CN105336579A - 一种半导体元件及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种半导体元件及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105336579A
CN105336579A CN201510629914.9A CN201510629914A CN105336579A CN 105336579 A CN105336579 A CN 105336579A CN 201510629914 A CN201510629914 A CN 201510629914A CN 105336579 A CN105336579 A CN 105336579A
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semiconductor element
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metal
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CN105336579B (zh
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徐志波
周圣伟
程志青
王肖
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Anhui Sanan Optoelectronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种半导体元件,通过利用衬底上生长的金属保护层、金属氧化物保护层避免硅衬底表面非晶态层的形成;利用过渡层减小所述金属氧化物保护层与所述III-IV族缓冲层的晶格差异,提高所述III-IV族缓冲层的晶体质量。本发明同时提出一种制备方法,该方法可以避免在硅衬底界面附近非晶态层的形成,避免裂纹的产生。同时充分利用PVD法沉积的高质量多层缓冲结构,及在其上生长氮化镓或铟镓氮或铝镓氮外延层,制作成发光二极管元件或晶体管元件。

Description

一种半导体元件及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于半导体技术领域,特别涉及一种半导体元件及其制备方法。
背景技术
物理气相沉积法(PVD法)具有工艺过程简单、对环境污染小、原材消耗少、成膜均匀致密、与基板的结合力强等特点,目前被越来越多地应用于半导体元件的制备中,通常较多地用于底层的制备,例如沉积氮化铝层作为缓冲层,可降低及缓冲衬底与外延层之间因晶格失配和热失配产生的缺陷和应力,改善半导体元件的器件质量。
相较于化学气相沉积,PVD法溅射出来的原子具有较高的能量(一般在10~20eV)和较强的迁移能力,因此,采用PVD法可以沉积出高质量的缓冲层,特别是对于AlN这一类结合键能强的物质,采用PVD法沉积的膜层较MOCVD法沉积的膜层质量更佳。但是目前在硅衬底表面直接采用物理气相沉积的方法生长氮化铝,容易在衬底与氮化铝界面形成非晶态氧化硅层,导致后续形成的氮化铝层质量变差,造成下面问题:氮化铝层作为应力缓冲层,其释放应力的能力不一致,应力集中在界面上的非晶态氮化硅层上,容易导致裂纹的产生,破坏整个半导体器件质量;氮化铝层的致密性变差,产生孔隙,其后在化学气相沉积含镓的氮化物时,镓元素通过孔隙直接腐蚀硅衬底,形成坑洞,破坏整个半导体器件性能。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提出了一种半导体元件,通过利用衬底上生长的金属保护层、金属氧化物保护层避免硅衬底表面非晶态层的形成;利用过渡层减小所述金属氧化物保护层与所述III-IV族缓冲层的晶格差异,提高所述III-IV族缓冲层的晶体质量。本发明同时提出一种制备方法,该方法可以避免在硅衬底界面附近非晶态层的形成,避免裂纹的产生。同时充分利用PVD法沉积的高质量多层缓冲结构,及在其上生长氮化镓层或铟镓氮层或铝镓氮层,制作成发光二极管或晶体管元件。
本发明提供的技术方案为:一种半导体元件,包括硅衬底、多层缓冲结构和外延功能层,其中,所述多层缓冲结构包括依次排列生成的金属保护层、金属氧化物保护层、过渡层和III-IV族缓冲层;所述金属保护层、金属氧化物保护层避免所述硅衬底表面非晶态层的形成;所述过渡层用于减小所述金属氧化物保护层与所述III-IV族缓冲层的晶格差异,提高所述III-IV族缓冲层的晶体质量。
优选的,所述金属保护层的材料为金属铝,其厚度为1~100埃。
优选的,所述金属氧化物保护层的材料为氧化铝,其厚度为1~500埃。
优选的,所述过渡层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧掺杂浓度≥1×1019cm-3
优选的,所述III-IV族缓冲层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧掺杂浓度≤4×1022cm-3
同时,本发明提出一种半导体元件结构的制备方法,依次在一硅衬底上形成多层缓冲结构和外延功能层,其中,所述多层缓冲结构通过下面方法形成:
利用物理气相沉积法于所述硅衬底表面沉积金属保护层;
通入氧气,使所述金属保护层上表面氧化,然后采用物理气相沉积法于所述金属保护层表面沉积金属氧化物保护层;
保持氧气持续通入,增加氮气通入,利用物理气相沉积法于所述金属氧化物保护层表面沉积过渡层;
关闭氧气,保持氮气持续通入,利用物理气相沉积法于所述过渡层表面沉积III-IV族缓冲层,构成多层缓冲结构。
优选的,所述金属保护层的材料为金属铝,其厚度为1~100埃。
优选的,所述金属氧化物保护层的材料为氧化铝,其厚度为1~500埃。
优选的,所述过渡层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≥1×1019cm-3,所述过渡层厚度为1~1000nm。
优选的,所述过渡层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≥1×1019cm-3,所述过渡层厚度为5~50nm。
优选的,所述III-IV族缓冲层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≤4×1022cm-3,所述III-IV族缓冲层厚度为10~1000nm。
优选的,所述III-IV族缓冲层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≤4×1022cm-3,所述III-IV族缓冲层厚度为200~300nm。
优选的,所述过渡层的氧掺杂浓度大于所述III-IV族缓冲层氧掺杂浓度。
优选的,所述外延功能层为氮化镓基发光二极管外延或铝镓氮晶体管外延层。
本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明利用金属保护层、金属氧化物保护层保护硅衬底表面,避免在硅衬底界面上非晶态层的形成,避免裂纹和孔隙的产生,消除后续含镓的氮化物中镓元素通过孔隙腐蚀硅衬底,破坏整个半导体器件质量;而利用过渡层减小金属氧化物保护层与III-IV族缓冲层的晶格差异,提高III-IV族缓冲层的晶体质量。
2、采用物理气相法沉积多层缓冲结构时,由于溅射原子的能量高,迁移率高,其沉积的膜层质量高于通常的化学气相沉积法,进而获得高平整度的缓冲层界面;继续在其表面生长氮化镓、铝镓氮、铟镓氮等膜层时,使得位错及缺陷密度大大减少,改善氮化物半导体器件的晶体质量,减少器件漏电现象,增加了器件的可靠性,提升整个发光半导体器件的发光效率及电子迁移率。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。此外,附图数据是描述概要,不是按比例绘制。
图1为本发明实施例一之半导体结构示意图一。
图2为本发明实施例一之多层缓冲结构结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例一之半导体结构示意图二。
图4为本发明实施例二之半导体结构示意图。
图中:10.硅衬底;20.多层缓冲结构;21.金属保护层;22.金属氧化物保护层;23.过渡层;24.III-IV族缓冲层;30.外延功能层;31.第一半导体层;32.发光层;33.第二半导体层;34.非掺杂半导体层;35.铝镓氮层;36.氮化镓半导体层;37.铝镓氮半导体层;38.氮化镓半导体覆盖层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
实施例1
参看附图1~2,本实施例提供一种半导体元件,其包括:硅衬底10、多层缓冲结构20和外延功能层30,此处,所述外延功能层30为第一半导体层31、发光层32和第二半导体层33组成的发光二极管外延层;第一半导体层31与第二半导体层33分别为掺杂有施主杂质的半导体层和掺杂有受主杂质的半导体层。当然,本发明的半导体元件中还可以包含非掺杂半导体层34(参看附图3)。多层缓冲结构20由厚度为1~100埃的金属保护层21、厚度为1~500埃的金属氧化物保护层22、厚度为1~1000nm的过渡层23及厚度为10~1000nm的III-IV族缓冲层24组成,本实施例优选过渡层23的厚度为5~50nm,III-IV族缓冲层24厚度为200~300nm。而所述金属保护层21、金属氧化物保护层22、过渡层23、III-IV族缓冲层24的材料分别为铝金属、氧化铝、氧浓度≥1×1019cm-3的氧掺杂氮化铝和氧浓度≤4×1022cm-3的氧掺杂氮化铝,其中,为增加后续沉积外延层的晶体质量,此实施例优选过渡层23的氧掺杂浓度大于III-IV族缓冲层24的氧掺杂浓度。
因常规PVD法沉积氮化铝缓冲层时,均会掺入微量氧元素,而使用的硅衬底10容易被氧化,故当在硅衬底10表面直接沉积含微量氧元素的氮化铝缓冲层时,硅衬底10表面被氧化形成非晶态的氧化硅层,此非晶态层致使继续沉积的氮化铝缓冲层与衬底10的接触界面质量变差,容易导致裂纹的产生,破坏半导体器件的质量;同时,非晶态层使得氮化铝缓冲层致密性变差,产生空隙,其后在MOCVD法沉积含镓氮化物层时,镓元素通过空隙腐蚀硅衬底,形成坑洞,破坏半导体器件性能。而本实施例提出的多层缓冲结构多层缓冲结构20中,先利用铝金属保护层21覆盖硅衬底10表面,阻断硅衬底10表面与氧气直接接触,避免其被氧化;随后沉积氧化铝层22,减缓铝金属保护层21被后续沉积制程中氧气的氧化程度,进一步保护硅衬底10表面,避免非晶态层的形成;随后再沉积氧掺杂浓度≥1×1019cm-3的过渡层23和氧掺杂浓度≤4×1022cm-3的III-IV族缓冲层24,过渡层23有效降低氧化铝层22与III-IV族缓冲层24之间的晶格差异,提升III-IV族缓冲层24的晶格质量,进而减少后续沉积的外延层内部的晶体缺陷及位错,改善半导体元件的性能。
为实现上述结构及其作用,本发明提出一种半导体外延结构的制备方法,依次在硅衬底上形成多层缓冲结构和外延功能层,其中,所述多层缓冲层通过下面方法形成:
首先,提供一硅衬底10并置于PVD腔室中,对硅衬底10表面进行清洁,去除表面的杂质;而此步骤中用以清洁衬底10表面的方式为利用自偏压射频溅射方法在高温下H2或惰性气体中清洁表面;其中,惰性气体采用氩气、氦气或氖气中的一种,此处优选氩气进行清洁处理。
然后,利用PVD法于所述硅衬底10表面沉积金属保护层21;金属保护层21的材料为金属铝;此实施例中PVD法优选磁控溅射法。
通入氧气,使金属保护层21上层氧化,然后采用PVD法于金属保护层21表面沉积金属氧化物保护层22;金属氧化物保护层22的材料为氧化铝。
保持氧气持续通入,增加氮气通入,利用PVD法于金属氧化物保护层22表面沉积氧掺杂氮化铝材料形成的过渡层23,其氧浓度≥1×1019cm-3
最后,关闭氧气,保持氮气持续通入,利用物理气相沉积法于过渡层23表面沉积氧掺杂氮化铝材料形成的III-IV族缓冲层24,构成多层缓冲结构20;其中,所述III-IV族缓冲层24的氧浓度≤4×1022cm-3
本方法形成的多层缓冲结构20晶体质量高,界面平整,使得后续生长的含镓元素发光二极管的位错及缺陷密度大大减少,减少器件漏电,增加了器件的可靠性,同时提升了整个发光半导体器件的发光效率。
实施例2
参看附图4,本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,在多层缓冲结构20表面沉积晶体管外延层作为外延功能层30,形成晶体管元件,其制备方法及结构如下:将沉积有金属保护层21、金属氧化物保护层22、过渡层23和III-IV族缓冲层24组成的多层缓冲结构20的衬底转入MOCVD腔室,利用MOCVD法沉积铝镓氮层35,进一步缓冲多层缓冲结构20的晶格应力,避免裂纹产生;随后再一层非故意掺杂或掺杂碳或掺杂铁的氮化镓半导体层36,接着再沉积铝镓氮半导体层37,该铝镓氮半导体层37通过电场极化作用在界面处产生高密度的电子气,最后再沉积氮化镓半导体覆盖层38,同时该覆盖层38也用作接触层,用以制作电极,形成最终晶体管元件。
应当理解的是,上述具体实施方案为本发明的优选实施例,本发明的范围不限于该实施例,凡依本发明所做的任何变更,皆属本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

1.一种半导体元件,包括:硅衬底、多层缓冲结构和外延功能层,其特征在于:所述多层缓冲结构包括依次排列生成的金属保护层、金属氧化物保护层、过渡层和III-IV族缓冲层,其中所述金属保护层、金属氧化物保护层用于避免所述硅衬底表面非晶态层的形成,所述过渡层用于减小所述金属氧化物保护层与所述III-IV族缓冲层之间的晶格差异。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种半导体元件,其特征在于:所述金属保护层的材料为金属铝,其厚度为1~100埃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种半导体元件,其特征在于:所述金属氧化物保护层的材料为氧化铝,其厚度为1~500埃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种半导体元件,其特征在于:所述过渡层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧掺杂浓度≥1×1019cm-3
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种半导体元件,其特征在于:所述III-IV族缓冲层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧掺杂浓度≤4×1022cm-3
6.一种半导体元件的制备方法,依次在一硅衬底上形成多层缓冲结构和外延功能层,其特征在于,所述多层缓冲结构通过下面方法形成:
利用物理气相沉积法于所述硅衬底表面沉积金属保护层;
通入氧气,使所述金属保护层上表面氧化,然后采用物理气相沉积法于所述金属保护层表面沉积金属氧化物保护层;
保持氧气持续通入,增加氮气通入,利用物理气相沉积法于所述金属氧化物保护层表面沉积过渡层;
关闭氧气,保持氮气持续通入,利用物理气相沉积法于所述过渡层表面沉积III-IV族缓冲层,构成多层缓冲结构。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属保护层的材料为金属铝,其厚度为1~100埃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属氧化物保护层的材料为氧化铝,其厚度为1~500埃。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述过渡层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≥1×1019cm-3,所述过渡层厚度为1~1000nm。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述过渡层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≥1×1019cm-3,所述过渡层厚度为5~50nm。
11.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述III-IV族缓冲层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≤4×1022cm-3,厚度为10~1000nm。
12.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述III-IV族缓冲层的材料为氧掺杂氮化铝,其氧浓度≤4×1022cm-3,厚度为200~300nm。
13.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述过渡层的氧掺杂浓度大于所述III-IV族缓冲层的氧掺杂浓度。
14.根据权利要求6所述的一种半导体元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述外延功能层为发光二极管外延层或晶体管外延层。
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