CN105477679B - 基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉 - Google Patents

基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉 Download PDF

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CN105477679B
CN105477679B CN201510862811.7A CN201510862811A CN105477679B CN 105477679 B CN105477679 B CN 105477679B CN 201510862811 A CN201510862811 A CN 201510862811A CN 105477679 B CN105477679 B CN 105477679B
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徐福建
罗旭
胡浩
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,属于生物医用材料技术领域。本发明首先制备新型的醛基化多糖交联剂,然后将多糖交联剂与纯化壳聚糖混合发泡,冷冻干燥,消毒后即可得到基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉。与传统的小分子交联剂相比,本发明的新型多糖交联剂使用安全无毒,并且其本身具备止血性能。通过氧化作用在多糖分子链上引入可以起交联作用的醛基,方法简单易行。本发明制备的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉具有良好的生物相容性,较强的机械性能,免疫性低,可生物降解,并且具有良好的止痛作用和止血效果,预防伤口染菌感染,促进受伤组织愈合,有望应用于临床急救止血。

Description

基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉,属于生物医用材料技术领域。
背景技术
生活中的突发事故导致的创伤出血,临床手术时的伤口出血,以及战场上枪炮爆炸导致人员受伤,能及时有效地止血,对稳定伤情,挽救伤员生命,为后续治疗创造条件非常重要。
目前医用止血材料主要有纤维蛋白胶、明胶海绵、氧化纤维素、微纤维胶原、壳聚糖及藻酸钙纤维等。这些止血材料均有不同的止血效果和功能。为了进一步提高止血棉的机械强度,通常要对海绵进行交联。物理交联法交联度低且不均一,化学交联法常用戊二醛、甲醛等传统交联剂。在中国发明专利CN 103877606 A中,以小分子京尼平和戊二醛为交联剂制备了复合海绵;在中国发明专利CN 103480033 A中,以小分子二乙烯基砜、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚等小分子为交联剂制备了复合止血棉。这些小分子交联剂容易引起中毒或不良反应。所以现在迫切需要新型的高效安全的交联剂用来提高海绵的性能,扩大其应用范围。
本发明针对以上存在问题,开发了一种新型的多糖交联剂。多糖是自然界中蕴藏最多,与人类生活最密切相关的一类化合物,现代药理学研究表明,多糖具有多方面的功能,包括提高机体免疫力,具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗菌消炎等作用。我们选用透明质酸和葡聚糖为原料制备多糖交联剂。透明质酸具有高度的粘弹性和润滑、保湿等优良的理化性质。透明质酸作为聚合阴离子电解质,分子上所带的大量负电荷可调节周围正负离子浓度,抑制酶的活性。透明质酸还能促进表皮细胞的增殖和分化、清除氧自由基,可预防和修复皮肤损伤。葡聚糖具有提高机体抵抗病毒、细菌等感染的能力。
发明内容
为弥补现有技术的不足,本发明制备了一种新型的多糖交联剂,并选用本身具有止血抗菌功能的壳聚糖为海绵基材制备止血棉。这种新型的多糖交联剂安全无毒,交联效率高,且根据所选多糖原料的不同,交联剂本身也会具备不同的功能,在制备止血棉的过程中使用功能性的多糖交联剂会赋予止血棉相应的功能。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:首先制备新型的醛基化多糖交联剂,然后将多糖交联剂与纯化壳聚糖混合发泡,冷冻干燥,消毒后即可得到基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉。
本发明所述的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,其操作步骤如下:
1)配制浓度为5-50g/L的多糖溶液,然后加入浓度为40-100g/L的高碘酸钠溶液,多糖溶液与高碘酸钠溶液体积比为2:1,反应2-12h后透析,最后冷冻干燥得醛化多糖交联剂;
2)配制质量浓度为1-5%的壳聚糖盐酸盐溶液,加入甘油和浓度为10-100g/L的醛化多糖交联剂溶液;将发泡剂溶解到pH值为7-10的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,发泡剂浓度为5-30g/L,并加入上述壳聚糖盐酸盐溶液中,搅拌发泡30-90min;
3)将步骤2)得到的发泡液倒入模具中,冷冻6-24h,随后冷冻干燥,辐照灭菌,得到基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉。
所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐的脱乙酰度为80-90%。
所述的多糖选自分子量为10万-200万的透明质酸、分子量为1万-20万的葡聚糖。
所述的发泡剂为泊洛沙姆188或泊洛沙姆407。
所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐与醛化多糖交联剂的质量比为(10-30):1。
所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐与甘油的质量比为0.5-2。
所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐与发泡剂的质量比为(1-5):1。
本发明使用强氧化剂高碘酸钠氧化顺式二醇中的碳碳键,使其变为可以与氨基反应醛基。使用这种醛基化的多糖可以作为大分子交联剂,与带有氨基官能团的壳聚糖反应,使壳聚糖形成交联网状结构,从而增强机械性能。与传统的小分子交联剂相比,新型多糖交联剂使用安全无毒,并且其本身具备止血性能。通过氧化作用在多糖分子链上引入可以起交联作用的醛基,方法简单易行。本发明制备的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉具有良好的生物相容性,较强的机械性能,免疫性低,可生物降解,并且具有良好的止痛作用和止血效果,预防伤口染菌感染,促进受伤组织愈合,有望应用于临床急救止血。
附图说明
图1未交联的壳聚糖止血海绵组止血效果图。
图2实施例1制备的止血海绵组止血效果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来进一步说明本发明,但并不局限于以下的实施例。在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,但凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,这些等价形式的改动、修改等均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1:
使用醛化透明质酸为交联剂制备壳聚糖止血棉:
1、将5g透明质酸(分子量为150万)溶于100mL去离子水中,将1g高碘酸钠溶解到50mL去离子水中;将高碘酸钠溶液加入到透明质酸溶液中,反应10h后用截留分子量为3500的透析袋透析24h,最后冷冻干燥得醛化透明质酸交联剂;
2、称取2g壳聚糖盐酸盐(脱乙酰度为85%)溶解到50mL水中,搅拌溶解,呈现黄色粘稠液体,随后加入3g甘油;称取0.2g醛化透明质酸交联剂溶解到5mL去离子水中;称取0.5g泊洛沙姆407溶解到30mL pH值为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌直到完全溶解;将醛化透明质酸交联剂溶液加入到壳聚糖盐酸盐溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入泊洛沙姆407溶液,继续搅拌发泡30min;
3、将步骤2得到的发泡液倒入模具中,并迅速转移到-30℃冰箱中,冷冻24h,把得到的样品从模具中取出,并冷冻干燥,得到基于醛化透明质酸交联的壳聚糖快速止血绵。对所得止血棉进行装袋,装袋后对止血棉钴60辐照灭菌。
实施例2:
使用醛化葡聚糖为交联剂制备壳聚糖止血棉:将实施例1中的透明质酸替换成葡聚糖(分子量为4万),其他实验条件与实施例1相同,制备得到基于醛化葡聚糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血绵。
将实施例1和实施例2制备的止血棉进行效果对比实验:
1.小鼠股动脉止血实验
选取25只4-6周健康小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为5组,每组5只小鼠,分组依次是空白对照组、加压纱布包扎组、未交联壳聚糖止血棉组、实施例1基于醛化透明质酸交联的壳聚糖快速止血绵组和实施例2基于醛化葡聚糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血绵组。将小鼠麻醉后固定于手术台上,去毛后露出一侧股动脉,横向切开一半,令其自由喷血8s,然后根据分组进行相应处理,记录止血时间、失血量和90分钟死亡率,结果如表1。
表1小鼠股动脉止血实验结果

Claims (6)

1.一种基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,其特征在于,其操作步骤如下:
1)配制浓度为5-50g/L的多糖溶液,然后加入浓度为40-100g/L的高碘酸钠溶液,多糖溶液与高碘酸钠溶液体积比为2:1,反应2-12h后透析,最后冷冻干燥得醛化多糖交联剂;
2)配制质量浓度为1-5%的壳聚糖盐酸盐溶液,加入甘油和浓度为10-100g/L的醛化多糖交联剂溶液;将发泡剂溶解到pH值为7-10的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,发泡剂浓度为5-30g/L,并加入上述壳聚糖盐酸盐溶液中,搅拌发泡30-90min;
3)将步骤2)得到的发泡液倒入模具中,冷冻6-24h,随后冷冻干燥,辐照灭菌,得到基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉;
所述的多糖选自分子量为10万-200万的透明质酸、分子量为1万-20万的葡聚糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐的脱乙酰度为80-90%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的发泡剂为泊洛沙姆188或泊洛沙姆407。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐与醛化多糖交联剂的质量比为(10-30):1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐与甘油的质量比为0.5-2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于多糖交联的壳聚糖快速止血棉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的壳聚糖盐酸盐与发泡剂的质量比为(1-5):1。
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