CN105340705A - Constant-humidity irrigable culture method for agricultural leafy vegetable crops on balcony - Google Patents

Constant-humidity irrigable culture method for agricultural leafy vegetable crops on balcony Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105340705A
CN105340705A CN201510606845.XA CN201510606845A CN105340705A CN 105340705 A CN105340705 A CN 105340705A CN 201510606845 A CN201510606845 A CN 201510606845A CN 105340705 A CN105340705 A CN 105340705A
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China
Prior art keywords
water
water tank
matrix
culture method
balcony
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CN201510606845.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105340705B (en
Inventor
王蕊
陈柏延
须晖
马健
李天来
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Shenyang Agricultural University
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Shenyang Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a constant-humidity irrigable culture method for agricultural leafy vegetable crops on a balcony. The constant-humidity irrigable culture method comprises the following steps: fully filling a water tank with water, sealing a water inlet hole by using a water tank plug, reversely placing the water tank in a culture tank, and jacking and opening the water tank plug by using an ejector pin so that water is drained from the water inlet hole; enabling freeboard to be 1-3 cm constantly by using an air pressure balance principle; placing capillary materials one by one at intervals of 18-24 cm because the wet radius of each capillary material is 9-12 cm, wherein the depth of the part of the capillary material inserted into the soil is 1-2 cm; and loading a medium in the culture tank and compacting until the distance from the medium to the upper edge of the culture tank is 2-3 cm. By the constant-humidity irrigable culture method, the agricultural crops on the balcony are not required to be watered for 3-4 weeks, coco coir serves as the soilless culture medium, an earthworm fertilizer and an inorganic compound fertilizer serve as base fertilizers, the using amount of the substrates is regulated and controlled to be 200-250 g/L, 150-180 g of the earthworm fertilizer and 10-15 g of the inorganic compound fertilizer are mixed in per kilogram of the coco coir, and the arrangement positions of capillary agents are regulated and controlled, so that the culture effect is good.

Description

A kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation technique without soil field, be specifically related to a kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method.
Background technology
Balcony agricultural just refers to is in the spatial dimension of front yard, is engaged in the activity of gardening plant cultivation and decoration.In recent years, due to the appearance of the problem such as food security, environmental pollution, balcony agricultural with can production safety vegetables, the advantage such as purify air, and is subject to the favor of people gradually.But owing to managing the reasons such as loaded down with trivial details, technical sophistication in process of crop growth, balcony agricultural often ends in failure.
Whether successfully the moisture of matrix and nutrient content determine balcony agricultural activity key factor.The water content of matrix is very few, causes arid, causes the underproduction; Water content of substrate is too high, easily causes rotten, causes plant death.Matrix nutrient content is very few, causes crop growing state weak, production declining; Matrix nutrient content is too high, easily causes fertilizer damage, can cause the waste of the underproduction and fertilizer equally.Therefore, find best water content of substrate and optimum fertilizing amount, and the method finding the control water content of substrate moment to remain unchanged, great help can be had to balcony agricultural grower.
Constant humidity irrigates a kind of irrigation method referring to and keep the water supply in media content moment to remain unchanged, and mainly utilize capillary force, realize automatic irrigation, and the moisture humidity of matrix remains unchanged.But current constant humidity irrigation technique is still immature, there is no clear and definite method to regulate and control the water content of matrix.
Soilless culture does not adopt natural soil, and adopt the matrix of artificial preparation or nutrient solution to carry out the technology of cultivating, and soilless culture, for relaxing and solving farmland issue day by day serious on the earth, has profound significance.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method, achieve the object of balcony agricultural without the need to frequently watering, and with coconut palm chaff for soilless culture substrate, earthworm is fertile, inorganic composite fertilizer is base manure, measured by the fertilizer of mixing of the usage amount of coconut palm chaff, the position of capillarity thing and every kilogram of coconut palm chaff in regulation and control unit volume, reach good cultivation effect.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method, comprises the steps:
S1, water tank is filled water, catch the handle of cistern plug upwards to carry, after inlet opening is sealed, water tank is inverted in cultivation case, by thimble, cistern plug is backed down, inlet opening water outlet;
S2, with water tank pad, water tank is paved 1-3cm, its freeboard is controlled all the time at 1-3cm, when water flows out to identical with apopore height, because water is by the effect of water tank internal gas negative pressure, water stops flowing out; After the water flowed out is by matrix absorption, the water in water tank can flow out to apopore height again, therefore the constant height of water level is in apopore height;
The wetting radius of S3, each capillary materials is 9-12cm, therefore places a capillary materials at interval of 18-24cm, and penetrates the dark 1-2cm of soil; Matrix is loaded cultivation case and be densified to eaves 2-3cm place on distance cultivation case, make the quality loading matrix in its every liter capacity be 200-250g;
After S4, capillary materials and matrix have been laid, start plantation.
Wherein, described matrix is added by coconut palm chaff that earthworm is fertile and inorganic composite fertilizer is formulated, and every kilogram of coconut palm chaff mixes earthworm fertile 150-180g, inorganic composite fertilizer 10-15g, and in matrix nutrient enough crop 3-4 stubble, growing way is good all the time, without the need to topdressing.
Wherein, matrix makes its unit weight reach 0.20-0.25g/cm when being employed by the method for compacting 3, water content 55-65%, pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the content of organic matter is>=40%, and total nutrient content is 1-5%, EC value is 2.0-2.5mS/cm, and total porosity is 75-84%, and gas-water ratio is 1: 2-3.
Wherein, described cultivation case, water tank pad, thimble are formed in one, non-dismountable.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Achieve the object of balcony agricultural 3-4 week without the need to watering, and with coconut palm chaff for soilless culture substrate, earthworm is fertile, inorganic composite fertilizer is base manure, is measured, reach good cultivation effect by the fertilizer of mixing of the usage amount of coconut palm chaff, the position of capillarity thing and every kilogram of coconut palm chaff in regulation and control unit volume.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cultivating groove in a kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables of embodiment of the present invention crop constant humidity irrigable culture method.
Fig. 2 is the front view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1.
In figure, 1-soil separating plate; 2-capillary materials; 3-water tank pad; 4-thimble; 5-device housings; 6-water tank; 7-cistern plug.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiments provide a kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method, comprise the steps:
S1, water tank is filled water, catch the handle of cistern plug upwards to carry, after inlet opening is sealed, water tank is inverted in cultivation case, by thimble, cistern plug is backed down, inlet opening water outlet;
S2, with water tank pad, water tank is paved 1-3cm, its freeboard is controlled all the time at 1-3cm, when water flows out to identical with apopore height, because water is by the effect of water tank internal gas negative pressure, water stops flowing out; After the water flowed out is by matrix absorption, the water in water tank can flow out to apopore height again, therefore the constant height of water level is in apopore height;
The wetting radius of S3, each capillary materials is 9-12cm, therefore places a capillary materials at interval of 18-24cm, and penetrates the dark 1-2cm of soil; Matrix is loaded cultivation case and be densified to eaves 2-3cm place on distance cultivation case, make the quality loading matrix in its every liter capacity be 200-250g; Described matrix is added by coconut palm chaff that earthworm is fertile and inorganic composite fertilizer is formulated, and every kilogram of coconut palm chaff mixes earthworm fertile 150-180g, inorganic composite fertilizer 10-15g.The enough matrix of nutrient content of matrix reuses 3-4 stubble, without the need to topdressing.Matrix makes its unit weight reach 0.20-0.25g/cm when being employed by compaction treatment 3, water content 55-65%, pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the content of organic matter is>=40%, and total nutrient content is 1-5%, EC value is 2.0-2.5mS/cm, and total porosity is 75-84%, and gas-water ratio is 1: 2-3;
After S4, capillary materials and matrix have been laid, start plantation.
The cultivation box structure that the embodiment of the present invention uses as shown in 1-3, by soil separating plate 1, capillarity thing 2, water tank pad 3, thimble 4, device housings 5, water tank 6, cistern plug 7, it should be noted that device housings 1, water tank pad 3, thimble 4 are actual as a whole, be called cultivating groove, cannot dismantle.Be network structure bottom soil separating plate 1, place the porose water tank 6 in bottom at cultivating groove left and right both wings, no matter being into water or water outlet, is all by this hole.
Embodiment 1
Determine the optimised quantity loading matrix in unit volume
Use the constant humidity irrigation rig that volume is 18L, in device, load the coconut palm chaff of different quality, by sustained height, make the unit weight gradient of coconut palm chaff be 0.15g/cm 3, 0.20g/cm 3, 0.25g/cm 3, 0.30g/cm 3, 0.35g/cm 3, be examination material with a variety of Chinese cabbage, through recording, coconut palm chaff consumption 200g/L and 250g/L, unit weight reaches 0.20g/cm 3and 0.25g/cm 3coconut palm chaff yield and quality under constant humidity irrigable culture condition the highest.
Embodiment 2
Determine the optimum amount of organic and inorganic fertilizer in matrix
Fertile and the inorganic composite fertilizer two-factor cross-over experiment with earthworm, the consumption of earthworm fertilizer adds 90g, 120g, 150g, 180g, 220g in every kilogram of coconut palm chaff, the consumption of inorganic composite fertilizer adds 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g, 25g in every kilogram of coconut palm chaff, two-factor is tested, each factor 5 process, totally 25 process, repeat for 3 times.Take a variety of Chinese cabbage as examination material, through measuring, every kilogram of coconut palm chaff adds earthworm fertile 150g, 180g, and matrix yield and quality under constant humidity irrigable culture condition of inorganic composite fertilizer 10g, 15g is best.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1, water tank is filled water, catch the handle of cistern plug upwards to carry, after inlet opening is sealed, water tank is inverted in cultivation case, by thimble, cistern plug is backed down, inlet opening water outlet;
S2, with water tank pad, water tank is paved 1-3cm, its freeboard is controlled all the time at 1-3cm, when water flows out to identical with apopore height, water stops flowing out;
The wetting radius of S3, each capillary materials is 9-12cm, therefore places a capillary materials at interval of 18-24cm, and penetrates the dark 1-2cm of soil; Matrix is loaded cultivation case and be densified to eaves 2-3cm place on distance cultivation case, make the quality loading matrix in its every liter capacity be 200-250g;
After S4, capillary materials and matrix have been laid, start plantation.
2. a kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described matrix is added by coconut palm chaff that earthworm is fertile and inorganic composite fertilizer is formulated, every kilogram of coconut palm chaff mixes the fertile 150-180g of earthworm, inorganic composite fertilizer 10-15g, in matrix nutrient enough crop 3-4 stubble, growing way is good all the time, without the need to topdressing.
3. a kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, matrix makes its unit weight reach 0.20-0.25g/cm when being employed by the method for compacting 3, water content 55-65%, pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the content of organic matter is>=40%, and total nutrient content is 1-5%, EC value is 2.0-2.5mS/cm, and total porosity is 75-84%, and gas-water ratio is 1: 2-3.
4. a kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cultivation case, water tank pad, thimble are formed in one, non-dismountable.
CN201510606845.XA 2015-09-15 2015-09-15 A kind of balcony agricultural leaf vegetables crop constant humidity irrigable culture method Expired - Fee Related CN105340705B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017219493A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 广东森维绿联科技有限公司 Soilless culture substrate and cultivation method for leaf vegetables

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017219493A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 广东森维绿联科技有限公司 Soilless culture substrate and cultivation method for leaf vegetables

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