CN103952696A - Rapid forming method used for direct preparation of titanium alloy parts in air - Google Patents
Rapid forming method used for direct preparation of titanium alloy parts in air Download PDFInfo
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- CN103952696A CN103952696A CN201410147260.1A CN201410147260A CN103952696A CN 103952696 A CN103952696 A CN 103952696A CN 201410147260 A CN201410147260 A CN 201410147260A CN 103952696 A CN103952696 A CN 103952696A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid forming method used for direct preparation of titanium alloy parts in the air, and belongs to the rapid forming field of laser advanced manufacturing. Shielding gas delivered by a coaxial powder delivery nozzle is divided into two circuits comprising a middle circuit shielding gas and a circuit of shielding gas arranged outside a powder delivery passage. Delivery of the middle circuit shielding gas is realized via following design: a four-direction spiral-type gas inlet device is adopted for a middle circuit spiral gas circuit guide sleeve, and the lower part of the middle circuit spiral gas circuit guide sleeve is connected with a middle circuit spiral gas circuit pedestal sleeve. The four-direction spiral-type gas inlet device comprises a hollow cylinder, and four pipes which are distributed uniformly on the outer wall of the hollow cylinder in a circumference, and are inserted into the hollow cylinder slantwise; angle (alpha) between each of the four pipes and the vertical direction, i.e. z-axis direction, is 45 DEG; angle (beta) between the vertical view direction of each of the four pipes and the direction of a corresponding outlet of four outlets of the middle circuit spiral gas circuit pedestal sleeve is 60 DEG; middle circuit shielding gas flow speed ranges from 1 to 5L/min, and outer shielding gas delivery speed range from 12 to 18L/min. The rapid forming method of titanium alloy parts is simple and practical, is low in cost, is suitable for large-scale production, and possesses excellent economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of quick forming method of directly manufacturing titanium alloy component in air; the main technical characterstic that adopts laser cladding forming method (or laser near-net-shape); in air, directly complete the manufacture of titanium alloy component, to be different from the titanium alloy component manufacture method of carrying out in other vacuum at sealed gas chamber, overvoltage or protection of inert gas atmosphere.The titanium alloy component oxygen level that adopts the method to manufacture is low, meets the requirement of harsh aerospace component to titanium alloy component oxygen level, belongs to the Quick-forming field in the advanced manufacture of laser.
Background technology
Titanium alloy has below high specific strength and than fatigue strength, has good thermostability at 500 DEG C.In neutrality, oxidizing atmosphere and numerous severe environment, titanium alloy has the solidity to corrosion more excellent than common metal material.Meanwhile, the intensity of titanium alloy and matrix material, Rigidity Matching can make aircraft structure obtain better weight loss effect.Thereby, while use at positions such as gas compressor blade dish, combustor outer casing, gas ejector pipes, can greatly alleviate aircraft weight.So in civil aviation space flight and air fighter manufacture, titanium alloy is all in occupation of indispensable status.
Because titanium alloy high-temperature is active and resistance to deformation is large, meet difficulty in traditional casting with in forging processing.Using laser fast forming method to manufacture aerospace titanium alloy structure part has become a kind of trend, and the proportion that in aircraft structure, laser fast forming finished parts occupy has become the one mark of weighing a national science and technology level.Titanium alloy Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique has compared with the processed edge of conventional titanium alloy part: without the preparation of part blank, and forge die processing; High compared with forging material use efficiency; Processing flexibility is good, with short production cycle etc.
But titanium alloy at high temperature has the ability of strong suction hydrogen, oxygen uptake, suction nitrogen, and react with airborne oxygen under normal temperature, its performance is significantly declined.Thereby, in the time that titanium alloy is carried out to laser processing, must protect in more than 400 degrees Celsius region.Conventional method is adding man-hour by different laser fast shaping suite of equipment, making workpiece in inert gas atmosphere, gas-insulated with outside contamination.In addition, can also promote the purity of powder carrier gas, design sealing powder feeding and plenum system, carry out online monitoring temperature real-time closed-loop feedback to moulding high-temperature area, controls pollutent sneak into titanium alloy and react from source.
For the phenomenon very easily reacting with nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen in titanium alloy moulding process, various countries researchist analyzes forming process, and has proposed several effective protected modes.In protection process, can judge protection effect by observing titanium alloy color, after titanyl, be light blue at 700 DEG C of specimen surfaces, 900 DEG C of specimen surface grays, 1000 DEG C of specimen surfaces are canescence, and 1100 DEG C of specimen surfaces are yellow-white.After titanium nitrogenize, titanium nitride coating has golden colour lustre.And inhale after hydrogen when titanium, its mechanical property will great changes will take place.At this moment can judge the hydrogen situation of inhaling by mechanical test.
The most frequently used atmosphere protection device is gas shield case; AeroMet company of the U.S. the earliest to titanium alloy component application aboard develop; the people such as FG.Arclla and FH.Froes, by design gas shield case, makes five-axle linkage machining tool be positioned at the bottom of gas shield case.Then introduce powder feeding passage and laser channeling and enter guard box upper end, surrounding seals with sealing-ring.When work, be filled with Ar gas from guard box bottom, carry out laser fast shaping after making casing be full of shielding gas.
And the atmosphere protection case shown in Pennsylvania State University application working instructions Fig. 2 same with research laboratory carries out laser formation manufacture to titanium alloy powder.What is interesting is that they add protection eyeglass in the end cap portions of atmosphere case; and end cap keeps synchronizeing so with the movement locus instruction of laser head by CNC lathe; atmosphere case, by forming the more motion structure of sealing, makes the oxygen level in the course of processing obtain more effective control.
The Huang Weidong seminar of domestic Northwestern Polytechnical University has also been used similar principle of design with the titanium alloy laser processing that the king of BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Huaming seminar carries out.Wherein, the people such as Huang Weidong have added gas-detecting device in guard box, have ensured enough rare gas element per-cent.Wang Huaming seminar independent development success domestic first cover, there is " Free Planar contact/dynamic seal/inert atmosphere protection " titanium alloy structure part laser fast forming set technique change system of independent intellectual property right
[32].Can produce more large-scale titanium alloy rapid shaping member, and make the mechanical property of titanium alloy part reach forging requirement, also ensure that it normally uses.Because its problem relates to military project, national defence, thereby the concrete technology details of this technology is all in confidential state.
Except gas guard box, the people such as Wang Jiachun are studied and improve the gas shield measure in titanium alloy welding.Gas protective drawing cover and welding protector nozzle are worked out.This gas shield research during to laser fast forming also provides reference.Gas protective drawing cover object is that protection has departed from nozzle guard district, but still surface, Seam and heat effected zone in temperature of reaction interval.Specification sheets Fig. 5 is the hood-shaped formula of dragging, airflow passes even gas distribution pipe, and air is extruded, then inflow gas lens make rare gas element gas be full of protection zone, by molten bath and heat affected zone and air insulated, reach protection object.
In the Cao Na " Study on Working Head for Titanium Laser Welding " of Beijing University of Technology, design a kind of Titanium Laser Welding protector, formed by main protection gas jets and the supplementary protection nozzle of protection welding pool.But this shielding gas nozzle is merely able to protection and is parallel to the molten bath fillet of laser motion direction, and can not ensure that molten bath and heat affected zone entirety are all under protection of inert gas.
According to above protected mode, substantially titanium alloy protective atmosphere can be divided into internal enclosed atmosphere and open atmosphere.The protection of internal enclosed atmosphere protection case is effective, and easy to use, is once filled with inertia protection gas and can carries out long period use.Shortcoming is to waste in a large number shielding gas, causes tooling cost burden.Too much rare gas element also will be noted the sealing property of casing the moment, because the general density of rare gas element is difficult for greatly diffusion, very easily causes suffocating of operator, crisis life security once reveal.Internal enclosed equipment configuration complexity, cost costliness, is more suitable for the processing and manufacturing of large-scale drip molding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of quick forming method of directly manufacturing titanium alloy component in air; object is the manufacture that directly completes titanium alloy component in air, to be different from the titanium alloy component manufacture method of carrying out in other vacuum at sealed gas chamber, overvoltage or protection of inert gas atmosphere.This titanium alloy component manufacture method is simple and practical, cost is lower, is applicable to a large amount of production.This technology also can be generalized to the reparation manufacture of Ineffective Titanium alloy part.
The key of technology is the design of powder-feeding nozzle.The function of powder-feeding nozzle comprises water-cooling system, plenum system, powder feed system etc.; The effect of water-cooling system is in 3 d part manufacturing processed, whole powder-feeding nozzle to be carried out cooling, because nozzle can temperature raise due to the reflex action of laser.Wherein plenum system is not only carried the current-carrying gas of carrying powder particle motion, also carries molten bath and the rare gas element building part and protect.The shielding gas that coaxial powder-feeding nozzle is carried divides two-way, and Yi Luwei Road shielding gas, is transported to molten bath district by light path, and Dui Gai district protects; Another road is the shielding gas carrying path of design in powder feeding path outside, and the protection domain of this road gas can be expanded by the design of transfer passage, as shown in Figure 2.Road shielding gas can use identical gas with outside shielding gas, also can be different.Such design, liquid molten bath and just can realizing to the shielding gas of carrying in Reciprocity of Laser & Materials district conveying powder by powder-feeding nozzle in the protection of building part in part manufacture process.
Be used in a quick forming method of directly manufacturing titanium alloy component in air, it is characterized in that:
The function of powder-feeding nozzle comprises water-cooling system, plenum system, powder feed system.The shielding gas that coaxial powder-feeding nozzle is carried divides two-way, and Yi Luwei Road shielding gas, is transported to molten bath district by light path, and Dui Gai district protects; Another road is the shielding gas carrying path of design in powder feeding path outside.Road shielding gas uses identical gas or different from outside shielding gas;
The gas input of described Road adopts following design: Road spiral gas circuit guide pin bushing carries out homogenizing and turns to the gas entering, and is designed with Road spiral gas circuit cover for seat below; The spiral diffuser of described four-way is to adopt on the outer wall of hollow cylinder, to be evenly distributed on four pipes that four oblique cuttings on a circumference enter this hollow cylinder and to form, and these four pipes and vertical direction are that to be angle α be 30 °-50 ° to Z-direction; Be 60 ° of angles and the axis of four pipes is β mutually with the tangent method of its cylinder connection place focus;
Road shielding gas flow velocity: 1-5L/min; Outside shielding gas feed rate: 12-18L/min.
Fig. 4 is the shower nozzle simulation shielding gas flow field in above-mentioned design situation, can find out that Road protection gas has obvious jeting effect from result, outer shroud tow channel gas stream form is caused to certain influence, and break the flow location form of stagnant areas without glutinous stream.In the gas circuit of Road, have little upstream, substrate surface is without backflow.
The important parameter that wherein determines protection effect has: Road shielding gas flow velocity: 1-5L/min; Outside shielding gas feed rate: 12-18L/min.Two-way shielding gas and middle powder zone interact, and obtain better protecting effect.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention in morning air, directly manufacture titanium alloy component provide may, compared with the conventional manufacturing processed of carrying out in closed atmosphere of beating, simple and practical, cost is lower, is applicable to a large amount of production, has very large economic benefit.And this technology also can be generalized to the reparation manufacture of Ineffective Titanium alloy part, in even online repair process.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 the present invention directly manufactures titanium alloy component system diagram in air;
The functional schematic of Fig. 2 coaxial powder-feeding nozzle of the present invention, wherein: V
0: be Road shielding gas path, V
1: be powder and carrier gas path; V
2: be outside shielding gas path;
Fig. 3 a Road protection gas circuit structure optimization design schematic diagram;
The spiral diffuser three-dimensional plot of Fig. 3 b four-way;
Three direction schematic diagram of the spiral diffuser of Fig. 3 c four-way;
Gas flowfield velocity distribution when Fig. 4 Road gas circuit is four-way spirally inlet air mouth;
The impact of different Roads airshed on constituent content in Fig. 5 titanium alloy component manufacturing processed.
In figure: 1, high energy beam current; 2, powder-feeding nozzle; 3, shielding gas is carried, and 4, fixture, 5, building part; 6, titanium alloy base plate; 7, powder feeder, 8, platen, 9, main shaft (adjusting the logical light cone pipe coupling shaft of neutralization); 10, Road spiral gas circuit guide pin bushing, 11, Road spiral gas circuit cover for seat
Embodiment
The spiral diffuser of described four-way is that four pipes that adopt four oblique cuttings that are evenly distributed on the outer wall of hollow cylinder on a circumference to enter this hollow cylinder form, and these four pipes and vertical direction are that the axial angle α of z is 45 °; And four Way out angles overlooking direction and Road spiral gas circuit cover for seat of these four pipes are that β angle is 60 °, and these four pipes and horizontal direction angle are 50 °;
The diameter of Road spiral gas circuit guide pin bushing is 30mm, is highly 20mm; Four pipes are inserted in the center circumferential position of Road spiral gas circuit guide pin bushing.
Taking high energy beam current as thermal source to the titanium alloy powder of carrying from coaxial powder-feeding nozzle on the substrate of homogeneity by point-line-face successively melt deposition that superposes, directly manufacture titanium alloy Three-dimensional Entity Components.Wherein the digital control system control that moves through of high energy beam current completes, and its moving line is determined by the individual layer information that will build part.It is to be noted that the manufacture of whole titanium alloy component directly completes in air, manufacturing processed is without carrying out in vacuum, overvoltage or the protection of inert gas atmosphere of sealed gas chamber.
A. high energy beam current can be laser beam, electron beam, beam-plasma etc. as thermal source, wherein laser comprises the industrial laser such as Solid State Laser, semiconductor laser and optical-fiber laser;
B. the powder conveying system of a set of conveying titanium alloy powder: comprise powder feeder and powder-feeding nozzle.The Main Function of powder feeder is powder from required transfer rate to powder-feeding nozzle that carry.The function of powder-feeding nozzle comprises water-cooling system, plenum system, powder feed system etc.; The effect of water-cooling system is in 3 d part manufacturing processed, whole powder-feeding nozzle to be carried out cooling, because nozzle can temperature raise due to the reflex action of laser.Wherein plenum system is not only carried the current-carrying gas of carrying powder particle motion, also carries molten bath and the rare gas element building part and protect.
C. the manufacturing processed of titanium alloy component completes in atmosphere, liquid molten bath and only realizing to the shielding gas of carrying in Reciprocity of Laser & Materials district conveying powder by powder-feeding nozzle in the protection of building part in part manufacture process.The shielding gas that powder jet is carried divides two-way, and Yi Luwei Road shielding gas, is transported to molten bath district by light path, and Dui Gai district protects; Another road is the shielding gas carrying path of design in powder feeding path outside, and the protection domain of this road gas can be expanded by the design of transfer passage.Road shielding gas can use identical gas with outside shielding gas, also can be different.
The method comprises the following steps,
The first step: granularity is put into powder feeder for-200 orders～+ 325 any titanium of object closes powder;
Second step: adopt gripping unit that homogeneity titanium alloy base plate is clamped, be placed on worktable;
The 3rd step: argon gas is passed into the carrier gas of carrying as powder in powder feeder, and the Road and the outside shielding gas path that argon gas (or helium) are passed into respectively to powder-feeding nozzle are exported as shielding gas;
The 4th: first open supply gas, powder conveyer, then start high energy beam current.At this moment powder is continuously fed into the interaction area of laser and substrate and enters in molten bath, and wherein the energy input of thermal source need to cooperatively interact according to other parameters, jointly determine.
The 5th step: high energy beam current light source is along the cad model section track scanning that will build part, by the titanium alloy powder of synchronous transport successively melt deposition in homogeneity alloy sheets, by the stack of point-line-face, can build the 3D solid that will build titanium parts.
The 6th step: in titanium alloy component manufacturing processed, important parameter is laser power, powder sending quantity, laser speed of feed and z axial translation amount.Wherein laser power, powder sending quantity, laser speed of feed have determined width and the height of the heat input in laser processing procedure, single track cladding line.The scope of above-mentioned parameter is respectively: laser power: 400-1200W, powder sending quantity: 8-12g/min, laser speed of feed: 400-600mm/min, z axial translation amount: 100-500um/ time.And the important parameter that determines protection effect has: Road shielding gas flow velocity: 1-5L/min; Outside shielding gas feed rate: 12-18L/min.
Embodiment 1
Experiment selects shaping system shown in specification sheets Fig. 1 to carry out the manufacture of titanium alloy component, and powder-feeding nozzle used is as shown in specification sheets Fig. 2.Processing parameter in manufacturing processed is as shown in table 1, first selects argon gas as shielding gas, and its mesectoderm argon shield airshed is chosen for 15L/min, and value is 3,7 to Road protection gas circuit argon gas load traffic respectively, 10L/min manufactures.
Processing parameter is in table 1:
Table 1 laser fast forming is manufactured titanium alloy component processing parameter
Sample after manufacture adopts ONH-3000 oxygen nitrogen hydrogen analyzer to carry out mass percent mensuration to three kinds of constituent contents in part.While making Road protection gas for understanding argon gas, the difference of nitrogen hydrogen-oxygen content under each Protection parameters.3,7, when 10L/min selection argon flow amount is:, the part of (corresponding protection effect respectively: better, poor, very poor), is prepared into the bar sample of 2 × 2 × 50mm, before test, removes surface oxide layer through liquid honing polishing.Measurement result as shown in Figure 4.Known, along with the increase of Road shielding gas flow amount, nitrogen hydrogen-oxygen constituent content also increases gradually, and protection effect is also poorer.Wherein before and after nitrogen element content, change ratio maximum, be about 200%; Before and after oxygen element, change about 7%-15%; Hydrogen richness overall variation is little, is about 2%.Protect in best situation oxygen element content in titanium alloy component: 0.15%; Nitrogen element content: 0.023%, protium content, 0.0047%.Industrial to impurity element nitrogen, hydrogen in titanium alloy, there are strict requirements for oxygen mass content: oxygen and nitrogen content are respectively at 0.15%-0.2% with below 0.04-0.05%; Hydrogen richness is below 0.015%.Contrast from data: adopt the oxygen level of the titanium alloy component of this invention manufacture to meet technical requirements.
In addition, in order to keep the preciseness of work, we adopt same way to test in experiment the content of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen element in titanium alloy powder used, as shown in table 2:, known with result contrast above, through the manufacturing processed of Quick-forming, the nitrogen in part, hydrogen, oxygen level are improved.
The content (wt%) of nitrogen, hydrogen, three kinds of elements of oxygen in table 2 titanium alloy powder
Embodiment 2
Experiment selects shaping system shown in specification sheets Fig. 1 to carry out the manufacture of titanium alloy component, and powder-feeding nozzle used is as shown in specification sheets Fig. 2.Processing parameter in manufacturing processed is as shown in table 1, and its mesectoderm helium shielding gas flow amount is chosen 15L/min, and Road protection gas circuit helium load traffic value elects 3,7 as, 10L/min manufactures.
Experiment adopts ONH-3000 oxygen nitrogen hydrogen analyzer to carry out mass percent mensuration to three kinds of constituent contents in cladding layer.While making Road protection gas for understanding helium, the difference of nitrogen hydrogen-oxygen content under each Protection parameters.3,7, the part of 10L/min (corresponding protection effect respectively: better, poor, very poor) select helium gas flow respectively under condition:, to be prepared into the bar sample of 2 × 2 × 50mm, before test, to remove surface oxide layer through liquid honing polishing.Measurement result as shown in Figure 4.Known, along with the increase of Road shielding gas flow amount, nitrogen hydrogen-oxygen constituent content also increases gradually, and protection effect is also poorer.From Fig. 4, can read: the effect taking helium as shielding gas is better than the protection effect of argon gas.Contrast from data: adopt the oxygen level of the titanium alloy component of this invention manufacture to meet technical requirements.
Claims (1)
1. be used in a quick forming method of directly manufacturing titanium alloy component in air, it is characterized in that:
The function of powder-feeding nozzle comprises water-cooling system, plenum system, powder feed system; The shielding gas that coaxial powder-feeding nozzle is carried divides two-way, and Yi Luwei Road shielding gas, is transported to molten bath district by light path, and Dui Gai district protects; Another road is the shielding gas carrying path of design in powder feeding path outside; Road shielding gas uses identical gas or different from outside shielding gas;
The gas input of described Road adopts following design: Road spiral gas circuit guide pin bushing carries out homogenizing and turns to the gas entering, and is designed with Road spiral gas circuit cover for seat below; The spiral diffuser of described four-way is to adopt on the outer wall of hollow cylinder, to be evenly distributed on four pipes that four oblique cuttings on a circumference enter this hollow cylinder and to form, and these four pipes and vertical direction are that to be angle α be 30 °-50 ° to Z-direction; Be 60 ° of angles and the axis of four pipes is β mutually with the tangent method of its cylinder connection place focus;
Road shielding gas flow velocity: 1-5L/min; Outside shielding gas feed rate: 12-18L/min.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105522155A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-04-27 | 中研智能装备有限公司 | Plasma 3D fast forming and remanufacturing method and equipment of train wheels |
| KR101794279B1 (en) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-11-20 | 한국기계연구원 | Three dimension structure printing apparatus having linear nozzle possible to line scane printing and method of the same |
| KR101801313B1 (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-11-24 | 한국기계연구원 | Variable nozzle for three dimension structure printing apparatus |
| CN108127118A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-08 | 浙江万丰科技开发股份有限公司 | A kind of metal powder laser 3D printing nozzle |
| WO2018228276A1 (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | 中国矿业大学 | Built-in sieve-hole annular laser cladding nozzle |
| WO2019001008A1 (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-03 | 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 | Laser cladding and forming method for metal or alloy under partial atmosphere protection |
| CN109277570A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-01-29 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of laser powder feeding increasing material preparation method of Ni25 nickel-base alloy bar |
| CN111215855A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-02 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Titanium/nickel alloy part based on explosive welding and laser additive manufacturing and preparation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101801313B1 (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-11-24 | 한국기계연구원 | Variable nozzle for three dimension structure printing apparatus |
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| CN109277570A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-01-29 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of laser powder feeding increasing material preparation method of Ni25 nickel-base alloy bar |
| CN111215855A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-02 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Titanium/nickel alloy part based on explosive welding and laser additive manufacturing and preparation method |
| CN111215855B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-05-11 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Titanium/nickel alloy part based on explosive welding and laser additive manufacturing and preparation method |
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