is limited.And in the present invention, printing distance can be adjusted interior on a large scale, adapt to not Same material prints demand, and workpiece shaping quality can be effectively ensured.

Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic block circuit diagram of monitoring system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is structure diagram of the present invention into compression ring.

Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of air inlet ring body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the flow diagram of plasma 3D quick molding methods of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Reference sign:

1-feeder；2-be processed silk material；3-workpiece to be formed；

4-horizontal stamp pad；5-air supply pipe；6-wire tray；

7-plasma generator controller；8-distance detection unit；9-temperature detecting unit；

10-printing is apart from adjusting control device；11-detection of gas flow rate unit；

12-gas flow controller；13-plasma gun；13-1-gun body；

13-2-anode nozzle；13-3-cathode；13-4-arc chamber；

13-5-spout；13-6-insulating layer；14-wire feed driving mechanism；

15-position adjusts controller；16-three axis numerically controlled machine；17-upper and lower adjusting apparatus；

18-speed detection unit；19-wire pushing roller；20-wire feed rate controller；

21-into compression ring；21-1-air inlet ring body；21-2-annular sealing cover；

21-3-annular air inlet duct；21-4-outside air admission hole；21-5-inside air admission hole；

22-three-dimensional regulation stent；22-1-X-axis mobile mechanism；

22-2-Y-axis moving mechanism；23-PC machine；24-move horizontally controller；

25-flow control valve.

Specific embodiment

A kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments as shown in Figure 1, by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and confession The horizontal stamp pad 4 that workpiece 3 to be formed is placed forms.

The plasma beam system of processing by be equipped with nozzle and for generate beam-plasma plasma generator, Feeder 1, the wire feeder for continuously sending out processed silk material 2 for providing working gas for the plasma generator With the print position adjusting apparatus composition being adjusted to print position, the plasma generator and the wire feeder are equal Above horizontal stamp pad 4, the wire feeder is located at the plasma generator side；The feeder 1 passes through Air supply pipe 5 is connect with the air inlet opened on the plasma generator；The outer end of the processed silk material 2 is melting end, The melting end is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located on the central axis of the beam-plasma；The print position Adjusting apparatus includes driving the plasma generator is synchronous with the wire feeder to carry out mobile level in the horizontal plane Mobile device and drive the plasma generator, the wire feeder and the horizontally moving device synchronizing moving and corresponding To the printing distance adjusting means that the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are adjusted, the plasma Body generator and the wire feeder are installed on the horizontally moving device, and the horizontally moving device is mounted on described It prints in distance adjusting means.The processed silk material 2 is printed material.

As shown in figure 3, the monitoring system includes moving horizontally controller to what the horizontally moving device was controlled 24th, temperature detecting unit 9, outlet and the level to the nozzle that 3 upper surface temperature of shaping workpiece is detected in real time are treated The distance detection unit 8 and the printing distance adjusting means are controlled that the distance between stamp pad 4 is detected in real time Printing apart from adjusting control device 10, the controller 24 that moves horizontally is connect with the horizontally moving device, it is described printing away from Connect from adjusting control device 10 with the printing distance adjusting means, the temperature detecting unit 9 and distance detection unit 8 with Printing is connected apart from adjusting control device 10；The temperature detecting unit 9 forms temperature regulation and control with printing apart from adjusting control device 10 Device.The temperature detecting unit 9 is to plasma beam system of processing temperature at print position on workpiece 3 to be formed Spend the infrared temperature sensor detected in real time.The distance detection unit 8 is laser range sensor.

In the present embodiment, the horizontally moving device includes driving the plasma generator and the wire feeder same It walks the X-axis mobile mechanism 22-1 moved horizontally in the X-axis direction and drives the plasma generator and the wire feed The Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 that device synchronization is moved horizontally in the Y-axis direction, thus the horizontally moving device is X-Y axis Mobile device.

Also, the plasma generator is installed in the wire feeder on Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, the Y Axis mobile mechanism 22-2 is mounted on X-axis mobile mechanism 22-1, and the X-axis mobile mechanism 22-1 is mounted on the printing distance and adjusts On regulating device.In actual use, the plasma generator is driven to be filled with the wire feed by Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 Synchronization is put to be moved horizontally in the Y-axis direction, by X-axis mobile mechanism 22-1 drive Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, described etc. from Daughter generator is synchronous with the wire feeder to be moved horizontally in the X-axis direction, and is adjusted by the printing distance Device drives the horizontally moving device, the plasma generator synchronous with the wire feeder in the beam-plasma It is moved on central axis.

In the present embodiment, the Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, X-axis mobile mechanism 22-1 and the printing distance adjusting means Composition drives the plasma generator (being specifically plasma gun 13) is synchronous with the wire feeder to carry out three-dimensional motion Manipulator.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system further includes the plasma controlled the plasma generator and occurs Controller 7, the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 detected in real time to the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 and to being installed on air supply pipe 5 The gas flow controller 12 that is controlled of flow control valve 25, the plasma generator controller 7 and the plasma Generator connects, and the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 is connect with gas flow controller 12.

As shown in Fig. 2, the plasma generator includes plasma gun 13, the nozzle is 13 front end of plasma gun Anode nozzle 13-2.The plasma gun 13 includes being provided with the gun body 13-1 of the air inlet, immediately ahead of gun body 13-1 Anode nozzle 13-2 and the cathode 13-3, the anode nozzle 13-2 that are plugged in gun body 13-1 are located at cathode 13-3 front sides, institute State that arc chamber 13-4 is located on front side of cathode 13-3 and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle 13-2, the anode nozzle 13-2's Front inner is spout 13-5；The anode nozzle 13-2, cathode 13-3 and arc chamber 13-4 are in coaxial cloth with gun body 13-1 If；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body 13-1, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 in it is coaxial lay or with the gun body 13- Angle between 1 central axis is 30 °~45 °.

In actual use, the plasma gun 13 is mounted on Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2.

In actual use, the plasma gun 13 can also use conventional other plasma guns.

In the present embodiment, insulating layer 13-6 is provided between the anode nozzle 13-2 and gun body 13-1.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 is laid in coaxial.

In the present embodiment, the air supply pipe 5 is by into the air inlet opened on compression ring 21 and the plasma generator Connection.Also, by uniformly being supplied into the plasma generator into compression ring 21.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, it is described into compression ring 21 is circular ring shape and it includes air inlet ring body 21-1 and lid is mounted in air inlet There are one rings to be opened on circular ring shape and its madial wall by annular sealing cover 21-2, the air inlet ring body 21-1 on ring body 21-1 Open that there are one in the outside air admission hole 21-4 that connects with air supply pipe 5 and its on shape air inlet duct 21-3, the air inlet ring body 21-1 Side is provided with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5, and multiple inside air admission hole 21-5 are along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed and it is respectively positioned on ring On the inside of shape air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 is located on the outside of annular air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 It is communicated with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5 with inside annular air inlet duct 21-3.

Also, it is along the circumferential direction provided with and multiple is communicated respectively with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5 on the gun body 13-1 Gun body air admission hole.

During 13 use of plasma gun as shown in Figure 2, plasma is generated in the arc chamber 13-4, it is generated Plasma forms beam-plasma and is sprayed through spout 13-5.

In the present embodiment, the working gas is inert gas or H₂Gas.

Wherein, inert gas is Ar gas, He gas and N₂Gas.

In the present embodiment, the horizontal stamp pad 4 is on stamp pad position regulator and can move up and down Mobile platform.

The monitoring system further includes the position controlled the stamp pad position regulator and adjusts controller 15, The position adjustment controller 15 is connect with the stamp pad position regulator.

In the present embodiment, the stamp pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Also, the controller that the position adjustment controller 15 is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

In actual use, the stamp pad position regulator can also can complete X, Y and three directions of Z axis using other The device of movement or the vertically movable device that can be moved up and down in the vertical direction.

In actual use, the horizontal stamp pad 4 can also use the fixed fixed platform in position.

In actual use, between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates Angle be not more than 45 °；The printing distance adjusting means are that the nozzle is carried out along the central axis of the beam-plasma Adjusting apparatus 17 up and down adjusted up and down, the distance detection unit 8 are from described to the central axis along the beam-plasma The distance detection device for exporting to the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 and being detected in real time of nozzle.

In the present embodiment, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is Z-direction adjusting apparatus.

Also, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the central axis for the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates is in vertically to laying.It is real Border is in use, can according to specific needs, to the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates Between angle adjust accordingly.

In the present embodiment, the wire feeder includes top and is wound with the wire tray 6 of processed silk material 2, to being processed silk material 2 The wire feeder conveyed and the wire feed driving mechanism 14 being driven to the wire feeder, the wire feeder are located at silk It is connect on the inside of disk 6 and with the wire feeder；The wire tray 6 is coaxially mounted in shaft and can be rotated around the shaft.

In the present embodiment, the Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, X-axis mobile mechanism 22-1 and the printing distance adjusting means Form three-dimensional regulation stent 22.In actual use, by three-dimensional regulation stent 22 respectively in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction to quilt The wire feed direction of silk material 2 and the position of plasma gun 13 is processed to be adjusted.

In the present embodiment, the wire feeder be wire pushing roller 19, the wire pushing roller 19 include driving roller group and from Dynamic roller group, the active that the driving roller group is driven including two by wire feed driving mechanism 14 and rotation direction is opposite Idler wheel, the driven roller group include two rotation directions on the contrary and are located at the driven roller for being processed 2 both sides of silk material, institute respectively It states driving roller group and is located at the driven roller group side, two driving rollers are located at respectively is processed 2 both sides of silk material.

In the present embodiment, the wire feed driving mechanism 14 is stepper motor.In actual use, by changing the step The rotating speed of stepper motor carries out the wire feed rate of the wire feeder easy, quick adjustment.

Also, the wire feed rate of the wire feeder is at the uniform velocity.

During actual installation, the wire tray 6, the wire feeder and wire feed driving mechanism 14 are installed in Y-axis moving mechanism On 22-2.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system further includes the speed detected in real time to the wire feed rate for being processed silk material 2 Degree detection unit 18 and the wire feed rate controller 20 that is controlled wire feed driving mechanism 14, the speed detection unit 18 with Wire feed rate controller 20 connects.

In actual use, the monitoring system is further included respectively to horizontal stamp pad 4 in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction The first displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and the third displacement detecting unit that displacement is detected in real time, described One displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and third displacement detecting unit are connect with position adjustment controller 15.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system further includes the horizontal position to Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 in the Y-axis direction respectively It moves, to the horizontal displacements of X-axis mobile mechanism 22-1 in the X-axis direction and the level to upper and lower adjusting apparatus 17 in the Z-axis direction The 4th displacement detecting unit, the 5th displacement detecting unit and the 6th displacement detecting unit that displacement is detected in real time, described Four displacement detecting units, the 5th displacement detecting unit and the 6th displacement detecting unit are connect with moving horizontally controller 24.

In the present embodiment, the plasma generator controller 7, position adjustment controller 15, is beaten gas flow controller 12 Print connects apart from adjusting control device 10 and wire feed rate controller 20 with the data processing equipment, the data processing equipment For PC machine 23.The feeder 1 carries out start-up and shut-down control by PC machine 23.

A kind of plasma 3D quick molding methods as shown in Figure 6, include the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece 3 to be formed is obtained with image processing module, hierarchy slicing module is recalled and treats shaping workpiece 3 Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

It is multiple it is described layering cross-sectional images be treat shaping workpiece 3 three-dimensional stereo model carry out hierarchy slicing after obtain it is more The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, in step 1 Multiple layering cross-sectional images are respectively processed, and complete the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, are obtained Obtain the scan paths in multiple layering sections；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is cut according to the multiple layerings obtained in step 2 The scan path in face obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with this The scan path for being layered section is identical；

Step 4: it successively prints from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, Shaping workpiece 3 is successively treated from the bottom to top to be printed, and obtains the finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical with the quantity that section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring Layering the distance between the section is identical, in step 3 the printing path in multiple layering sections be respectively it is multiple it is described into The printing path of type layer；The Method of printing all same of multiple shape layers；When treating shaping workpiece 3 and being printed, process is such as Under：

Step 401, bottom printing：The controller 24 that moves horizontally currently is printed as according to acquired in step 3 The printing path of type layer controls the horizontally moving device and the plasma generator is driven to be filled with the wire feed Synchronization is put to be moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the wire feeder to be moved through in the horizontal plane The plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4 by Cheng Zhong, the plasma beam system of processing；It treats After melting liquid stream (specifically flowing to the melting liquid stream on horizontal stamp pad 4) solidification, beating for current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Print process；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：By horizontal stamp pad 4 once moved down in the vertical direction and to It is identical with the thickness of the shape layer to move down dynamic height；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The controller 24 that moves horizontally is according to acquired current in step 3 The printing path of institute's printing shaping layer controls the horizontally moving device and drives the plasma generator and institute Wire feeder synchronization is stated to be moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the wire feeder in horizontal plane During upper movement, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto and has currently beaten by the plasma beam system of processing On the upper surface of printed next shape layer；Liquid stream to be melted (specifically flow to current printed next institute State the melting liquid stream on the upper surface of shape layer) solidify after, complete the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer；

In this step, in plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder, lead to Excess temperature detection unit 9 carries out the upper surface temperature of currently printed next shape layer detection in real time and by institute Temperature information synchronous driving is detected to printing apart from adjusting control device 10, while by distance detection unit 8 to the nozzle Outlet and the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 carry out detection in real time and by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing distance Adjusting control device 10；Temperature information that the printing is detected according to temperature detecting unit 9 apart from adjusting control device 10 and pass through Control the printing distance adjusting means that the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted, making ought The upper surface temperature of preceding printed next shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be formed；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the wire feeder continuously sends out processed silk material 2, while generated by the plasma beam system of processing Beam-plasma melts the melting end for being processed silk material 2, and it is continuous so that the melting end melts the molten melt drop to be formed And form liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma, forms the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of 3 all shape layers of workpiece to be formed.

In actual use, the wire feeder is synchronous wire feeding device.Also, the melting liquid stream is in the work It is moved under the action of gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) along the central axis of the beam-plasma.

The plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto level by plasma beam system of processing described in step 401 When on stamp pad 4, the melting liquid stream of interior band, which synchronizes, to be flow on horizontal stamp pad 4.Plasma beam described in step 4022 is processed The plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto the upper surface of current printed next shape layer by system When upper, the melting liquid stream of interior band, which synchronizes, to be flow on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the material fusing point and printing range data library pre-established, and combine the work to be formed pre-entered by parameter input unit The Material Name of part 3, the basis printing distance for treating shaping workpiece 3 are determined；The parameter input unit and the data Processing equipment connects；

The material fusing point of various material and printing range information are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, The material fusing point and printing range information of each material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material； The basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is nearer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjusting control device 10 according to 8 institute of distance detection unit The range information of detection and by control it is described printing distance adjusting means will be between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 Distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is printed with horizontal The distance between platform 4 prints distance for the basis；

Before being printed in step 4022 and synchronizing temperature control, the printing is detected apart from adjusting control device 10 according to distance The range information and the number that moves down of the horizontal stamp pad 4 of combination that unit 8 is detected move down height, and pass through with each Control the printing distance adjusting means that exporting for the nozzle is upper with current printed next shape layer The distance between surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；To the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 in step 4022 The distance between when being adjusted, the printing is believed apart from adjusting control device 10 according to the temperature that temperature detecting unit 9 is detected It ceases and with reference to the range information that distance detection unit 8 is detected to the distance between outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 It is adjusted, makes the upper surface temperature control of current printed next shape layer in the material of workpiece 3 to be formed Between 0.1 times of fusing point~0.6 times；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are adjusted When, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the gas flow and wire feed rate database pre-established, and with reference to the thickness of the preset shape layer, to gas supply The base gas flow of pipe 5 and the wire feed rate of the wire feeder are determined；

The gas flow and wire feed rate databases contain the wire feed speed needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness Degree and base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the wire feed of the wire feeder is fast Degree is bigger, and the base gas flow is bigger；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the speed detection unit 18 carries out the wire feed rate of the wire feeder detection in real time and institute's detection information is same Step is sent to wire feed rate controller 20, and the wire feed rate controller 20 is according to the wire feed of the predetermined wire feeder Speed simultaneously controls wire feed driving mechanism 14 with reference to 18 detection informations of speed detection unit, makes sending for the wire feeder Silk speed is identical with predetermined wire feed rate；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller 12 is according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Institute's detection information and by controlling flow control valve 25 that the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is adjusted to the base gas flow；Step In rapid 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is the base gas flow；

It is printed and is synchronized in temperature control process in step 4022, the gas flow controller 12 is examined according to gas flow It surveys 11 detection informations of unit and combines 8 detecting distance information of distance detection unit, and by controlling flow control valve 25 right The gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is increased and decreased adjustment；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are bigger, The gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is bigger.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of the workpiece 3 to be formed, pro/e, UG, CATIA etc. three is utilized Dimension graphics software designs the three-dimensional stereo model (i.e. three-dimensional entity model) of workpiece 3 to be formed, then pass through the hierarchy slicing Module carries out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model, and obtains the outline data in each section, is swept by outline data generation filling Path is retouched, accordingly obtains the printing path (printing path in i.e. each layering section) of the plasma beam system of processing.Thus, Method employed in step 1 and step 2 is used with the molding of conventional laser selective melting or electron beam selective melting molding Method is identical.Later, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 carries out X and Y direction in the horizontal plane according to the printing path obtained In motion process, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto horizontal stamp pad by the plasma beam system of processing On 4 or on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, a molding is completed The print procedure of layer；Then, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 declines in the Z-axis direction, successively prints, so as to complete 3 d part Print procedure.

In the present embodiment, plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 it is synchronous with the wire feeder On horizontal plane during movement, a diameter of 0.02mm~10mm of the processed silk material 2, the wire feed of the processed silk material 2 Speed is 0.1m~10m/min.Wherein, the diameter for being processed silk material 2 is bigger, and wire feed rate is slower；And it is processed the material of silk material 2 Matter fusing point is higher, and wire feed rate is slower.

The distance between the melting end of the processed silk material 2 and print job face are 5mm~1000mm.Wherein, it prints Working face is the plane residing for current institute's printing shaping layer, is processed between melting end and the print job face of silk material 2 Distance is wire feed height.

It, will be between the melting end of processed silk material 2 and horizontal stamp pad 4 before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4 Distance is adjusted to preset wire feed height, and the wire feed height is 5mm~1000mm；It is successively beaten from the bottom to top in step 4 During print, the melting end height for being processed silk material 2 is constant.The melting end of silk material 2 and horizontal stamp pad are processed in step 401 The distance between 4 be wire feed height, be processed in step 4022 melting end of silk material 2 with it is current printed next described The distance between shape layer upper surface is wire feed height.

Since horizontal stamp pad 4 is mobile platform on stamp pad position regulator, thus institute in step 3 The printing path in each layering section obtained can also be the machining path of three axis numerically controlled machine 16, described at this time etc. Ion beam current system of processing does not move in the horizontal plane, but by horizontal stamp pad 4 in terms of the level on move, from And complete the print procedure of each shape layer.

Embodiment 2

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, used plasma founding rapid forming equipment is as different from Example 1： Angle between the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 central axis is 30 °~45 °.

In this way, after being changed by spout 13-5 to the direction of the beam-plasma, plasma jet can be effectively reduced The thermic load that anode nozzle 13-2 is generated is impacted, improves anode ablation situation.

In the present embodiment, rest part structure, connection relation and the work of plasma founding rapid forming equipment are used Principle is same as Example 1.

In the present embodiment, used plasma founding quick molding method is same as Example 1.

The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every according to the present invention Any simple modification, change and the equivalent structure that technical spirit makees above example change, and still fall within skill of the present invention In the protection domain of art scheme.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments, it is characterised in that：By monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and for treating Horizontal stamp pad (4) composition that shaping workpiece (3) is placed；

The plasma beam system of processing by nozzle is installed and for generate beam-plasma plasma generator, for institute State feeder (1), the wire feeder for continuously sending out processed silk material (2) that plasma generator provides working gas With the print position adjusting apparatus composition being adjusted to print position, the plasma generator and the wire feeder are equal Above horizontal stamp pad (4), the wire feeder is located at the plasma generator side；The feeder (1) It is connect by air supply pipe (5) with the air inlet opened on the plasma generator；The outer end of the processed silk material (2) is Melting end, the melting end is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located on the central axis of the beam-plasma；It is described Print position adjusting apparatus includes driving the plasma generator is synchronous with the wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane Dynamic horizontally moving device and the shifting synchronous with the horizontally moving device of the drive plasma generator, the wire feeder The printing distance adjusting means that the distance between outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) for moving and mutually coping with the nozzle is adjusted, The plasma generator and the wire feeder are installed on the horizontally moving device, and the horizontally moving device In the printing distance adjusting means；

The monitoring system includes moving horizontally controller (24), to work to be formed to what the horizontally moving device was controlled Temperature detecting unit (9) that part (3) upper surface temperature is detected in real time, outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) to the nozzle The distance between the distance detection unit (8) that is detected in real time and the printing that the printing distance adjusting means are controlled Apart from adjusting control device (10), the controller (24) that moves horizontally is connect with the horizontally moving device, the printing distance Adjusting control device (10) is connect with the printing distance adjusting means, the temperature detecting unit (9) and distance detection unit (8) It is connect with printing apart from adjusting control device (10)；The temperature detecting unit (9) is with printing apart from adjusting control device (10) group Into temperature control device；

Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates is not more than 45 °；Institute It is the adjustment up and down for the nozzle adjust up and down along the central axis of the beam-plasma to state printing distance adjusting means Device (17), the distance detection unit (8) is exports to water to the central axis along the beam-plasma from the nozzle The distance detection device that the distance between flat stamp pad (4) is detected in real time.

2. a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The monitoring system is also wrapped It includes the plasma generator controller (7) controlled to the plasma generator, the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is carried out The detection of gas flow rate unit (11) detected in real time and the gas controlled the flow control valve (25) installed on air supply pipe (5) Body flow controller (12), the plasma generator controller (7) connect with the plasma generator, the gas flow Detection unit (11) is connect with gas flow controller (12).

3. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments described in claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The plasma Generator includes plasma gun (13), and the nozzle is the anode nozzle (13-2) of plasma gun (13) front end；The plasma Rifle (13) is including being provided with the gun body (13-1) of the air inlet, the anode nozzle (13-2) immediately ahead of gun body (13-1) and inserting Loaded on the cathode (13-3) in gun body (13-1), the anode nozzle (13-2) is on front side of cathode (13-3), the arc chamber (13-4) is on front side of cathode (13-3) and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle (13-2), the anode nozzle (13-2) Front inner is spout (13-5)；The anode nozzle (13-2), cathode (13-3) and arc chamber (13-4) with gun body (13- 1) it is laid in coaxial；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body (13-1), and the spout (13-5) is with gun body (13-1) in coaxial cloth If or the angle between gun body (13-1) central axis is 30 °~45 °.

4. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments described in claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The wire feeder The wire tray (6) of processed silk material (2) is wound with including top, to being processed the wire feeder that is conveyed of silk material (2) and to institute State the wire feed driving mechanism (14) that wire feeder is driven, the wire feeder be located on the inside of wire tray (6) and with the wire feed Mechanism connects；The wire tray (6) is coaxially mounted in shaft and can be rotated around the shaft.

5. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments described in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The wire feeder is send Silk idler wheel (19), the wire pushing roller (19) include driving roller group and driven roller group, and the driving roller group includes two It is driven by wire feed driving mechanism (14) and driving roller that rotation direction is opposite, the driven roller group includes two and turn Dynamic direction is opposite and is located at the driven roller for being processed silk material (2) both sides respectively, and the driving roller group is located at the driven rolling Wheel group side, two driving rollers are located at respectively is processed silk material (2) both sides；

The monitoring system further includes the speed detection unit (18) detected in real time to the wire feed rate for being processed silk material (2) With the wire feed rate controller (20) controlled wire feed driving mechanism (14), the speed detection unit (18) and wire feed speed Controller (20) is spent to connect.

6. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipments described in claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The horizontal printing Platform (4) is the mobile platform that on stamp pad position regulator and can be moved up and down；

The monitoring system further includes the position adjustment controller (15) controlled the stamp pad position regulator, institute Rheme is put adjustment controller (15) and is connect with the stamp pad position regulator.

7. a kind of treat the molding method of shaping workpiece progress using rapid forming equipment as described in claim 1, feature exists In：This method includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and calling figure As the three-dimensional stereo model of processing module acquisition workpiece (3) to be formed, recall hierarchy slicing module and treat shaping workpiece (3) Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

It is multiple it is described layering cross-sectional images be treat shaping workpiece (3) three-dimensional stereo model progress hierarchy slicing after obtain it is multiple The image in section is layered, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, to multiple in step 1 The layering cross-sectional image is respectively processed, and completes the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, is obtained more The scan path in a layering section；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is according to the multiple layering sections obtained in step 2 Scan path obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with the layering The scan path in section is identical；

Step 4: it successively prints from the bottom to top：According to the printing path in multiple layering sections obtained in step 3, under Supreme shaping workpiece (3) of successively treating is printed, and obtains the finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers；Institute It is identical with the quantity that section is layered described in step 1 to state the quantity of shape layer, the installation positions of multiple shape layers respectively with The installation position in multiple layering sections corresponds and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer and two neighboring institute It is identical to state the distance between layering section, multiple printing paths for being layered sections are respectively multiple moldings in step 3 The printing path of layer；When treating shaping workpiece (3) and being printed, process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The controller (24) that moves horizontally is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 The printing path of layer, controls the horizontally moving device and drives the plasma generator and the wire feeder Synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；Plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder In, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad (4) by the plasma beam system of processing；It treats After melting liquid stream solidifies, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：Horizontal stamp pad (4) is once moved down in the vertical direction and downwards Mobile height is identical with the thickness of the shape layer；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The controller (24) that moves horizontally is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer, the horizontally moving device is controlled and drive the plasma generator with it is described Wire feeder synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the wire feeder in the horizontal plane In moving process, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto and has currently printed by the plasma beam system of processing On the upper surface of good next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, the printing of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Process；

In this step, in plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder, pass through temperature Degree detection unit (9) to the upper surface temperature of currently printed next shape layer detect and will be examined in real time Testing temperature synchronizing information is sent to printing apart from adjusting control device (10), while by distance detection unit (8) to the nozzle Outlet and the distance between horizontal stamp pad (4) carry out detection in real time and by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing Apart from adjusting control device (10)；It is described to print the temperature detected apart from adjusting control device (10) according to temperature detecting unit (9) Information and by control it is described printing distance adjusting means to the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) into Row is adjusted, and the upper surface temperature of current printed next shape layer is made to be not higher than the material of workpiece to be formed (3) 0.6 times of fusing point；

The moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 In, the wire feeder by processed silk material (2) continuously send out, while by the plasma beam system of processing generate etc. Ion beam melts the melting end for being processed silk material (2), and it is continuous so that the melting end melts the molten melt drop to be formed And form liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma, forms the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece (3) to be formed.

8. carry out molding method according to the shaping workpiece for the treatment of described in claim 7, it is characterised in that：In step 4 by down toward On successively print before, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the material fusing point that pre-establishes and printing range data Library, and the Material Name of workpiece to be formed (3) pre-entered by parameter input unit is combined, treat shaping workpiece (3) Basis printing distance is determined；The parameter input unit connects with the data processing equipment；

The material fusing point of various material and printing range information are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, each The material fusing point and printing range information of the material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material；It is described Basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is nearer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjusting control device (10) according to distance detection unit (8) institute The range information of detection and by control the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) it Between distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is beaten with horizontal The distance between ink pad (4) prints distance for the basis；

Before being printed in step 4022 and synchronizing temperature control, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjusting control device (10) The range information and the number that moves down of the horizontal stamp pad of combination (4) that first (8) are detected move down height, and logical with each It crosses and controls the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and current printed next shape layer The distance between upper surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；To the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad in step 4022 The distance between (4) it is described to print what is detected apart from adjusting control device (10) according to temperature detecting unit (9) when being adjusted The range information that temperature information and combination distance detection unit (8) are detected is to the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) The distance between be adjusted, the upper surface temperature of current printed next shape layer is made to control in work to be formed Between 0.1 times of the material fusing point of part (3)~0.6 times；Also, between the outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) to the nozzle When distance is adjusted, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

9. carry out molding method according to the shaping workpiece for the treatment of described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that：The wire feed dress It puts and is wound with the wire tray (6) of processed silk material (2), to being processed the wire feeder that is conveyed of silk material (2) and right including top The wire feed driving mechanism (14) that the wire feeder is driven, the wire feeder are located on the inside of wire tray (6) and are sent with described The connection of silk mechanism；The wire tray (6) is coaxially mounted in shaft and can be rotated around the shaft；

The monitoring system further includes the plasma generator controller (7) controlled to the plasma generator, to supplying Detection of gas flow rate unit (11) that the gas flow of tracheae (5) is detected in real time, the flow tune to being installed on air supply pipe (5) Gas flow controller (12) that section valve (25) is controlled detects the wire feed rate for being processed silk material (2) in real time Speed detection unit (18) and the wire feed rate controller (20) controlled wire feed driving mechanism (14), the velocity measuring Unit (18) is connect with wire feed rate controller (20), the plasma generator controller (7) and the plasma generator Connection, the detection of gas flow rate unit (11) connect with gas flow controller (12), the distance detection unit (8) and gas Body flow controller (12) connects；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the gas pre-established Flow and wire feed rate database, and with reference to the thickness of the preset shape layer, to the base gas stream of air supply pipe (5) Amount and the wire feed rate of the wire feeder are determined；

The gas flow and wire feed rate databases contain wire feed rate needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness and Base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the wire feed rate of the wire feeder is got over Greatly, the base gas flow is bigger；

The moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 In, the speed detection unit (18) to the wire feed rate of the wire feeder detect in real time and synchronize institute's detection information It is sent to wire feed rate controller (20), wire feed rate controller (20) the sending according to the predetermined wire feeder Silk speed simultaneously controls wire feed driving mechanism (14) with reference to speed detection unit (18) institute's detection information, fills the wire feed The wire feed rate put is identical with predetermined wire feed rate；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate unit (11) Institute's detection information and by controlling flow control valve (25) that the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is adjusted to the base gas stream Amount；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is the base gas flow；

It is printed and is synchronized in temperature control process in step 4022, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit (11) institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit (8) institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve (25) adjustment is increased and decreased to the gas flow of air supply pipe (5)；Also, between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) Distance it is bigger, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is bigger.

10. carry out molding method according to the shaping workpiece for the treatment of described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that：Step 401 and It is described to be processed in the moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the wire feeder of plasma generator described in step 4022 The wire feed rate of silk material (2) is 0.1m/min~10m/min, a diameter of 0.02mm~10mm of the processed silk material (2)；Institute The diameter for stating processed silk material (2) is bigger, and wire feed rate is slower；And the material fusing point for being processed silk material (2) is higher, wire feed rate It is slower；

It, will be between the melting end of processed silk material (4) and horizontal stamp pad (4) before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4 Distance is adjusted to preset wire feed height, and the wire feed height is 5mm~1000mm；It is successively beaten from the bottom to top in step 4 During print, the melting end height for being processed silk material (2) is constant.