CN105494209A - Method for cage culture of bluefin tuna - Google Patents
Method for cage culture of bluefin tuna Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494209A CN105494209A CN201511027471.2A CN201511027471A CN105494209A CN 105494209 A CN105494209 A CN 105494209A CN 201511027471 A CN201511027471 A CN 201511027471A CN 105494209 A CN105494209 A CN 105494209A
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- bluefin tuna
- net cage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cage culture of bluefin tuna. The method for cage culture is low in investment, and the bluefin tuna obtained by culture is high in oil content and economic value. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selection of a mariculture area; (2) arrangement of cages and artificial fish reefs, to be specific, putting the artificial fish reefs, arranging a floating platform type frame, and hanging 8 to 14 cages around the floating platform type frame; (3) putting of fingerlings, to be specific, putting fingerlings of the bluefin tuna at a stocking density of 0.2 to 0.8 fingerling/m<3>; (4) feeding of a feed, to be specific, carrying out periodical starvation and then feeding, to be specific, carrying out starvation for 2 days, and then refeeding for 2 days at 2 to 5 pm, wherein a mixed feed is used in the feeding process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method, be specifically related to a kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna.Belong to aquaculture of aquatic animal technical field.
Background technology
Bluefin tuna is fingerling largest in Tuna--like Fishes, and long general 1 ~ 3 meter of body, large person reaches more than 3 meters, and average weight is 200 ~ 400 kilograms.Bluefin tuna is the slowest tuna kind of growth rate, and the life-span reaches 20 years or more, and the bluefin tuna taste of higher fatty acid phase is best, and price is the highest, is mainly applicable to high-grade raw fish.But just because of the commercial value of its uniqueness, the bluefin tuna in the whole world is excessively captured, and excessive fishing problem is serious, is only difficult to be continuous by natural fishing for.Be no matter consider from the demand of delicious food or the continuity of species, all need a kind of bluefin tuna cultural method reliably at present badly.
In the North Atlantic Ocean coastwise contries such as the U.S., Canada and the Mediterranean various countries such as Spain, Morocco, the commercial running of tuna cultivation all adopts carries out from catching Large scale individual in the sea the method that the short time stores up.Comparatively speaking, Japanese Science Society is near the spawning ground of bluefin tuna Pacific Ocean population---and the Eastern China seas of TaiWan, China, the most migration of prelarva is littoral to Japan, so Japan mainly adopts and catches small individual and carry out raising until reach commercial specification.But the tuna artificial seed of Japan does not also reach batch sizes, the seed of cultivation still relies on the natural seedling catching migration.Between this kind of juvenile fish annual 7 ~ October, migration is littoral to Japan, becomes the fished species of set net or rope lug fishery.
In order to increase fat content, bluefin tuna can be placed in net cage and cultivate a period of time, thus improves the fat content in the flesh of fish, satisfies the demands of consumers, the commercial value that final acquisition is good.Tuna is generally fished in summer (mainly in July), is then placed in net cage.After putting about 6 months in a suitable place to breed, sell during the tuna raw fish consumption peak that the year end is Japanese by the time, like this can with good sell at competitive.The tuna cultivated in net cage generally can increase weight about 5%.The fat content of cultivation bluefin tuna is high, be applicable to very much doing Sushi, and price is fine.Therefore, the cultivation development of international bluefin tuna is very fast.The higher natural price of fat content is just higher, and the fat content how controlling cage culture raising bluefin tuna is an inevitable problem.
The very important problem of another one is, bluefin tuna cultivation is a rather expensive investment, because the appetite of tuna is as same bottomless pit, a tuna is often grown up 1 kilogram the fish meal about needing 25 kilograms.Every day must using the catfish of 30 to 40 tons and sardine as feed feeding tuna, and this just looks like every day 3 to 4 ten thousand dollars are thrown in the sea.And can be recompensed and also can only leave it to chance.And propagating artificially of current bluefin tuna is still immature, to throw something and feed etc. all lack corresponding scientific basis to its reasonable cultivation density, rationally, cultivation density is excessive, throwing something and feeding too much to cause water pollution, and the very few growth that inhibit fish self of throwing something and feeding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, to provide a kind of method of cage culture bluefin tuna.This cultural method drops into low, and the bluefin tuna fat content that cultivation obtains is high, and economic worth is high.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A method for cage culture bluefin tuna, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of mariculture area: select the region that trend is unimpeded, the depth of water 15 ~ 35m at ebb tide, the depth of water is no more than 50m at the incoming tide, seawater water temperature is 10 ~ 20 DEG C, salinity 20 ~ 27 ‰, transparency 1.2 ~ 1.5m, dissolved oxygen is greater than 7mg/L, and seawater velocity is 0.08 ~ 0.22m/s;
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood: throw in artificial fishing firewood, float platform type framework is set, and 8 ~ 14 net cages are hung around it, the etting of described net cage is the open type casing adopting metal mesh sheet to be seamed into, long 10 ~ the 18m of net cage body, wide 10 ~ 18m, high 12 ~ 20m, net cage is apart from bank more than 200m;
(3) fingerling is thrown in: throw in bluefin tuna fingerling, stocking density is 0.2 ~ 0.8 tail/cubic meter;
(4) feedstuff feeding: carry out periodical starvation and throw something and feed again, i.e. hunger 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, when Feeding time is afternoon 2 ~ 5, manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is 20 ~ 30kg/ net cage, described manufactured feed is made up of the component of following weight portion: fish meal 1 ~ 10 part, dregs of beans 6 ~ 10 parts, corn flour 5 ~ 15 parts, lysine 0.5 ~ 1.8 part, methionine 0.6 ~ 0.9 part, vitamin A 0.3 ~ 1.2 part, vitamin C 0.4 ~ 1.1 part, vitamin E 0.2 ~ 0.8 part, 3 ~ 6 parts, freshwater mussel powder.
In described step (1), seawater velocity is preferably 0.2m/s.
In described step (2), artificial fishing firewood builds with stone, and simulation hole groove and rock seam, for attracting catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to perch, as the natural bait of bluefin tuna.
In described step (2), the main body of float platform type framework is steel, and shape is octagon, and its external diameter of a circle is 50m.
Metal mesh sheet in described step (2) is made up of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy.
In described step (2), etting scribbles algaecide, the coated weight of algaecide is 100 ~ 125g/m
2, described algaecide is made up of the component of following weight portion: 1 part of tributyltin oxide, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of pitches.
In described step (2), net cage is rotary type, and half is in water, and half in atmosphere, makes algae cannot apposition growth; Put in net cage and scrape feeding fish.
Described feeding fish of scraping comprises grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala.
In described step (2), net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and its mesh is followed successively by 30 ~ 60mm, 15 ~ 25mm, 6 ~ 9mm.
In described step (3), throw in respectively in large, medium and small type net cage according to fingerling size, net cage can not be overflowed for standard with fingerling.
In described step (4), the preparation method of manufactured feed is, takes each component of formula ratio, mixes.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) no matter select the sea area being applicable to bluefin tuna growth, be the seawater depth of water, water temperature, or the salinity of seawater, transparency etc. are all conducive to the quick growth of bluefin tuna.
(2) net cage of the present invention adopts metal etting, and intensity is high, and wind wave resistance is strong, and be not out of shape because of water currents, drainability is good; Not easily adhere to, reduce and scrub number of times, be convenient to management; The destruction of harmful animal birds and beasts can be prevented, the predacious fish that lips and teeth are hard can be cultivated; Service life longer (particularly titanium silk, stainless steel, steel alloy etting).
(3) artificial fishing firewood can attract some natural baits, and eat for the bluefin tuna in net cage, the existence of these natural baits also saves cost of investment greatly.
(4) net cage of different model is set, to adapt to the growth of different size fingerling.
(5) control stocking density, under the prerequisite increasing stocking density as far as possible, ensure the growing space of each individuality.
(6) prepare special feed to raise, ensure nutrition, promote the growth of bluefin tuna.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated, should be noted that following explanation is only to explain the present invention, not limiting its content.
Embodiment 1:
The method of a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of mariculture area: select the region that trend is unimpeded, the depth of water is about 15m at ebb tide, and the depth of water is about 45m at the incoming tide, and seawater water temperature is about 10 DEG C, salinity 20 ‰, transparency 1.2m, and dissolved oxygen is 8mg/L, and seawater velocity is 0.2m/s;
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood: throw in artificial fishing firewood, artificial fishing firewood builds with stone, and simulation hole groove and rock seam, for attracting catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to perch, as the natural bait of bluefin tuna; Float platform type framework is set, the main body of float platform type framework is steel, shape is octagon, its external diameter of a circle is 50m, and around float platform type framework extension 8 net cages, the open type casing that the etting of net cage adopts metal mesh sheet (being made up of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy) to be seamed into, the long 10m of net cage body, wide 10m, high 12m, net cage is apart from bank 220m; Etting scribbles algaecide, and the coated weight of algaecide is 100g/m
2, every 100g algaecide is made up of following component: 20g tributyltin oxide, 40g calcium carbonate, 40g pitch; Net cage is rotary type, and half is in water, and half in atmosphere, makes algae cannot apposition growth; Put in net cage and scrape feeding fish, comprise grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala etc.; Net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and its mesh is followed successively by 30mm, 15mm, 6mm;
(3) fingerling is thrown in: throw in bluefin tuna fingerling, throw in respectively in large, medium and small type net cage according to fingerling size, can not overflow net cage for standard with fingerling, stocking density is 0.2 tail/cubic meter;
(4) feedstuff feeding: carry out periodical starvation and throw something and feed again, i.e. hunger 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, when Feeding time is afternoon 2 ~ 5, manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is 20kg/ net cage, manufactured feed is made up of several unit content, each unit content composed as follows: fish meal 1g, dregs of beans 6g, corn flour 5g, lysine 0.5g, methionine 0.6g, vitamin A 0.3g, vitamin C 0.4g, vitamin E 0.2g, freshwater mussel powder 3g; The preparation method of manufactured feed is, takes each component of formula ratio, mixes.
Embodiment 2:
The method of a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of mariculture area: select the region that trend is unimpeded, depth of water 35m at ebb tide, at the incoming tide depth of water 50m, seawater water temperature is 20 DEG C, salinity 27 ‰, transparency 1.5m, dissolved oxygen 9mg/L, and seawater velocity is 0.08m/s;
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood: throw in artificial fishing firewood, artificial fishing firewood builds with stone, and simulation hole groove and rock seam, for attracting catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to perch, as the natural bait of bluefin tuna; Float platform type framework is set, the main body of float platform type framework is steel, shape is octagon, its external diameter of a circle is 50m, and around float platform type framework extension 14 net cages, the open type casing that the etting of net cage adopts metal mesh sheet (being made up of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy) to be seamed into, the long 18m of net cage body, wide 18m, high 20m, net cage is apart from bank 300m; Etting scribbles algaecide, and the coated weight of algaecide is 125g/m
2, every 100g algaecide is made up of following component: 20g tributyltin oxide, 40g calcium carbonate, 40g pitch; Net cage is rotary type, and half is in water, and half in atmosphere, makes algae cannot apposition growth; Put in net cage and scrape feeding fish, comprise grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala etc.; Net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and its mesh is followed successively by 60mm, 25mm, 9mm;
(3) fingerling is thrown in: throw in bluefin tuna fingerling, throw in respectively in large, medium and small type net cage according to fingerling size, can not overflow net cage for standard with fingerling, stocking density is 0.8 tail/cubic meter;
(4) feedstuff feeding: carry out periodical starvation and throw something and feed again, i.e. hunger 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, when Feeding time is afternoon 2 ~ 5, manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is 30kg/ net cage, manufactured feed is made up of several unit content, each unit content composed as follows: fish meal 10g, dregs of beans 10g, corn flour 15g, lysine 1.8g, methionine 0.9g, retinol1 .2g, vitamin C 1.1g, vitamin E 0.8g, freshwater mussel powder 6g; The preparation method of manufactured feed is, takes each component of formula ratio, mixes.
Embodiment 3:
The method of a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of mariculture area: select the region that trend is unimpeded, depth of water 20m at ebb tide, at the incoming tide depth of water 35m, seawater water temperature is 15 DEG C, salinity 25 ‰, transparency 1.3m, dissolved oxygen 8mg/L, and seawater velocity is 0.22m/s;
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood: throw in artificial fishing firewood, artificial fishing firewood builds with stone, and simulation hole groove and rock seam, for attracting catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to perch, as the natural bait of bluefin tuna; Float platform type framework is set, the main body of float platform type framework is steel, shape is octagon, its external diameter of a circle is 50m, and around float platform type framework extension 10 net cages, the open type casing that the etting of net cage adopts metal mesh sheet (being made up of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy) to be seamed into, the long 15m of net cage body, wide 15m, high 15m, net cage is apart from bank 300m; Etting scribbles algaecide, and the coated weight of algaecide is 110g/m
2, every 100g algaecide is made up of following component: 20g tributyltin oxide, 40g calcium carbonate, 40g pitch; Net cage is rotary type, and half is in water, and half in atmosphere, makes algae cannot apposition growth; Put in net cage and scrape feeding fish, comprise grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala etc.; Net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and its mesh is followed successively by 45mm, 20mm, 8mm;
(3) fingerling is thrown in: throw in bluefin tuna fingerling, throw in respectively in large, medium and small type net cage according to fingerling size, can not overflow net cage for standard with fingerling, stocking density is 0.5 tail/cubic meter;
(4) feedstuff feeding: carry out periodical starvation and throw something and feed again, i.e. hunger 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, when Feeding time is afternoon 2 ~ 5, manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is 25kg/ net cage, manufactured feed is made up of several unit content, each unit content composed as follows: fish meal 5g, dregs of beans 8g, corn flour 10g, lysine 1g, methionine 0.8g, vitamin A 0.9g, vitamin C 0.6g, vitamin E 0.7g, freshwater mussel powder 5g; The preparation method of manufactured feed is, takes each component of formula ratio, mixes.
Comparative example:
A method for cage culture bluefin tuna, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of mariculture area: select the region that trend is unimpeded, depth of water 40m at ebb tide, at the incoming tide depth of water 60m, seawater water temperature is 25 DEG C, salinity 15 ‰, transparency 1m, dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, and seawater velocity is 0.3m/s;
(2) net cage arranges same embodiment 1, but does not throw in artificial fishing firewood;
(3) fingerling is thrown in: throw in bluefin tuna fingerling, stocking density is 1 tail/cubic meter;
(4) feedstuff feeding: carry out periodical starvation and throw something and feed, i.e. hunger 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, when Feeding time is afternoon 2 ~ 5, catfish of throwing something and feeding, sardine, squid or shell-fish, feeding volume is about 50kg/ net cage.
(average body of fingerling is long is 30cm to carry out bluefin tuna respectively according to the method for embodiment 1 ~ 3 and comparative example, average weight is 20kg) cultivation, culturing time is 6 months, measure after 6 months that the average body that institute cultivates bluefin tuna is grown, average weight and abdominal fat content (measuring according to determination of fat method in " meat quail total lipid content mensuration " version in 2008) respectively, result of the test is as shown in table 1, and data are wherein the measurement result after 6 months.
Table 1. cultivates the basal conditions of bluefin tuna after 6 months
As can be seen from Table 1, the bluefin tuna cultivated by the method for embodiment 1 ~ 3 is that average body is long, average weight or abdominal fat content is all much better than comparative example, and eliminate in comparative example directly use catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to throw something and feed and cause with high investment, only can obtain the bluefin tuna of high-quality with the formula feed of cheapness, high financial profit.
Although above-mentioned, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but not limiting the scope of the invention; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for cage culture bluefin tuna, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of mariculture area: select the region that trend is unimpeded, the depth of water 15 ~ 35m at ebb tide, the depth of water is no more than 50m at the incoming tide, seawater water temperature is 10 ~ 20 DEG C, salinity 20 ~ 27 ‰, transparency 1.2 ~ 1.5m, dissolved oxygen is greater than 7mg/L, and seawater velocity is 0.08 ~ 0.22m/s;
(2) setting of net cage and artificial fishing firewood: throw in artificial fishing firewood, float platform type framework is set, and 8 ~ 14 net cages are hung around it, the etting of described net cage is the open type casing adopting metal mesh sheet to be seamed into, long 10 ~ the 18m of net cage body, wide 10 ~ 18m, high 12 ~ 20m, net cage is apart from bank more than 200m;
(3) fingerling is thrown in: throw in bluefin tuna fingerling, stocking density is 0.2 ~ 0.8 tail/cubic meter;
(4) feedstuff feeding: carry out periodical starvation and throw something and feed again, i.e. hunger 2 days, then refeeding 2 days, when Feeding time is afternoon 2 ~ 5, manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is 20 ~ 30kg/ net cage, described manufactured feed is made up of the component of following weight portion: fish meal 1 ~ 10 part, dregs of beans 6 ~ 10 parts, corn flour 5 ~ 15 parts, lysine 0.5 ~ 1.8 part, methionine 0.6 ~ 0.9 part, vitamin A 0.3 ~ 1.2 part, vitamin C 0.4 ~ 1.1 part, vitamin E 0.2 ~ 0.8 part, 3 ~ 6 parts, freshwater mussel powder.
2. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), seawater velocity is 0.2m/s.
3. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), artificial fishing firewood builds with stone, simulation hole groove and rock seam, for attracting catfish, sardine, squid or shell-fish to perch, as the natural bait of bluefin tuna.
4. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the main body of float platform type framework is steel, and shape is octagon, and its external diameter of a circle is 50m.
5. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the metal mesh sheet in described step (2) is made up of titanium silk, stainless steel or steel alloy.
6. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), etting scribbles algaecide, and the coated weight of algaecide is 100 ~ 125g/m
2, described algaecide is made up of the component of following weight portion: 1 part of tributyltin oxide, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of pitches.
7. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), net cage is rotary type, and half is in water, and half in atmosphere, makes algae cannot apposition growth; Put in net cage and scrape feeding fish.
8. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described in scrape feeding fish and comprise grey mullet, stone porgy class, Tilapia mossambica, megalobrama amblycephala.
9. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), net cage is divided into large, medium and small type net cage, and its mesh is followed successively by 30 ~ 60mm, 15 ~ 25mm, 6 ~ 9mm.
10. the method for a kind of cage culture bluefin tuna according to claim 9, is characterized in that, in described step (3), throws in respectively in large, medium and small type net cage, can not overflow net cage for standard with fingerling according to fingerling size.
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| CN108684582A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-23 | 集美大学 | A method of Bostrichthys sinensis being grown using iron cage on the beach |
| CN109197686A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method |
| CN112841102A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-05-28 | 李敬荣 | Be applicable to tuna aquaculture net case |
| CN114946711A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-08-30 | 三亚热带水产研究院 | Method for culturing tunas in deep water net cages |
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| CN106973838A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-25 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院（海南省海洋开发规划设计研究院） | A kind of limitation of cage culture egg-shaped pompano throws feeding method |
| CN106973838B (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2020-04-07 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院（海南省海洋开发规划设计研究院） | Limited feeding method for cage culture of trachinotus ovatus |
| CN108684582A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-23 | 集美大学 | A method of Bostrichthys sinensis being grown using iron cage on the beach |
| CN109197686A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method |
| CN112841102A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-05-28 | 李敬荣 | Be applicable to tuna aquaculture net case |
| CN114946711A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-08-30 | 三亚热带水产研究院 | Method for culturing tunas in deep water net cages |
| CN114946711B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-08-18 | 三亚热带水产研究院 | Deep-water cage culture method for tuna with yellow fins |
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| CN105494209B (en) | 2018-05-18 |
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