CN103557758B - Expanded excavation area hole inside and outside combined delay subarea differential initiation network in tunnel blasting - Google Patents
Expanded excavation area hole inside and outside combined delay subarea differential initiation network in tunnel blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103557758B CN103557758B CN201310534966.9A CN201310534966A CN103557758B CN 103557758 B CN103557758 B CN 103557758B CN 201310534966 A CN201310534966 A CN 201310534966A CN 103557758 B CN103557758 B CN 103557758B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000033695 Sige Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined delay subarea differential blasting network inside and outside an expanded excavation area hole in tunnel blasting, which is characterized in that: for a subsurface excavation subway interval tunnel penetrating through an archaeological protection building, drilling and blasting excavation is carried out by adopting a three-step method, and an upper step, a middle step and a lower step are sequentially formed along the longitudinal excavation of the tunnel; the method is characterized in that a combined delay subarea differential initiation network inside and outside the expanded excavation area is arranged, an upper step expanded excavation area is divided according to an upper-middle-lower structure and a left-right structure, in each divided area, the same section of different detonators are adopted in two to four adjacent blast holes to form a synchronous initiation section, and different detonators are adopted between different synchronous initiation sections to initiate one by one. The invention can ensure that the blasting vibration velocity of the construction section of the lower-level through-penetrating construction meets the relevant requirements, protect the cultural relics from damaging the building and ensure the construction progress.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Blasting Control shock-dampening method, be more particularly under wear historical relic's protection building tunnel and implement institute in explosion and adopts shock-absorbing control method, be the infringement of ground literary composition guarantor being built for reducing concussion of blasting ill-effect.
Background technology
Flourish along with China's city underground, the subway engineering adopting drill bursting construction to pass through bustling location, city gets more and more, and some cities also have a large amount of national historical relic's protection buildings.The vibrations ill-effect that explosion produces likely jeopardizes Adjacent Buildings, historical relic's protection building particularly of the remote past.How effectively controlled blasting vibrations ill-effect, ensure that the safety of historical relic's protection building and construction are carried out smoothly, become the important topic that current employing drill bursting construction city underground project is urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Qingdao is as China's grains safety; historical and cultural heritage is very abundant; save the outstanding history evolvement that a large amount of ancient buildings built with German occupation period is representative; the subway first stage of the project civil engineering location, Qingdao City wherein undertaken the construction of for four innings by middle iron is distributed with more national, provincial level and city-level major cultural relic architecture protection, and history is all at about 100 years.Effectively controlled blasting must vibrate ill-effect during Subway Tunnel blast working, ensure the safety of these non-renewable historical and cultural heritages.
According to " Qingdao City's subway first stage of the project (No. 3 lines) civil engineering 01 bid section building on-site investigation assessment report " and " Qingdao City's subway first stage of the project (No. 3 lines) civil engineering 01 bid section passes through landmark special scheme discussion expert opinion ", the safe permissible value of suggestion vibration velocity should control be not more than 0.5cm/s.
In engineering explosion; single glissando is existing a lot, but when adopting single glissando, protected point and burst region distance at 20m time; measuring point Blasting Vibration Velocity is at 2 ~ 5cm/s, and this obviously can not meet the control overflow of 0.5cm/s far away.Reducing single hop explosive charge and reducing each excavation drilling depth etc. is all extend the duration for cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the weak point for avoiding existing for above-mentioned prior art; associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network inside and outside excavation region hole is provided in a kind of Tunnel Blasting; related request is met to wear literary composition guarantor construction section Explosive Vibrating Velocity under guarantee; reliably protecting historical relic's protection building is not impaired, ensures construction speed.
The present invention is that technical solution problem adopts following technical scheme:
In Tunnel Blasting of the present invention, inside and outside excavation region hole, the feature of associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network is:
For under wear ancient Chinese prose and protect the tunneling subway sectional tunnel of building, adopt three benching tunnelling method drill-blast tunnelling, along tunnel longitudinally excavation formed successively top bar, middle step and getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; Excavation for region of topping bar first faces emptying aperture along the equidistant preset each gabarit of arch of the excavation contour line of topping bar; Arrange pilot heading in the bottom in described region of topping bar, big gun hole, center is positioned at the geometric center of described pilot heading, and four vertex position places that emptying aperture divides the Q-RING be in centered by big gun hole, described center are faced at four preset centers; Described pilot heading with to top bar excavation region explosion at twice, and pilot heading is ahead of excavation region face of topping bar is 1.0 ~ 2.0 meters, described in top bar excavation region face be set to reverse 5: 1 domatic.
Associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network inside and outside excavation region hole is set, it is divided into by upper, middle and lower and tiled configuration described excavation region of topping bar: divide the left inside side region and the Right Inboard region that are in pilot heading both sides, divides and be in the left right lateral left side central portion region of excavation region of topping bar, left lower region, right side central region and lower right side region; And divide the left upper portion region and the right upper portion region that are in the left and right sides, excavation region top of topping bar; In described each region, in adjacent two to four big gun holes, adopt the other detonator of same section to form simultaneous initiation section, between different simultaneous initiation sections, adopt not other detonator of section to detonate piecemeal.
In Tunnel Blasting of the present invention, inside and outside excavation region hole, the feature of associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network is also:
Other inside region of same section is set for left inside side region and Right Inboard region and outreaches detonator, other lower area of same section is set for left lower region and lower right side region and outreaches detonator, other central region of same section is set for left side central portion region and right side central region and outreaches detonator, and then upper area and right upper portion region arrange other upper area of same section and outreach detonator for a left side; Described inside region outreaches detonator and lower area and outreaches detonator and be arranged in parallel as excavation region outreaches detonator, excavation region detonating capsule, excavation region outreach detonator, central region outreaches detonator and upper area outreaches detonator and is arranged in series successively, realize subregion millisecond detonating.
For being in each simultaneous initiation section of topping bar in the zones of different of excavation region outermost, realize the millisecond detonating between each simultaneous initiation section.
In Tunnel Blasting of the present invention, inside and outside excavation region hole, the feature of associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network is also:
The aperture that described gabarit faces emptying aperture is 40 ~ 42 millimeters, and circumferential distance is 0.5 meter, and longitudinal pitch is 5 meters; The aperture that emptying aperture is faced at described center is 90 ~ 108 millimeters, and longitudinal pitch is 10 ~ 15 meters.
Described pilot heading departs from tunnel structure position of center line 0.5 meter, and is in bottom the excavated section away from the side of protected building.
In addition, pilot heading hole-specifically delayed ignition network also can be set, its be in the periphery in big gun hole, described center, interval near and far, distance center big gun hole arranges each layer and expands groove big gun hole; It is cross distribution that ground floor expands the periphery in big gun hole, Cao Baokong center, and faces emptying aperture with described four centers and jointly form Q-RING.
It is left field, right side area and lower area that groove big gun hole is expanded by Region dividing in big gun hole, center in described pilot heading and each layer; And ground floor expands groove big gun hole to be in lower area; In described each region, in the hole of the same area, detonator section is not different, to realize hole-by-hole initiation in the same area.
Arrange for described left field, right side area and lower area that left field outreaches detonator, right side area outreaches detonator and lower area outreaches detonator respectively, described left field outreaches detonator, right side area outreaches detonator and lower area outreaches detonator and is arranged in parallel and is arranged in series with pilot heading detonating primer; Described left field outreaches detonator, right side area outreaches detonator and lower area to outreach detonator section not different, play from inside to outside successively hole-by-hole initiation to realize big gun hole, pilot heading all Bao Kongzi centers.
The enforcement of the comprehensive glissando of the present invention, reliably controls Blasting Vibration Velocity within the scope of safety requirements, and compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, adopt three benching tunnelling method drill-blast tunnelling in the inventive method, by partial excavation, priority control is topped bar Blasting Excavation, reduces explosion total charge.
2, pilot heading and excavation region explosion at twice of topping bar in the inventive method, in pilot heading, She Sige faces at center emptying aperture and forms preset free face, and implement hole-specifically delayed ignition, play vibration damping and fall effect of shaking, simultaneously again for excavation region explosion of topping bar creates free face; Pilot heading and excavation region detonating repeatedly, reduce short-delay blasting interference, cause vibration influence minimum through verification experimental verification explosion to surrounding building.
3, in the inventive method, pilot heading departs from tunnel structure center line; and pilot tunnel is arranged on bottom excavated section; add quick-fried source to literary composition as far as possible and protect the distance between building, what explosion caused is down to minimum to protection ground vibration energy delivery value as far as possible.
4, it is domatic that excavation region face of topping bar in the inventive method is arranged to reverse 5:1, effectively reduces the impact of face rock clamping action, increase free face, the casting distance of hole slag after reduction explosion.
5, the inventive method China and foreign countries profile becomes preset and faces emptying aperture, and after detonating, blasting energy, is absorbed to periphery transmission through periphery emptying aperture by excavated section inner ring, protects the transmission of building oriented energy after effectively reducing rock blasting along literary composition.
6, in the inventive method, emptying aperture is faced for four centers that pilot heading is preset, make slotting process cushioning effect remarkable.
7, in the inventive method, the setting of the inside and outside associating in pilot heading non-electric ms detonator hole delayed ignition network achieves hole-specifically delayed ignition, the traditional mode of V-cut of simultaneously being detonated in big gun hole, 6 ~ 8, the district of slotting to be in the past adjusted in this example the mode of 28 big gun holes hole-specifically delayed ignition, the pilot heading of 1.8 meters × 1.8 meters is slotting district, increase the excavation area in slotting district, greatly reduce the explosive payload that same section detonates simultaneously.
8, the inside and outside setting of combining delayed ignition network in excavation region non-electric ms detonator hole in the inventive method, achieving tops bar digs subregion millisecond detonating.Excavation region of topping bar is divided into 8 regions of left and right almost symmetry, 16-30 borehole is arranged in each region, in the same area, 2-4 big gun hole adopts with section powder charge, firing order from inside to outside, from bottom to top, symmetrical, by associating time delay in non-electric ms detonator hole, outside hole, 156 big gun holes of topping bar are divided into 56 sections of detonating and do not realize subregion millisecond detonating, traditional tunnel photoface exploision and Controlled blasting technique are used and extend, Explosive Vibrating Velocity is met the requirements.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the present invention three bench cut method schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram of topping bar in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is middle drift steel for shot figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is pilot heading initiation net schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is excavation region initiation net design drawing of topping bar;
Number in the figure: 11 top bar, step in 12,13 get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and 14 top bar excavation region face; 20 pilot headings, 21 protected buildings, 22 gabarits face emptying aperture, 23 tunnel structure center lines, 24 top bar excavation contour line, 25 top bar excavation region, and V is the discrepancy in elevation between the ground of protected building and tunnel vault, and H is the minimum range between the ground of protected building and tunnel excavation outline line; The large emptying aperture of 30 pilot heading, 31 big gun holes, center, 32 ground floors expand groove big gun hole, and 33 second layers expand groove big gun hole, and 34 third layer expand groove big gun hole, and 35 the 4th layers are expanded groove big gun hole; 40 pilot heading detonating primers, 41 lower areas outreach detonator, 42 left field outreach detonator, 43 right side area outreach detonator, 44 lower areas, 45 left field, 46 right side area; 501 left inside side region, 502 Right Inboard regions, 503 left lower regions, 504 lower right side regions, 505 left side central portion regions, 506 right side central regions, 507 left upper portion regions, 508 right upper portion regions, 509 excavation region detonating capsules, 510 inside region outreach detonator, 511 lower areas outreach detonator, and 512 central region outreach detonator, 513 upper areas outreach detonator.
Detailed description of the invention
See Fig. 1, in the present embodiment under wear literary composition and protect building Tunnel Blasting and implement comprehensive shock-dampening method and be: under wear the tunneling subway sectional tunnel that building protected in ancient Chinese prose, adopt three benching tunnelling method drill-blast tunnelling, along tunnel longitudinally excavation formed successively and top bar 11, middle step 12 and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation 13.V shown in Fig. 1 is the discrepancy in elevation between the ground of protected building and tunnel vault, and H is the minimum range between the ground of protected building and tunnel excavation outline line, and in the present embodiment, V value is 1.5 meters, and H value is 16.3 meters.Adopt three step partial excavation methods in the present embodiment, between three steps, longitudinal degree of depth spaces out, and after completing Blasting Excavation of topping bar, namely can not cause too large impact to ground architecture protection for middle step and the explosion of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the excavation for region of topping bar be first along top bar 11 the equidistant preset each gabarit of arch of excavation contour line 24 face emptying aperture 22 to form preset free face, to reduce burden, damper; Arrange pilot heading 20 in the bottom in region of topping bar, big gun hole, center 31 is positioned at the geometric center of pilot heading 20, and four vertex position places that emptying aperture 30 points is in the Q-RING centered by big gun hole, center 31 are faced at four preset centers; Pilot heading 20 with top bar excavation region 25 explosion at twice, and pilot heading 20 is ahead of excavation region face 14 of topping bar is 1.0 ~ 2.0 meters, excavation region of topping bar face 14 be set to reverse 5: 1 domatic.
In concrete enforcement, the aperture that gabarit faces emptying aperture 22 is 40-42 millimeter, and circumferential distance is 0.5 meter, and longitudinal pitch is 5 meters; The aperture that emptying aperture 30 is faced at center is 90 ~ 108 millimeters, and longitudinal pitch is 10 ~ 15 meters; Pilot heading 20 departs from 0.5 meter, tunnel structure center line 23 position, and is in bottom the excavated section away from the side of protected building 21, and to increase the distance between quick-fried source to land protection object as far as possible, the impact that distance object of protection far away is subject to is less.
See Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, arrange pilot heading hole-specifically delayed ignition network, the periphery in its big gun hole, Shi center 31, interval near and far, distance center big gun hole 31 arrange each layer and expand groove big gun hole; It is cross distribution that ground floor expands the periphery in big gun hole, Cao Baokong center 31, and faces emptying aperture 30 with four centers and jointly form Q-RING.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, groove big gun hole being expanded by Region dividing in the big gun hole, center in pilot heading 20 and each layer is left field 45, right side area 46 and lower area 44; And ground floor expands groove big gun hole to be in lower area 44; In each region, in the hole of the same area, detonator section is not different, to realize hole-by-hole initiation in the same area.
Arrange for left field 45, right side area 46 and lower area 44 that left field outreaches detonator 42, right side area outreaches detonator 43 and lower area outreaches detonator 41 respectively, left field outreaches detonator 42, right side area outreaches detonator 43 and lower area outreaches detonator 41 and is arranged in parallel and is arranged in series with pilot heading detonating primer 40; Left field outreaches detonator 42, right side area outreaches detonator 43 and lower area to outreach 41 sections, detonator not different, play from inside to outside successively hole-by-hole initiation to realize big gun hole, pilot heading all Bao Kongzi centers.
See Fig. 5, associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network inside and outside excavation region hole is set, it is divided into by upper, middle and lower and tiled configuration excavation region 25 of topping bar: divide the left inside side region 501 and the Right Inboard region 502 that are in pilot heading both sides, divides and be in the left right lateral left side central portion region 505 of excavation region 25 of topping bar, left lower region 503, right side central region 506 and lower right side region 504; And divide the left upper portion region 507 and the right upper portion region 508 that are in the left and right sides, excavation region 25 top of topping bar; In each region, in adjacent two to four big gun holes, adopt the other detonator of same section to form simultaneous initiation section, between different simultaneous initiation sections, adopt not other detonator of section to detonate piecemeal.
As shown in Figure 5, other inside region of same section is set for left inside side region 501 and Right Inboard region 502 and outreaches detonator 510, other lower area of same section is set for left lower region 503 and lower right side region 504 and outreaches detonator 511, other central region of same section is set for left side central portion region 505 and right side central region 506 and outreaches detonator 512, and then upper area 507 and right upper portion region 508 arrange other upper area of same section and outreach detonator 513 for a left side; Inside region outreaches detonator 510 and lower area and outreaches detonator 511 and be arranged in parallel as excavation region outreaches detonator, excavation region detonating capsule 509, excavation region outreach detonator, central region outreaches detonator 512 and upper area outreaches detonator 513 and is arranged in series successively, realize subregion millisecond detonating; For being in each simultaneous initiation section of topping bar in the zones of different of excavation region 25 outermost, realize the millisecond detonating between each simultaneous initiation section.
The section of being expressed as of a1, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10, a11, a12, a13, a14, a15, a16, a17, a18, a19 shown in Fig. 5 is other, wherein a1 refers to be 1 section of non-electric ms detonator, a19 refers to 19 sections of non-electric ms detonators, all the other the like.
In the present embodiment, time delay interval explosion can make seismic wave superposition weaken, reach shock dropping requirement, inside and outside non-electric ms detonator hole, 28, slotting district big gun hole hole-specifically millisecond detonating has been accomplished in associating time delay in the present embodiment, excavation region of topping bar 156 big gun holes divide work 55 sections other millisecond detonating, significantly reduce Explosive Vibrating Velocity.The detonator that Traditional control explosion limit section does not count is modulated to and meets propellant grain calculation or the satisfactory hop count of vibration monitoring, significantly increase the scope of delays time to control.
The inventive method is particularly useful for hard rock, big cross section bored tunnel, and hard rock refers to that standard compression strength is greater than the rock of 60Mpa; Big cross section refers to that excavated section area is greater than 80m
3the interval bored tunnel of subway one-tunnel two-tracks of/m.
Claims (1)
1. associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network inside and outside excavation region hole in Tunnel Blasting, is characterized in that:
For under wear ancient Chinese prose and protect the tunneling subway sectional tunnel of building, adopt three benching tunnelling method drill-blast tunnelling, along tunnel longitudinally excavation formed successively top bar (11), middle step (12) and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation (13); Excavation for region of topping bar first faces emptying aperture (22) along the equidistant preset each gabarit of arch of the excavation contour line (24) of top bar (11); In the bottom in described region of topping bar, pilot heading (20) is set, big gun hole, center (31) is positioned at the geometric center of described pilot heading (20), and four vertex position places that emptying aperture (30) point is in the Q-RING centered by big gun hole, described center (31) are faced at four preset centers; Described pilot heading (20) and excavation region (25) explosion at twice of topping bar, and it is 1.0 ~ 2.0 meters that pilot heading (20) is ahead of excavation region face (14) of topping bar, described in top bar excavation region face (14) be set to reverse 5: 1 domatic;
Associating time delay subregion millisecond detonating network inside and outside excavation region hole is set, it is divided into by upper, middle and lower and tiled configuration described excavation region of topping bar (25): divide the left inside side region (501) and Right Inboard region (502) that are in pilot heading both sides, divides and be in the left right lateral left side central portion region (505) of excavation region of topping bar (25), left lower region (503), right side central region (506) and lower right side region (504); And divide the left upper portion region (507) and right upper portion region (508) that are in excavation region of topping bar (25) left and right sides, top; In described each region, in adjacent two to four big gun holes, adopt the other detonator of same section to form simultaneous initiation section, between different simultaneous initiation sections, adopt not other detonator of section to detonate piecemeal;
Other inside region of same section is set for left inside side region (501) and Right Inboard region (502) and outreaches detonator (510), other lower area of same section is set for left lower region (503) and lower right side region (504) and outreaches detonator (511), other central region of same section is set for left side central portion region (505) and right side central region (506) and outreaches detonator (512), and then upper area (507) and right upper portion region (508) arrange other upper area of same section and outreach detonator (513) for a left side, described inside region outreaches detonator (510) and lower area and outreaches detonator (511) and be arranged in parallel as excavation region outreaches detonator, excavation region detonating capsule (509), excavation region outreach detonator, central region outreaches detonator (512) and upper area outreaches detonator (513) and is arranged in series successively, realize subregion millisecond detonating,
For each simultaneous initiation section be in the zones of different of excavation region of topping bar (25) outermost, realize the millisecond detonating between each simultaneous initiation section;
The aperture that described gabarit faces emptying aperture (22) is 40 ~ 42 millimeters, and circumferential distance is 0.5 meter, and longitudinal pitch is 5 meters; The aperture that emptying aperture (30) is faced at described center is 90 ~ 108 millimeters, and longitudinal pitch is 10 ~ 15 meters;
Described pilot heading (20) departs from 0.5 meter, tunnel structure center line (23) position, and is in bottom the excavated section away from the side of protected building (21).
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104457466B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2018-06-15 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | A kind of blasting method of tunnel open excavation section |
| CN107655369B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-01-07 | 成都大学 | I-shaped reinforced cut structure and cut method |
| CN107883822B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-12-03 | 成都大学 | A kind of reinforcement slotting correction structure and cut shot method |
| CN107726933B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-12-03 | 成都大学 | A kind of middle font reinforces slotting structure and cut shot method |
| CN109506529B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-06-08 | 福建海峡科化富兴建设工程有限公司 | Composite cut blasting method |
| CN110029659A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-19 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | One-time hole forming construction method for manual hole digging pile combining hollow hole blasting and rotary digging |
| CN110700843B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-01-05 | 中铁二十局集团有限公司 | Tunnel three-step synchronous excavation construction method based on partition blasting |
| CN114086966B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-04-25 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Construction method for fine vibration reduction blasting of four-arch tunnel |
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| KR100323151B1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2002-02-06 | 조영동 | Tunnel blasting method with large empty holes and pre-splitting of circular cut |
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| DE1608374A1 (en) * | 1966-02-19 | 1971-01-28 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Cylindrical collapse for shooting in the rock in the tunnel underground with parallel blast holes to be loaded and parallel large drill holes that are not to be loaded, especially using milliseconds |
| CN1120114A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-04-10 | 鲜京建设株式会社 | Method for excavating a working face |
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