CN105381341A - 治疗失眠症的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗失眠症的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域,涉及治疗失眠症的药物组合物及其制备方法,所述的药物组合物由以下重量份的药材制备而成:银杏叶10-20份、麦冬10-18份、茯神8-18份、远志8-16份、百合10-18份、麦芽6-14份、肉豆蔻6-14份、白芍8-16份、肉桂6-12份和甘草4-8份。本发明药物组合物具有清心除烦,温中行气,安神益智等功效,对治疗失眠症具有标本兼治的效果,无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及治疗失眠症的药物组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
失眠,是指经常不能获得正常睡眠而言。在古代医籍中又称为“不寐”“不得眠”“目不瞑”“不得卧”。现代研究认为,失眠是指睡眠时间不足,或睡得不深、不熟,可分为起始失眠、间断失眠、终点失眠三种。起始失眠是指入睡困难,要到后半夜才能睡着,多由于精神紧张、焦虑、恐惧等引起。间断失眠,是指睡不宁静,容易惊醒,常有恶梦,中年人消化不良,容易发生这种情况。终点失眠,是入睡并不困难,但持续时间不长,后半夜后即不能再入睡,老年人高血压、动脉硬化,精神抑郁症患者,常有这类失眠。
中医药认为腑机能紊乱,邪气阻滞,气血阴阳相对平衡失调,神志不宁是发生失眠的根本病机。通过调整人体脏腑气血阴阳的功能,常能明显改善睡眠状况,且不引起药物依赖及医源性疾患,因而颇受欢迎。中医学治疗失眠的原则为:在补虚泻实,调整脏腑气血阴阳的基础上辅以安神定志是本病的基本治疗方法。实证宜泻其有余,如疏肝解郁,降火涤痰,消导和中。虚证宜补其不足,如益气养血,健脾、补肝、益肾。实证日久,气血耗伤,亦可转为虚证,虚实夹杂者,治宜攻补兼施。安神定志法的使用要结合临床,分别选用养血安神、镇惊安神、清心安神等具体治法,并注意配合精神治疗,以消除紧张焦虑,保持精神舒畅。
目前,临床治疗失眠多采用西药镇静类药物,在服药初期会迅速见效,但这些药物存在着副作用大、服用时间长、停药后易复发的缺点。经常服用安眠药不仅会带来耐药性、依赖性,还会带来宿醉,戒断反应,记忆损害等众多不良后果。中医治疗主要采用针灸等方法,但疗程较长,见效不明显。
中国专利申请CN201410281941公开了一种治疗失眠的中药,由滇藏方枝柏、珊瑚、枸杞子、大粗枝藓、酸枣仁、山栀、杜仲、羚羊角、柏子仁、白术、桑叶、牡丹皮、僵蚕、紫石英、牛蒡子和夏枯草按一定重量比配制而成,该药物治疗失眠见效快,有效率高,但药剂中含有滇藏方枝柏、珊瑚、羚羊角等珍稀药材,采用易破坏生态环境。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供治疗失眠症的药物组合物及其制备方法。
本发明治疗失眠症的药物组合物由下列重量份的药材制备而成:
银杏叶10-20份、麦冬10-18份、茯神8-18份、远志8-16份、百合10-18份、麦芽6-14份、肉豆蔻6-14份、白芍8-16份、肉桂6-12份和甘草4-8份。
在该重量份范围内,优选了3个疗效较为显著的配方:
配方1:银杏叶10份、麦冬10份、茯神8份、远志8份、百合10份、麦芽6份、肉豆蔻6份、白芍8份、肉桂6份和甘草4份。
配方2:银杏叶20份、麦冬18份、茯神18份、远志16份、百合18份、麦芽14份、肉豆蔻14份、白芍16份、肉桂12份和甘草8份。
配方3:银杏叶15份、麦冬14份、茯神13份、远志12份、百合14份、麦芽10份、肉豆蔻10份、白芍12份、肉桂10份和甘草6份。
本发明药物组合物所用中药材的来源、性味、归经及功效:
银杏叶:本品为银杏科植物银杏(白果树、公孙树)的干燥叶;味甘、苦、涩,性平;归心、肺经;敛肺,平喘,活血化瘀,止痛。
麦冬:本品为百合科植物沿阶草的块根;味微苦,性寒;归肺、胃、心经;养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津。
茯神:本品为茯苓菌核中间抱有松根或细松木心者的部份;味辛、苦,性平;归心、肾经;宁心,安神,利水。
远志:本品为远志科植物远志或卵叶远的干燥根;味苦、辛,性温;归心、肾、肺经;安神益智,祛痰,消肿。
百合:本品为百合科植物卷丹、百合或细叶百合的干燥肉质鳞叶;味甘,性寒;归心、肺经;养阴润肺,清心安神。
麦芽:本品为禾本科植物大麦的成熟果实经发芽干燥而得;味甘,性平;归脾、胃经;行气消食,健脾开胃。
肉豆蔻:本品为肉豆蔻科肉豆蔻属植物肉豆蔻的干燥种仁;味辛,性温;归脾、胃、大肠经;温中行气,涩肠止泻。
白芍:本品为毛茛科植物芍药的干燥根;味苦、酸,性微寒;归肝、脾经;平肝止痛,养血调经,敛阴止汗。
肉桂:本品为樟科植物肉桂的干燥树皮;味辛、甘,性大热;归肾、脾、心、肝经;补火助阳,引火归源,散寒止痛,活血通经。
甘草:本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根;味甘,性平;归心、肺、脾、胃经;补脾益气,清热解毒,缓急止痛,调和诸药。
本发明中药的组方分析:本发明药物组方以麦冬、远志和茯神为君药,清心除烦,安神益智;以银杏叶、百合和肉豆蔻为臣药,养阴润肺,清心安神,温中行气;以麦芽、白芍和肉桂为佐药,健脾开胃,活血通经;以甘草为使药,宁心安神,调和诸药;君臣佐使诸药配合,协同促进,相辅相成,最终达到清心除烦,温中行气,安神益智等功效,对治疗失眠症具有标本兼治的效果,无毒副作用。
本发明还提供所述药物组合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
S1:按比例分别称取各味药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎,合并粗粉,备用;
S2:取银杏叶粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入粗粉总量30-45%体积分数为60-85%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15~20L/h,萃取压力为15~20MPa,萃取温度为40~60℃,萃取时间为1.5~2h,减压分离得到银杏叶提取物,保留银杏叶残渣;
S3:分别取麦冬、茯神、远志、百合、麦芽、肉豆蔻、白芍、肉桂和甘草粗粉,合并,加入银杏叶残渣,加入药材总量10-12倍量的水和药材总量1-2.5%的纤维素酶,调节PH为4.50-5.0,在50-65℃下浸提1-2小时,然后在80-95℃回流提取3-4小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.10-1.25的浸膏;
S4:将银杏叶提取物与S3所得的浸膏混合,减压干燥,粉碎,过80-100目筛,即得。
与现有技术相比,本发明药物组合物具有以下优势:
(1)本发明药物组合物由纯天然中草药组成,诸药协同,显著地降低了不良反应和毒副作用,具有疗效好、标本兼治、侧重调理的治疗优势;
(2)药效学试验表明,本发明药物组合物能显著减少小鼠自由活动次数,具有缩短小鼠睡眠潜伏期和延长小鼠睡眠时间和显著的镇静作用;临床数据表明,本发明药物组合物在治疗失眠方面疗效确切,无不良反应,有清肝熄风、益气镇惊、养血安神、疏肝理气等功效。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明,本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明进行的变更、组合或替换,对于本领阈的技术人员来说是显而易见的,均包含在本发明的范围之内。
实施例l
本发明实施例1药物组合物由以下重量份的药材制备而成:
银杏叶10份、麦冬10份、茯神8份、远志8份、百合10份、麦芽6份、肉豆蔻6份、白芍8份、肉桂6份和甘草4份。
制备方法:
S1:按比例分别称取各味药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎,合并粗粉,备用;
S2:取银杏叶粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入粗粉总量45%体积分数为75%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为20L/h,萃取压力为20MPa,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为2h,减压分离得到银杏叶提取物,保留银杏叶残渣;
S3:分别取麦冬、茯神、远志、百合、麦芽、肉豆蔻、白芍、肉桂和甘草粗粉,合并,加入银杏叶残渣,加入药材总量10倍量的水和药材总量1.5%的纤维素酶,调节PH为4.50,在60℃下浸提2小时,然后在85℃回流提取4小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.10的浸膏;
S4:将银杏叶提取物与S3所得的浸膏混合,减压干燥,粉碎,过100目筛,即得药物细粉;
S5:往S4所得的药物细粉,添加适当辅料,利用现代通用的制剂技术制成颗粒剂。
实施例2
本发明实施例2药物组合物由以下重量份的药材制备而成:
银杏叶20份、麦冬18份、茯神18份、远志16份、百合18份、麦芽14份、肉豆蔻14份、白芍16份、肉桂12份和甘草8份。
制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例3
本发明实施例3药物组合物由以下重量份的药材制备而成:
银杏叶15份、麦冬14份、茯神13份、远志12份、百合14份、麦芽10份、肉豆蔻10份、白芍12份、肉桂10份和甘草6份。
制备方法:同实施例1。
药效学试验
实验例1、本发明药物组合物对小鼠自发活动的影响实验
1、实验动物:取SPF级昆明小鼠80只,体重24-32g,雌雄各半,随机分为8组,每组10只。
2、实验药物及给药方案:
A组:服用本发明实施例1制得的颗粒,分为低、中、高3个剂量组。低、中、高剂量组的使用剂量分别为1.2g/kg、2.4g/kg、4.8g/kg,每天灌胃1次。
B组:服用本发明中实施例2制得的颗粒,动物分组和给药方案同A组。
正常对照组:取1组大鼠,灌胃等体积生理盐水。
阳性对照组:实验药物为百乐眠胶囊(扬子江药业集团有限公司),给药剂量为4.8g/kg,每天灌胃1次。
3、实验方法:小鼠连续灌胃14d,于末次给药8h禁食,前1h禁水,给予小鼠灌胃后30分钟,将小鼠置于自主活动仪内,测小鼠的自主活动次数,实验要求在安静、光线较暗的环境中检测。小鼠适应环境5min,计数10min内小鼠的活动次数。
4、实验结果:如表1所示。
表1各组小鼠活动次数的比较
注:与正常对照组比较,* P<0.05,** P<0.01,*** P<0.001;与阳性对照组比较,
# P<0.05,## P<0.01,### P<0.001。
由上表1可知,服用本发明实施例1、2制得的药物颗粒和阳性药物均显著减少小鼠的自主活动次数(P<0.05),且实施例1、2的药物颗粒剂量呈较好的量效关系,并以A组即实施例1制得的颗粒效果较佳。此外,本发明药物组合物中、高剂量组与阳性对照组比较,均具有显著差异(P<0.05),对小鼠自主活动的抑制效果更优。
实验例2、本发明药物组合物对戊巴比妥钠处理的小鼠潜伏期睡眠时间的影响实验
1、实验动物:取SPF级昆明小鼠80只,体重22-28g,雌雄各半,随机分为8组,每组10只。
2、实验药物及给药方案:
A组:服用本发明实施例1制得的颗粒,分为低、中、高3个剂量组。低、中、高剂量组的使用剂量分别为1.2g/kg、2.4g/kg、4.8g/kg,每天灌胃1次。
B组:服用本发明实施例2制得的颗粒,分为低、中、高3个剂量组,给药方案同A组。
正常对照组:取1组大鼠,灌胃等体积生理盐水。
阳性对照组:服用百乐眠胶囊(扬子江药业集团有限公司),给药剂量为4.8g/kg,每天灌胃1次。
3、实验方法:小鼠灌胃给药30min后腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠30mg/kg(戊巴比妥钠注射阈剂量),观察睡眠小鼠数以计算睡眠小鼠百分率,并记录入睡小鼠的睡眠时间(翻正反射消失到恢复的时间为睡眠时间。翻正反射消失达1min以上者确定为阳性,即已入睡)。
4、实验结果:见表2。
表2本发明药物组合物对戊巴比妥钠阈剂量睡眠时间的影响
注:与正常对照组比较,* P<0.05,** P<0.01,*** P<0.001;与阳性对照组比较,# P<0.05,## P<0.05。
由上表2可知,本发明实施例1、2制得的药物颗粒和阳性药物均能显著缩短注射阈剂量戊巴比妥钠后小鼠的睡眠潜伏时间和延长小鼠睡眠时间(P<0.05),且实施例1制得的药物颗粒中、高剂量组和实施例2制得的药物颗粒高剂量组的效果均显著优于阳性对照组(P<0.05)。其中以实施例1制得药物颗粒缩短小鼠的睡眠潜伏时间和延长小鼠睡眠时间的效果较佳。
实验例3、本发明药物组合物的临床实验
(一)受试对象选择
中医诊断标准:
诊断标准参照临床资料病例的入选参照《失眠定义、诊断及药物治疗专家共识(草案)》及《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMDD》制定如下标准:
①睡眠潜伏期长入睡时间超过30min;
②睡眠维持障碍夜间觉醒次数大于2次;
③睡眠质量下降睡眠浅、多梦;
④总睡眠时间缩短少于5小时
⑤日间残留效应大次晨感觉头昏、精神不振、嗜睡、乏力等。
排除标准:①年龄在18岁以下、65岁以上者;②严重躯体疾患及重性精神疾病者;③并用其他药物及抗精神病药物者;④有严重的自杀企图及行为者;⑤妊娠及哺乳期妇女;⑥不配合治疗者。
(二)临床实验方案
1、一般资料
按诊断标准,筛选600例就诊的失眠临床志愿者患者,男女各半,年龄25-60岁,平均年龄35岁,病程6个月-5年。将其随机分成治疗A、B、C组和对照组4组,每组各150例。4组在性别、年龄、病程、病情等影响因素,经统计学处理,方面无显著差异,具有可比性。
2、实验药物及实验方法
治疗A、B、C组:分别服用本发明实施例1、2和3制备的药物颗粒,每日2次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用4疗程后评定疗效。
对照组:服用百乐眠胶囊(扬子江药业集团有限公司)。按照建议服用剂量(20mg/kg)服用,一日2次,7天为一疗程,4个疗程后评定疗效。
3、疗效判定标准
诊断标准按《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中“中药新药治疗失眠的临床研究指导原则”的标准拟定。
痊愈:顺利入睡,睡眠时间恢复正常,或睡眠时间在6h以上,睡眠深沉,其临床症状基本消失。
显效:睡眠明显好转,睡眠时间增加3h以上,睡眠深度增加,临床症状有所改善。
有效:症状减轻,睡眠时间较前增加不足3h。
无效:治疗后失眠无明显改善或反加重者,临床症状也无明显改善。
4、治疗结果
表3治疗效果
由上表3可知,服用本发明实施例1-3制得的药物颗粒的临床治愈率达60%以上,总有效率达91%以上,高于服用对照组药物的治愈率和总有效率。其中以治疗A组即实施例1制得的药物颗粒效果最优。临床实验结果证明本发明药物组合物治疗失眠效果显著,可作为治疗失眠药物,有较高的临床推广价值。
Claims (7)
1.治疗失眠症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物由下列重量份的药材组成:
银杏叶10-20份、麦冬10-18份、茯神8-18份、远志8-16份、百合10-18份、麦芽6-14份、肉豆蔻6-14份、白芍8-16份、肉桂6-12份和甘草4-8份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗失眠症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物由下列重量份的药材组成:
银杏叶10份、麦冬10份、茯神8份、远志8份、百合10份、麦芽6份、肉豆蔻6份、白芍8份、肉桂6份和甘草4份。
3.如权利要求1所述的治疗失眠症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物由下列重量份的药材组成:
银杏叶20份、麦冬18份、茯神18份、远志16份、百合18份、麦芽14份、肉豆蔻14份、白芍16份、肉桂12份和甘草8份。
4.如权利要求1所述的治疗失眠症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物由下列重量份的药材组成:
银杏叶15份、麦冬14份、茯神13份、远志12份、百合14份、麦芽10份、肉豆蔻10份、白芍12份、肉桂10份和甘草6份。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的治疗失眠症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物的制备方法包含以下步骤:
S1:按比例分别称取各味药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎,合并粗粉,备用;
S2:取银杏叶粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入粗粉总量30-45%体积分数为60-85%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15~20L/h,萃取压力为15~20MPa,萃取温度为40~60℃,萃取时间为1.5~2h,减压分离得到银杏叶提取物,保留银杏叶残渣;
S3:分别取麦冬、茯神、远志、百合、麦芽、肉豆蔻、白芍、肉桂和甘草粗粉,合并,加入银杏叶残渣,加入药材总量10-12倍量的水和药材总量1-2.5%的纤维素酶,调节PH为4.50-5.0,在50-65℃下浸提1-2小时,然后在80-95℃回流提取3-4小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.10-1.25的浸膏;
S4:将银杏叶提取物与S3所得的浸膏混合,减压干燥,粉碎,过80-100目筛,即得。
6.如权利要求1-4任一所述的治疗失眠症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物被制成颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、口服液或散剂。
7.如权利要求1-6任一所述的治疗失眠症的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
S1:按比例分别称取各味药材,去杂质,洗净,烘干,粉碎,合并粗粉,备用;
S2:取银杏叶粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入粗粉总量30-45%体积分数为60-85%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15~20L/h,萃取压力为15~20MPa,萃取温度为40~60℃,萃取时间为1.5~2h,减压分离得到银杏叶提取物,保留银杏叶残渣;
S3:分别取麦冬、茯神、远志、百合、麦芽、肉豆蔻、白芍、肉桂和甘草粗粉,合并,加入银杏叶残渣,加入药材总量10-12倍量的水和药材总量1-2.5%的纤维素酶,调节PH为4.50-5.0,在50-65℃下浸提1-2小时,然后在80-95℃回流提取3-4小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.10-1.25的浸膏;
S4:将银杏叶提取物与S3所得的浸膏混合,减压干燥,粉碎,过80-100目筛,即得。
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