CN105483563A - 一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105483563A
CN105483563A CN201510913409.7A CN201510913409A CN105483563A CN 105483563 A CN105483563 A CN 105483563A CN 201510913409 A CN201510913409 A CN 201510913409A CN 105483563 A CN105483563 A CN 105483563A
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王文姣
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Henan Water Conservancy No2 Engineering Bureau
Henan Water Construction Group Co Ltd
Jiang Zhiqiang
Kong Xiaofeng
Liu Bo
Liu Yuanyong
Shi Zhan
Wei Wenzhi
Zhao Quancheng
Zheng Qi
North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法,属于水利发电配件领域,通过合理设定该叶片制备方法的原料、整体流程以及热处理方法,使得得到的叶片强度和耐腐蚀性得到大幅度提升,从而总体提升了水利发电装置的耐久度和经济性。

Description

一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新能源发电领域和粉末冶金领域,尤其是水利发电装置的部件采用粉末冶金方式进行制备的领域,特别是涉及一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法。
背景技术
水利发电作为新能源发电方式越来越受到政策层面和科学界的广泛关注,对其各个部件深入细化的研究也在广泛进行中,其中对于叶轮式水利发电装置的叶片形状、材质等等的研究在近年来就有很多。由于该叶片既要保证相对的轻质化,又要保证非常高的强度硬度,同时还要保证耐腐蚀性和一定的韧性,这样高的要求必定对制备工艺提出了非常高的要求,而目前的工艺要么需要很高的工艺要求,要么需要添加非常昂贵的合金元素,并没有对成本进行相应控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法。
具体通过如下技术手段实现:
一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照高炉-转炉-连铸流程冶炼形成不锈钢,然后将该不锈钢破碎形成钢粉末,所述不锈钢按重量百分比含量计为:C:0.02~0.12%,Si:0.6~0.8%,Mn:0.8~1.2%,Cr:16~18%,Mo:2~5%,Ni:5~8%,Cu:1~3%,Nb:0.12~0.38%,Ce:0.02~0.06%,La:0.02~0.03%,P<0.03%,S<0.01%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的钢粉末和粘结剂按照10:(1~2)的重量比例置入混料装置中均匀混料。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料加入到注射成型机中的叶片模具中,加热到168~200℃进行注射成型。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的型坯置于脱脂炉内,充入氢气,然后以80~100℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到180~220℃,然后继续以60~80℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到280~320℃,保温25~35min,然后充入氮气将氢气清洗出炉,在氮气气氛中继续保温10~20min,然后抽真空,使得脱除粘结剂的型坯在280~320℃的真空状态下保温10~20min,脱脂完毕。
(5)将脱脂之后的叶片型坯置入烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1260~1360℃,烧结时间为2~3小时。
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的叶片半成品置于电阻炉内,加热到860~900℃,保温20~30min,然后喷水冷却到室温。
(7)将步骤(6)得到的半成品置于深冷箱中,冷却到-65~-82℃,保持该温度15~25min后,出深冷箱恢复到室温。
(8)将步骤(7)得到的半成品置于电阻炉内,加热至920~1100℃,保温1~2小时,然后随炉冷却。
(9)将步骤(8)得到的半成品置于回火炉中,加热至180~220℃,保温30~50min,然后出炉空冷,得到高强度高硬度的叶轮式水利发电装置叶片。
其中,步骤(2)中所述粘结剂按重量份数计包括:聚乙烯:120~160份,石蜡:180~220份,硬脂酸:22~32份(优选25~30份),聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯模塑粉:22~26份,钛酸酯偶联剂2~5份。
一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片,采用上述的方法制备得到。
本发明的效果在于:
1,通过合理限定作为原料的钢粉末的组分含量,尤其是合理添加了Ce和La,从而使得在不进一步过多添加昂贵元素的情况下,使得最终所得的产品具有较高的强度和良好的耐腐蚀性。
2,通过合理限制脱脂方式,结合合理设定粘结剂,使得脱脂完全,从而减少了最终产品中内部杂质的存在,保证了最终产品内部微观结构的稳定,从而保证了最终叶片的强度和减少了内部缺陷。
3,通过对制备过程中热处理步骤的整体优化,使得最终产品在保证了一定韧性的情况下,大大提高了强度。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照高炉-转炉-连铸流程冶炼形成不锈钢,然后将该不锈钢破碎形成钢粉末,所述不锈钢按重量百分比含量计为:C:0.08%,Si:0.68%,Mn:0.92%,Cr:16.8%,Mo:3%,Ni:6%,Cu:2%,Nb:0.18%,Ce:0.05%,La:0.023%,P:0.01%,S:0.005%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的钢粉末和粘结剂按照10:1.2的重量比例置入混料装置中均匀混料;所述粘结剂按重量份数计包括:聚乙烯:152份,石蜡:1896份,硬脂酸:28份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯模塑粉:23份,钛酸酯偶联剂3份。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料加入到注射成型机中的叶片模具中,加热到182℃进行注射成型。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的型坯置于脱脂炉内,充入氢气,然后以92℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到192℃,然后继续以68℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到310℃,保温28min,然后充入氮气将氢气清洗出炉,在氮气气氛中继续保温16min,然后抽真空,使得脱除粘结剂的型坯在310℃的真空状态下保温18min,脱脂完毕。
(5)将脱脂之后的叶片型坯置入烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1290℃,烧结时间为2.2小时。
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的叶片半成品置于电阻炉内,加热到890℃,保温25min,然后喷水冷却到室温。
(7)将步骤(6)得到的半成品置于深冷箱中,冷却到-68℃,保持该温度19min后,出深冷箱恢复到室温。
(8)将步骤(7)得到的半成品置于电阻炉内,加热至980℃,保温1~2小时,然后随炉冷却。
(9)将步骤(8)得到的半成品置于回火炉中,加热至192℃,保温35min,然后出炉空冷,得到高强度高硬度的叶轮式水利发电装置叶片。
实施例2
一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法,包括如下步骤。
(1)按照高炉-转炉-连铸流程冶炼形成不锈钢,然后将该不锈钢破碎形成钢粉末,所述不锈钢按重量百分比含量计为:C:0.11%,Si:0.69%,Mn:1.1%,Cr:16.9%,Mo:3.8%,Ni:6.2%,Cu:2.2%,Nb:0.28%,Ce:0.03%,La:0.026%,P:0.003%,S:0.001%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的钢粉末和粘结剂按照10:1.6的重量比例置入混料装置中均匀混料;所述粘结剂按重量份数计包括:聚乙烯:132份,石蜡:192份,硬脂酸:26份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯模塑粉:25份,钛酸酯偶联剂3份。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料加入到注射成型机中的叶片模具中,加热到192℃进行注射成型。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的型坯置于脱脂炉内,充入氢气,然后以96℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到208℃,然后继续以69℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到298℃,保温31min,然后充入氮气将氢气清洗出炉,在氮气气氛中继续保温16min,然后抽真空,使得脱除粘结剂的型坯在298℃的真空状态下保温16min,脱脂完毕。
(5)将脱脂之后的叶片型坯置入烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1310℃,烧结时间为2.8小时。
(6)将步骤(5)烧结得到的叶片半成品置于电阻炉内,加热到880℃,保温25min,然后喷水冷却到室温。
(7)将步骤(6)得到的半成品置于深冷箱中,冷却到-80℃,保持该温度19min后,出深冷箱恢复到室温。
(8)将步骤(7)得到的半成品置于电阻炉内,加热至1020℃,保温1.2小时,然后随炉冷却。
(9)将步骤(8)得到的半成品置于回火炉中,加热至192℃,保温39min,然后出炉空冷,得到高强度高硬度的叶轮式水利发电装置叶片。
实施例3
一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片,采用实施例1或2的方法得到,将其横截面设置为弧形。

Claims (2)

1.一种叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
按照高炉-转炉-连铸流程冶炼形成不锈钢,然后将该不锈钢破碎形成钢粉末,所述不锈钢按重量百分比含量计为:C:0.02~0.12%,Si:0.6~0.8%,Mn:0.8~1.2%,Cr:16~18%,Mo:2~5%,Ni:5~8%,Cu:1~3%,Nb:0.12~0.38%,Ce:0.02~0.06%,La:0.02~0.03%,P<0.03%,S<0.01%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
将步骤(1)得到的钢粉末和粘结剂按照10:(1~2)的重量比例置入混料装置中均匀混料;
将步骤(2)得到的混合料加入到注射成型机中的叶片模具中,加热到168~200℃进行注射成型;
将步骤(3)得到的型坯置于脱脂炉内,充入氢气,然后以80~100℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到180~220℃,然后继续以60~80℃每小时的速度将型坯升温到280~320℃,保温25~35min,然后充入氮气将氢气清洗出炉,在氮气气氛中继续保温10~20min,然后抽真空,使得脱除粘结剂的型坯在280~320℃的真空状态下保温10~20min,脱脂完毕;
将脱脂之后的叶片型坯置入烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1260~1360℃,烧结时间为2~3小时;
将步骤(5)烧结得到的叶片半成品置于电阻炉内,加热到860~900℃,保温20~30min,然后喷水冷却到室温;
将步骤(6)得到的半成品置于深冷箱中,冷却到-65~-82℃,保持该温度15~25min后,出深冷箱恢复到室温;
将步骤(7)得到的半成品置于电阻炉内,加热至920~1100℃,保温1~2小时,然后随炉冷却;
将步骤(8)得到的半成品置于回火炉中,加热至180~220℃,保温30~50min,然后出炉空冷,得到高强度高硬度的叶轮式水利发电装置叶片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叶轮式水利发电装置叶片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述粘结剂按重量份数计包括:聚乙烯:120~160份,石蜡:180~220份,硬脂酸:22~32份(优选25~30份),聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯模塑粉:22~26份,钛酸酯偶联剂2~5份。
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