CN105381306B - 一种缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶组合物 - Google Patents
一种缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶及制备方法。该袋泡茶以葛根、山楂、枳椇子、菊花、芦根、木瓜按一定重量比为原料，经挑拣、粉碎，加入适量牛磺酸、甜菊糖和柠檬酸，混匀，包装，杀菌等工序生产制备而成。该袋泡茶适用于大量饮酒带来的损伤，包括消化系统的溃疡、严重的肝脏的损伤、神经系统的损伤以及循环系统的损伤。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饮品技术领域，具体涉及一种缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。
背景技术
酒在我国具有悠久的历史，据《灵枢·论勇》中记载“酒者，水谷之精，熟谷之液也”。其甘辛大热，气味芳香，入心、肝二经，能升能散，宜引药势，活血通络，祛风散寒，消积冷，健脾胃。随着我国人民生活水平的日益提高，酒类消费也呈增高趋势。现代医学证明，适量饮酒可以舒筋活血，有利于身体健康，但长期过量饮酒会但长期、大量饮酒会给人们的身体带来损伤，包括肝脏、脑神经以及心脏的损害。酒精主要在肝内代谢，对肝脏的损害特别大，对肝脏的伤害也最直接。它能使肝细胞发生变性和坏死，一次大量饮酒，会杀伤大量的肝细胞，引起转氨酶急剧升高；如果长期饮酒，还容易导致酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎，甚至酒精性肝硬化。对神经系统的损伤，表现为一系列思维及行为释放状态，如患者理智障碍、易冲动、共济失调、语无伦次、呕吐、嗜睡等，重者可引起癫痫、抽搐甚至死亡。对心脏的损伤主要为酒精及其代谢产物乙醛可产生急性心肌抑制作用，这种抑制作用造成钙代谢、线粒体呼吸功能、脂肪代谢、心肌蛋白合成、钙-心肌纤维相互作用等心肌细胞内的各种功能障碍，这些急性作用可导致心律失常。
大量的临床试验证实：近7年间，因大量长期饮烈性白酒造成酒精中毒的患者上升28.5倍，死亡人数上升30.6倍。因此，寻找口感好、价格低，对缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤有一定疗效的保健养生产品具有十分重要意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。本发明的另一个目的是提供该袋泡茶的制备方法。本发明采用的技术方案是，一种能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物按重量份数比由下述组分组成：葛根6～18份、山楂3～15份、枳椇子5～20份、菊花3～15份、芦根6～20份、木瓜3～15份、牛磺酸0.1～0.3份、甜菊糖0.1～0.4份和柠檬酸0.1～0.4份。
优选地，所述组合物按重量份数比由下述组分组成：葛根12份、山楂5份、枳椇子10份、菊花4份、芦根10份、木瓜5份、牛磺酸0.1份、甜菊糖0.2份和柠檬酸0.2份。
所述袋泡茶制备方法为：按上述重量份称取葛根、山楂、枳椇子、菊花、芦根、木瓜，先挑拣、粉碎，过筛，混合，再加入上述重量份的牛磺酸、甜菊糖和柠檬酸，充分混匀，包装，灭菌，即制成能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。
优选地，所述过筛采用20～40目筛，包装采用茶叶滤纸袋。
上述技术方案的药理机制在于：
葛根为豆科植物野葛Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi或甘葛藤Puerariathomsonii Benth.的干燥根，含有葛根素等多种黄酮类成分。药理实验研究表明，葛根素具有抗氧化、抗缺血再灌注损伤的作用，起到保护心肌和肾的作用。能够对抗酒精对大鼠脑组织损伤的影响，其机制可能是在急性酒精中毒的情况下，葛根素可以改善血液循环，增加组织氧供，有利于酒精的氧化代谢；通过扩张血管、改善肾小管的痉挛状态而增加肾血流量，尿量增加，排泄增强，从而降低血液中乙醇水平，减少肠道对酒精的吸收，从而减少血液中含ET量的增高，减少脑组织炎性因子TNF-Q的增加，从而减少脑组织发生炎性水肿，降低对脑组织的损伤。在本发明中起保护酒精性脑、肝、心损伤的作用。
山楂为蔷薇科植物山里红Crataegus Pinnatifida Bge.var.major N.E.Br.或山楂C.pinnatifida Bge.的成熟果实，性温兼入肝经血分，能通行气血，具有化饮食，消肉积，活血祛瘀止痛之功效。山楂含黄酮类、三萜皂苷类(熊果酸、齐墩果酸、山楂酸等)，皂苷鞣质、游离酸、脂肪酸等多种成分。所含脂肪酸能促进脂肪消化，并增加胃消化酶的分泌而促进消化，且对胃肠功能有一定调整作用。另外，还具有降血脂，抗动脉粥样硬化、抗氧化，保护心脏的功能。在本发明中起保护酒精性肝、心损伤的作用。
枳椇子为鼠李科拐枣属植物枳椇Hovenia dulcis Thunb.带有肉质果柄的果实或种子，含黑麦草碱、枳椇苷等成分。具有清热利尿，解酒毒之功效，主治酒毒、烦热、口渴、呕吐、二便不利等症。现代医学研究也证明，枳椇子对于过量饮酒导致的酒精性肝损伤具有明显的预防和治疗作用。枳椇子可加快乙醇代谢，降低酒后血醇浓度，有效延长醉酒时间，增强肝脏乙醇脱氢酶活性，降低肝脏脂质过氧化风险，减少乙醇所致肝损伤以及可缩短因醉酒引起的睡眠时间等。在本发明中起保护酒精性肝、心损伤的作用。
菊花为菊科植物菊Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.的干燥头状花序。主含挥发油、黄酮类、菊苷、腺嘌呤、胆碱等物质，具有降压、缩短凝血时间、解热、抗炎、镇静作用。对生物膜的超氧阴离子自由基损伤起保护作用，可以扩张脑血管，增加脑部血液灌流量，提高脑细胞的活性。因此，不但可以防止脑血管意外的发生，而且可以延缓大脑功能的减退，在本发明中起保护酒精性脑损伤的作用。
芦根为禾本科植物芦苇Phragmites communis Trin.的新鲜或干燥根茎。据《本草纲目》记载，芦根性寒、味甘，人肺、胃经，具有清热泻火、生津止渴、除烦、止呕、利尿之功效，常用于热病烦渴，肺热咳嗽，肺痈吐痰，胃热呕吐，热淋涩痛。现代药理研究已发现芦根主要有抗氧化作用和保肝作用两方面，可用于预防饮酒引起肝脏损伤。
木瓜为蔷薇科植物贴梗海棠(Chaenomeles speciosa S.Nakai)的干燥成熟果实，味酸、温，入肝、脾经，有平肝舒筋、和胃化湿之功效，可用于预防和治疗风湿病、霍乱、痢疾、肠炎、脚气病及维生素C缺乏症等。木瓜中含有保肝化学成分齐墩果酸和熊果酸。齐墩果酸对四氯化碳造成的肝损伤有保护作用，能减少肝实质细胞的坏死，脂肪变性和退化，并在临床上用于肝炎的治疗。熊果酸对硫代乙酰胺、半乳糖胺、四氯化碳造成的大鼠肝损伤有剂量依赖性的保护作用。另外，木瓜多酚类物质能使冠状动脉和脑血管扩张,增加血流量,降低血管阻力,增加血液对氧的供给，达到抗疲劳作用。有研究证实木瓜提取物及牛磺酸复合制剂可明显提高受试者的VO2max、PWC170、台阶指数成绩，并降低疲劳指数，表明具有明显的抗疲劳作用。在本发明中起保护酒精性肝、心损伤的作用。
牛磺酸又名为牛胆酸、牛胆素，是细胞内一种主要的游离氨基酸，在脑内含量丰富，分布广范，有促进脑组织发育、提高神经传导和改善学习记忆、抗脂质过氧化、对抗各种化学物质对细胞的损害等作用。此外，牛磺酸在防治动脉粥样硬化、高血压、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病等老年退行性疾病中有重要的作用，甚至还能延缓生物体的衰老过程。牛磺酸保护酒精性脑损伤的机理是通过增加慢性酒精中毒大鼠血浆中SOD和GSH.PX活性、降低慢性酒精中毒大鼠血浆中MDA含量以及抗氧化清除自由基的能力保护酒精性脑损伤。在本发明中起保护酒精性脑损伤的作用。
柠檬酸在自然界中分布很广，存在于植物如柠檬、柑橘、菠萝等果实和动物的骨骼、肌肉、血液中。可作为食品的调味剂,抗氧化剂,pH调节剂，在本发明中起保持或改进的风味，减弱微生物的抗热性和抑制其生长，延长保存期的作用。
甜菊糖苷是一种天然的非营养型高甜度甜味剂，具有低卡热、高甜度、理化性质稳定、安全无副作用等优点，同时具有降血糖、降血脂、降血压等重要的生物活性。在本发明中起保持或改进的风味的作用以及辅助山楂、木瓜保护心脏作用。
本发明的组合物配比是发明人经过长期大量摸索总结得出，至今为止，还没有发现任何有关本发明组合物的报道。
本发明的有益效果在于，该组合物各组分通过相互协同，可以对受损肝、脑和心脏细胞起修复营养的作用；同时产品属药食同源的保健品，不会产生任何副作用，安全可靠；该袋泡茶适用于大量饮酒带来的损伤，包括消化系统的溃疡、严重的肝脏的损伤、神经系统的损伤以及循环系统的损伤。
下面将结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
称取葛根6份、山楂15份、枳椇子15份、菊花3份、芦根6份、木瓜15份，先挑拣、粉碎，过30目筛，混合，再加入牛磺酸0.1份、甜菊糖0.4份和柠檬酸0.4份，充分混匀，用茶叶滤纸袋包装，灭菌，即制成能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。
实施例2：
称取葛根18份、山楂3份、枳椇子5份、菊花15份、芦根20份、木瓜3份，先挑拣、粉碎，过20目筛，混合，再加入牛磺酸0.2份、甜菊糖0.1份和柠檬酸0.1份，充分混匀，用茶叶滤纸袋包装，灭菌，即制成能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。
实施例3：
称取葛根10份、山楂6份、枳椇子10份、菊花10份、芦根10份、木瓜6份，先挑拣、粉碎，过40目筛，混合，再加入牛磺酸0.3份、甜菊糖0.2份和柠檬酸0.3份，充分混匀，用茶叶滤纸袋包装，灭菌，即制成能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。
实施例4：
称取葛根15份、山楂9份、枳椇子20份、菊花8份、芦根10份、木瓜6份，先挑拣、粉碎，过30目筛，混合，再加入牛磺酸0.1份、甜菊糖0.1份和柠檬酸0.4份，充分混匀，用茶叶滤纸袋包装，灭菌，即制成能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。
实施例5：
称取葛根12份、山楂5份、枳椇子10份、菊花4份、芦根10份、木瓜5份，先挑拣、粉碎，过30目筛，混合，再加入牛磺酸0.1份、甜菊糖0.2份和柠檬酸0.2份。充分混匀，用茶叶滤纸袋包装，灭菌，即制成能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶。
取本发明袋泡茶组合物进行下述药理学实验：
一、对大鼠酒精性肝病疗效的实验观察
1.方法
将40只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组(n＝10)、模型组(n＝10)、袋泡茶组(n＝10)和泼尼松组(n＝10)。采用白酒灌胃的方法制备酒精性肝病大鼠模型；制模12周后，袋泡茶组(n＝10)和泼尼松组分别给予15g·kg-1·d-1，0.9mg·kg-1·d-1，其余两组每日灌胃等量生理盐水，共6周。检测各组大鼠肝功能、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及肝组织乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)水平。(本实验中动物处置方法符合动物伦理学标准。)袋泡茶药物制备：按照实施例1～5任一例所制备的袋泡茶15g经水煎煮后旋蒸至含生药1g·mL-1，参照人体用量，折算出大鼠用量给予灌胃。
2.实验结果
与正常对照组比较，模型组天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、MDA含量均明显升高，SOD、ADH和ALDH含量均明显降低；与模型组比较，袋泡茶组AST、ALT、AKP、GGT、MDA含量均明显降低，SOD、ADH和ALDH均明显升高，说明袋泡茶对酒精性肝病具有一定的治疗作用。结果见表1、表2。
表1对大鼠血清AST、ALT、AKP、GGT水平的影响
表2对大鼠组织中SOD、MDA、ADH、ALDH水平的影响
二、对大鼠酒精性心、脑病疗效的实验观察
1.方法
采用给予乙醇灌胃制造酒精性脑损伤模型的方法，30只雄性Wistar大鼠，随机分为3组，对照组(n＝10)用50％葡萄糖20ml·kg-1·d-1灌胃；模型组(n＝10)用40％酒精按8g·kg-1·d-1灌胃；袋泡茶组(n＝10)：给予同等量乙醇灌胃，同时给予袋泡茶，按15g·kg-1·d-1灌胃给药(袋泡茶药物制备方法同前)，给药30d，处死大鼠，抽取大鼠腹主动脉血液，断头取脑，取血清及额叶大脑皮质，检测各组大鼠血浆中内皮素(ET)的水平；用ELISA法检测各组大鼠大脑皮质中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)的水平。
2.实验结果
模型组血浆中的ET以及大脑组织匀浆中的THF-a含量明显高于对照组(p<O.05)；袋泡茶组血浆中的ET以及大脑组织匀浆中的TNF-a含量明显低于模型组(P<O.05)。说明本发明袋泡茶具有抗酒精性心、脑损伤作用。结果见表3。
表3各组的大鼠血浆中ET和脑组织匀浆中TNF-a含量的影响
本发明描述的上述实现方式仅是为了清楚的说明本发明的技术方案，而不能理解为对本发明做出任何限制。本发明在本技术领域具有公知的多种替代或者变形，在不脱离本发明实质意义的前提下，均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种能缓解酒精性肝、脑和心损伤的袋泡茶组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物按重量份数比由下述组分组成：葛根6～18份、山楂3～15份、枳椇子5～20份、菊花3～15份、芦根6～20份、木瓜3～15份、牛磺酸0.1～0.3份、甜菊糖0.1～0.4份和柠檬酸0.1～0.4份。
2.如权利要求1所述的袋泡茶组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物按重量份数比由下述组分组成：葛根12份、山楂5份、枳椇子10份、菊花4份、芦根10份、木瓜5份、牛磺酸0.1份、甜菊糖0.2份和柠檬酸0.2份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的袋泡茶组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，为：按上述重量份称取葛根、山楂、枳椇子、菊花、芦根、木瓜，先挑拣、粉碎，过筛，混合，再加入上述重量份的牛磺酸、甜菊糖和柠檬酸，充分混匀，包装，灭菌，即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述过筛采用20～40目筛，包装采用茶叶滤纸袋。
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