CN1053628C - 冷冻集装箱和壁架 - Google Patents

冷冻集装箱和壁架 Download PDF

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CN1053628C
CN1053628C CN94194731A CN94194731A CN1053628C CN 1053628 C CN1053628 C CN 1053628C CN 94194731 A CN94194731 A CN 94194731A CN 94194731 A CN94194731 A CN 94194731A CN 1053628 C CN1053628 C CN 1053628C
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库尔特·B·马森
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/06—Coverings, e.g. for insulating purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
    • B65D88/121—ISO containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/745—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents blowing or injecting heating, cooling or other conditioning fluid inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/028—Wall construction hollow-walled, e.g. double-walled with spacers

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Abstract

本发明与一种双层壁冷冻集装箱和一个用于该集装箱的壁架(25)有关，该冷冻集装箱有一板料(9)构成的外壳和板料(6)构成的内壳，壁架(25)有一个由垂直角柱(16)和上、下横梁构成的外壁架，外壁架与上、下纵梁结合构成集装箱的承载架，另外，壁架(25)还有一个由板件(19c)组成的内壁架以及一个呈环状的由模压塑料(20)制成的中间插件(20)，这样便可保证集装箱内壳和外壳之间的紧密连结而使箱体保持密封。

Description

冷冻集装箱和壁架
本发明涉及一个具有内壳和一外壳的双壁冷冻集装箱，有大致呈水平和垂直的平板件，分别形成箱壳的内壁和外壁、顶面和底面，还有中间粘着的泡沫塑料绝缘层，上述外壳的板件连结到集装箱的承载架上，该承载架有上纵梁和下纵梁以及上横梁和下横梁，还有壁体的垂直角柱。
目前，上述类型的冷冻集装箱广泛应用于必须根据所运货物性质保持其冷却温度在很小范围内变动的国外食品运输中，因此，在长期使用过程中，对集装箱的绝热程度和紧密性有严格的要求，所以该冷冻集装箱在周围环境温度和湿度大幅度变动的作用下仍须在集装箱内的各处保持一定的内温而且最好还做到消耗有限的能源。以上这些因素在使用所述的冷冻集装箱时对降低运输成本是至关重要的。
因此极为重要的是，在冷冻集装箱结构的绝热层中只允许有少量的热桥(热通道)，并且比较能传热的面积必须尽最大可能加以限制。在上述冷冻集装箱内，热桥特别容易发生在集装箱的外壳和内壳相连的壁体处，由于冷冻集装箱的内壳和外壳常须承受大的机械应力并把它传到壁架上，容器的外壳都由薄钢板来制造而内壳则由薄钢板和薄铝板制造，这些材料相对于中间绝热层具有大的导热性，因此必需把钢外壳与铝内壳相互分开以防产生电流而引起腐蚀以及从外壳向内壳直接传热。
在一开始就提到的已知冷冻集装箱中，这些内壳和外壳之间的中间过渡物经常是由粘和/或铆在冷冻集装箱的外壳和内壳上的塑料型而构成。由经验测知当该冷冻集装箱使用一段时间后，这些中间过渡物很快变得容易渗漏而这些中间过渡物的渗漏结果会形成所不希望的冷冻集装箱的刚度和绝热效果的大幅度下降。这样水蒸汽就会渗入绝热层中，而且该绝热材料会将部分绝热的特殊气体释放到大气中，况且水也会渗入到绝热层中而引发化学以及机械的蜕变过程，特别是牵涉到在绝热面上形成冰的危险从而使冷冻集装箱遭破坏。
本发明的双壁冷冻集装箱，其特征在于，相连的上、下横梁和垂直的角柱一起构成外壳板件与之相连的外壁架并且它还包括内壳板件与之相连的由板料构成的内壁架以及粘插在外壁架和内壁架之间的一个中间的且呈环状的弹性材料。这种结构构成的冷冻集装箱在经过长期使用后仍具有良好密封性可以保证集装箱持久的最佳绝热性能。
内壳和外壳就这样可以极少相关地进行工作，从而可以避免壳体连结点之间形成所不希望的“热桥”。中间橡胶状的弹性嵌入物在内壳和外壳之间既电绝缘又热绝缘，且此嵌入物能在内外壳之间传递机械应力而且还对水蒸汽密封和防水。
另外本发明还涉及以上章节提到的双壁冷冻集装箱类型所用的壁架，其特征在于，该壁架是由具有互联的上、下横梁和垂直角柱的上壁架，板料构成的内壁架以及粘插在内、外壁架之间的一个中间的呈环状的弹性材料所组成。该结构提供了一种具有与上述冷冻集装箱相同运作优点的壁架，该壁架可装在容器的两端，即可装在设有门的一端又可装在通常把冷冻装置引入的一端，随后，上述冷冻装置沿着壁架周边进行密封再把本发明的壁架装到一个具有冷冻集装箱的焊接的内壳和外壳以及中间泡沫绝热层的预组合件上，这样便可提供一个特别快速装配的冷冻集装箱。在壁架的上述装配时，带有外壳的外壁架和带有内壳的内壁架焊在一起。
参照附图，下文将更详细说明本发明，其中：
图1是一个本发明的冷冻集装箱的部分剖视图，但是为了更清楚地示出环状绝缘层，所画的比例有点不太正确；
图2是通过一个开有集装箱门的构架的放大立面剖视图；
图3是通过一个开有集装箱门构架的放大水平面剖视图；
图4是通过一个本发明构架特别有利的实施例的放大水平面剖视图。
如图1所示，双壁冷冻容器1有一个铝薄板材料制成的内壳和一个钢板材料9，10，11制成的外壳3，而且该冷冻集装箱1还有一个中间的粘着的聚氨酯泡沫绝热层4。
内壳2有形成内壳内壁面的垂直板件5，6以及形成内壳内顶面的水平板件7，另外内壳2有一个由挤压铝型材焊在一起的T字形地板8。内壳的板件5，6，7之间的所有接头和T字形地板8都焊成一体以提供一个完全密封结实且刚性的内壳体。
外壳3有基本上为不锈钢薄板料制成的平板件9，10和11而形成其外壁、顶面和底面。
在所示实施例中，外壳3的板件9，10和11焊到由弯板料制成的上和下纵梁12，13上。冷冻集装箱1有一个承载架，该承载架有焊到壁架25上的上述上、下纵梁12，13上。
壁架25有一个上、下横梁14，15焊在一起的外壁架和焊到上述纵梁12，13上以提供冷冻集装箱1的承载架的垂直角柱16。另外壁架25还有一个由板料制成的内壁架19a，19b，19c以及在外壁架和内壁架之间的一个中间的且呈环状的弹性材料粘插件20，该粘插件20最好用一个模压的聚氨酯塑料来成形，但是也可用模压橡胶来成形，请见图2和图3。
由互连的上、下横梁14，15和垂直角柱16构成的壁架25的外壁架焊到集装箱的外壳9，10，11上，接着，将壁架25的内壁架19a，19b，19c焊到冷冻集装箱的内壳6，7，8上，然后，在余下的环形空腔23内进行塑料发泡便可使壁架25构件之间的绝热层封死。
这样就可保证内壳和外壳极少相关地平稳工作而不会有渗漏的风险，这种渗漏会导致有损害的水蒸汽渗入到绝热层或由集装箱绝热层释放出的气体向外扩散而减小其绝热性能，进而就可避免可能发生在内外壳之间的金属联结点处的电化学腐蚀。
集装箱门18可设有一个环形的向内伸的刮板或啮合条21，在集装箱门关上时该啮合条21压入到一中间的橡胶插件20a内或直接压入弹性的插件20内，这样便可保证集装箱门18特别可靠的密封。
在插件20模压之前，“保护板件”24可焊在外壁架14，15，16的内向侧，如最佳实施例图4所示，于是中间的橡胶插件20模压在保护板件24上。该保护板件24最好由与集装箱外壳相同的材料制成或由非贵金属制成。
在本发明的范围之内还可作出许多修改，例如壁架25的内壁架和外壁架可用许多不同类型的板料和不同型面的板料制成。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有一内壳(2)和一外壳(3)的双层壁冷冻集装箱，包括有水平和垂直板件(6，7，8，9，10，11)各自形成箱壳的内壁、外壁顶面和底面，还有中间粘着的泡沫塑料绝热层(4)，上述外壳板件(9，10，11)连结到包括上、下纵梁(12，13)与上、下横梁以及壁体处的垂直角柱构成的承载架上，其特征在于，互连的上、下横梁(14，15)以及垂直角柱(16)提供一个外壳板件(9，10，11)可连在其上的外壁架，承载架还包括一个内壳板件(6，7，8)可连在其上的由板件构成的内壁架(19a，19b，19c)以及一个粘连在内壁架和外壁架之间处于中间的呈环状的弹性材料插件(20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双层壁冷冻集装箱，其特征在于，由弹性材料制成的中间插件是由模压的塑料构成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双层壁冷冻集装箱，其特征在于，内壳(2)和外壳(3)的板件(6，7，8)和(9，10，11)分别用焊接与内壁架(19a，19b，19c)和外壁架(14，15，16)相连。
4.一种用于双层壁冷冻集装箱的壁架(25)，包括有内壳(2)和外壳(3)，分别由水平板件和垂直板件(6，7，8，9，10，11)构成箱壳的内壁、外壁、顶面和底面，还包括一个中间粘着的泡沫塑料绝热层(4)，上述外壳板件(9，10，11)连结到集装箱(1)的承载架上，在装配状态下，该承载架包含有上、下纵梁(12，13)和上、下横梁(14，15)以及在壁体处的垂直角柱(16)，其特征在于壁架(25)是由一个具有上、下横梁(14，15)及垂直角柱(16)的外壁架，一个由板件(19a，19b，19c)制成的内壁架以及一个粘连在外壁架和内壁架之间处在中间且呈环状的弹性材料插件(20)构成的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的壁架，其特征在于，该弹性材料的中间插件(20)是由一个模压的聚氨酯塑料构成。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的壁架，其特征在于，该壁架有一个另外的呈环状且面向外的弹性密封料的插件(20a)，在关门状态下，在集装箱门(18)上的环状啮合带(21)可延伸到该插件(20a)内。
7.根据权利要求4所述的壁架，其特征在于壁架有一个直接装在外壁架和/或内壁架上的“保护板件”(24)。
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EP0731768A1 (en) 1996-09-18
DK134893A (da) 1995-06-03
AU1106595A (en) 1995-06-19
CN1139910A (zh) 1997-01-08
DK0731768T3 (da) 1999-05-03
US5642827A (en) 1997-07-01
NO962223L (no) 1996-05-30
DE69412130D1 (de) 1998-09-03
DK171019B1 (da) 1996-04-22
DK134893D0 (da) 1993-12-02
JPH09505788A (ja) 1997-06-10
KR960706442A (ko) 1996-12-09
DE69412130T2 (de) 1999-01-07
NO962223D0 (no) 1996-05-30
EP0731768B1 (en) 1998-07-29
PL314788A1 (en) 1996-09-30
WO1995015288A1 (en) 1995-06-08
PL178151B1 (pl) 2000-03-31

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