CN105385997B - 一种Cr2O3薄膜体系及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种Cr2O3薄膜体系及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105385997B
CN105385997B CN201510752290.XA CN201510752290A CN105385997B CN 105385997 B CN105385997 B CN 105385997B CN 201510752290 A CN201510752290 A CN 201510752290A CN 105385997 B CN105385997 B CN 105385997B
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张华�
李帅
吕琴丽
吴云翼
何迪
张超
雷洋
刘晓鹏
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GRIMN Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种Cr2O3薄膜体系及其制备方法,该体系以金属材料为基底,基底上覆有Cr2O3薄膜,或基底上以Cr‑M为过渡层,过渡层上覆有Cr2O3薄膜。制备前,先对基底进行真空加热烘烤和Ar+离子束清洗,以降低基片和薄膜的污染;然后采用共溅射法在基底表面沉积Cr‑M过渡层;最后采用离子束辅助反应溅射的方法在过渡层表面溅射Cr2O3薄膜。此法可有效缓解Cr2O3薄膜和金属基底的应力,避免薄膜开裂和剥落,明显提高膜‑基结合力。本发明从多方面综合保证薄膜质量,大大提高溅射效率。

Description

一种Cr2O3薄膜体系及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于薄膜技术领域,特别涉及一种Cr2O3薄膜体系及其制备方法。
背景技术
氧化铬(Cr2O3)薄膜是近年来发展起来并受到重视的薄膜材料之一,它具有化学稳定性强、抗高温性好、摩擦系数小、硬度高、抗磨蚀能力强、与基体结合力强等特点,被广泛用于微电子器件的阻挡层、磨损器件的保护层,以及气体轴承汽车的汽缸内壁等。
目前,Cr2O3薄膜的主要制备方法有离子镀、磁控溅射、原位氧化等。磁控溅射沉积的薄膜具有表面平整、致密、精度高等优点。虽然很多文献对溅射法制备Cr2O3薄膜有详细报道,但因Cr2O3薄膜和金属基底热膨胀系数相差很大,直接在金属上沉积的Cr2O3薄膜易产生裂纹等缺陷,这会影响薄膜性能,甚至降低器件的使用寿命。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供了一种Cr2O3薄膜体系及其制备方法。
一种Cr2O3薄膜体系,该体系以金属材料为基底,基底上覆有Cr2O3薄膜,或基底上以Cr-M为过渡层,过渡层上覆有Cr2O3薄膜,其中,M为与Cr和基底相融合的金属元素。
所述Cr-M过渡层的厚度为0-1000nm,Cr2O3薄膜的厚度为10-2000nm; Cr-M过渡层和Cr2O3薄膜的总厚度不超过2000nm。
进一步地,所述Cr-M过渡层为梯度过渡层。
所述基底为纯金属材料,则M为基底中的金属元素;或所述基底为合金材料,则M为基底中含量最多的金属元素。
所述基底为Cu基底、Al基底、Ag基底或不锈钢基底。
上述一种Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)基底的清洗:基底依次经丙酮和乙醇超声清洗干净后,放入真空腔体,待真空优于5×10-2Pa后,50~400℃下,真空加热烘烤基底10~60min,然后降温至80℃以下,待真空优于5×10-3Pa后,采用Ar+离子束对基底清洗5~30min;
2)Cr-M过渡层的制备:采用共溅射法制备Cr-M过渡层,通入Ar气,气压为0.3~3Pa,开启两溅射电源,使用M靶和Cr靶溅射1~60min,通过改变两金属靶的功率和/或靶-基距进行调整M:Cr的摩尔比;
3)Cr2O3薄膜的制备:采用离子束辅助反应溅射的方法沉积Cr2O3薄膜,通入Ar气和反应气体,总气压为0.3~3Pa,其中反应气体分压为0.005~0.2Pa,开启溅射电源和Ar+离子束电源,待辉光稳定后,将基片移至辉光区,开始沉积 Cr2O3薄膜;沉积1~300min后,关闭溅射电源和Ar+离子束电源,断开Ar气和反应气体,关闭真空系统,得到Cr2O3薄膜体系。
所述溅射均采用纯金属靶材,靶材纯度优于99.9%。
所述反应溅射可采用直流溅射、射频溅射、中频溅射、离子束溅射。
所述Ar+离子束的能量为0~800eV,束流为0~700mA,Ar+离子束与基片呈 45°。
步骤3)中所述Ar气通向靶材附近;所述反应气体为氧气或水气,通向基底附近。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供了一种Cr2O3薄膜的综合制备方法,用此方法制备的Cr2O3薄膜可有效增加膜-基结合力:
1.本发明镀膜前对基底进行真空加热烘烤和氩离子束清洗,能有效降低基片和薄膜的污染。
2.采用Cr-M为过渡层,过渡层可以为梯度过渡,其含有金属基底和薄膜的元素,能缓解Cr2O3薄膜和金属基底的应力,防止薄膜开裂和剥落。
3.Cr2O3薄膜采用离子束辅助反应溅射法制备,能进一步提高膜-基结合力;同时,反应溅射能提高沉积效率,适用于大面积薄膜的均匀制备。
本发明采用金属靶材,成本低,制备过程不需高温,也无需高温退火处理,低熔点基材不受限制;特别地,Cr2O3薄膜使基片的δ(二次电子发射系数)降低20%~35%。本发明的方法简单易行、成膜均匀,便于应用和推广。
附图说明
图1a为实施例1制备的Cr2O3薄膜中Cr的XPS图谱。
图1b为实施例1制备的Cr2O3薄膜中O的XPS图谱。
图2为实施例1制备的Cr2O3/Cr-Cu/无氧铜的δ。
图3为实施例2制备的Cr2O3/Cr-Fe/不锈钢的结合力图谱。
图4为实施例2制备的Cr2O3/Cr-Fe/不锈钢界面的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明,但不应该用来限制本发明。
实施例1
1)基片清洗:无氧铜基片依次经丙酮和酒精超声清洗15min后,放入真空腔体,待真空达到5×10-2Pa后,腔体加热至200℃,烘烤20min后降温至60℃;待真空达到3×10-3Pa后,用Ar+离子束清洗基片,Ar+离子束能量为200eV,束流为200mA,清洗时间为15min。
2)Cr-Cu过渡层的制备:采用共溅射法制备Cr-Cu过渡层。通入Ar气,将气压调整至1.0Pa,开启两射频溅射电源,在Cu靶和Cr靶功率分别为40W和 60W下溅射2min。
3)Cr2O3薄膜的制备:采用离子束辅助反应溅射的方法沉积Cr2O3薄膜。通入Ar气和氧气,将气压调整至0.8Pa,其中氧气分压为0.08Pa,开启溅射射频电源和Ar+离子束电源,溅射功率为50W,Ar+离子束能量为200eV,束流为 200mA,待辉光稳定后,将基片移至辉光区,开始沉积,沉积时间为120min。
获得的Cr-Cu过渡层和Cr2O3薄膜的厚度分别为30nm和100nm。对Cr2O3薄膜进行XPS测试,如图1a-b所示,Cr2p3/2和O1s结合能分别为576.7ev和530.7ev,说明Cr已经被完全氧化,经计算O/Cr为1.9,表明Cr2O3薄膜是富氧状态。对Cr2O3/Cr-Cu/无氧铜的δ也进行了测量,如图2所示,其最大值为1.22 (未经镀膜的无氧铜的δ为1.6),则δ降低率为23.8%,表明Cr2O3薄膜有效抑制了二次电子发射。
实施例2
1)基片清洗:304抛光不锈钢基片依次经丙酮和酒精超声清洗15min,放入真空腔体,待真空达到1×10-2Pa后,腔体加热至350℃,烘烤20min后降温至40℃;待真空达到1.4×10-3Pa后,用Ar+离子束清洗基片,Ar+离子束能量为 100eV,束流为100mA,清洗时间为20min。
2)Cr-Fe过渡层的制备:采用共溅射法制备Cr-Fe梯度过渡层。通入Ar气,将气压调整至0.4Pa,开启两直流溅射电源,通过调整Fe靶和Cr靶的溅射功率获得Fe:Cr比值不同的过渡层,在Fe靶和Cr靶溅射电流分别为0.5A和0.2A 下溅射2min,然后在Fe靶和Cr靶溅射电流分别为0.3A和0.3A下溅射2min,最后在Fe靶和Cr靶溅射电流分别为0.2A和0.4A下溅射2min。
3)Cr2O3薄膜的制备:采用离子束辅助反应溅射的方法沉积Cr2O3薄膜,通入Ar气和水气,将气压调整至1Pa,其中水分压为0.005Pa,开启溅射直流电源和Ar+离子束电源,电流为1A,Ar+离子束能量为400ev,束流为300mA,待辉光稳定后,将基片移至辉光区,开始沉积,沉积时间为50min。
对有无过渡层的薄膜进行显微划痕测试,如图3所示,结果表明无过渡层和有过渡层的两种基材,薄-基结合力分别为18.6N和26.3N,结合力增加了 41.4%,说明过渡层能显著提高膜-基结合力。对所制备的复合薄膜进行界面观察,如图4所示,薄膜均匀致密,Cr-Fe过渡层和Cr2O3薄膜厚度分别为175nm 和175nm。对不锈钢基片和Cr2O3/Cr-Fe/不锈钢进行δ测量,发现Cr2O3/Cr-Fe/ 不锈钢的δ从不锈钢基片的2.08下降到1.36,降幅为34.6%,说明此方法制备的Cr2O3薄膜能有效抑制基片的二次电子发射。

Claims (6)

1.一种Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法,其特征在于,该体系以金属材料为基底,基底上以Cr-M为过渡层,过渡层上覆有Cr2O3薄膜,其中,M为与Cr和基底相融合的金属元素,基底为Cu、Al、Ag纯金属材料,则M为基底中的金属元素;或所述基底为不锈钢合金材料,则M为基底中含量最多的金属元素;
所述Cr-M过渡层为梯度过渡层;
所述Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)基底的清洗:基底依次经丙酮和乙醇超声清洗干净后,放入真空腔体,待真空优于5×10-2Pa后,50~400℃下,真空加热烘烤基底10~60min,然后降温至80℃以下,待真空优于5×10-3Pa后,采用Ar+离子束对基底清洗5~30min;
2)Cr-M过渡层的制备:采用共溅射法制备Cr-M过渡层,通入Ar气,气压为0.3~3Pa,开启两溅射电源,使用M靶和Cr靶同时进行溅射0~60min;通过改变两金属靶的功率和/或靶-基距进行调整M:Cr的摩尔比;
3)Cr2O3薄膜的制备:采用离子束辅助反应溅射的方法沉积Cr2O3薄膜,通入Ar气和反应气体,总气压为0.3~3Pa,其中反应气体分压为0.005~0.2Pa,开启溅射电源和Ar+离子束电源,待辉光稳定后,将基片移至辉光区,开始沉积Cr2O3薄膜;沉积1~300min后,关闭溅射电源和Ar+离子束电源,断开Ar气和反应气体,关闭真空系统,得到Cr2O3薄膜体系;
所述Cr2O3薄膜体系使基片的二次电子发射系数δ降低20%~35%,使薄-基结合力增加了41.4%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Cr-M过渡层的厚度大于0nm并小于等于1000nm,Cr2O3薄膜的厚度为10-2000nm,Cr-M过渡层和Cr2O3薄膜的总厚度不超过2000nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法中溅射均采用纯金属靶材,靶材纯度优于99.9%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法中反应溅射可采用直流溅射、射频溅射、中频溅射、离子束溅射。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法中Ar+离子束的能量为0~800eV,束流为0~700mA,Ar+离子束与基片呈45°。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种Cr2O3薄膜体系的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述Ar气通向靶材附近;所述反应气体为氧气或水气,通向基底附近。
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