CN105410041A

CN105410041A - Apple anthracnose prevention and control method based on biological experiment course

Info

Publication number: CN105410041A
Application number: CN201510973239.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵泉成
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-12-14
Filing date: 2015-12-14
Publication date: 2016-03-23

Abstract

The present invention discloses an apple anthracnose prevention and control method based on a biological experiment course. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning broken branches and burning dead leaves before sprouting; planting no high-stalk crop in an orchard, and no locust tree outside the orchard; pruning in summer timely, to allow large branches in crown to form a layer, thereby ventilating and light-transmitting; removing a fruit with a disease spot timely and burying the fruit deeply; and selecting herbs artemisia rupestris, illicium verum, inulae radix, golden larch bark, cornus officinalis, purslane, and leaf of chinese ilex to produce tincture spray. According to field tests, the prevention and control efficacy of the method disclosed by the present invention is significantly better than a control group.

Description

A kind of method of the control apple anthracnose based on Bioexperiment class

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of prevention and controls of plant disease, particularly relate to a kind of method of the control apple anthracnose based on Biological Experiment Class in Middle School.

Background technology

The applicant is according to learned biological knowledge, according to the requirement of Senior Biology field study, observational study is carried out to the anthracnose that the apple tree in orchard occurs, attempt to disclose its pathogenic factor, and utilize the Chinese herbal medicine resource of China's abundant, carry out Biological Control Test, experiment results proved, biological control is Be very effective not only, and non agricultural chemical residuum, Environmental Safety.Apple anthracnose, also known as bitter rot, late blight, is one of fruit disease important on apple, and all there is generation in China's major part apple producing region, and at summer high temperature, rainy, humid region morbidity is particularly serious.Main harm fruit, also can endanger branch and fruit platform etc.Initial stage fruit there is filbert roundlet spot in face, expands rapidly, and in brown or dark brown, surface depressions, pulp rots in infundibulate, can be rotten to core, and tool bitter taste is obvious with good pulp boundary.When scab is extended to diameter 1 ~ 2 centimetre, surface forms granule point, after turn black, i.e. the aceravlus of germ, concentrically takes turns the arrangement of line shape.In case of rainfall or wet weather then overflow blush mucus (conidium group).The upper scab number of sick fruit is not etc., several at least, tens at most, even have up to a hundred, but majority is not expanded and becomes little dry spot.Several scab connects together, and full fruit can be made to rot, come off.The dehydration of some sick fruits becomes black mummy to hang in the tree, does not fall through the winter.Under warm conditions, germ weak or have raw branch formed ulceration in 1 ~ 2 of wound year, can mostly be irregular shape, expand gradually, and to later stage sick epidermis be full of cracks, cause xylem to expose, scab surface also produces black small grain point.The above branch in disease portion dries up.Fruit platform is injured and is spread in dark brown from top to bottom, causes fruit platform and can not take out the withered death of sublateral shoot.At present, China is in the control of apple anthracnose, and chemical control is still occupied an leading position, and causes pollution in various degree to Apple and planting environment, and harm people's is healthy.Therefore, carry out without residual hazard, pollution-free, non-harmfully prevent and treat new technology and be more and more subject to people's attention.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of control efficiency significantly, the method for the biological control apple anthracnose of non agricultural chemical residuum, non-environmental-pollution.

The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, the method for this biological control apple anthracnose comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing, the residual branch of cleaning, dead leaf burn.

(2) do not plant high stalk crops in orchard, outside garden, do not plant locust tree.

(3) summer cuts in time, makes tree crown bough stratification, ventilation and penetrating light.

(4) fruit having scab is extractd in time, buried.

(5) chemical control: the biopesticide control adopting Chinese herbal medicine to make, described biopesticide is made up of the Chinese herbal medicine of following weight portion: alpine yallow herb 14-20 part, Chinese anise 40-50 part, elecampane 30-40 part, Golden Larch Bark 50-60 part, dogwood 28-34 part, kitchen garden 24-32 part, leaf of Chinese ilex 22-28 part.

Preferred: alpine yallow herb 18 parts, Chinese anise 45 parts, elecampane 35 parts, Golden Larch Bark 55 parts, dogwood 31 parts, kitchen garden 28 parts, leaf of Chinese ilex 25 parts.

Preparation method: take alpine yallow herb, Chinese anise, elecampane, Golden Larch Bark, dogwood, kitchen garden, leaf of Chinese ilex pulverizing, put in closed container, add appropriate amount of ethanol, cover dipping, stir, place after 5 days, incline and supernatant; Add 50% ~ 75% appropriate amount of ethanol again in the dregs of a decoction, flood 5 days according to upper method, incline to, merge two liquid, stir evenly and obtain agricultural chemicals tincture.

Pharmacological action: alpine yallow herb has the bacteriostasis of height to staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sonne bacillus, bacterium flexneri and some fungi; Chinese anise has inhibitory or killing effect to Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria; The inhibitory action of fungi is greater than to benzoic acid and the salicylic acid of 1%.Elecampane has inhibitory action to tubercle bacillus, shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi; Golden Larch Bark has inhibitory action in various degree to rust microspore bacterium, red mentagrophytes, T. Rosaseum, purple tinea bacterium, trichophyton concentricum, oidium schoenleinii, acrothesium floccosum, trichophyton gypseum, Candida albicans etc.; Dogwood has inhibitory action to staphylococcus aureus, Shigella shigae etc., has inhibitory action to trichophyton etc.; Kitchen garden has bactericidal action to shigella dysenteriae, has inhibitory action, have inhibitory action to some pathogenic fungus to sonne bacillus, Si Shi and expense Shigella flexneri etc.; Leaf of Chinese ilex has inhibitory action in various degree to green pus, large intestine, typhoid fever, dysentery, Bacillus alcaligenes and hay bacillus etc., also has inhibitory action to fungi.

Field trial data:

Use below embodiment biopesticide 150 times, 200 times, 250 times and 50% carbendazim with contrast clear water, field control effectiveness test is carried out to apple anthracnose, so that beneficial effect of the present invention to be described better, result of the test is as shown in table 1 below.Experimental field be positioned at oneself plantation, Linyi City Yinan County, efficiency test carried out to the apple tree that anthracnose occurs, tests in first 7 days and process of the test and do not use other agricultural chemicals.Experimental field soil property is medium, and rich water is medium, and management is consistent.Duration of test temperature at 24 ~ 32 degrees Celsius, mean temperature 28 degrees Celsius; The carbendazim of 50% is established in this field trial; 150 times of liquid of this biopesticide, 200 times of liquid, 250 times of liquid; Clear water (CK).Totally 5 process.Each process repetition 2 times, totally 10 process communities, often process community according to the medicament preparation listed by table 1, growing way and the basically identical field of morbidity is selected to start phase the 1st medication in apple anthracnose, after this every 7d medication 1 time, continuous 2 times, use knapsack sprayer, amount of liquid medicine standard is 35kg/ mu, and blade and stem by medicine evenly, avoid liquid to drift about.After first time dispenser, second time medicine is executed at interval after 7 days, altogether dispenser twice.After each dispenser, the 7th afternoon unified investigation apple anthracnose feelings, lesion area, calculate disease index, control efficiency.2 points are evenly fixed in Cha Shimei community, often 2 strains, totally 4 strains.

Drug effect standard: scab grade scale is as follows.Stem occurring degree is divided into 5 grades, apple anthracnose Seriousness gradation standard: 0 grade, stem is without scab; 1 grade, scab accounts for less than 5% of full stem area; 2 grades, scab accounts for 6% ~ 10% of full stem area; 3 grades, scab accounts for 11% ~ 25% of full stem area; 4 grades, scab accounts for 26% ~ 50% of full stem area; 5 grades, scab accounts for more than 50% of full stem area.Disease refers to calculate as follows with control efficiency:

Experimental result:

Table 1 different disposal is to the control efficiency of apple anthracnose

Conclusive table 1 result of the test can draw, after twice dispenser, biopesticide to the control efficiency of apple anthracnose all more than 68.18%, successful, and higher than 50% carbendazim 500 times of liquid.The process of biopesticide 3 various dose along with the increase of spraying times is in rising trend, reaches good control efficiency to the control efficiency of apple anthracnose, and medicament efficiency time is long.Experimental session is observed, and biopesticide is to tobacco plants without poisoning, and safety is good.

Biologicall test:

Adopt mycelial growth rate method biometric techniques, biopesticide antibacterial activity of the present invention more as seen from Table 2, this biopesticide is set to 1g/L and 2g/L two kinds of concentration, respectively at 5d and 7d " Invest, Then Investigate " colony growth diameter, then calculates the bacteriostasis rate to apple anthracnose germ.

Biopesticide of the present invention	5 days bacteriostasis rates	7 days bacteriostasis rates
			3g/L	64.2％	77.9％
5g/L	70.7％	82.3％

Result shows that this biopesticide antibacterial effect is good, and the bacteriostasis rate of the 5d of 3g/L and 5g/L is respectively 64.2% and 70.7%; The bacteriostasis rate of 7d is respectively 77.9% and 82.3%, result of study shows that the medicament bacteriostasis rate of two kinds of variable concentrations is all more than 64%, and along with concentration, administration time increase, fungistatic effect has reinforcement, biopesticide of the present invention is respond well in suppression apple anthracnose as can be seen here.

Embodiment

The method of this biological control apple anthracnose comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing, the residual branch of cleaning, dead leaf burn.

(4) fruit having scab is extractd in time, buried.

(5) the biopesticide control adopting Chinese herbal medicine to make, namely alpine yallow herb 180 grams, Chinese anise 450 grams, elecampane 350 grams, Golden Larch Bark 550 grams, dogwood 310 grams, kitchen garden 280 grams, leaf of Chinese ilex 250 grams pulverizing is taken, put in closed container, add appropriate amount of ethanol, cover dipping, stir, place after 5 days, incline and supernatant; Add 50% ~ 75% appropriate amount of ethanol again in the dregs of a decoction, flood 5 days according to upper method, incline to, merge two liquid, stir evenly and obtain agricultural chemicals tincture.

Claims

1., based on a method for the control apple anthracnose of Bioexperiment class, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing, the residual branch of cleaning, dead leaf burn;

(2) do not plant high stalk crops in orchard, outside garden, do not plant locust tree;

(3) summer cuts in time, makes tree crown bough stratification, ventilation and penetrating light;

(4) excision has the fruit of scab buried in time;

2. the method for a kind of control apple anthracnose based on Bioexperiment class according to claim 1, is characterized in that described biopesticide is made up of the Chinese herbal medicine of following weight portion: alpine yallow herb 18 parts, Chinese anise 45 parts, elecampane 35 parts, Golden Larch Bark 55 parts, dogwood 31 parts, kitchen garden 28 parts, leaf of Chinese ilex 25 parts.