CN109197686A - A kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method - Google Patents

A kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109197686A
CN109197686A CN201810920186.0A CN201810920186A CN109197686A CN 109197686 A CN109197686 A CN 109197686A CN 201810920186 A CN201810920186 A CN 201810920186A CN 109197686 A CN109197686 A CN 109197686A
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China
Prior art keywords
fish
cultivation
water
yellowtail
cage
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐永江
柳学周
吕伟
史宝
王滨
姜燕
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Dalian Fugu Food Co Ltd
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Dalian Fugu Food Co Ltd
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Priority to CN201810920186.0A priority Critical patent/CN109197686A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural methods, belong to mariculture technology field, and the method includes the cultivation of marine current -resistance submerged cage, extra large land relay transhipment and the overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water system；Mainly carry out yellow Yellowtail in the way of current -resistance submerged cage and continental rise industrial circulating water system relay cultivation to cultivate, it effectively solves the problems, such as to cultivate the death of fish eustress during the intermediate haulage of extra large land, it realizes the anniversary growth and quickly listing of yellow Yellowtail cultivation, while combining and feeding the purpose that strategy realizes cultivation marketable fish meat quality regulation by adjusting bait.

Description

A kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method
Technical field
The invention belongs to mariculture technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method.
Background technique
China's sea fishery enters the new period of transition and upgrade development, conserves coastal water fishery resource, greatly develops far-reaching The Novel cultivations production methods such as sea cultivation become the theme that new period sea fishery turns mode tune structure.In recent years, deep water is anti- The deep off-lying sea cultivation platform developments such as stormy waves net cage, cultivation work ship are rapid, stride forward for China's sea-farming to far-reaching sea and provide dress Standby support.
Huang Yellowtail is a kind of ocean property economic fish that global waters is widely distributed, and China coast is distributed.Huang Yellowtail Figure is big, and it is the first-class food materials for making raw fish, quality and nutrition that rapidly with growth, full of nutrition, economic value is high for swimming It is worth match in excellence or beauty tuna and salmon, domestic and international market consumption demand is vigorous.Culture experiment proves, Huang Yellowtail particularly suitable for Current -resistance submerged cage cultivation, can provide excellent breed variety for the development of the novel production models such as China's depth off-lying sea cultivation, open Hair has a extensive future.But in China Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea because water temperature in winter is low and the duration is long, cultivation Huang Yellowtail can not be It is overwintering to need to be transported to continental rise industrial aquaculture workshop for overwintering in marine net cage.Overwintering period, have up to 7 months when Between be in hypothermic phase, even cultivation fish does not grow negative growth, cause that a Huang Yellowtail forms cycle stretch-out and list marketing lags, To improve cost and reduce culture efficiency, it is unfavorable for the development of aquaculture.In addition, yellow Yellowtail travelling speed it is fast, stress Property it is strong, be easy to be caused by handing stress in transportational process stress dead (death rate is up to 30% or more), also become from sea The upper net cage technical problem urgently to be resolved into continental rise workshop transport process.
Summary of the invention
It is mainly sharp the present invention provides a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method in order to solve above-mentioned technical problem Carry out yellow Yellowtail with the mode of current -resistance submerged cage and the system relay of continental rise industrial circulating water to cultivate, effectively solution Hai Lu The problem that the death of fish eustress is cultivated during intermediate haulage realizes the anniversary growth and quickly listing of yellow Yellowtail cultivation, simultaneously By adjusting bait combination and feeding the purpose of strategy realization cultivation marketable fish meat quality regulation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method,
The method includes the cultivation of marine current -resistance submerged cage, extra large land relay transhipment and continental rise industrial circulating water systems It unites overwintering child care；
1) marine current -resistance submerged cage cultivation
Marine current -resistance submerged cage cultivation, which refers to, cultivates Huang Yellowtail using current -resistance submerged cage, it includes cultivation ground Select selection, cage size selection, net cage setting, seed selection with put in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density adjust, formulation bait combine and feed Strategy and aquaculture management；
The cultivation place selection refers to that selection is suitable for the far-reaching saline waters for launching current -resistance submerged cage；
Further, the cultivation place selects selection criteria for the offshore far from 3 nautical miles of bank base or more, depth of water 15m or more Half is open or exposed waters, seafloor terrain are flat, stormy waves is smaller, trend is unimpeded, and it is excellent that seawater velocity is less than 1m/s, condition of water quality Good sea area；
The cage size selection refers to that selection is suitable in the big of the far-reaching extra large large-sized deep water wind wave-resisting net casing launched Small, shape, structure；
Further, it is plastics or metal structure that the selection criteria of the cage size, which is net cage, round or rectangular；It is rectangular Net cage size is 10m × 10m × 8m；Round net cage is HDPE plastic material, perimeter 50m or more.
The described net cage setting include net cage layout with combine, parallel combination is arranged again after Square Net-cage series connection, favorably The water body flow between net cage combinative stability and net cage；Circular net packing list body is distributed according to certain distance；Anchoring uses single-point system anchor Pool method；Net cage, which lays area, need to be equipped with operating platform；
The seed selects and puts in a suitable place to breed, refers to the cultivation source of yellow Yellowtail seed, seed size and puts condition in a suitable place to breed；
Further, the seed source is the seed of the wild seed fished or artificial culture；
Further, the seed size, which reaches 7-10cm just, can be invested in current -resistance submerged cage cultivation；
Further, the condition of putting in a suitable place to breed, which refers to, can launch seed when sea area water temperature is up to 15 DEG C or more, and launch seedling Strong wind or rain and fog weather should be avoided when kind.
The cultivation density adjusts the adjustment for referring to and carrying out density in breeding process according to the growing state of cultivation fish；
Further, when the cultivation density is adjusted to seed overall length 10-15cm, 12 tails of cultivation density/m3, overall length 20- When 30cm, density can be adjusted to 5-7 tail/m3, when overall length 35cm or more, adjustment density is 3-5 tail/m3；
It, should be according to growing state, the weather condition for cultivating fish during the bait feeding strategy refers to cage culture The mode and quantity of bait feeding are adjusted；
Further, bait is generally chilled trash fish or mixed feed；Early stage is cultivated in seed, chilled fish meal should be used To improve cultivation survival rate, promote fast-growth, grown according to seed, chilled fish meal is gradually converted to fish section, whole by minced fillet Fish feeds；At water temperature appropriate stage (20-26 DEG C), chilled fish day feeds the 8%-12% that rate is fish body weight or mixed feed is 5-7% reduces feeding volume in the megathermal period as the growth of fish is adjusted to chilled fish 6-8% or mixed feed gradually as 3-5% 60-80% or stopping feed；It keeps thering is 1 day not feed bait in one week in breeding process, is compensated using hungry metabolism Principle regulate and control healthy growth；The bait feeding time is morning and afternoon, and feeding method is that a small amount of multiple, fixed point is fed；Cultivation In the process, it forms different bait combinations using sand lance, silk floss Blenniidae class, chub mackerel Spanish mackerel to carry out selecting to feed, and accordingly adjustment is fed Frequency is measured and fed, fish tissue fat content is cultivated with regulation, to achieve the purpose that form the regulation of fish products matter；
The aquaculture management includes that net cage is maked an inspection tour, cultivation fish health assessment and specification sort；
Further, net cage tour refers to checks whether the etting of net cage has breakage daily in breeding process, cultivate Whether fish swimming behavior is abnormal, whether has cultivation fish escape or dead；
Further, the cultivation fish health assessment refers to that periodic detection cultivation fish growth swashs during cage culture Element, cortisol and Blood Physiological Indexes make assessment to cultivation fish health status in time, and are managed arrange on this basis Apply adjustment；Meanwhile liver protectant and multi-vitamins are periodically used in breeding process, enhancing cultivation fish immunity；
Further, specification sorting refers to that Individual Size difference is increasingly with the growth of cultivation fish in breeding process Obviously, it needs to carry out size sorting using the separating sieve of different size mesh to the fish of different size, be put in different net cages It cultivates respectively.
2) extra large land relay transhipment
Extra large land relay transhipment refers to when ocean temperature is reduced to 18 DEG C, is in time transported to cultivation fish from marine net cage The overwintering child care in land based plant circulating water cultivation workshop, transport process include that extra large land relay is selected to transport facility, intermediate haulage side The step of method, environment adaptation and keep-alive；
The selection sea land relay transhipment facility includes selection ship, dress fish device, surface vehicle；
Further, the ship is fishing boat, 10-12 horsepowers of power, can load fish device；
The dress fish device is canvas bucket, rectangular, volume 1m3, steelframe support, side is far from having one at the 10cm of top Round apopore；
The intermediate haulage method is specially to hang fish gathering after aquaculture net cage hauling using the machinery of installation aboard ship Arm adds the capture string bag or dredger that fish is put into canvas bucket, different according to fish specification, puts fish quantity difference, overall length 20-30cm Fish to place density be 300 tails/bucket, it is 100 tails/bucket that the fish of overall length 30-40cm, which places density, and the fish of overall length 40cm or more is put Setting density is 20 tails/bucket；Flowing water in bucket is kept in transportational process, and is oxygenated, and haulage time controls the transportation survival rate in 3h Up to 98% or more；After ship pulls in shore, canvas bucket is integrally sling using the hoisting apparatus being fixed on the bank, is placed in land transportation On vehicle, transport to cultivating workshop；
The environment adapts to refer to the seawater that the water in canvas bucket is aquaculture sea area with keep-alive, and cultivation fish is transferred to room After interior cement pit, water temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C 1-2 days, does not feed, and row is fed again after cultivating fish swimming normally；Meanwhile cultivation water Temperature is slowly promoted to 20 DEG C of child care；
3) the overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water
The overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water refers to that carrying out a Huang Yellowtail using indoor industrially circulating water culture system gets over The process of winter keep-alive and lasting cultivation growth, including circulating water culture system facility condition, cultivating system prepare, cultivating condition The step of control, cultivation density adjusting, bait feeding strategy and aquaculture management；
The circulating water culture system facility condition includes water circulation system and aquaculture pond.Water circulation system includes micro- Filter, water pump, protein separator, biofilter, temperature equipment, oxygen increasing equipment, ultraviolet disinfection equipment；Aquaculture pond be it is round or Hexagonal brick mixing cement structure, breeding water body 50-100m3, pond depth 2-2.5m；
The cultivating system preparation refers in cultivation fish transfer first 1 month beginning no-load running circulating water cultivation of disembarkation System promotes circulating water culture system respectively to form partial fusion, adjusts condition of water quality in circulating water culture system and reaches best shape State；
The cultivating condition control refers to that the water quality parameter of regulation circulating water culture system reaches most preferably, including water temperature, Condition of water quality including dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, 18-20 DEG C of water temperature, dissolved oxygen is greater than 8mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1mg/ L, nitrite are less than 0.2mg/L；
The cultivation density adjusting is control cultivation density in 15kg/m3；
The bait feeding strategy refer to industrial circulating water cultivating during food species, feeding volume and the side of feeding Method, the bait used are stemness mixed feed, and feeding volume, according to the 1-3% of weight, can be adopted according to cultivation water condition when feeding The mode fed with fixed point, respectively feeds once in the morning and afternoon；It is foundation of being satiated with food to observe that feed sinks to cultivation bottom of pond portion； It is fixed with weekly during overwintering child care and keeps within one day not feeding；
The aquaculture management includes Fish Swimming Traces behavior observation, health assessment, the step for changing water regulation, information system management Suddenly；
Further, the Fish Swimming Traces behavior observation refers to every morning, afternoon, answers periodical inspection aquaculture pond at night, Whether there is or not fish travelling abnormal conditions occurs for observation；
Further, the health assessment refers to that periodic detection cultivation fish includes growth hormone, cortisol and blood physiology Index, periodical evaluation cultivate fish health status, periodically add the battalion such as liver protectant, multi-vitamins in bait in breeding process Support agent, enhancing cultivation fish immunity；
Further, the water that changes regulates and controls the case where referring to according to cultivation fish growth metabolism or ingesting, real-time monitoring cultivation Pool inner water exchange capacity promotes cultivation growth；
Further, the information system management refers to observes water quality in aquaculture pond using online water quality monitoring system in real time Parameters variation situation and Fish Swimming Traces situation.
The present invention compared with prior art the utility model has the advantages that
(1) the present invention provides a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method, overcoming Huang Yellowtail can not at sea net cage The defect of interior overwintering, while can realize the continued propagation of cultivation fish overwintering period indoors, it will be 2 under traditional cultural method Marketable fish weight (reaching 3kg/ tail specification) in Annual growth cycle promotes 1 times or more (reaching 6kg/ tail or more), greatly improves Breeding efficiency and yield.
(2) a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method provided by the invention, in extra large land, transhipment link is grasped using mechanization The combination measures such as work, canvas bucket flowing water inflation transport, density domination, effectively reduce the transport operation stress of cultivation fish, Hai Lu Survival rate is transported up to 98% or more.
(3) a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method provided by the invention is different under different breeding mode by adjusting The combination of bait and strategy is fed, can reach the purpose of cultivation fish tissue fat content regulation, to promote cultivation commodity fish products Matter.
Detailed description of the invention
The yellow sea Yellowtail current -resistance submerged cage cultivation of Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 Huang Yellowtail continental rise industrial circulating water cultivating；
The yellow sea Yellowtail land relay of Fig. 3 cultivates growth curve.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further explained below by embodiment combination attached drawing, but guarantor of the invention Shield range is not limited in any form by embodiment.
Embodiment: the yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural technique.
2015-2017, in Dalian, Fu Gu Food Co., Ltd has carried out the yellow sea Yellowtail land relay culture experiment, mainly Including 3 steps such as the cultivation of marine current -resistance submerged cage, extra large land relay transhipment, the overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water system Suddenly.
1, marine current -resistance submerged cage cultivation, it includes that cultivation place selects, cage size and setting, seed select With put in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density is adjusted, bait combine and feeds tactful, aquaculture management；
Cultivation place selects: aquaculture sea area is nine king island sea area of Zhuanghe City of Daliang City of Liaoning Province.Three face ring of sea area Island, 10 nautical miles of offshore base, depth of water 17m, seafloor terrain is flat, stormy waves is smaller, trend can form circulation (seawater velocity about 0.5m/ S), condition of water quality is excellent, is suitble to launch large-sized deep water wind wave-resisting net casing, as shown in Figure 1.
Cage size: the net cage used is metal structure, rectangular (10m × 10m × 8m), along current direction, aquaculture net cage It is in parallel by two groups with floating-bridge type attachment device (long 5m, wide 2m) and operating platform (long 5m, wide 3m) again after every 10 one group of series connection Arrangement.Also can choose round net cage is HDPE plastic material, perimeter 50m or more.Circular net packing list body is according to certain distance point Cloth；Anchoring uses single-point system anchoring method.
Seed selects and puts in a suitable place to breed: with Huang Yellowtail seed to fish the fish wild seed from Yellow Sea, fishing the time is for cultivation In July, 2015, seed size are overall length 7-10cm, are invested in deep water wind and wave resistance net after the seed fished is carried out specification sub-sieve Cage breeding is grown, mesh diameter 2.5cm.20 DEG C of seawater water temperature when putting seed in a suitable place to breed.
Cultivation density is adjusted: the seed of overall length 7-10cm, according to 15 tails/m3It is put into cage culture, as cultivation growth is adjusted Whole density, when seed overall length reaches 10-15cm, cultivation density is adjusted to 12 tails/m3, when overall length reaches 20-30cm, adjust close Spend 6 tails/m3, when overall length reaches 35cm or more, adjustment density is 4 tails/m3。
Bait combines and feeds strategy: feeding bait is chilled sand lance.It, will be chilled when entering cage culture at the beginning of seed Trash fish is converted into minced fillet by pulper, as the growth of fish is when cultivation fish overall length reaches 15cm or more, using fish section, when complete When 20cm or more, fed with whole sand lance.At water temperature appropriate stage (20-26 DEG C), it is fish body that chilled fish day, which feeds rate, The 8%-10% of weight, suitably feeds mixed feed, and the rate that feeds is 5%.The 60-80% that feeding volume is reduced in the megathermal period, works as water temperature Stop feeding when up to 28 DEG C.The bait feeding time is morning and afternoon, morning 2-3 times, afternoon 1-2 times, at the edge of net cage Fixed point is fed.Generally keep having do not feed bait within 1 day in one week in breeding process.In breeding process, different bait groups is utilized It closes (sand lance, silk floss Blenniidae class, chub mackerel Spanish mackerel etc.) and feeds strategy (feeding volume is adjusted with frequency is fed), adjust cultivation fish tissue rouge Fat content is 9% or so, to regulate and control to form marketable fish meat quality best.
Aquaculture management: checking whether net cage damaged daily in breeding process, cultivation fish swimming behavior it is whether abnormal and whether There is situations such as dead fish；Every 15-20 days replacement ettings of growth in breeding process with fish, keep in net cage that water flow is unimpeded and net Clothing cleaning；In addition, with cultivation fish growth, individual difference is increasingly apparent, need the every 15-20 days fishes to different size into The sorting of row size, is put in different net cages and cultivates respectively.During cultivation, monthly detection is primary cultivates albonubes somatotropic hormone, cortex Alcohol, Blood Physiological Indexes etc. make assessment to cultivation fish health status in time, and are managed measure tune on this basis It is whole；Meanwhile the nutritional agents such as liver protectant, multi-vitamins are periodically added in breeding process in bait, enhancing cultivation fish is immune Power is improved health conditions.
2, extra large land relay transhipment
Cultivation fish is transported to land based plant from net cage when ocean temperature is reduced to 18 DEG C by late October, 2015 The overwintering child care in circulating water cultivation workshop.
The extra large land relay transhipment facility used includes ship, dress fish device, surface vehicle；Ship is fishing boat, 12 horse of power Power；Dress fish device is rectangular canvas bucket, volume 1m3, steelframe support, side is far from there is a round apopore at the 10cm of top.
By fish gathering after aquaculture net cage hauling, add the capture string bag or dredger by fish using the mechanical boom of installation aboard ship It is put into canvas bucket, it is different according to fish specification, fish quantity difference is put, it is 300 tails/bucket that the fish of overall length 20-30cm, which places density, 100 tails of fish/bucket of overall length 30-40cm, 20 tails of fish/bucket of 40cm or more.Bucket is kept using water pump extracting seawater in transportational process Interior flowing water, inflation, seawater haulage time are 1.5h, and transportation survival rate is up to 100%.After fishing boat pulls in shore, lifting on the bank is utilized Machine integrally slings canvas bucket, is placed on surface vehicle, transport to cultivating workshop, haulage time 1h, transportation survival rate 100%；Fish is transferred in cement aquaculture pond after reaching cultivating workshop using dredger by haulage vehicle.Cultivation fish is transferred to interior After cement pit, water temperature is kept for 18 DEG C 1-2 days, is not fed, and row is fed again after cultivating fish swimming normally；Meanwhile temperature of cultivation is slow Slowly 20 DEG C of child care are promoted to.
3, the overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water system
Continental rise industrial circulating water cultivating facility includes water circulation system, aquaculture pond etc., as shown in Fig. 2, water circulation system Including Microfilter, water pump, protein separator, biofilter, temperature equipment, oxygen increasing equipment, ultraviolet disinfection equipment；Aquaculture pond is Circular brick mixing cement structure, breeding water body 100m3, pond depth 2.5m, cultivation depth of water 2m.
Fish transfer first 1 month beginning no-load running industrial circulating water cultivating system of disembarkation is cultivated, promotion system respectively forms Partial fusion regulates and controls biofilter water transfer function, and condition of water quality reaches optimum state in regulating system.Cultivation water condition: water Warm 18-20 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is greater than 8mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1mg/L, and nitrite is less than 0.2mg/L.
Cultivation density is according to 15kg/m3It puts in a suitable place to breed.Used bait is matched during industrial circulating water system cultivates for stemness Feed is closed, feeding volume is the 1-3% of weight, and in such a way that fixed point is fed, morning 8:00 and 16:00 in afternoon are respectively fed once； It is foundation of being satiated with food to observe that feed sinks to cultivation bottom of pond portion；It is fixed on every Saturdays to keep not feeding during overwintering child care.
During the overwintering child care of industrial circulating water system, every morning, afternoon periodical inspection aquaculture pond is answered at night, observe Whether there is or not fish travelling abnormal conditions occurs；Every 15 days periodic detections cultivation albonubes somatotropic hormone, cortisol, Blood Physiological Indexes etc., Periodical evaluation cultivates fish health status, and the nutritional agents such as liver protectant, multi-vitamins are periodically added in bait in breeding process, Enhancing cultivation fish immunity；In breeding process, situations such as according to cultivation fish growth metabolism or ingesting, in real-time monitoring aquaculture pond Water exchange capacity promotes cultivation growth；Meanwhile water quality parameter in aquaculture pond is observed in real time using online water quality monitoring system and is changed Situation, Fish Swimming Traces situation etc..
4, result is cultivated
From in July, 2015 between in October, 2017, pass through " current -resistance submerged cage+industrial circulating water system " Hai Lu Relay breeding way, yellow Yellowtail seed reach 5-6kg/ tail (in October, 2017) from 30-50g/ tail (in July, 2015) growth, such as Shown in Fig. 3, fast growing is cultivated, and the control of muscle fat content is 9% or so, protein, amino acid, minerals equal size It is consistent with wild fish, show that the breeding way growth result of extra large land relay is good.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of Huang sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method, it is characterised in that the method includes marine current -resistance submerged cages to support It grows, extra large land relay transhipment and the overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water system；
1) marine current -resistance submerged cage cultivation
Marine current -resistance submerged cage cultivation, which refers to, cultivates Huang Yellowtail using current -resistance submerged cage, it includes clicking with cultivating Select, cage size selection, net cage setting, seed selection with put in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density adjust, bait combine and feed policy development and Aquaculture management；
The cultivation place selection refers to that selection is suitable for the far-reaching saline waters for launching current -resistance submerged cage；
The cage size selection refers to that selection is suitable for size, the shape for the large-sized deep water wind wave-resisting net casing launched in far-reaching sea Shape, structure；
The described net cage setting include net cage layout with combine, parallel combination is arranged again after Square Net-cage series connection, is conducive to net Water body flow between case combinative stability and net cage；Circular net packing list body is distributed according to certain distance；Anchoring uses anchoring side of single-point system Method；Net cage, which lays area, need to be equipped with operating platform；
The cultivation density adjusts the adjustment for referring to and carrying out density in breeding process according to the growing state of cultivation fish；
The bait, which combines and feeds policy development, to be referred to during cage culture, according to growing state, the day of cultivation fish Gas situation is adjusted the mode and quantity of bait feeding；
The aquaculture management includes that net cage is maked an inspection tour, cultivation fish health assessment and specification sort；
2) extra large land relay transhipment
Extra large land relay transhipment refers to when ocean temperature is reduced to 18 DEG C, and cultivation fish is transported to land work from marine net cage in time The overwintering child care in factory's circulating water cultivation workshop, transport process include that extra large land relay is selected to transport facility, intermediate haulage method, environment The step of adaptation and keep-alive；
The selection sea land relay transhipment facility includes selection ship, dress fish device, surface vehicle；
The dress fish device is canvas bucket, rectangular, volume 1m3, steelframe support, side at the 10cm of top far from having a circle to go out Water hole；
The intermediate haulage method refers to fish gathering after aquaculture net cage hauling, adds capture using the mechanical boom of installation aboard ship Fish is put into canvas bucket by the string bag or dredger,
The environment adapts to refer to the seawater that the water in canvas bucket is aquaculture sea area with keep-alive, and cultivation fish is transferred to indoor cement Chi Hou, water temperature are kept for 18 DEG C 1-2 days, not fed, and row is fed again after cultivating fish swimming normally；Meanwhile temperature of cultivation slowly mentions Rise to 20 DEG C of child care；
3) the overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water system
The overwintering child care of continental rise industrial circulating water, which refers to, carries out the Huang overwintering guarantor of Yellowtail using indoor industrially circulating water culture system Living and cultivation growth process, including the selection of circulating water culture system facility, cultivating system prepare, cultivating condition control, cultivation Auto-regulating System of Density of Heavy Medium, bait combination and the step of feeding policy development and aquaculture management；
The circulating water culture system facility selection includes water circulation system and aquaculture pond；
The cultivating system preparation, which refers to, shifts first 1 month beginning no-load running circulating water culture system of disembarkation in cultivation fish, Promote circulating water culture system respectively to form partial fusion, adjusts condition of water quality in circulating water culture system and reach optimum state；
The described cultivating condition control refers to that the water quality parameter of regulation circulating water culture system reaches most preferably, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, Condition of water quality including ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, 18-20 DEG C of water temperature, dissolved oxygen is greater than 8mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1mg/L, nitrous Hydrochlorate is less than 0.2mg/L；
The cultivation density adjusting is control cultivation density in 15kg/m3；
The bait combines and feeds food species, the feeding volume during policy development refers to continental rise industrial circulating water cultivating With feeding method, the bait used is stemness mixed feed, and feeding volume, according to the 1-3% of weight, is thrown according to cultivation water condition When feeding in such a way that fixed point is fed, the morning and afternoon are respectively fed once；It is satiated with food and feeds；
The aquaculture management includes the steps that Fish Swimming Traces behavior observation, health assessment, changes water regulation and information system management.
2. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the seed of Huang Yellowtail comes Source fishes kind or artificial culture to be wild；Stocking size 7-10cm can launch seed when sea area water temperature is up to 15 DEG C or more, And strong wind or rain and fog weather should be avoided when launching seed.
3. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that marine deep water wind and wave resistance When cultivation density described in when cage culture is adjusted to seed overall length 10-15cm, 12 tails of cultivation density/m3, overall length 20-30cm When, density can be adjusted to 5-7 tail/m3, when overall length 35cm or more, adjustment density is 3-5 tail/m3。
4. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bait combination It is to select chilled trash fish or mixed feed as bait with policy development is fed；Early stage is cultivated in seed, using chilled fish meal, It is grown according to seed, chilled fish meal is gradually converted to fish section by minced fillet, whole fish feeds；At 20-26 DEG C of water temperature, chilled fish day The rate of feeding be fish body weight 8%-12% or mixed feed be 5-7%, with the growth of fish gradually adjust chilled fish be 6-8% or Mixed feed is 3-5%, reduces the 60-80% of feeding volume in the megathermal period or stopping is fed；It is kept in breeding process in one week Have do not feed bait within 1 day；The bait feeding time is morning and afternoon, and feeding method is that a small amount of multiple, fixed point is fed；Breeding process In, select sand lance, silk floss Blenniidae class, chub mackerel Spanish mackerel to form different bait combinations, and accordingly adjust feeding volume and feed frequency, to adjust Control cultivation fish tissue fat content, to achieve the purpose that form the regulation of fish products matter.
5. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the net cage is maked an inspection tour Refer to and check whether the etting of net cage has breakage daily in the breeding process, whether cultivation fish swimming behavior is abnormal, whether have feeding Grow fish escape or dead fish；
The cultivation fish health assessment refers to periodic detection cultivation albonubes somatotropic hormone, cortisol and blood during cage culture Liquid physical signs makes assessment to cultivation fish health status in time, and is managed measure adjustment on this basis；Meanwhile it supporting Periodically using liver protectant and multi-vitamins, enhancing cultivation fish immunity during growing；
The described specification sorting refers to that Individual Size difference is increasingly apparent with the growth of cultivation fish in breeding process, needs pair The fish of different size carries out size sorting using the separating sieve of different size mesh, in cultivating respectively in different net cages.
6. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that transported in extra large land relay In the process, different according to fish specification, fish quantity difference is put, it is 300 tails/bucket, overall length 30- that the fish of overall length 20-30cm, which places density, It is 100 tails/bucket that the fish of 40cm, which places density, and it is 20 tails/bucket that the fish of overall length 40cm or more, which places density,；Bucket is kept in transportational process Interior flowing water, and be oxygenated, haulage time controls in 3h；After ship pulls in shore, using the hoisting apparatus being fixed on the bank by canvas Bucket is whole to be sling, and is placed on surface vehicle, transport to indoor industrially circulating water culture system.
7. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the health assessment Refer to that periodic detection cultivation albonubes somatotropic hormone, cortisol and Blood Physiological Indexes, periodical evaluation cultivate fish health status, cultivated Periodically nutritional agents of the addition including liver protectant and multi-vitamins in bait, enhancing cultivate fish immunity in journey.
8. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the continental rise batch production Water regulation of changing in the overwintering child care of circulation refers to according to cultivation fish growth metabolism or situation of ingesting, real-time monitoring aquaculture pond Interior water exchange capacity promotes cultivation growth.
9. a kind of yellow sea Yellowtail land relay cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the continental rise batch production Information system management in the overwintering child care of circulation refers to observes water quality in aquaculture pond using online water quality monitoring system in real time Parameters variation situation and Fish Swimming Traces situation.
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CN111897350A (en) * 2020-07-28 2020-11-06 谈斯聪 Underwater robot device, and underwater regulation and control management optimization system and method
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CN113080112A (en) * 2021-04-19 2021-07-09 宁德市富发水产有限公司 Keep-alive method for wild large yellow croaker

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