CN105493820A - Planting method for autumn Spinacia oleracea L. - Google Patents
Planting method for autumn Spinacia oleracea L. Download PDFInfo
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- CN105493820A CN105493820A CN201510877676.3A CN201510877676A CN105493820A CN 105493820 A CN105493820 A CN 105493820A CN 201510877676 A CN201510877676 A CN 201510877676A CN 105493820 A CN105493820 A CN 105493820A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for autumn Spinacia oleracea L.. The planting method includes the following steps of seed treatment; 2, soil preparation and sowing; 3, water and fertilizer application; 4, disease and pest prevention and control. After Spinacia oleracea L. seeds are specially treated, the quality of the seeds is improved, the survival rate of the seeds is increased, the stress resistance of the seeds is improved, the cold resistance and temperature resistance of the seeds are further enhanced, applied special fertilizer is prepared according to the growth characteristics of Spinacia oleracea L., increase of the yield of Spinacia oleracea L. can be promoted, and the nutritional value and taste of Spinacia oleracea L. can be improved. The yield of Spinacia oleracea L. cultivated through the method can be increased by 15% or above through reasonable matching of all the stages, the bottleneck of traditional planting is broken through, and high promotional value is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of planting, be specifically related to the implantation methods of a kind of autumn spinach.
Background technology
Spinach (SpinaciaoleraceaL.) has another name called Persian dish, red root vegetables, parrot dish etc., and originate in Iran, current China generally cultivates, and is one of extremely common vegetables.With blade and tender stem edible, main root is flourishing, and plant is shorter, and fleshy root is red, and the delicate succulence of fruit, taste is sweet edible, belongs to cold resistance vegetables, long-day plant.Containing vitamin A, Cobastab, vitamin C, vitamin D, carotin, protein, iron, phosphorus, oxalic acid etc. in spinach, nutriment is horn of plenty comparatively.Autumn, spinach was the general designation of the spinach to plantation in autumn, and most plantation family runs into the bottleneck that seed output and quality cannot continue to improve at present, constrains the development of autumn spinach plantation.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides the implantation methods of a kind of autumn spinach, improving from different phase, educate spinach seed output and quality hinge structure all have greatly improved.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Autumn spinach an implantation methods, comprise the steps:
(1) seed treatment:
1) seed disinfection: the healthy seed filtering out good appearance, full grains, under being put in sunlight, airing is after 2 ~ 3 days, then is put in Chinese herbal medicine fluid by it with gauze parcel, and heating keeps Chinese herbal medicine fluid temperature stabilization at 40 ~ 50 DEG C, takes out after placing 10 ~ 15min;
2) immersion treatment: after the seed after sterilization is taken out, then be put in and realize, in the nutrient solution for preparing, taking out after soak at room temperature 3 ~ 5h, and clean by clean water;
3) ultrasonic process: be put in ultrasonic processing instrument by the seed after cleaning, first use the low-frequency ultrasonic waves process 60 ~ 80s of 25 ~ 30KHz, then frequency is increased to 35 ~ 38KHz, takes out after process 10 ~ 15s;
4) intermittent warming: be put in refrigerator by the seed after ultrasonic process, after first refrigerating 5 ~ 8h under the condition of 3 ~ 8 DEG C, then by temperature increase to 10 ~ 15 DEG C, takes out after placing 4 ~ 6h;
5) vernalization process: be put in germinating box by the seed after intermittent warming with wet towel, keeps temperature to be 20 ~ 25 DEG C, vernalization 15 ~ 30h.
(2) sow wholely:
Select the loam fertile, preserve moisture and fertility, irrigation condition are good that loosens, during whole ground, mu executes the farmers' excrement 800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and plough shallowly into the flat furrow that 1.2 ~ 1.5m is wide, furrow length is advisable with 10 ~ 12m, seed after process is sowed with the amount of every mu of 5 ~ 8kg, after planting covers furrow face with rice straw;
(3) rich water applies:
After seedling grows true leaf, apply once to become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung, the liquid dung that once becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied again when growing 3 ~ 4 true leaves, and mu executes the spinach special fertilizer of 5 ~ 10kg, when seedling grows to 8 ~ 15cm height, every mu applies 40 ~ 50kg spinach special fertilizer, before gathering, 15 ~ 18 days mu executes 30 ~ 40kg spinach special fertilizer, all need after each fertilising to water once, on ordinary days take the circumstances into consideration to water according to soil moisture content, keep ground moistening;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest:
On ordinary days strengthen the control to downy mildew, anthracnose, damping off and aphid, Liriomyza insect pest.
Further, step (1) described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by weight and is boiled formed by 8 parts, rhizoma Gastrodiae, balloonflower root 5 parts, tarragon 10 parts, China tree cotyledon 12 parts and 4 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, 80 parts, water.
Further, step (1) described nutrient solution is formulated by following component, the percentage by weight of each component is: methyl jasmonate 40 ~ 60ppm, zinc-amino acid chelate 4 ~ 6ppm, amino acid chelated iron 5 ~ 8ppm, vitamin B6 2 ~ 3ppm, cobalamin 1 ~ 2ppm, vitamin C 10 ~ 15ppm, honey 0.5 ~ 0.8%, ferrous sulfate 25 ~ 30ppm, turpentine oil 0.2 ~ 0.5%, carbonic hydroammonium 10 ~ 15ppm, surplus is clear water, respective substance and water is puddled evenly to desired concn.
Further, step (3) described spinach special fertilizer is made up of the material of following weight portion:
5 ~ 15 parts of urea, 5 ~ 10 parts of carbonic hydroammonium, 15 ~ 25 parts of sodium nitrate, 15 ~ 25 parts of nitrate of lime, 15 ~ 20 parts of potassium fulvates, 8 ~ 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 8 ~ 10 parts of modified alta-muds, 1 ~ 2 part of amino-acid chelate, 1 ~ 2 part of zymophyte, 30 ~ 50 parts of straws, 20 ~ 40 portions of tankages, 2 ~ 3 portions of brown sugar.
Further, described modified alta-mud is first placed in by bentonite under 800 ~ 900 DEG C of conditions after roasting 15 ~ 20min, then improve temperature to 1300 ~ 1400 DEG C rapidly, then roasting 5 ~ 10min and obtaining.
Further, zinc-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated calcium, chelating amino acids manganese and chelating amino acids molybdenum is contained in described amino-acid chelate.
Further, described zymophyte is made up of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium function bacterium, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycete.
Further, the gross mass of described urea and carbonic hydroammonium and the total mass ratio of sodium nitrate and nitrate of lime control as 1:2 ~ 3.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: after the present invention first carries out special process to spinach seed, improve the quality of seed, improve survival rate and the anti-adversity of seed, it is cold-resistant, temperature resistance becomes ability and strengthens further, the special fertilizer applied is formulated according to the growth characteristics of spinach, the raising of spinach output can be promoted, its nutritive value and mouthfeel can be promoted again.The reasonable coordination in each stage make this method educate spinach output can improve more than 15% than conventional method, breach the bottleneck of tradition plantation, there is good promotional value.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Autumn spinach an implantation methods, comprise the steps:
(1) seed treatment:
1) seed disinfection: the healthy seed filtering out good appearance, full grains, under being put in sunlight, airing is after 3 days, then is put in Chinese herbal medicine fluid by it with gauze parcel, and heating keeps Chinese herbal medicine fluid temperature stabilization at 40 ~ 50 DEG C, takes out after placing 12min;
2) immersion treatment: after the seed after sterilization is taken out, then be put in and realize, in the nutrient solution for preparing, taking out after soak at room temperature 3h, and clean by clean water;
3) ultrasonic process: be put in ultrasonic processing instrument by the seed after cleaning, first use the low-frequency ultrasonic waves process 70s of 25 ~ 28KHz, then frequency is increased to 35 ~ 38KHz, takes out after process 10s;
4) intermittent warming: be put in refrigerator by the seed after ultrasonic process, after first refrigerating 8h under the condition of 3 ~ 8 DEG C, then by temperature increase to 10 ~ 15 DEG C, takes out after placing 4h;
5) vernalization process: be put in germinating box by the seed after intermittent warming with wet towel, keeps temperature to be 20 ~ 25 DEG C, vernalization 15h.
(2) sow wholely:
Select the loam fertile, preserve moisture and fertility, irrigation condition are good that loosens, during whole ground, mu executes the farmers' excrement 800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and plough shallowly into the flat furrow that 1.2 ~ 1.5m is wide, furrow length is advisable with 10 ~ 12m, seed after process is sowed with the amount of every mu of 6kg, after planting covers furrow face with rice straw;
(3) rich water applies:
After seedling grows true leaf, apply once to become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung, the liquid dung that once becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied again when growing 3 ~ 4 true leaves, and mu executes the spinach special fertilizer of 10kg, when seedling grows to 8 ~ 15cm height, every mu applies 40kg spinach special fertilizer, before gathering, 15 ~ 18 days mu executes 30kg spinach special fertilizer, all need after each fertilising to water once, on ordinary days take the circumstances into consideration to water according to soil moisture content, keep ground moistening;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest:
On ordinary days strengthen the control to downy mildew, anthracnose, damping off and aphid, Liriomyza insect pest.
Further, step (1) described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by weight and is boiled formed by 8 parts, rhizoma Gastrodiae, balloonflower root 5 parts, tarragon 10 parts, China tree cotyledon 12 parts and 4 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, 80 parts, water.
Further, step (1) described nutrient solution is formulated by following component, the percentage by weight of each component is: methyl jasmonate 40ppm, zinc-amino acid chelate 4ppm, amino acid chelated iron 5ppm, vitamin B6 3ppm, cobalamin 2ppm, vitamin C 15ppm, honey 0.8%, ferrous sulfate 25ppm, turpentine oil 0.5%, carbonic hydroammonium 15ppm, surplus is clear water, respective substance and water is puddled evenly to desired concn.
Further, step (3) described spinach special fertilizer is made up of the material of following weight portion:
10 parts of urea, 8 parts of carbonic hydroammonium, 18 parts of sodium nitrate, 20 parts of nitrate of lime, 18 parts of potassium fulvates, 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 10 parts of modified alta-muds, 1 part of amino-acid chelate, 2 parts of zymophytes, 35 parts of straws, 28 portions of tankages, 3 portions of brown sugar.
Further, described modified alta-mud is first placed in by bentonite under 800 ~ 900 DEG C of conditions after roasting 15 ~ 20min, then improve temperature to 1300 ~ 1400 DEG C rapidly, then roasting 5 ~ 10min and obtaining.
Further, zinc-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated calcium, chelating amino acids manganese and chelating amino acids molybdenum is contained in described amino-acid chelate.
Further, described zymophyte is made up of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium function bacterium, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycete.
Further, the gross mass of described urea and carbonic hydroammonium and the total mass ratio of sodium nitrate and nitrate of lime control as 1:2 ~ 3.
The autumn spinach per mu yield that method described in the present embodiment 1 is educated improves 16.8% than conventional method, and in spinach, iron content is corresponding improves 50 ~ 60%, and Vitamin C content improves 60 ~ 75%, and outward appearance and the mouthfeel of spinach are all improved.
Claims (8)
1. the autumn spinach an implantation methods, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) seed treatment:
1) seed disinfection: the healthy seed filtering out good appearance, full grains, under being put in sunlight, airing is after 2 ~ 3 days, then is put in Chinese herbal medicine fluid by it with gauze parcel, and heating keeps Chinese herbal medicine fluid temperature stabilization at 40 ~ 50 DEG C, takes out after placing 10 ~ 15min;
2) immersion treatment: after the seed after sterilization is taken out, then be put in and realize, in the nutrient solution for preparing, taking out after soak at room temperature 3 ~ 5h, and clean by clean water;
3) ultrasonic process: be put in ultrasonic processing instrument by the seed after cleaning, first use the low-frequency ultrasonic waves process 60 ~ 80s of 25 ~ 30KHz, then frequency is increased to 35 ~ 38KHz, takes out after process 10 ~ 15s;
4) intermittent warming: be put in refrigerator by the seed after ultrasonic process, after first refrigerating 5 ~ 8h under the condition of 3 ~ 8 DEG C, then by temperature increase to 10 ~ 15 DEG C, takes out after placing 4 ~ 6h;
5) vernalization process: be put in germinating box by the seed after intermittent warming with wet towel, keeps temperature to be 20 ~ 25 DEG C, vernalization 15 ~ 30h;
(2) sow wholely:
Select the loam fertile, preserve moisture and fertility, irrigation condition are good that loosens, during whole ground, mu executes the farmers' excrement 800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and plough shallowly into the flat furrow that 1.2 ~ 1.5m is wide, furrow length is advisable with 10 ~ 12m, seed after process is sowed with the amount of every mu of 5 ~ 8kg, after planting covers furrow face with rice straw;
(3) rich water applies:
After seedling grows true leaf, apply once to become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung, the liquid dung that once becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied again when growing 3 ~ 4 true leaves, and mu executes the spinach special fertilizer of 5 ~ 10kg, when seedling grows to 8 ~ 15cm height, every mu applies 40 ~ 50kg spinach special fertilizer, before gathering, 15 ~ 18 days mu executes 30 ~ 40kg spinach special fertilizer, all need after each fertilising to water once, on ordinary days take the circumstances into consideration to water according to soil moisture content, keep ground moistening;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest:
On ordinary days strengthen the control to downy mildew, anthracnose, damping off and aphid, Liriomyza insect pest.
2. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 spinach implantation methods, it is characterized in that, step (1) described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by weight and is boiled formed by 8 parts, rhizoma Gastrodiae, balloonflower root 5 parts, tarragon 10 parts, China tree cotyledon 12 parts and 4 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, 80 parts, water.
3. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 spinach implantation methods, it is characterized in that, step (1) described nutrient solution is formulated by following component, the percentage by weight of each component is: methyl jasmonate 40 ~ 60ppm, zinc-amino acid chelate 4 ~ 6ppm, amino acid chelated iron 5 ~ 8ppm, vitamin B6 2 ~ 3ppm, cobalamin 1 ~ 2ppm, vitamin C 10 ~ 15ppm, honey 0.5 ~ 0.8%, ferrous sulfate 25 ~ 30ppm, turpentine oil 0.2 ~ 0.5%, carbonic hydroammonium 10 ~ 15ppm, surplus is clear water, respective substance and water is puddled evenly to desired concn.
4. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 spinach implantation methods, it is characterized in that, step (3) described spinach special fertilizer is made up of the material of following weight portion:
5 ~ 15 parts of urea, 5 ~ 10 parts of carbonic hydroammonium, 15 ~ 25 parts of sodium nitrate, 15 ~ 25 parts of nitrate of lime, 15 ~ 20 parts of potassium fulvates, 8 ~ 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 8 ~ 10 parts of modified alta-muds, 1 ~ 2 part of amino-acid chelate, 1 ~ 2 part of zymophyte, 30 ~ 50 parts of straws, 20 ~ 40 portions of tankages, 2 ~ 3 portions of brown sugar.
5. a kind of autumn according to claim 4 spinach implantation methods, it is characterized in that, described modified alta-mud is first placed in by bentonite under 800 ~ 900 DEG C of conditions after roasting 15 ~ 20min, then improve temperature to 1300 ~ 1400 DEG C rapidly, then roasting 5 ~ 10min and obtaining.
6. a kind of autumn according to claim 4 spinach implantation methods, it is characterized in that, containing zinc-amino acid chelate, amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated calcium, chelating amino acids manganese and chelating amino acids molybdenum in described amino-acid chelate.
7. a kind of autumn according to claim 4 spinach implantation methods, it is characterized in that, described zymophyte is made up of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium function bacterium, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycete.
8. a kind of autumn according to claim 4 spinach implantation methods, it is characterized in that, the total mass ratio of the gross mass of described urea and carbonic hydroammonium and sodium nitrate and nitrate of lime controls as 1:2 ~ 3.
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Cited By (14)
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| CN106105476A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华丰蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Herba Spinaciae |
| CN106242778A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-21 | 北京山北绿色农业有限公司 | A kind of organic peptide plant nutrient agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN106305105A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-11 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Planting method of iron-rich summer spinach |
| CN106416502A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-22 | 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 | Treatment of spinach seeds and planting method thereof |
| CN106561211A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Planting method for reducing content of oxalic acid in spinach |
| CN106561105A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 界首市艳兵家庭农场 | Germination accelerating method for spinach seeds |
| CN106561226A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 秦伟 | Planting method of pollution-free taste-rich carrot |
| CN106688779A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 全椒凤巢植保专业合作社 | Sowing and seedling method of sweet osmanthus |
| CN107333552A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-10 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | A kind of precocious autumn sowing method of hare's-lettuce |
| CN107624586A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-26 | 紫云自治县恒泰农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of hotbed chives implantation methods |
| CN108174648A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 上海师范大学 | A kind of germination accelerating method of spinach seed |
| CN108323385A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-27 | 普安县红星村裕丰农果蔬种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of spinach implantation methods |
| CN109548593A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 | A kind of spinach greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN109566299A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 云南大勋农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of high yield spinach cultural method |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106105476A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华丰蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Herba Spinaciae |
| CN106242778A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-21 | 北京山北绿色农业有限公司 | A kind of organic peptide plant nutrient agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN106305105A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-11 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Planting method of iron-rich summer spinach |
| CN106416502A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-22 | 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 | Treatment of spinach seeds and planting method thereof |
| CN106561226A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 秦伟 | Planting method of pollution-free taste-rich carrot |
| CN106561105A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 界首市艳兵家庭农场 | Germination accelerating method for spinach seeds |
| CN106561211A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Planting method for reducing content of oxalic acid in spinach |
| CN106688779A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 全椒凤巢植保专业合作社 | Sowing and seedling method of sweet osmanthus |
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| CN109548593A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 | A kind of spinach greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN108174648A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 上海师范大学 | A kind of germination accelerating method of spinach seed |
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