CN105333778A - Medium-deep hole large-section composite cut blasting structure and method - Google Patents
Medium-deep hole large-section composite cut blasting structure and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105333778A CN105333778A CN201510882022.XA CN201510882022A CN105333778A CN 105333778 A CN105333778 A CN 105333778A CN 201510882022 A CN201510882022 A CN 201510882022A CN 105333778 A CN105333778 A CN 105333778A
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- snubber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medium-length hole and large-section composite cut blasting structure and a method, wherein a large-diameter hollow hole perpendicular to a tunnel face is arranged at the position close to the center of the tunnel face, a plurality of cut holes are arranged around the large-diameter hollow hole, each cut hole is distributed in a spiral line by taking the center line of the large-diameter hollow hole as the center, the length of each cut hole is gradually increased from inside to outside along the spiral line, and the cut hole is an oblique hole with the inner end inclined to the center line of the large-diameter hollow hole; a plurality of peripheral holes and a plurality of bottom plate holes are distributed on the tunneling face along the outer contour of the face and used for controlling the contour of the blasting face, two rows of auxiliary holes are arranged between the peripheral holes and the cut holes, and one row of auxiliary holes are distributed between the cut holes and the bottom plate holes; the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole are all provided with a water bag, explosive and a detonator. The invention reduces the blasting vibration speed, the blasting charge amount and the labor capacity of workers, and simultaneously has little damage to surrounding rocks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Underground Engineering Blasting technology, be specifically related to a kind of medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure and method.
Background technology
At present, its undermining type of tunnel of full-face blast driving is adopted to mainly contain two kinds: shear and inclination slotting.The shortcoming of shear is spacing to snubber, jewel hole quality and powder charge require strictly, not easily to grasp, and borehole number and the explosive consumption of required slotting are on the high side, and slotting volume is little, is applicable to the tunnel that Blasting Excavation cross dimensions is less; Inclination slotting is due to snubber and face oblique, and therefore slotting is reliable, not high to the required precision of boring, operates fairly simple, the most common in the larger-size tunnel of Blasting Excavation, wherein uses the most extensive with V-cut form again.
Adopt the tunnel of full-face blast excavation, when snubber adopts the vertical wedge cut arranged in form in inclination cutting method, its blasting process is as follows: first, and all snubbers all adopt same section millisecond delay cap to ignite, and namely all snubbers detonate simultaneously; Subsequently, adopt same section millisecond delay cap to detonate near the reliever of snubber, re-use same section millisecond delay cap and detonate near the residue reliever of periphery hole; Finally, same section millisecond delay cap is adopted to detonate periphery hole and base plate eye.Owing to only having a scope of freedom (free face) when Tunnel Blasting is tunneled, i.e. driving face, clamping action is large, so when carrying out explosion design, under normal circumstances, it is also maximum that the snubber single hole explosive payload of detonating at first is compared with periphery (base plate) eye with reliever, and the snubber that same time detonating charge amount is maximum will cause concussion of blasting to cause major injury to country rock to tunnel perimeter structures.
In recent years, from the angle of energy saving economy environmental protection, invent a kind of novel tunnel sinking and blasting method, i.e. " energy-conserving and environment-protective hydraulic pressure demolition ".Energy-conserving and environment-protective hydraulic pressure demolition is compared with conventional blasting method method, the same with conventional blasting method in six, borehole distribution, undermining type, blasthole number, hole length, firing order and burst time interval etc., be only add water bag and stemming in hydraulic pressure demolition borehole, namely only change the charge constitution of borehole.Because the advantage " three improve a protection " of hydraulic pressure demolition is known by bursting work related personnel, so the tunnel of many Blasting Excavation all have employed the method.But the impact that the change etc. as undermining type produces explosion is not considered in this aspect.
Therefore, a kind of new medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure of exploitation and method is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure and method, to improve explosive utilization rate, reduce workman and be drilled with borehole operation working time, and reduce noise of blasting and vibrations.
Medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure of the present invention, a major diameter emptying aperture perpendicular to face is provided with at the center upper position of tunnel piercing face, some snubbers are being provided with around this major diameter emptying aperture, each snubber is helically line distribution centered by the center line of this major diameter emptying aperture, the length of each snubber from inside to outside increases gradually along helix, and described snubber is the strabismus of inner end to the centerline dip of major diameter emptying aperture;
Tunnel piercing face is laid with some periphery holes and some base plate eyes along face outline, for the profile of face after controlled blasting, between periphery hole and snubber, be provided with two row's relievers, between snubber and base plate eye, be laid with row's reliever;
Described snubber, reliever, periphery hole and base plate intraocular are equipped with the detonator of water bag, explosive and energy ignition charge.
Outwards a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, a water-saving bag is provided with successively from inner in described snubber;
Outwards a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags are provided with successively from inner in described reliever;
Described base plate intraocular is outwards provided with a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, three water-saving bags successively from inner;
Outwards a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags are provided with successively from inner in described periphery hole.
The length of described reliever, base plate eye, periphery hole and major diameter emptying aperture is L,
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described reliever is about 2/3L;
The length sum of some joint explosives of described base plate intraocular is about 1/3L;
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described periphery hole is about 1/5L ~ 1/4L.
The quantity of described snubber is 4 ~ 8, and the snubber being positioned at helix inner side is about L/2 along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture center line, and wherein, L is the length of major diameter emptying aperture; Be positioned at the outermost snubber of helix and be about L along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture center line, and the inner end of each snubber is equal to the diameter D1 of major diameter emptying aperture to the distance of the center line of major diameter emptying aperture.
Described detonator adopts ms postpone Nonel detonator.
Medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
Step one, laying major diameter emptying aperture and borehole:
A major diameter emptying aperture perpendicular to face is laid at tunnel piercing face center upper position, some snubbers are being laid with around this major diameter emptying aperture, each snubber is helically line distribution centered by the center line of this major diameter emptying aperture, the length of each snubber from inside to outside increases gradually along helix, and described snubber is the strabismus of inner end to the centerline dip of major diameter emptying aperture, tunnel piercing face is laid with some periphery holes and some base plate eyes along face outline, for the profile of face after controlled blasting, two row's relievers are provided with between periphery hole and snubber, row's reliever is laid with between snubber and base plate eye,
Step 2, filling explosive:
In each snubber, load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, a water-saving bag from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming;
In each reliever, load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming;
Load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, three water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively at each base plate intraocular, and block with stemming;
In each periphery hole, load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming;
Step 3, line, confirm errorless after detonate:
First each snubber is from inside to outside pressed millisecond time Hole-by-hole initiating along helix;
After each snubber has all detonated, detonated at twice by each reliever, each auxiliary lore near snubber side is detonated, and detonates after each reliever of periphery hole side;
After all relievers have detonated, then detonate each base plate eye and each periphery hole simultaneously.
The quantity of described snubber is 4 ~ 8, and the snubber being positioned at helix inner side is about L/2 along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture center line, and wherein, L is the length of major diameter emptying aperture; Be positioned at the outermost snubber of helix and be about L along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture center line, and the inner end of each snubber is equal to the diameter D1 of major diameter emptying aperture to the distance of the center line of major diameter emptying aperture.
The length of described reliever, base plate eye, periphery hole and major diameter emptying aperture is L,
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described reliever is about 2/3L;
The length sum of some joint explosives of described base plate intraocular is about 1/3L;
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described periphery hole is about 1/5L ~ 1/4L.
Described detonator adopts ms postpone Nonel detonator.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: due to the broken swollen property after country rock explosion, utilizes major diameter emptying aperture to provide the scope of freedom (free face) and compensation space for first snubber that detonates, reduces blast-shaking speed.Because each snubber is all favour face, and axis direction is all partial to the center line of major diameter emptying aperture, therefore its blast throwing effect is stronger than shear version, adopts millisecond delay cap can ensure that each borehole detonates successively in order.After first snubber detonates, country rock between first snubber and major diameter emptying aperture just by throwing out, thus be provide country rock compensating space in blasting after second snubber detonates, by that analogy, when all snubbers all explosion complete after, just form a very large vallecular cavity at face, this provides the good scope of freedom for reliever detonates, last explosion periphery hole and base plate are at the moment, the rock of explosion all will to this side avalanche of face, thus the explosive consumption of each periphery hole and base plate eye is also few than conventional hydraulic pressure demolition mode, reduce noise of blasting and vibrations, and it is very little to the damage of country rock.In addition, the required precision of the present invention to boring is not high, reduces workman and is drilled with borehole operation working time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the dissimilar blashole charge of borehole blasting of the present invention;
Fig. 3 arranges partial sectional view along the snubber that G-G line is corresponding in Fig. 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment also by reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described:
As the medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, a major diameter emptying aperture 1 perpendicular to face is provided with at the center upper position of tunnel piercing face, 4 ~ 8 snubbers 2 (hole namely connected by dotted line A in Fig. 1) are being provided with around this major diameter emptying aperture 1, if the number of snubber 2 is less than 4, then illustrate that the diameter D1 of major diameter emptying aperture 1 is excessive; If the number of snubber 2 is more than 8, then illustrate that the diameter D1 of major diameter emptying aperture 1 is too small, the diameter D1 (also can adopt two and above major diameter emptying aperture as primary blasting compensation space) of major diameter emptying aperture 1 need be increased.Each snubber 2 is helically line distribution centered by the center line of this major diameter emptying aperture 1, the length of each snubber 2 from inside to outside increases gradually along helix, and the snubber 2 being positioned at helix inner side is about L/2 along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture 1 center line, wherein, L is the length of major diameter emptying aperture 1; Be positioned at the outermost snubber 2 of helix and be about L along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture 1 center line.Snubber 2 is the strabismus of inner end to the centerline dip of major diameter emptying aperture 1, and the inner end of each snubber 2 is equal to the diameter D1 of major diameter emptying aperture 1 to the distance of the center line of major diameter emptying aperture 1.
Tunnel piercing face is laid with some uniform periphery holes 4 (hole namely connected by solid line D in Fig. 1) and some uniform base plate eyes 5 (hole be namely connected by solid line F in Fig. 1) along face outline, for the profile of face after controlled blasting, between periphery hole 4 with snubber 2, be provided with two row's relievers 3 (hole be namely connected by solid line B and solid line C in Fig. 1), between snubber 2 with base plate eye 5, be laid with row's reliever 3 (hole be namely connected by solid line E in Fig. 1).Be equipped with the detonator of water bag, explosive and energy ignition charge in snubber 2, reliever 3, periphery hole 4 and base plate eye 5, this detonator adopts ms postpone Nonel detonator.
As shown in Figure 2, from the inner detonator, the water-saving bag that are outwards provided with a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and energy ignition charge successively in snubber 2, install rear stemming and block.From the inner detonator, two water-saving bags that are outwards provided with a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and energy ignition charge successively in reliever 3, install rear stemming and block.From the inner detonator, three water-saving bags that are outwards provided with a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and energy ignition charge successively in base plate eye 5, install rear stemming and block.From the inner detonator, two water-saving bags that are outwards provided with a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and energy ignition charge successively in periphery hole 4, install rear stemming and block.
As shown in Figure 2, the length of reliever 3, periphery hole 4, base plate eye 5 and major diameter emptying aperture 1 is L; The length sum of the some joint explosives in reliever 3 is about 2/3L; The length sum of the some joint explosives in base plate eye 5 is about 1/3L; The length sum of the some joint explosives in periphery hole 4 is about 1/5L ~ 1/4L.
Medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
Step one, laying major diameter emptying aperture and borehole:
A major diameter emptying aperture 1 perpendicular to face is laid at tunnel piercing face center upper position, 4 ~ 8 snubbers 2 are being laid with around this major diameter emptying aperture 1, each snubber 2 is helically line distribution centered by the center line of this major diameter emptying aperture 1, the length of each snubber 2 from inside to outside increases gradually along helix, and snubber 2 is the strabismus of inner end to the centerline dip of major diameter emptying aperture 1, tunnel piercing face is laid with some periphery holes 4 and some base plate eyes 5 along face outline, for the profile of face after controlled blasting, two row's relievers 3 are provided with between periphery hole 4 and snubber 2, row's reliever 3 is laid with between snubber 2 and base plate eye 5.
During boring, first utilizing hidden hole drilling to be drilled with one perpendicular to face diameter at tunnel piercing face center upper position is D1, and length is the major diameter emptying aperture 1 of L.Then line centered by major diameter emptying aperture 1 axis, according to face country rock graded category, searches its broken swollen COEFFICIENT K.The compensation space that the distance R1 of the outer end of first snubber 2 be drilled with and the center line of major diameter emptying aperture 1 need be supplied to needed for the explosion of first snubber 2 according to K value and major diameter emptying aperture 1 calculates out, usual R1 value is 1.5D1 ~ 2D1, and wherein D1 is the diameter of major diameter emptying aperture 1.After first snubber 2 detonates, country rock between first snubber 2 and major diameter emptying aperture 1 by explosion out, form a new free face and vallecular cavity, the compensating space in blasting provided according to bulking factor K and new free face again determines the distance R2 of the center line of second snubber 2 and major diameter emptying aperture 1, and usual R2 value is 2D1 ~ 2.5D1; By that analogy, determine the 3rd snubber 2, the 4th snubber 2 ..., to the last the inner end of a snubber 2 is to the projection length the same as the length L of major diameter emptying aperture 1 of the center line of major diameter emptying aperture 1.
Step 2, filling explosive:
As shown in Figure 2, in each snubber 2, load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, a water-saving bag from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming; First snubber detonated 2 adopts delays to be the detonator of 1 section, and second snubber detonated 2 adopts delays to be the detonator of 2 sections, analogizes in proper order.
As shown in Figure 2, in each reliever 3, load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming; The length sum of the some joint explosives in reliever 3 is about 2/3L; Utilize the different sections of ms postpone Nonel detonator that reliever 3 is detonated at twice, each reliever 3 near snubber 2 side first detonates, and detonates after each reliever 3 of periphery hole 4 side.The arrangement that laying mode and the blasting procedure usually adopted of reliever 3 adopt is basically identical, after each snubber 2 has detonated, for reliever 3 explosion provides good free face, therefore the explosive payload of reliever 3 is fewer than the reliever explosive payload in usual hydraulic pressure demolition mode.
As shown in Figure 2, in each base plate eye 5, load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, three water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming; The length sum of the some joint explosives in base plate eye 5 is about 1/3L.In each periphery hole 4, load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming; The length sum of the some joint explosives in periphery hole 4 is about 1/5L ~ 1/4L.Each base plate eye 5 and each periphery hole 4 adopt same section ms postpone Nonel detonator, to guarantee can detonate at detonated rear each base plate eye 5 and each periphery hole 4 of all relievers 3 simultaneously.
Step 3, line, confirm errorless after detonate:
First each snubber 2 is from inside to outside pressed millisecond time Hole-by-hole initiating along helix, if for 7 snubbers 2, the order of detonating is a1 → a2 → a3 → a4 → a5 → a6 → a7, after 7 snubbers 2 have detonated one by one, just on driving face, defines a large vallecular cavity.After each snubber 2 has all detonated, each reliever 3 is detonated at twice, each reliever 3 (hole that the hole namely connected by solid line B is connected with by solid line E) near snubber 2 side first detonates, and detonates after each reliever 3 (hole namely connected by solid line C) of periphery hole 4 side.After all relievers 3 have detonated, then detonate each base plate eye 5 and each periphery hole 4 simultaneously.
Claims (9)
1. a medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure, it is characterized in that: be provided with the major diameter emptying aperture (1) perpendicular to face at the center upper position of tunnel piercing face, some snubbers (2) are being provided with around this major diameter emptying aperture (1), each snubber (2) is helically line distribution centered by the center line of this major diameter emptying aperture (1), the length of each snubber (2) from inside to outside increases gradually along helix, and described snubber (2) is for inner end is to the strabismus of the centerline dip of major diameter emptying aperture (1);
Tunnel piercing face is laid with some periphery holes (4) and some base plate eyes (5) along face outline, for the profile of face after controlled blasting, between periphery hole (4) and snubber (2), be provided with two row's relievers (3), between snubber (2) and base plate eye (5), be laid with row's reliever (3);
The detonator of water bag, explosive and energy ignition charge is equipped with in described snubber (2), reliever (3), periphery hole (4) and base plate eye (5).
2. medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Outwards a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, a water-saving bag is provided with successively from inner in described snubber (2);
Outwards a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags are provided with successively from inner in described reliever (3);
Outwards a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, three water-saving bags are provided with successively from inner in described base plate eye (5);
Outwards a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags are provided with successively from inner in described periphery hole (4).
3. medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the length of described reliever (3), base plate eye (5), periphery hole (4) and major diameter emptying aperture (1) is L
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described reliever (3) is about 2/3L;
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described base plate eye (5) is about 1/3L;
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described periphery hole (4) is about 1/5L ~ 1/4L.
4. medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the quantity of described snubber (2) is 4 ~ 8, and the snubber (2) being positioned at helix inner side is about L/2 along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture (1) center line, wherein, L is the length of major diameter emptying aperture (1); Be positioned at the outermost snubber of helix (2) and be about L along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture (1) center line, and the inner end of each snubber (2) is equal to the diameter D1 of major diameter emptying aperture (1) to the distance of the center line of major diameter emptying aperture (1).
5. medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting structure according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described detonator adopts ms postpone Nonel detonator.
6. a medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one, laying major diameter emptying aperture and borehole:
A major diameter emptying aperture (1) perpendicular to face is laid at tunnel piercing face center upper position, some snubbers (2) are being laid with around this major diameter emptying aperture (1), each snubber (2) is helically line distribution centered by the center line of this major diameter emptying aperture (1), the length of each snubber (2) from inside to outside increases gradually along helix, and described snubber (2) is for inner end is to the strabismus of the centerline dip of major diameter emptying aperture (1), tunnel piercing face is laid with some periphery holes (4) and some base plate eyes (5) along face outline, for the profile of face after controlled blasting, two row's relievers (3) are provided with between periphery hole (4) and snubber (2), row's reliever (3) is laid with between snubber (2) and base plate eye (5),
Step 2, filling explosive:
In each snubber (2), load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, a water-saving bag from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming;
In each reliever (3), load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming;
In each base plate eye (5), load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, three water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming;
In each periphery hole (4), load a water-saving bag, some joint explosives and detonator, two water-saving bags from the inside to surface successively, and block with stemming;
Step 3, line, confirm errorless after detonate:
First each snubber (2) is from inside to outside pressed millisecond time Hole-by-hole initiating along helix;
After each snubber (2) has all detonated, each reliever (3) is detonated at twice, each reliever (3) near snubber (2) side first detonates, and detonates after each reliever (3) of periphery hole (4) side;
After all relievers (3) have detonated, then detonate each base plate eye (5) and each periphery hole (4) simultaneously.
7. medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the quantity of described snubber (2) is 4 ~ 8, and the snubber (2) being positioned at helix inner side is about L/2 along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture (1) center line, wherein, L is the length of major diameter emptying aperture (1); Be positioned at the outermost snubber of helix (2) and be about L along the projected length on major diameter emptying aperture (1) center line, and the inner end of each snubber (2) is equal to the diameter D1 of major diameter emptying aperture (1) to the distance of the center line of major diameter emptying aperture (1).
8. the medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting method according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: the length of described reliever (3), base plate eye (5), periphery hole (4) and major diameter emptying aperture (1) is L
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described reliever (3) is about 2/3L;
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described base plate eye (5) is about 1/3L;
The length sum of the some joint explosives in described periphery hole (4) is about 1/5L ~ 1/4L.
9. the medium-length hole big cross section compound Cut Blasting method according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that: described detonator adopts ms postpone Nonel detonator.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510882022.XA CN105333778B (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2015-12-03 | Medium-deep hole large-section composite cut blasting structure and method |
| PCT/CN2016/088682 WO2017092306A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2016-07-05 | Medium-length hole large cross-section composite cut blasting structure and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510882022.XA CN105333778B (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2015-12-03 | Medium-deep hole large-section composite cut blasting structure and method |
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| CN105333778A true CN105333778A (en) | 2016-02-17 |
| CN105333778B CN105333778B (en) | 2017-08-08 |
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| CN112254598A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-22 | 重庆大学 | Hard rock large-section trolley tunneling control blasting method |
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| CN105333778B (en) | 2017-08-08 |
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