CN108723549A - A kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method - Google Patents
A kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108723549A CN108723549A CN201810521871.6A CN201810521871A CN108723549A CN 108723549 A CN108723549 A CN 108723549A CN 201810521871 A CN201810521871 A CN 201810521871A CN 108723549 A CN108723549 A CN 108723549A
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- electric arc
- material manufacturing
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
- B23K9/287—Supporting devices for electrode holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing methods, include the following steps：（1）Corresponding heat source, forming silk material, the material type of substrate are selected according to the material requirements of shaped objects part；（2）The CAD geometrical models of forming target part are established, STL models are extracted, slicing treatment is carried out to STL models, generates the G code file needed for printing, and G code is transmitted to printer；（3）Print parameters are set, starts printing device, thin metal layer printing is successively carried out according to planning path；（4）Machine to be printed finishes the printing of whole synusia, and welding gun ceases arc, you can obtains shaped objects part.The increasing material part error printed by the method for the invention is small, and flawless has the advantages that surface quality is good, while process is stable, dimensional accuracy and surface quality are high, the process-cycle is short, at low cost；Print procedure closed-loop control, high degree of automation can mitigate operating personnel's amount of labour；It can continuously manufacture, manufacture efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing methods, belong to metal increases material manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Metal increases material manufacturing technology mostly uses direct metal laser sintering（DMLS）, selective laser, which melts, to be molded（SLM）,
Selective laser sintering（SLS）, electron-beam melting sintering（EBM）And the still immature wire melting based on fusion welding method is sunk
Product forming technique.Ripe metal increases material manufacturing technology needs previously prepared metal powder mostly at present, and it is low that there are manufacture efficiencies,
The defects such as manufacturing cost is high, and consistency is low.
Electric arc increases material manufacturing technology（WireArcAdditive Manufacture, WAAM）Be it is a kind of using electric arc be heat
Source under program control, metal parts is gradually shaped according to three-dimensional digital model by the addition of silk material by line-face-body
Advanced Digitized Manufacturing Technology.It has that deposition efficiency is high, silk material utilization rate high, the whole manufacturing cycle is short, at low cost etc. excellent
Point.
Since the mode that electric arc increasing material manufacturing is fusing silk material progress liquid droplets transition carries out, by the droplet transfer and melt
The influence of pond flowing, the difficulty of increasing material manufacturing complex thin-walled member is big, especially for big thin of geomery structure change
Wall metal structure forming difficulty.Therefore, there is an urgent need for develop a kind of method that can realize complex thin-wall structure electric arc increasing material manufacturing.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing side is provided
Method, TIG welding guns are moved according to computer chip formation and track, and in the enterprising row metal deposition of substrate, while being sprayed by nozzle
Go out argon gas to protect manufacture parts.By way of the accumulation of successively deposition, inclination angle can be shaped in 45 °~135 ° ranges
Interior high-compactness thin-walled 3 d part, with process, stable, dimensional accuracy and surface quality are high, the process-cycle is short for the invention,
The advantages that at low cost.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides
A kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, includes the following steps：
（1）Corresponding heat source, forming silk material, the material type of substrate are selected according to the material requirements of shaped objects part；
（2）The CAD geometrical models of forming target part are established, STL models is extracted, STL models is analyzed, to STL models
Slicing treatment is carried out, plans forming path automatically, generates the G code file needed for printing, and G code is transmitted to printer；
（3）Print parameters are set, printing device is started, the geomery of setting printing part is successively carried out according to planning path
Thin metal layer prints；
（4）Machine to be printed finishes the printing of whole synusia, and welding gun ceases arc, you can obtains shaped objects part.
Preferentially, in the step (2), the CAD geometrical models of forming target part are established, STL models are extracted, to STL
Model is analyzed, and successively flat scanning is carried out to the CAD geometrical models of shaped objects part；Step（3）In, tungsten needle electrode with
Electric arc is persistently generated between substrate, forming silk material is sent into arc region under the driving of wire-feed motor by wire feeding mouth on three axis numerically controlled machine
Between melt, and accumulate and spread on substrate, form identical with scan path thin metal layer.
Preferentially, step（3）In, using argon tungsten-arc welding as heat source, substrate material is stainless steel, forming silk material be with
The identical welding wire of substrate material, gage of wire 0.8mm are sent into the wire feed angle in electric arc section by wire feeding mouth and horizontal plane press from both sides
Angle is 15 °~25 ° or 45 °~135 °；Distance relation between the tungsten needle of welding gun, welding wire and substrate is：Welding wire upper surface and tungsten needle
Distance be more than 4mm, welding wire lower surface is less than 5mm at a distance from tungsten needle, and welding wire lower surface and substrate distance are 0.3~0.4mm.
Preferentially, step（3）In, forming parameter is：Increasing material manufacturing electric current be 125A~135A, floor height be 0.4~
0.6mm, increasing material manufacturing velocity interval are 250mm/min~650mm/min, and wire feed rate is 100cm/min~450cm/min,
Arc length maintains 3~4mm.
Preferentially, the step（3）In, the first floor manufacturing speed of shaped objects part is 250mm/min, and arc length 5mm is sent
Silk speed is 120mm/min；The second layer manufacturing speed of shaped objects part is 300mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；At
Shape target part third layer manufacturing speed is 350mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm.
Preferentially, the 4th layer of manufacturing speed of shaped objects part is 400mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；Shape mesh
Mark part layer 5 manufacturing speed is 450mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；Shaped objects part layer 6 and later
N layers of manufacturing speed are can be controlled within the scope of 450mm/min~650mm/min, and welding arc control is more than or equal to 7 in 3~4mm, N.
Preferentially, in the step (3), the wall thickness of printing part is adjusted by adjusting the electric current of printing device, is realized
Thin-walled increasing material manufacturing model of the wall thickness between 4mm~8mm.
Preferentially, substrate is placed on the workbench of three axis numerically controlled machine, and substrate is along X-axis and Y direction horizontal movement, weldering
Rifle is fixed on the vertical movement of numerically-controlled machine tool upper edge Z-direction.
The advantageous effect that the present invention is reached：
The increasing material part error printed by the method for the invention is small, and flawless has the advantages that surface quality is good, while process is steady
Determine, dimensional accuracy and surface quality are high, the process-cycle is short, at low cost；Print procedure closed-loop control, high degree of automation can subtract
Light work personnel's amount of labour；It can continuously manufacture, manufacture efficiency is high；Only need three axis lathes, you can printing cylinder side wall, cube
A variety of thin-wall parts such as side wall, of low cost, manufacture thin and thick is less than 5.5mm, has good forming quality；Meanwhile the present invention is also
Inclination angle can be carried out between 45 °~135 ° of inclined-plane increasing material manufacturing, if circular cone and terrace with edge isoclinic face close the manufacture of thin-wall part,
It is applied widely.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the location drawing of welding gun in the present invention, welding wire and substrate；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of increasing material manufacturing thin-walled vase part produced by the present invention.
Mark meaning in attached drawing, 1- welding guns；2- welding wires；3- substrates；4- nozzles；5- tungsten electrodes.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, includes the following steps：
（1）Corresponding heat source, forming silk material, the material type of substrate are selected according to the material requirements of shaped objects part；
（2）The CAD geometrical models of forming target part are established, STL models is extracted, STL models is analyzed, to STL models
Slicing treatment is carried out, plans forming path automatically, generates the G code file needed for printing, and G code is transmitted to printer；
（3）Print parameters are set, printing device is started, the geomery of setting printing part is successively carried out according to planning path
Thin metal layer prints；
（4）Machine to be printed finishes the printing of whole synusia, and welding gun ceases arc, you can obtains shaped objects part.
Further, in the step (2), the CAD geometrical models of forming target part are established, extract STL models, it is right
STL models are analyzed, and successively flat scanning is carried out to the CAD geometrical models of shaped objects part；Step（3）In, tungsten needle electricity
Electric arc is persistently generated between pole and substrate, forming silk material is sent into electricity under the driving of wire-feed motor by wire feeding mouth on three axis numerically controlled machine
Arc section is melted, and is accumulated and spread on substrate, and thin metal layer identical with scan path is formed.
Further, step（3）In, using argon tungsten-arc welding as heat source, substrate material is stainless steel, and forming silk material is
Be the identical welding wire of material with substrate, gage of wire 0.8mm, by wire feeding mouth be sent into the wire feed angle in electric arc section with it is horizontal
Face angle is 15 °~25 ° or 45 °~135 °；Distance relation between the tungsten needle of welding gun, welding wire and substrate is：Welding wire upper surface with
The distance of tungsten needle is more than 4mm, and welding wire lower surface is less than 5mm at a distance from tungsten needle, and welding wire lower surface and substrate distance be 0.3~
0.4mm。
Further, step（3）In, forming parameter is：Increasing material manufacturing electric current be 125A~135A, floor height be 0.4~
0.6mm, increasing material manufacturing velocity interval are 250mm/min~650mm/min, and wire feed rate is 100cm/min~450cm/min,
Arc length maintains 3~4mm.
Further, the step（3）In, the first floor manufacturing speed of shaped objects part is 250mm/min, arc length 5mm,
Wire feed rate is 120mm/min；The second layer manufacturing speed of shaped objects part is 300mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；
Shaped objects part third layer manufacturing speed is 350mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm.
Further, the 4th layer of manufacturing speed of shaped objects part is 400mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；Forming
Target part layer 5 manufacturing speed is 450mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；Shaped objects part layer 6 and later
N-th layer manufacturing speed is can be controlled within the scope of 450mm/min~650mm/min, and welding arc control is more than or equal to 7 in 3~4mm, N.
Further, in the step (3), the wall thickness of printing part is adjusted by adjusting the electric current of printing device, it is real
Thin-walled increasing material manufacturing model of the existing wall thickness between 4mm~8mm.
Further, substrate is placed on the workbench of three axis numerically controlled machine, substrate along X-axis and Y direction horizontal movement,
Welding gun is fixed on the vertical movement of numerically-controlled machine tool upper edge Z-direction.
Cardinal principle is that TIG welding guns are moved in the enterprising row metal deposition of substrate, together according to computer chip formation and track
When by nozzle spray argon gas manufacture parts is protected, successively deposition accumulation by way of, inclination angle can be shaped and existed
High-compactness thin-walled 3 d part within the scope of 45 °~135 °, the invention have stable process, dimensional accuracy and surface quality
High, the advantages that process-cycle is short, at low cost.
Manufacture Fig. 2 shown in revolving body stainless steel vase part, stainless steel structure part height be 120mm, bottom radius 20mm,
Middle part maximum radius is 40mm, is formed by 240 layers of annular element built-up welding.It uses a kind of thin-walled electric arc of the present invention to increase material system
Technique is made, is as follows：
(1) it is preceding according to position relationship between Fig. 1 adjustment welding wire, tungsten needle, substrate to start manufacture, welding wire upper surface is more than away from tungsten needle distance
4mm, welding wire lower surface are less than 5mm away from tungsten needle distance, and welding wire lower surface is 0.4mm away from substrate distance；Select GTAW heat sources, argon gas
Flow 10L/min, purity of argon 99.99%；Welding wire selects stainless steel silk material, gage of wire 0.8mm；Substrate level is placed, and
Using same material stainless-steel sheet as baseplate material；Use three axis numerically controlled machine.
(2) according to the shape and size of forming vase, the CAD geometrical models of metal vase are established, extract STL moulds
Type is used in combination Slice Software to carry out slicing treatment and path planning to STL models, generates the G code file needed for manufacture, and by G
Code is sent to printer.
(3) rational print parameters are set, and operation G code file starts to print according to planning path, three axis numerically controlled machine
Upper welding wire under the driving of wire-feed motor by wire feeding mouth be sent into molten bath in, on three axis numerically controlled machine welding wire under the driving of wire-feed motor by
Wire feeding mouth is sent into the fusing of electric arc section, forms thin metal layer identical with scan path.
Parameter is as follows：Increasing material manufacturing electric current is 130A, and wire feed angle is 20 °, and first layer increasing material manufacturing speed is 250mm/
Min, arc length 5mm, wire feed rate 120cm/min；Second layer increasing material manufacturing speed is 300mm/min, and arc length is by system call interception to 3
~4mm, wire feed rate are controlled by system, and arc length is maintained to printing to terminate with wire feed rate by system control, and third layer increases material
Manufacturing speed is 350mm/min, and the 4th layer of increasing material manufacturing speed is 400mm/min, layer 5 increasing material manufacturing speed 450mm/
Min, layer 6 and follow-up increasing material manufacturing speed are 500mm/min.Manufacturing process does not stop arc, for continuous manufacture.In manufacturing process
In, manufacturing speed can be suitably adjusted according to printing situation, adjusting range is between 400mm/min~650mm/min.Printing 240
Arc is ceased to object height, welding machine after layer, print procedure terminates.
Through measuring, examples detailed above stainless steel vase part thickness formed thereby is about 5mm, and worst error value is 0.4mm, surface
Roughness can reach Ra30um~Ra40um.Meanwhile this drip molding maximum deposition efficiency is 0.946kg/h, flawless generates, tool
Have the advantages that surface quality is good.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）The material type selected corresponding heat source according to the material requirements of shaped objects part, shape silk material and substrate；
（2）The CAD geometrical models of forming target part are established, STL models is extracted, STL models is analyzed, to STL models
Slicing treatment is carried out, plans forming path automatically, generates the G code file needed for printing, and G code is transmitted to printer；
（3）Print parameters are set, printing device is started, the geomery of setting printing part is successively carried out according to planning path
Thin metal layer prints；
（4）Machine to be printed finishes the printing of whole synusia, and welding gun ceases arc, you can obtains shaped objects part.
2. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), be created as
The CAD geometrical models of shape target part extract STL models, analyze STL models, to the CAD geometry of shaped objects part
Model carries out successively flat scanning；Step（3）In, electric arc is persistently generated between tungsten needle electrode and substrate, in three axis numerically controlled machine
Upper forming silk material is sent into the fusing of electric arc section under the driving of wire-feed motor by wire feeding mouth, and accumulates and spread on substrate, formed with
The identical thin metal layer of scan path.
3. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step（3）In, using tungsten electrode
As heat source, substrate material is stainless steel for argon arc welding, and it is the identical welding wire of material that forming silk material, which is with substrate, and gage of wire is
0.8mm, the wire feed angle angle with horizontal plane that electric arc section is sent by wire feeding mouth are 15 °~25 ° or 45 °~135 °；Welding gun
Distance relation between tungsten needle, welding wire and substrate is：Welding wire upper surface is more than 4mm, welding wire lower surface and tungsten needle at a distance from tungsten needle
Distance be less than 5mm, welding wire lower surface and substrate distance are 0.3~0.4mm.
4. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step（3）In, forming parameter
For：Increasing material manufacturing electric current be 125A~135A, floor height be 0.4~0.6mm, increasing material manufacturing velocity interval be 250mm/min~
650mm/min, wire feed rate are 100cm/min~450cm/min, and arc length maintains 3~4mm.
5. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（3）In, shape mesh
The first floor manufacturing speed for marking part is 250mm/min, arc length 5mm, wire feed rate 120mm/min；The of shaped objects part
Two layers of manufacturing speed are 300mm/min, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；Shaped objects part third layer manufacturing speed is 350mm/
Min, welding arc control is in 3~4mm.
6. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the 4th layer of system of shaped objects part
It is 400mm/min to make speed, and welding arc control is in 3~4mm；Shaped objects part layer 5 manufacturing speed is 450mm/min, arc length
Control is in 3~4mm；Shaped objects part layer 6 and n-th layer manufacturing speed later can be controlled in 450mm/min~650mm/
Within the scope of min, welding arc control is more than or equal to 7 in 3~4mm, N.
7. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), pass through tune
The electric current of printing device is saved to adjust the wall thickness of printing part, realizes thin-walled increasing material manufacturing model of the wall thickness between 4mm~8mm.
8. a kind of electric arc increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that substrate is placed on three-axis numerical control machine
On the workbench of bed, along X-axis and Y direction horizontal movement, welding gun is fixed on numerically-controlled machine tool upper edge Z-direction and vertically transports substrate
It is dynamic.
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