CN105503184A - 一种锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105503184A
CN105503184A CN201510900823.4A CN201510900823A CN105503184A CN 105503184 A CN105503184 A CN 105503184A CN 201510900823 A CN201510900823 A CN 201510900823A CN 105503184 A CN105503184 A CN 105503184A
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zirconate titanate
calcium zirconate
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王传彬
吉祥
沈强
张联盟
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,具体是:先分别制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液、含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液,再将A位和B位前驱液水浴加热搅拌,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;将凝胶在空气中于室温~80℃下陈化12~24小时,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;最后,将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经800~1200℃煅烧2~6小时后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体。本发明克服了现有固相反应方法存在的成分偏离和引入杂质等问题,具有混料充分均匀、组分控制精确、合成粉体纯度高、合成温度低等优势,而且可有效提高锆钛酸钡钙粉体的烧结活性。

Description

一种锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及压电材料技术领域,具体是一种利用溶胶-凝胶技术制备锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的方法。
背景技术
压电材料是一类能够实现机械能和电能相互转换的功能材料,可用于制作蜂鸣器、谐振器、滤波器、超声波换能器、变压器等压电电子器件。锆钛酸铅(Pb(Zr,Ti)O3,简称PZT)是一种性能优良、应用广泛的压电材料,但它含有毒的铅,在制备和使用过程中会对人体健康和周围环境产生危害,因此迫切需要研发可替代PZT的、环境友好的压电新材料。
目前,人们已开发出系列无铅压电材料,包括钙钛矿、钨青铜、铋层状结构等,但是这些材料的压电常数都偏低,与PZT相比压电活性低较差,限制了它们的实际应用。
锆钛酸钡钙是近年来发现的一种新型无铅压电材料,它是由锆钛酸钡(Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3,简称BZT)和钛酸钡钙((Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,简称BCT)以特定组分比例混合后形成的固溶体化合物,表现出与PZT相当的压电性能,因而具有重要的研究价值和应用潜力。目前,锆钛酸钡钙粉体的合成多采用固相反应法,通过BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZrO2等原料粉体的球磨混合、固相反应得到。这种方法虽然工艺比较简单,但多组分原料在固态下难以混合均匀,导致后续反应不够充分,因此锆钛酸钡钙粉体的成分往往偏离设定值,而粉体性能对微小的成分偏差很敏感。此外,长时间的球磨混合过程中也会引入其它杂质。因此,常规固相反应法所导致的成分偏离和引入杂质等问题,都不可避免地会对锆钛酸钡钙粉体的结构和性能产生不利影响。一种能够实现原料充分混合并能准确控制锆钛酸钡钙粉体组分的制备方法,迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,以解决上述现有技术存在的弊病。
本发明为实现上述目的采用以下的技术方案:
本发明提供的锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其按照以下步骤进行:
(1)将乙酸钡、乙酸钙按照Ba、Ca摩尔比7.3:2.7~9.7:0.3溶于冰乙酸中,加入蒸馏水,加热搅拌,待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液;
(2)将钛酸四丁酯、正丁醇锆按照Ti、Zr摩尔比8.2:1.8~9.8:0.2溶于乙二醇乙醚中,加入已酰丙酮,加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将B位前驱液倒入A位前驱液混合加热搅拌,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶在空气中陈化,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经煅烧合成后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体。
上述方法中,合成后得到的锆钛酸钡钙粉体的化学组成为:(1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,其中x=0.1~0.9。
所述的A位前驱液中,乙酸:蒸馏水的体积比为1:1~4:1;所述的B位前驱液中,乙二醇乙醚:已酰丙酮的体积比为6:1~10:1。
所述加热搅拌方式为水浴加热搅拌,温度60~90℃,时间1~2小时。
所述凝胶陈化工艺参数为:温度为室温~80℃,时间6~24小时。
所述煅烧工艺参数为:温度800~1200℃,时间2~6小时。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下的有益效果:
1.采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体,短时间内可实现多组分原料的均匀分散、充分混合,保证成分的准确可控,而且避免了通常球磨过程中引入的其它杂质。
2.作为一种有效的粉体制备方法,本发明的锆钛酸钡钙粉体的溶胶-凝胶合成技术,克服了现有固相反应方法存在的成分偏离和引入杂质等问题,具有混料充分均匀、组分控制精确、合成粉体纯度高等优势。
3.采用本方法,合成温度可低至800~1200℃,比传统固相法降低了约500℃,大大节约了生产成本,而且可有效提高锆钛酸钡钙粉体的烧结活性,为进一步制备具有优良压电性能的锆钛酸钡钙无铅压电陶瓷提供了高品质的粉体原料。
总之,本发明克服了现有固相反应方法存在的成分偏离和引入杂质等问题,具有混料充分均匀、组分控制精确、合成粉体纯度高、合成温度低等优势,而且可有效提高锆钛酸钡钙粉体的烧结活性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
图2为本发明得到的锆钛酸钡钙粉体的X射线衍射物相分析结果。
图3为本发明实施例1得到的锆钛酸钡钙粉体的扫描电镜形貌图。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1:
(1)按照Ba、Ca摩尔比8.5:1.5分别称取乙酸钡(9.127g)、乙酸钙(1.111g),溶于冰乙酸(50ml)中,加入蒸馏水(25ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液。
(2)按照Ti、Zr摩尔比9:1分别称取钛酸四丁酯(12.877g)、正丁醇锆(2.016g),溶于乙二醇乙醚(40ml)中,加乙酰丙酮(5ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将A位和B位前驱液混合,于80℃水浴加热搅拌1小时,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶于空气中室温陈化12小时,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经1000℃煅烧2小时后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体,其化学组成为0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,物相结构和外观形貌分别如图2和图3所示。
实施例2
(1)按照Ba、Ca摩尔比9.7:0.3分别称取乙酸钡(10.415g)、乙酸钙(0.222g),溶于冰乙酸(50ml)中,加入蒸馏水(50ml),于60℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液。
(2)按照Ti、Zr摩尔比8.2:1.8分别称取钛酸四丁酯(11.732g)、正丁醇锆(3.629g),溶于乙二醇乙醚(30ml)中,加乙酰丙酮(5ml),于60℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将A位和B位前驱液混合,于60℃水浴加热搅拌1小时,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶于空气中室温陈化6小时,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经800℃煅烧2小时后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体,其化学组成为0.9Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.1(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,物相结构如图2所示。
实施例3
(1)按照Ba、Ca摩尔比9.1:0.9分别称取乙酸钡(9.771g)、乙酸钙(0.667g),溶于冰乙酸(50ml)中,加入蒸馏水(25ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液。
(2)按照Ti、Zr摩尔比8.6:1.4分别称取钛酸四丁酯(12.305g)、正丁醇锆(2.823g),溶于乙二醇乙醚(40ml)中,加乙酰丙酮(5ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将A位和B位前驱液混合,于80℃水浴加热搅拌1小时,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶于空气中室温陈化12小时,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经1000℃煅烧2小时后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体,其化学组成为0.7Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.3(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,物相结构如图2所示。
实施例4
(1)按照Ba、Ca摩尔比8.2:1.8分别称取乙酸钡(8.804g)、乙酸钙(1.333g),溶于冰乙酸(50ml)中,加入蒸馏水(25ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液。
(2)按照Ti、Zr摩尔比9.2:0.8分别称取钛酸四丁酯(13.163g)、正丁醇锆(1.613g),溶于乙二醇乙醚(40ml)中,加乙酰丙酮(5ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将A位和B位前驱液混合,于80℃水浴加热搅拌1小时,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶于空气中室温陈化12小时,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经1000℃煅烧2小时后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体,其化学组成为0.4Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.6(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,物相结构如图2所示。
实施例5
(1)按照Ba、Ca摩尔比7.9:2.1分别称取乙酸钡(8.482g)、乙酸钙(1.555g),溶于冰乙酸(50ml)中,加入蒸馏水(25ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液。
(2)按照Ti、Zr摩尔比9.4:0.6分别称取钛酸四丁酯(13.449g)、正丁醇锆(1.210g),溶于乙二醇乙醚(40ml)中,加乙酰丙酮(5ml),于80℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将A位和B位前驱液混合,于80℃水浴加热搅拌1小时,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶于空气中室温陈化12小时,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经1000℃煅烧2小时后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体,其化学组成为0.3Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.7(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,物相结构如图2所示。
实施例6
(1)按照Ba、Ca摩尔比7.3:2.7分别称取乙酸钡(7.838g)、乙酸钙(2.000g),溶于冰乙酸(100ml)中,加入蒸馏水(25ml),于90℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液。
(2)按照Ti、Zr摩尔比9.8:0.2分别称取钛酸四丁酯(14.022g)、正丁醇锆(0.403g),溶于乙二醇乙醚(50ml)中,加乙酰丙酮(5ml),于90℃水浴加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将A位和B位前驱液混合,于90℃水浴加热搅拌2小时,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶于空气中80℃陈化24小时,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经1200℃煅烧6小时后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体,其化学组成为0.1Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.9(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,物相结构如图2所示。

Claims (6)

1.一种锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征是按照以下步骤进行:
(1)将乙酸钡、乙酸钙按照Ba、Ca摩尔比7.3:2.7~9.7:0.3溶于冰乙酸中,加入蒸馏水,加热搅拌,待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ba2+和Ca2+的A位前驱液;
(2)将钛酸四丁酯、正丁醇锆按照Ti、Zr摩尔比8.2:1.8~9.8:0.2溶于乙二醇乙醚中,加入已酰丙酮,加热搅拌。待溶液完全透明澄清后,静止冷却,制得含Ti4+和Zr4+的B位前驱液;
(3)将B位前驱液倒入A位前驱液混合加热搅拌,溶液先转变成溶胶再固化成凝胶;
(4)将凝胶在空气中陈化,然后干燥得到凝胶干粉;
(5)将凝胶干粉装入刚玉坩埚,在马弗炉中经煅烧合成后得到锆钛酸钡钙粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征是合成锆钛酸钡钙粉体的化学组成为:(1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3,其中x=0.1~0.9。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征是所述的A位前驱液中乙酸:蒸馏水的体积比为1:1~4:1;所述的B位前驱液中乙二醇乙醚:已酰丙酮的体积比为6:1~10:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征是所述加热搅拌方式为水浴加热搅拌,温度60~90℃,时间1~2小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征是所述凝胶陈化工艺参数为:温度为室温~80℃,时间6~24小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征是所述煅烧工艺参数为:温度800~1200℃,时间2~6小时。
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CN107324803A (zh) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 陕西师范大学 一种共沉淀制备锆钛酸钡钙无铅压电陶瓷材料的方法
CN107879750A (zh) * 2017-11-15 2018-04-06 武汉理工大学 一种利用微波辅助制备锆钛酸钡钙粉体的方法
CN108444965A (zh) * 2018-03-20 2018-08-24 哈尔滨工业大学 荧光光谱法测定压电材料结构相变的方法
CN109208066A (zh) * 2018-03-05 2019-01-15 苏州科技大学 铁电陶瓷类化合物的单晶制备方法
CN109650883A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2019-04-19 武汉理工大学 一种Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.3Ti0.7O3储能电介质细晶陶瓷的制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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CN107324803A (zh) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 陕西师范大学 一种共沉淀制备锆钛酸钡钙无铅压电陶瓷材料的方法
CN107879750A (zh) * 2017-11-15 2018-04-06 武汉理工大学 一种利用微波辅助制备锆钛酸钡钙粉体的方法
CN109208066A (zh) * 2018-03-05 2019-01-15 苏州科技大学 铁电陶瓷类化合物的单晶制备方法
CN109208066B (zh) * 2018-03-05 2021-03-12 苏州科技大学 铁电陶瓷类化合物的单晶制备方法
CN108444965A (zh) * 2018-03-20 2018-08-24 哈尔滨工业大学 荧光光谱法测定压电材料结构相变的方法
CN109650883A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2019-04-19 武汉理工大学 一种Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.3Ti0.7O3储能电介质细晶陶瓷的制备方法
CN109650883B (zh) * 2019-01-16 2021-08-24 武汉理工大学 一种Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.3Ti0.7O3储能电介质细晶陶瓷的制备方法

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